WO2023037872A1 - 電波透過部材、エンブレム及び対象物検知構造 - Google Patents
電波透過部材、エンブレム及び対象物検知構造 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023037872A1 WO2023037872A1 PCT/JP2022/031757 JP2022031757W WO2023037872A1 WO 2023037872 A1 WO2023037872 A1 WO 2023037872A1 JP 2022031757 W JP2022031757 W JP 2022031757W WO 2023037872 A1 WO2023037872 A1 WO 2023037872A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- radio wave
- transmitting member
- wave transmitting
- intermediate layer
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/025—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/04—External Ornamental or guard strips; Ornamental inscriptive devices thereon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to radio wave transmission members, emblems, and object detection structures.
- the automatic collision avoidance system automatically applies the brakes using the image data from the vehicle-mounted camera and the information about the relative distance to the object from the millimeter-wave radar.
- Automobile emblems generally have a structure in which a metal layer for expressing metallic luster is formed on a base material such as resin.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a structure having a metal layer formed on a substrate by a silver mirror reaction as an emblem that has metallic luster and can transmit radio waves.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a radio wave transmission member, an emblem, and an object detection structure in which transmission attenuation of radio waves is suppressed.
- a radio wave transmitting member comprising an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer in this order, wherein the intermediate layer contains an elastic body, and the elastic body is always in a compressed state.
- ⁇ 5> The radio wave transmitting member according to ⁇ 4>, wherein the metal layer is provided between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or between the inner layer and the intermediate layer.
- ⁇ 6> The radio wave transmitting member according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, for transmitting radio waves having a frequency of 20 GHz to 300 GHz.
- An object detection structure comprising: the radio wave transmitting member according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>; and a device for radiating radio waves toward the radio wave transmitting member.
- a radio wave transmission member an emblem, and an object detection structure that suppress transmission attenuation of radio waves are provided.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a radio wave transmitting member
- each component may contain multiple types of applicable substances.
- the content rate or content of each component is the total content rate or content of the multiple types of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. means quantity.
- the particles corresponding to each component may include multiple types of particles.
- the term “layer” or “film” refers to the case where the layer or film is formed in the entire region when observing the region where the layer or film is present, and only a part of the region. It also includes the case where it is formed.
- (meth)acryl is a term used as a concept that includes both acryl and methacryl.
- a radio wave transmitting member of the present disclosure includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer in this order, the intermediate layer including an elastic body, and the elastic body being always in a compressed state.
- the radio wave transmitting member of the present disclosure has a structure in which an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer are laminated in this order for reasons such as ensuring strength and molding process. Since each layer constituting the radio wave transmitting member changes in volume due to changes in temperature or the like, a gap may occur between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or between the inner layer and the intermediate layer. If there is a gap between the outer layer and the intermediate layer, or between the inner layer and the intermediate layer, radio waves may be reflected at the boundary between the layers, increasing the attenuation of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmitting member. be.
- the intermediate layer contains an elastic body.
- the deformation of this elastic body according to the change in the distance between the outer layer and the inner layer suppresses the formation of a gap between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or between the inner layer and the intermediate layer. be.
- attenuation of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmitting member is effectively suppressed.
- it becomes easier to independently select suitable materials for each of the outer layer, the intermediate layer, and the inner layer for example, materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion).
- elastic body means an object that has the property of being deformable according to changes in the distance between the outer layer and the inner layer.
- Deformation of the elastic body includes deformation (compression) according to the reduction of the distance between the outer layer and the inner layer and deformation (restoration) according to the increase of the distance between the outer layer and the inner layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the radio wave transmitting member.
- the radio wave transmitting member 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes an outer layer 1, an intermediate layer 2 and an inner layer 3 in this order, and transmits radio waves emitted from a radio wave emitting device (not shown) and reflects them from an object. permeate the radio waves
- the outer layer 1 is arranged on the opposite side of the device that irradiates the radio wave transmitting member 10 with radio waves.
- the inner layer 3 is arranged on the side facing the device that irradiates the radio wave transmitting member with radio waves.
- the intermediate layer 2 contains an elastic body, which is deformable according to the change of the distance L between the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 .
- the elastic body contained in the intermediate layer is always compressed in order to suppress the formation of a gap between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or between the inner layer and the intermediate layer. state.
- a state in which the elastic body contained in the intermediate layer is always compressed means that the thickness of the elastic body when placed between the outer layer and the inner layer is not placed between the outer layer and the inner layer (that is, This can be obtained by designing the thickness of the intermediate layer so that it is always smaller than the thickness of the elastic body when no stress is applied to the elastic body.
