WO2023035621A1 - 一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法及建筑防水*** - Google Patents

一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法及建筑防水*** Download PDF

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WO2023035621A1
WO2023035621A1 PCT/CN2022/088344 CN2022088344W WO2023035621A1 WO 2023035621 A1 WO2023035621 A1 WO 2023035621A1 CN 2022088344 W CN2022088344 W CN 2022088344W WO 2023035621 A1 WO2023035621 A1 WO 2023035621A1
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layer
waterproof
adhesive film
melt adhesive
base
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PCT/CN2022/088344
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邹先华
童秋亲
张强
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深圳市卓宝科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023035621A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035621A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a method for defoaming waterproof coatings based on hot-melt adhesive films and a building waterproof system.
  • Building waterproofing is a measure taken from the building materials and structure to prevent water from penetrating certain parts of the building.
  • the waterproof coating heated to high temperature such as asphalt rubber
  • the base surface On the surface, a waterproof layer will be formed after cooling and solidification, but when the high-temperature waterproof coating is laid on the base surface of a loose structure such as concrete or wood, it will instantly heat the base surface, causing the air in the base surface of the loose structure to expand and absorb moisture.
  • Hot air defoaming heating the base surface to reduce the temperature difference between the waterproof coating and the base surface to reduce the generation of penetrating bubbles
  • Mechanical defoaming Vibrating to destroy the waterproof layer before cooling the waterproof layer
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method for defoaming waterproof coatings based on hot-melt adhesive films, which includes step 1: base treatment; step 2: laying hot-melt adhesive films; step 3, laying waterproof Coating; the waterproof coating defoaming method based on the hot melt adhesive film has the functions of almost eliminating penetrating air bubbles in the waterproof layer, ensuring the bonding strength between the first waterproof layer and the base layer, and ensuring the strength of the first waterproof layer
  • step 1 base treatment
  • step 2 laying hot-melt adhesive films
  • step 3 laying waterproof Coating
  • a kind of waterproof paint defoaming method based on hot-melt adhesive film comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Preprocessing the base layer
  • Step 2 laying a hot melt adhesive film on the surface of the base layer to form a defoaming layer
  • Step 3 Laying high-temperature waterproof paint on the surface of the defoaming layer to form a first waterproof layer.
  • the waterproof coating is laid on the surface of the hot melt adhesive film at the same time, by setting in this way, the process of laying the hot melt adhesive film and laying the waterproof coating
  • the steps are carried out at the same time to avoid problems such as the hot melt adhesive film being blown away by the wind, wrinkles, and disobedience, thereby improving construction efficiency.
  • the temperature of described waterproof coating is not lower than the melting point of described hot-melt adhesive film, by setting like this, the temperature of described waterproof coating heats described hot-melt adhesive film to melt, Make the hot-melt adhesive film viscous, so that the bonding between the base layer and the first waterproof layer; if the temperature of the waterproof coating is lower than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film, the temperature of the waterproof coating is not enough to completely The melting of the hot-melt adhesive film results in poor bonding strength between the first waterproof layer and the base layer, and the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance of the first waterproof layer cannot be guaranteed.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film includes one or more combinations of EVA adhesive film, PA adhesive film, PES adhesive film, PO adhesive film, TPU adhesive film or EAA adhesive film.
  • EVA adhesive film As preferably, the hot-melt adhesive film includes one or more combinations of EVA adhesive film, PA adhesive film, PES adhesive film, PO adhesive film, TPU adhesive film or EAA adhesive film.
  • PA adhesive film As preferably, PA adhesive film, PES adhesive film, PO adhesive film, TPU adhesive film or EAA adhesive film.
  • the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film is higher than 50°C, and the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is greater than 20 ⁇ m.
  • the temperature of the base layer is very high, which will cause the hot-melt adhesive film to be laid on the surface of the base layer, and the waterproof coating will be destroyed by the temperature of the base layer before laying it.
  • Step 4 laying a grid base on the surface of the first waterproof layer to form a first base, laying the waterproof paint on the surface of the first base to form a second waterproof layer, ..., in On the surface of the N-1th waterproof layer, a grid base is laid to form the N-1th base layer, and the waterproof coating is laid on the surface of the N-1th base layer to form the Nth waterproof layer, where N is greater than or a positive integer equal to 2;
  • the multi-layer waterproof layer can further improve the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance, and the base layer can enhance the structural strength of the multi-layer waterproof layer.
  • the waterproof coating is a modified asphalt compound
  • the first waterproof layer, the second waterproof layer, ..., the N-1th waterproof layer and the Nth waterproof layer are all modified Asphalt rubber layer
  • the thickness of the first waterproof layer, the second waterproof layer, ..., the N-1th waterproof layer and the Nth waterproof layer are all between 0.3-4mm, through this The waterproof and anticorrosion performance of the modified asphalt compound layer is good.