- the elastic body "always in a compressed state” means, for example, that the elastic body is in a compressed state over the entire temperature range of the environment in which the radio wave transmitting member is used.
- the volume ratio of the elastic body to the volume of the intermediate layer should be 70% or more. It is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 100%.
- the outer layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer each contain a resin (however, the resin contained in the intermediate layer is an elastic body).
- thermosetting resins thermoplastic resins, and synthetic rubbers are examples of resins that can be contained in the outer layer, the intermediate layer, and the inner layer.
- the resin contained in the intermediate layer may be in a foamed state in order to impart properties as an elastic body.
- Thermoplastic resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl polymer, polyester, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin (ABS resin), (meth)acrylic resin, acrylonitrile. - Ethylene-propylene-diene-styrene copolymer resin (AES resin), thermoplastic elastomer and the like.
- Thermosetting resins include silicone resins, urethane resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, and urea resins.
- Synthetic rubbers include ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), silicone rubber , urethane rubber, and the like.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- IR isoprene rubber
- BR butadiene rubber
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CR chloroprene rubber
- silicone rubber silicone rubber
- PC polypropylene
- ABS resin polypropylene
- (meth)acrylic resin and AES resin are preferred, and PC, polypropylene and ABS resin are more preferred.
- PC has high impact resistance, excellent heat resistance, and high transparency.
- PC is easy to process, relatively light among resins, and strong.
- Polypropylene is relatively light among resins and easy to process.
- polypropylene has high tensile strength, impact strength and compression strength, and is excellent in weather resistance and heat resistance.
- ABS resin is relatively easy to be surface-treated and easy to be painted after molding.
- ABS resin is excellent in chemical resistance, rigidity, impact resistance, heat resistance and cold resistance.
- the outer layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer each independently contain a resin
- the outer layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer may contain only the resin or may contain the resin and components other than the resin.
- Components other than the resin include inorganic particles, colorants, antistatic agents, and the like.
- the content of the resin in the outer layer, the intermediate layer, and the inner layer is preferably 60% by mass or more. It is more preferably at least 80% by mass, particularly preferably at least 90% by mass.
- the thicknesses of the outer layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer are not particularly limited as long as the elastic body contained in the intermediate layer is always in a compressed state. can be set according to
- the thickness of the outer layer may be 1.5 mm to 6.0 mm, 1.8 mm to 4.5 mm, or 2.0 mm to 4.0 mm.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer may be 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, or 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm.
- the thickness of the inner layer may be 1.5 mm to 6.0 mm, 1.8 mm to 5.5 mm, or 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the relative permittivity thereof may be independently 2.0 to 3.3, or 2.3 to 2.9. Well, it may be 2.5 to 2.8.
- the radio wave transmitting member or the thickness of each layer constituting the radio wave transmitting member means the dimension in the stacking direction of each layer constituting the radio wave transmitting member.
- the radio wave transmitting member and the thickness of each layer constituting the radio wave transmitting member can be measured by a known method. For example, it may be measured by observing a cut surface of the radio wave transmitting member, or may be measured using a microtome or the like.
- the radio wave transmitting member may have a metal layer that can transmit radio waves.
- the radio wave transmitting member can be given a metallic luster.
- the radio wave transmitting member has a metal layer capable of transmitting radio waves
- the metal layer capable of transmitting radio waves is preferably provided between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or between the inner layer and the intermediate layer.
- a metal layer that can transmit radio waves includes a film containing metal particles. When the metal particles contain the metal particles, radio waves can pass through the gaps between the metal particles.
- the metal layer may be a metal layer containing silver particles.
- a metal layer containing silver particles can be formed by, for example, a silver mirror reaction.
- a method of forming a metal layer by a silver mirror reaction includes a method of bringing an ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution and a reducing agent aqueous solution into contact on a substrate. This causes an oxidation-reduction reaction to deposit silver particles, forming a metal layer containing silver particles on the substrate.
- the member that will be the outer layer may be used as the base material
- the inner layer You may use the member which becomes as a base material.
- the thickness of the metal layer is preferably 1000 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or less, and even more preferably 100 nm or less. From the viewpoint of imparting sufficient metallic luster to the radio wave transmitting member, the thickness of the metal layer is preferably 10 nm or more.
- the outer layer or the inner layer and the metal layer are separated from each other in order to increase the adhesion between the outer layer or the inner layer and the metal layer.
- An undercoat layer may be provided in between.
- a protective layer may be provided on the metal layer to protect the surface of the metal layer.