  • the grid base is one or a mixture of polyester felt, glass fiber felt, glass fiber grid cloth and cotton mixed fiber non-woven fabric.
  • the grid base can Strengthen the structural strength between two adjacent waterproof layers.
  • Step 5 laying a protective layer paint on the surface of the Nth waterproof layer, and curing to form a protective layer;
  • Step 6 paving a functional coating on the surface of the protective layer, to be cured to form a functional layer;
  • the protective layer can protect the first waterproof layer to the Nth waterproof layer, and improve the waterproof and anticorrosion performance, and the functional layer can add additional performance to the building waterproof system.
  • the thickness of the protective layer and the functional layer are both between 0.5-3mm.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a building waterproof system formed based on the above-mentioned waterproof coating defoaming method, which includes the base layer and the defoaming layer in turn, and the defoaming layer includes a hot melt adhesive film.
  • the surface of the bubble layer is sequentially provided with a first waterproof layer.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film can isolate the air and water vapor in the base layer, so that there are almost no penetrating air bubbles in the waterproof layer, and the defoaming rate is as high as 90-100%.
  • the following hot-melt adhesive film has viscosity, so that the first waterproof layer and the base layer are bonded together, and the bonding strength between the first waterproof layer and the base layer is ensured, and the adhesion of the first waterproof layer is ensured. Waterproof and anticorrosion performance.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film is easy to construct, reduces the additional construction process for removing penetrating air bubbles, and greatly improves construction efficiency.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film has the characteristics of good flexibility and strong compliance, and can be cut at will. It is suitable for various special-shaped parts such as wall corners, pipe roots, floor drains, etc., and improves the construction efficiency of special-shaped parts.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film has high tensile strength, which can enhance the structural strength of the first waterproof layer.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the waterproof layer surface that adopts background technology building waterproof construction method to form
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the surface of the waterproof layer formed by the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of a single-layer waterproof layer formed by the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the double-layer waterproof layer formed by the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the three-layer waterproof layer formed by the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the four-layer waterproof layer formed by the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an asphalt distributing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an asphalt distributor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a distribution hopper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of A-A in Fig. 9 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is one of the schematic diagrams of the process of testing the thickness of asphalt paving according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is the second schematic diagram of the process of testing the thickness of asphalt paving according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • present embodiment discloses a kind of waterproof coating defoaming method based on hot melt adhesive film, comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Preprocessing the base layer 11;
  • Step 2 laying a hot melt adhesive film on the surface of the base layer 11 to form a defoaming layer 12;
  • Step 3 Laying high-temperature waterproof paint on the surface of the defoaming layer 12 to form the first waterproof layer 13 .
  • the base layer 11 is the base surface of the building.
  • the pretreatment of the base layer 11 includes chiseling off the raised concrete blocks of the base layer 11, removing impurities in the base layer 11, cleaning up dust, and keeping the base layer 11 dry.
  • the waterproof coating is laid on the surface of the hot-melt adhesive film at the same time, that is, the steps of laying the hot-melt adhesive film and laying the waterproof coating are carried out at the same time, so as to prevent the hot-melt adhesive film from being blown away by the wind, Problems such as wrinkles and disobedience appear, thereby improving construction efficiency.
  • the waterproof coating is continuously heated.
  • the temperature of the waterproof coating is not lower than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film, and the temperature of the waterproof coating heats the hot-melt adhesive film to melt.
  • the adhesive film has viscosity, so that the bonding between the base layer 11 and the first waterproof layer 13; if the temperature of the waterproof coating is lower than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film, the temperature of the waterproof coating is not enough to completely melt the hot-melt adhesive film, resulting in the first
  • the bonding strength between the waterproof layer 13 and the base layer 11 is poor, and the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance of the first waterproof layer 13 cannot be guaranteed.
  • the temperature of the waterproof coating is 20-40°C higher than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film, so as to ensure that the temperature of the waterproof coating is sufficient to fully heat the hot-melt adhesive film to melt, thereby ensuring the viscosity of the hot-melt adhesive film and ensuring the adhesion between the base layer 11 and the first layer.
  • the bonding strength between the first waterproof layer 13 is good, which further ensures the waterproof and anticorrosion performance of the first waterproof layer 13; if the temperature of the waterproof coating is higher than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film and is less than 20°C, it cannot be guaranteed that the temperature of the waterproof coating is sufficient.