- the undercoat layer or protective layer includes a layer containing a resin, and the resin includes fluorine resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, acrylic silicone resin, acrylic urethane resin, and the like.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer or protective layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m independently.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer or protective layer is 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, the effect of suppressing attenuation of radio waves can be sufficiently obtained by controlling the thicknesses of the outer layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer.
- the type of radio wave transmitted through the radio wave transmitting member is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, millimeter waves.
- millimeter wave means radio waves with a frequency of 20 GHz to 300 GHz.
- the radio wave transmission member of the present disclosure is particularly useful for reducing transmission attenuation of millimeter waves.
- An emblem of the present disclosure is an emblem including the radio wave transmitting member described above.
- the emblem of the present disclosure suppresses attenuation of transmitted radio waves. Therefore, for example, even if the emblem is attached to the front of an automobile equipped with a transmitter/receiver for millimeter wave radar, the transmitting/receiving function of the millimeter wave radar is maintained satisfactorily.
- the emblem of the present disclosure is attached to the vehicle body so that the outer layer side of the radio wave transmitting member faces outward.
- the emblem may have a concavo-convex shape for expressing characters, designs, and the like.
- the object detection structure of the present disclosure includes the above-described radio wave transmitting member and a device that emits radio waves toward the radio wave transmitting member.
- the object detection structure of the present disclosure since attenuation of radio waves is suppressed by the radio wave transmitting member, excellent object detection performance is exhibited.
- the object detection structure of the present disclosure can be suitably used, for example, in an automatic collision avoidance system for automobiles (preferably an automatic collision avoidance system using millimeter waves).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
自動衝突回避システムは、車載カメラの画像データ及びミリ波レーダーによる対象物との相対距離情報を用いて自動的にブレーキをかけるものである。
自動車のエンブレムは一般に、樹脂等の基材上に金属光沢を表現するための金属層が形成された構造を有する。例えば、特許文献1には、金属光沢を有し、かつ電波を透過可能なエンブレムとして、基材上に銀鏡反応により形成された金属層を有する構造体が開示されている。
本開示は上記事情に鑑み、電波の透過減衰が抑制される電波透過部材、エンブレム及び対象物検知構造を提供することを目的とする。
<1>アウター層、中間層及びインナー層をこの順に備え、前記中間層は弾性体を含み、前記弾性体は常に圧縮された状態である、電波透過部材。
<2>前記中間層は発泡した状態の樹脂を含む、<1>に記載の電波透過部材。
<3>前記アウター層及び前記インナー層はそれぞれ樹脂を含む、<1>又は<2>に記載の電波透過部材。
<4>電波を透過可能な金属層をさらに含む、<1>~<3>のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材。
<5>前記金属層は前記アウター層と前記中間層の間又は前記インナー層と前記中間層の間に設けられる、<4>に記載の電波透過部材。
<6>周波数が20GHz~300GHzである電波を透過させるための、<1>~<5>のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材。
<7><1>~<6>のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材を含む、エンブレム。
<8><1>~<6>のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材と、前記電波透過部材に向けて電波を照射する装置と、備える、対象物検知構造。
本開示中に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、一つの数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、他の段階的な記載の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。また、本開示中に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。