  • the temperature of the waterproof coating is 40°C higher than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film, on the premise that the waterproof coating is sufficient to melt the hot-melt adhesive film, the temperature of the waterproof coating is too high. High not only consumes excessive energy, resulting in energy waste, but also lengthens the time to wait for the waterproof coating to cool and solidify, prolongs the construction time and reduces construction efficiency.
  • Hot-melt adhesive film includes one or more combinations of EVA adhesive film, PA adhesive film, PES adhesive film, PO adhesive film, TPU adhesive film or EAA adhesive film. , Low material cost, lower production cost.
  • the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film is higher than 50°C, and the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is greater than 20 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is less than 20 ⁇ m or the melting point is lower than 50°C, the temperature of the base layer 11 is very high during outdoor construction in summer. After the hot melt adhesive film is laid on the surface of the base layer 11, it will be destroyed by the temperature of the base layer 11 before the waterproof coating is laid, and the effect of isolating the air and water vapor in the base layer 11 cannot be achieved.
  • the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film is between 50-200°C, and the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is between 20-70 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is greater than 70 ⁇ m or the melting point is higher than 200°C, it is difficult to ensure the waterproof coating The temperature can reach higher than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film, so that the temperature of the waterproof coating is not enough to completely melt the hot-melt adhesive film, the bonding strength between the first waterproof layer 13 and the base layer 11 is poor, and the first waterproof layer 13 cannot be guaranteed. Waterproof and anti-corrosion performance, or heating the temperature of the waterproof coating higher than the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film requires a lot of energy.
  • the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is between 30-50 ⁇ m, and the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film is 70-130 ° C between, in this embodiment, the thickness of the hot-melt adhesive film is 40 ⁇ m, and the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive film is 100° C.
  • the waterproof coating defoaming method also includes the following steps:
  • Step 4 Lay grid base on the surface of the first waterproof layer 13 to form the first base base 15, lay waterproof paint on the surface of the first base base 15 to form the second waterproof layer 14, ..., the Nth On the surface of the -1 waterproof layer, the grid base is laid to form the N-1 base base 15, and the waterproof paint is laid on the surface of the N-1 base base 15 to form the N waterproof layer, and N is a positive value greater than or equal to 2. integer;
  • the multi-layer waterproof layer can further improve the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance, and the base layer 15 can enhance the structural strength of the multi-layer waterproof layer.
  • the waterproof coating is a modified asphalt rubber compound.
  • the first waterproof layer 13, the second waterproof layer 14, ..., the N-1 waterproof layer and the Nth waterproof layer are all modified asphalt rubber layers.
  • the glue material is a kind of glue material for asphalt-based waterproofing system disclosed by the applicant in CN111647276A, which is not repeated here, and the first waterproof layer 13, the second waterproof layer 14, ..., the N-1 waterproof
  • the thickness of the first layer and the Nth waterproof layer are both between 0.3-4mm, and the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance of the modified asphalt rubber layer is good.
  • the thicknesses of the first waterproof layer 13 , the second waterproof layer 14 , . . . , the N-1th waterproof layer and the Nth waterproof layer are all 2mm.
  • the grid base is one or a mixture of polyester felt, glass fiber felt, glass fiber mesh cloth and cotton mixed fiber non-woven fabric.
  • the rubber material permeates the grid base and is firmly bonded to the modified asphalt rubber of the N-1 waterproof layer.
  • the grid base can strengthen the gap between the two adjacent layers, that is, the N-1 waterproof layer and the N waterproof layer. Structural strength.
  • the waterproof coating defoaming method also includes the following steps:
  • Step 5 Laying protective layer 16 paint on the surface of the Nth waterproof layer, to be cured to form protective layer 16;
  • Step 6 laying a functional coating on the surface of the protective layer 16, to be cured to form a functional layer 17;
  • the protective layer 16 can protect the first waterproof layer 13 to the Nth waterproof layer, and improve the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance, and the functional layer 17 can add additional performance to the building waterproof system.
  • the composition of the protective layer 16 is the same as the composition of the protective layer 16 in a coating for asphalt-based pre-paved waterproofing system disclosed by the applicant in CN111574864A, which is not repeated here.
  • the protective layer 16 can be A dense layer is formed on the surface of the Nth waterproof layer, which can effectively prevent the migration of oil and the like contained in the modified asphalt compound of the Nth waterproof layer, protect the first waterproof layer 13 to the Nth waterproof layer, and block The penetration of external moisture further improves the waterproof and anti-corrosion performance.
  • the functional layer 17 includes a paint layer or a sand grain layer with functions of anti-adhesion, inter-adhesion, thermal insulation or radiation protection, which can increase the effect of anti-adhesion, mutual adhesion, thermal insulation or radiation for the building waterproof system.
  • the composition of the functional layer 17 is the same as the composition of the functional layer 17 in the coating for an asphalt-based pre-paved waterproof system disclosed by the applicant in CN111574864A, and will not be repeated here.
  • the layer 17 and the protective layer 16 are compounded with the same material, and have good integrity, and achieve mutual adhesion with the post-cast concrete body, and the bonding effect is significantly improved.
  • the thicknesses of the protective layer 16 and the functional layer 17 are both between 0.5-3 mm. In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the protective layer 16 and the functional layer 17 are both 2 mm.
  • the applicant used the building waterproof construction method of the background technology and the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention to carry out multiple tests, and after laying each waterproof layer, statistics were made on the The average value of penetrating bubbles in the waterproof layer can be seen from Figure 1.
  • the surface of the waterproof layer using the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention is smooth and smooth, almost without penetrating bubbles, and the specific statistical results are shown in Table 1 below:
  • Table 1 Statistical table of penetrating bubbles in building waterproofing system
  • experimental item 1 is to adopt the building waterproof construction method of background technology to test
  • experimental item 2 is to adopt the waterproof coating defoaming method of the present invention to test
  • the bonding strength is the strength when the sample is pulled and layered perpendicular to the surface of the base layer 11;
  • Penetrating bubbles refer to bubbles penetrating the waterproof layer.
  • the waterproof layer is facing the light source, light spots will be formed on the back of the light source. The bright spots can be observed with the naked eye, forming penetrating bubbles penetrating the waterproof layer, which will seriously affect the strength and waterproof and anti-corrosion performance of the waterproof layer.
  • the hot melt adhesive film when laying high-temperature waterproof coating, can isolate the air and water vapor in the base layer 11, so that almost no penetrating bubbles are generated in the waterproof layer, and the defoaming rate is as high as 90-100% %, and the hot melt adhesive film has viscosity at high temperature, so that the first waterproof layer 13 and the base layer 11 are bonded together, and the bonding strength between the first waterproof layer 13 and the base layer 11 is ensured, so as to ensure the waterproof and anticorrosion of the first waterproof layer 13 performance.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film is convenient for construction, reducing the additional construction process for removing penetrating air bubbles, and greatly improving the construction efficiency.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film has the characteristics of good flexibility and strong compliance, and can be cut at will. It is suitable for various special-shaped parts such as wall corners, pipe roots, and floor drains, which improves the construction efficiency of special-shaped parts.
  • the hot-melt adhesive film has high tensile strength, which can enhance the structural strength of the first waterproof layer 13 .
  • This embodiment also discloses a building waterproof system formed based on the above-mentioned defoaming method for waterproof coatings, which includes a base layer 11 and a defoaming layer 12 in turn.
  • the defoaming layer includes a hot melt adhesive film, and the surface of the defoaming layer 12 is provided with a A waterproof layer 13.
  • the surface of the first waterproof layer 13 is provided with the second waterproof layer 14, ..., the Nth waterproof layer in sequence, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and the first waterproof layer 13 and the second waterproof layer 14 , ..., between the N-1 waterproof layer and the N waterproof layer, a base layer 15 is provided.
  • a protective layer 16 and a functional layer 17 are sequentially provided on the surface of the Nth waterproof layer.
  • the defoaming method of waterproof coating can use asphalt distribution machine to lay modified asphalt rubber.
  • the asphalt distribution machine includes frame 6, travel drive device 2, hydraulic The pump, the asphalt storage tank 4 and the asphalt distributor 5, the travel driving device 2 are arranged at the bottom of the frame 6, the asphalt storage tank 4 and the hydraulic pump are arranged on the frame 6, and the outlet of the asphalt storage tank 4 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump.
  • the inlet is connected, the outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected with the inlet of the asphalt distributor 5;
  • the asphalt storage tank 4 is a kind of asphalt storage tank 4 disclosed by the applicant in CN213590237U, and will not be repeated here;
  • the asphalt distributor 5 comprises a distributing hopper 51, and the profile of the distributing hopper is roughly cuboid.
  • the flow direction is provided with a feed chamber 513 and a discharge chamber 514 in sequence.
  • the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 are both rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the top of the feed cavity 513 forms the feed inlet of the material distribution hopper 51
  • the outlet of the hydraulic pump communicates with the feed cavity 513
  • the bottom end of the feed cavity 513 communicates with the top of the discharge cavity 514
  • the outlet The bottom of the material chamber 514 is communicated with the bottom of the material distribution hopper 51, that is, the bottom of the material discharge chamber 514 extends to the bottom of the material distribution hopper 51, and the bottom of the material discharge chamber 514 forms the discharge port of the material distribution hopper 51.