本開示において、各成分には、該当する物質が複数種含まれていてもよい。組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数種存在する場合、各成分の含有率又は含有量は、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数種の物質の合計の含有率又は含有量を意味する。
本開示において、各成分に該当する粒子には、複数種の粒子が含まれていてもよい。
本開示において「層」又は「膜」との語には、当該層又は膜が存在する領域を観察したときに、当該領域の全体に形成されている場合に加え、当該領域の一部にのみ形成されている場合も含まれる。
本開示において、「(メタ)アクリル」は、アクリル及びメタクリルの両方を包含する概念で用いられる語である。
本開示の電波透過部材は、アウター層、中間層及びインナー層をこの順に備え、前記中間層は弾性体を含み、前記弾性体は常に圧縮された状態である、電波透過部材である。
電波透過部材を構成する各層は温度変化等によって体積が変化するため、アウター層と中間層との間、又はインナー層と中間層との間に空隙が生じる場合がある。アウター層と中間層との間、又はインナー層と中間層との間に空隙があると、各層の境界で電波の反射が発生して電波透過部材を透過する電波の減衰量が増大するおそれがある。
図1に示す電波透過部材10は、アウター層1、中間層2及びインナー層3をこの順に備え、電波を照射する装置(図示せず)から照射される電波を透過するとともに、対象物から反射された電波を透過する。
アウター層1は、電波透過部材10に電波を照射する装置からみて逆側に配置されている。インナー層3は、電波透過部材に電波を照射する装置と対向する側に配置されている。中間層2は弾性体を含み、弾性体はアウター層1とインナー層3の間の距離Lの変化に応じて変形可能である。
中間層に含まれる弾性体が常に圧縮された状態は、アウター層とインナー層との間に配置したときの弾性体の厚みが、アウター層とインナー層との間に配置していない(すなわち、弾性体に応力がかかっていない)ときの弾性体の厚みよりも常に小さくなるように中間層の厚みを設計することで得られる。
上記において弾性体が「常に圧縮された状態」とは、例えば、電波透過部材が使用される環境の全温度範囲において弾性体が圧縮された状態であることを意味する。
弾性体としての性質を付与するために、中間層に含まれる樹脂は発泡した状態であってもよい。
PCは、耐衝撃性が高く、耐熱性に優れ、透明性が高い。また、PCは、加工しやすく、樹脂の中でも比較的軽く、丈夫である。
ポリプロピレンは、樹脂の中でも比較的軽く、加工しやすい。また、ポリプロピレンは、引張強度、衝撃強度及び圧縮強度が高く、耐候性及び耐熱性に優れている。
ABS樹脂は、比較的表面処理を施しやすく、成形後に塗装等を施しやすい。また、ABS樹脂は耐薬品性、剛性、耐衝撃性、耐熱性及び耐寒性に優れている。
樹脂以外の成分としては、無機粒子、着色剤、帯電防止剤等が挙げられる。
アウター層、中間層及びインナー層がそれぞれ独立に樹脂と樹脂以外の成分とを含む場合、アウター層、中間層及びインナー層に含まれる樹脂の含有率は60質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、80質量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、90質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。
アウター層の厚みは、1.5mm~6.0mmであってもよく、1.8mm~4.5mmであってもよく、2.0mm~4.0mmであってもよい。
中間層の厚みは、0.1mm~3.0mmであってもよく、0.3mm~1.5mmであってもよく、0.5mm~1.0mmであってもよい。
インナー層の厚みは、1.5mm~6.0mmであってもよく、1.8mm~5.5であってもよく、2.0mm~5.0mmであってもよい。
本開示において電波透過部材及び電波透過部材を構成する各層の厚みは、公知の手法で測定できる。例えば、電波透過部材の切断面を観察して測定してもよく、ミクロトーム等を用いて測定してもよい。
銀鏡反応により金属層を形成する方法としては、アンモニア性硝酸銀水溶液と還元剤水溶液とを基材上で接触させる方法が挙げられる。これにより酸化還元反応が生じて銀粒子が析出し、銀粒子を含む金属層が基材上に形成される。
上記方法によりアウター層と中間層の間に金属層を設ける場合は、アウター層となる部材を基材として用いてもよく、インナー層と中間層の間に金属層を設ける場合は、インナー層となる部材を基材として用いてもよい。
電波透過部材に充分な金属光沢を付与する観点から、金属層の厚みは10nm以上であることが好ましい。
あるいは、金属層の表面を保護するために、金属層の上に保護層を備えてもよい。
本開示のエンブレムは、上述した電波透過部材を含む、エンブレムである。
本開示のエンブレムは、透過する電波の減衰が抑制されている。このため、例えば、ミリ波レーダーの送受信機が搭載された自動車の前方にエンブレムを装着してもミリ波レーダーの送受信機能が良好に維持される。
エンブレムは、文字、意匠等を表現するための凹凸形状を有していてもよい。
本開示の対象物検知構造は、上述した電波透過部材と、前記電波透過部材に向けて電波を照射する装置と、備える。本開示の対象物検知構造では、電波透過部材による電波の減衰が抑制されているため、優れた対象物の検知性能を示す。
Claims (8)
- アウター層、中間層及びインナー層をこの順に備え、前記中間層は弾性体を含み、前記弾性体は常に圧縮された状態である、電波透過部材。
- 前記中間層は発泡した状態の樹脂を含む、請求項1に記載の電波透過部材。
- 前記アウター層及び前記インナー層はそれぞれ樹脂を含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電波透過部材。
- 電波を透過可能な金属層をさらに含む、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材。
- 前記金属層は前記アウター層と前記中間層の間又は前記インナー層と前記中間層の間に設けられる、請求項4に記載の電波透過部材。
- 周波数が20GHz~300GHzである電波を透過させるための、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材。
- 請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材を含む、エンブレム。
- 請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の電波透過部材と、前記電波透過部材に向けて電波を照射する装置と、備える、対象物検知構造。
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JP2003019765A (ja) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-21 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 金属調塗装塗膜及びその製造方法 |
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