  • the length of chamber 513 and discharge chamber 514 is equal, the thickness dimension of discharge chamber 514 is T1, the height dimension of discharge chamber 514 is H1, the ratio D1 of H1 to T1 is between 20 ⁇ 30, the thickness of feed chamber 513 The size is T2, and the ratio D2 of T2 to T1 is between 5 and 10.
  • the modified asphalt rubber is transported from the asphalt storage tank 4 to the asphalt distributor 5, and the modified asphalt rubber enters the distribution hopper 51, passes through the feeding chamber 513 and After the effect of the discharge chamber 514, since D2 is between 5 and 10, the change of the flow cross-sectional area of the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 can increase the flow velocity of the modified asphalt compound, and D1 is between 20 and 30 During the period, due to the existence of impurity particles or carbonization in the modified asphalt compound, asphalt particles are generated, even if the particles are stuck between the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514, the modified asphalt compound passes through the particles.
  • the height dimension H1 of the discharge cavity 514 ensures that the modified asphalt rubber has enough flow distance to merge, so that it can be uniformly extruded from the discharge port, and the variable flow section is small, ensuring that the flow speed of the modified asphalt rubber meets the construction requirements.
  • the flow resistance of the modified asphalt rubber is small, which is convenient for construction and high in construction efficiency, and the requirements for the pump are not high; if D1 is less than 20, the height H1 of the discharge chamber 514 is small, and the thickness dimension T1 is large.
  • the modified asphalt rubber is not easy to merge due to the large space of the discharge chamber 514, or the H1 is small, and the modified asphalt rubber does not have enough distance to merge, resulting in the modification of the modified asphalt rubber.
  • the bifurcation phenomenon occurs when the material is extruded from the discharge port, and the uniformity is poor. If D1 is greater than 30, the height dimension H1 of the discharge chamber 514 is larger, and the thickness dimension T1 is smaller, resulting in better particles being stuck in the feed chamber.
  • the thickness dimension of the feeding chamber 513 is T2, and the ratio D2 of T2 to T1 is between 5 and 10.
  • the feeding chamber 513 The change of the flow cross-sectional area of the discharge chamber 514 can increase the flow velocity of the modified asphalt compound, increase the flow rate of the modified asphalt compound to a certain extent, and further improve the construction efficiency. If D2 is less than 5, the feed chamber 513 The flow cross-sectional area of the discharge chamber 514 does not change much, and the flow velocity of the modified asphalt compound cannot be effectively increased, and the flow rate decreases. If D2 is greater than 10, the flow cross-sectional area of the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 will change If it is too large, the flow resistance of the modified asphalt compound will increase.
  • the size range of H1 is between 40-60mm, the size range of T1 is between 1.5-3mm, and the size range of T2 is between 10-20mm. Within this range, the resistance of the distribution hopper 51 to the flow of the modified asphalt compound Relatively small, and can ensure the uniform extrusion of modified asphalt rubber.
  • the extrusion temperature of the modified asphalt rubber was set at 150°C, the pump speed was 1440r/min, and the pump power was 4KW, so that the modified asphalt rubber was laid on
  • the transverse direction refers to the width direction of the modified asphalt compound. Specifically, the transverse thickness test interval is 100mm.
  • Figure 11-12 below is a schematic diagram of the test process, and the test results are shown in Table 2 below:
  • the ratio D2 of T2 to T1 is between 6 and 8, and the ratio D1 of H1 to T1 is between 23 and 27.
  • the ratio D2 of T2 to T1 is 7.5, and the ratio D1 of H1 to T1 is 25.
  • the size range of H1 is between 45 mm and 55 mm
  • the size range of T1 is between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm
  • the size range of T2 is between 12 mm and 18 mm.
  • the size of H1 is 50 mm
  • the size range of T1 is 2mm in size and 15mm in T2.
  • a diversion chamber 515 is also provided in the distribution hopper 51, and the diversion chamber 515 is arranged between the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514, and the top of the diversion chamber 515 is connected with the bottom end of the feed chamber 513, and the diversion chamber 515 is connected to the bottom end of the feed chamber 513.
  • the thickness of the top of the flow chamber 515 is equal to the thickness T2 of the feed chamber 513
  • the bottom of the flow guide chamber 515 is connected to the top of the discharge chamber 514
  • the bottom of the flow guide chamber 515 is equal to the thickness T1 of the discharge chamber 514.
  • the side wall of the flow chamber 515 is inclined, and the diversion chamber 515 plays a diversion role for the modified asphalt rubber when it flows from the feed chamber 513 to the discharge chamber 514, and the modified asphalt rubber passes through the diversion chamber 515 and gradually transitions to In the discharge chamber 514, the resistance when the modified asphalt rubber flows is reduced, otherwise, due to the sudden change in the flow cross-sectional area of the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514, the flow resistance of the modified asphalt rubber increases, to a certain extent Reduce flow, not convenient for construction.
  • the height dimension of the diversion cavity 515 is that the numerical ratio D3 of H3 and D2 is between 1 and 2, and the height dimension H3 of the diversion cavity 515 is adjusted according to the ratio of D2, that is, the inclination of the diversion surface of the diversion cavity 515 is adjusted.
  • the ratio of D2 is large, that is, the thickness ratio between the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 is relatively large, the flow cross-sectional area of the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 has a large difference, and the value of D3 is optional Larger, that is, the size of H3 is larger, and the slope of the diversion chamber 515 is smaller, which can better guide the flow and effectively reduce the flow resistance of the modified asphalt compound;
  • D2 is relatively small, That is, the thickness ratio between the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 is small, and the flow cross-sectional area difference between the feed chamber 513 and the discharge chamber 514 is small, and the value of D3 can be selected to be smaller, that is, the size of H3 is small,
  • the slope of the diversion chamber 515 is relatively large to ensure that the flow resistance of the modified asphalt compound can be effectively reduced while avoiding too much height space; if the value of D3 is less than 1, the slope of the diversion chamber 515 will be too large , cannot effectively reduce the flow resistance
  • Distributing hopper 51 comprises left half distributing plate 511 and the right half distributing plate 512 that is connected with left half distributing plate 511, the relative surface of left half distributing plate 511 and right half distributing plate 512 is all provided with cavity, left half distributing plate 511 and The concave cavity of the right half distribution plate 512 forms the feeding cavity 513, the guide cavity 515 and the discharge cavity 514, the left half distribution plate 511 is located outside the concave cavity and has a plurality of connecting holes 517, and the left half distribution plate 511 is located in the concave cavity There are multiple reinforcement holes 518, the right half distribution plate 512 is provided with through holes corresponding to the connection holes 517 and reinforcement holes 518, the left half distribution plate 511 is screwed to the right half distribution plate 512, and the distribution bucket 51 is formed separately , it is convenient to process the feeding cavity 513, the diversion cavity 515 and the discharging cavity 514 of the distribution hopper 51, and the bolts are used to pass through the through holes of the right half
  • the reinforcing holes 518 are arranged on the left half of the distribution plate 511 located in the diversion chamber 515, and a plurality of reinforcing holes 518 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the left half of the distribution plate 511, which can ensure the strengthening of the connection strength of the distribution hopper 51 and avoid It will affect the uniformity of extruding the modified asphalt compound.
  • the flow pressure of the modified asphalt compound will mainly spread the distribution hopper 51 at the position of the discharge chamber 514.
  • the reinforcement hole 518 is arranged at the position of the feed chamber 513 When the left half of the distribution plate 511 is on, that is, the reinforcement hole 518 is far away from the discharge chamber 514, it cannot be well ensured to strengthen the part connecting the distribution hopper 51 located in the discharge chamber 514, and the flow pressure of the modified asphalt rubber may still be to a certain extent. Stretch the position of the discharge cavity 514; if the reinforcing hole 518 is arranged on the distribution hopper 51 positioned at the discharge cavity 514, although it can well strengthen the connection distribution hopper 51 and be positioned at the part of the discharge cavity 514, but due to the bolt Existence, the modified asphalt rubber material is cut off when flowing through the bolts, and bifurcation occurs.
  • the modified asphalt compound has a bifurcation phenomenon, which affects the uniformity of the extruded modified asphalt compound.
  • the asphalt distributor 5 also includes a switch assembly 52, the outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the inlet of the switch assembly 52, the switch assembly 52 and the distribution hopper 51 are connected through a branch distribution pipe 53, and the branch distribution pipe 53 includes a trunk inlet and a plurality of branch outlets , in this embodiment, the branch distribution pipe 53 includes two branch outlets, so as to avoid too many branches and increase the flow resistance of the modified asphalt compound, the main inlet of the branch distribution pipe 53 is connected with the outlet of the switch assembly 52, and the branch distribution pipe The branch outlet of 53 is connected to the feeding port of the distribution hopper 51, and the switch assembly 52 can control whether the modified asphalt rubber can be transported into the distribution hopper 51, and through the diversion effect of the branch distribution pipe 53, the modified asphalt rubber can be transferred from Multiple locations flow into the distribution hopper 51 to further improve the uniformity of the modified asphalt compound.
  • the trunk inlet of the branch distribution pipe 53 can be welded to the outlet of the switch assembly 52 or connected by a flange.
  • the branch distribution pipe 53 is provided with a connecting plate at the branch outlet, and the branch distribution pipe 53 is welded to the connecting plate.
  • the top of 51 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes 519, and the connecting plate is provided with through holes corresponding to the threaded holes 519 at the top of the distribution hopper 51.
  • the feed chamber 513 communicates.
  • a seal 39 is provided between the connection plate and the distribution hopper 51.
  • the seal 39 includes a silicone pad or a rubber ring to ensure the sealing between the connection plate and the distribution hopper 51, and prevent the modified asphalt rubber from entering the distribution pipe 53 from the branch. Occurred the situation of seepage when in the bucket 51.
  • the switch assembly 52 includes an electric gate valve, the technology of which is mature, and the material cost is low.
  • a heating element 54 is arranged outside the distribution hopper 51. Since the modified asphalt compound is a high-viscosity organic liquid, and the viscosity of the modified asphalt compound is inversely proportional to the temperature, the modified asphalt compound flows into the distribution hopper 51. There is heat loss during the process, which leads to a drop in temperature and an increase in viscosity.
  • the flow resistance of the modified asphalt compound is relatively large, which is not convenient for construction, and the modified asphalt compound is not easy to converge, and the uniformity of extrusion of the modified asphalt compound
  • the property is reduced, the modified asphalt rubber in the distribution hopper 51 is heated by the heating part 54, the temperature of the modified asphalt rubber is increased, the viscosity is reduced, the flow resistance of the modified asphalt rubber is reduced, and construction is facilitated.
  • the permanent asphalt compound can be uniformly extruded after gathering.
  • Heating member 54 comprises electric heating plate, and electric heating plate is arranged on the outer surface of left half distribution plate 511 and right half distribution plate 512, and electric heating plate is provided with through hole corresponding to connecting hole 517 one by one, and electric heating plate and distribution hopper 51 threads connect.
  • the hydraulic pump includes a screw pump 3, and the screw pump 3 includes a pumping motor 31, a screw rod 33, a screw blade 34, a feed pipe 32 and a bearing assembly 36, the screw blade 34 is sleeved outside the screw rod 33, and 32 sets of feed pipes Located outside the screw rod 33 and the screw blade 34, the pumping motor 31 is connected to one end of the feeding pipe 32, and the output shaft of the pumping motor 31 is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod 33, the outlet of the asphalt storage tank 4 is connected to the inlet of the feeding pipe 32 connection, the bearing assembly 36 is arranged on the other end of the feeding pipe 32, and the other end of the screw rod 33 is penetrated in the bearing assembly 36, specifically, the two ends of the feeding pipe 32 are provided with flanges, and the pumping motor 31 and the bearing assembly 36 are threadedly connected to the flanges at both ends of the feeding pipe 32, the outlet of the feeding pipe 32 is connected to the inlet of the asphalt distributor 5, the mechanical wear of the screw pump
  • a seal 39 is provided between the feed pipe 32 and the bearing assembly 36.
  • the seal 39 includes a silicone pad or a rubber ring.
  • the seal 39 improves the sealing performance of the joint between the other end of the feed pipe 32 and the bearing assembly 36 to avoid the modification of asphalt rubber. Corrosion of the bearing assembly 36 improves service life.
  • the other end of the screw 33 is covered with a reverse blade 35, that is, the direction of rotation of the reverse blade 35 is opposite to that of the screw blade 34, and in order to avoid affecting the flow of the modified asphalt compound from the outlet of the feeding pipe 32 to the asphalt distributor 5,
  • the reverse vane 35 is sleeved outside the screw 33 located at the outlet of the feeding pipe 32 to the other end of the feeding pipe 32.
  • the modified asphalt compound has a certain corrosion effect on the sealing member 39.
  • the sealing member 39 needs to be replaced regularly , the reverse vane 35 is provided to reversely transport the modified asphalt compound, preventing the modified asphalt compound from flowing to the other end of the feeding pipe 32 to corrode the bearing assembly 36, and the cooperation between the reverse vane 35 and the seal 39 is opposite to the bearing assembly 36 Play the role of double protection.
  • the outlet of the asphalt storage tank 4 is softly connected to the inlet of the feed pipe 32.
  • the outlet of the asphalt storage tank 4 is connected to the inlet of the feed pipe 32 through a foldable hose 37, and the asphalt storage tank 4 is provided with a lifting drive 38 , the output end of the lifting driver 38 is connected to the feeding pipe 32, and the feeding pipe 32 is driven by the lifting driver 38 to carry out lifting movement, thereby controlling the distance between the asphalt distributor 5 and the construction surface.
  • the lifting driver 38 includes a lifting cylinder, the piston rod of which is vertically downward, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the feed pipe 32 .
  • Walking drive device 2 comprises walking motor 21, speed reducer 22 and wheel assembly 23, and wheel assembly 23 is arranged on the bottom end of frame 6, and speed reducer 22 and walking motor 21 are arranged on the top of frame 6, and the output shaft of walking motor 21 It is coaxially fixedly connected with the input end of the speed reducer 22, and the output end of the speed reducer 22 is connected with the wheel assembly 23 through a transmission member 24.
  • the transmission member 24 includes a belt assembly or a chain assembly, and the belt assembly or chain assembly is a prior art, here No further details will be given.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1：对基层进行预处理；步骤2：在基层的表面铺设热熔胶膜形成消泡层；步骤3：在消泡层的表面上铺设高温的防水涂料，形成第一防水层。在本发明中，铺设高温的防水涂料时，热熔胶膜可隔绝基层中的空气及水蒸气，使防水层内几乎无贯穿气泡产生，消泡率高达90-100％，并且在高温下使第一防水层与基层粘接，粘接强度高，保证第一防水层的防水防腐性能；施工方便，提高施工效率；热熔胶膜具有柔软性好、服帖性强的特点，并且能随意裁剪，适用于各种异型部位，提高了型部位的施工效率；适用于各种疏松结构的基层，适用范围广并增强第一防水层的结构强度。

Description

一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法及建筑防水*** 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑的技术领域，具体涉及一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法及建筑防水***。
背景技术
建筑防水为防止水对建筑物某些部位的渗透而从建筑材料上和构造上所采取的措施，在传统的建筑防水施工中，直接将加热至高温的防水涂料，比如沥青胶料铺设在基面上，待冷却固化后形成防水层，但是当高温的防水涂料铺设在混凝土或木板等疏松结构的基面上时，会瞬间加热基面，使得疏松结构的基面中的空气受热膨胀及水分受热蒸发，从而在防水层中产生大量的贯穿式气泡，这些气泡不仅影响防水层的外观，而且还会导致防水层与基面的粘接强度低，甚至影响后续在防水层上施加的多层防水层及功能层的性能。
目前，建筑防水施工过程中通常采用以下方法减少气泡：1、热风消泡：加热基面降低防水涂料与基面温差减少贯穿气泡产生；2、机械消泡：在防水层冷却前进行震动破坏防水层的贯穿气泡；但是上述方法只能去除少量的贯穿气泡，其消泡效果仍并不理想。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法，其包括步骤1：基层处理；步骤2：铺设热熔胶膜；步骤3、铺设防水涂料；该基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法具有可几乎消除防水层的贯穿气泡、保证所述第一防水层与所述基层之间的粘接强度、保证所述第一防水层的防水防腐性能的优点。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对基层进行预处理；
步骤2：在所述基层的表面铺设热熔胶膜形成消泡层；
步骤3：在所述消泡层的表面上铺设高温的防水涂料，形成第一防水层。
作为优选，在铺设所述热熔胶膜的过程中，同时在所述热熔胶膜的表面铺设所述防水涂料，通过这样设置，即铺设所述热熔胶膜及铺设所述防水涂料的步骤同时进行，避免热熔胶膜被风吹跑、出现褶皱、不服帖等问题，从而提高施工效率。
作为优选，在铺设所述防水涂料时，所述防水涂料的温度不低于所述热熔胶膜的熔点，通过这样设置，所述防水涂料的温度将所述热熔胶膜加热至熔化，使所述热熔胶膜具有粘性，使得所述基层与所述第一防水层之间的粘接；若防水涂料的温度低于所述热熔胶膜的熔点，防水涂料的温度不足以完全熔化热熔胶膜，导致所述第一防水层与所述基层的粘接强度差，无法保证所述第一防水层的防水防腐性能。
作为优选，所述热熔胶膜包括EVA胶膜、PA胶膜、PES胶膜、PO胶膜、TPU胶膜或EAA胶膜中的一种或两种以上的组合，通过这样设置，上述几种热熔胶膜的使用技术成熟，物料成本低。
作为优选，所述热熔胶膜的熔点高于50℃，所述热熔胶膜的厚度大于20μm之间，通过这样设置，若所述热熔胶膜的厚度小于20μm或熔点低于50℃，在夏季室外施工时，所述基层的温度很高，会导致所述热熔胶膜铺设在所述基层的表面后，来不及铺设所述防水涂料就已被所述基层的温度破坏，达不到隔绝所述基层中的空气及水蒸气的效果。
作为优选，还包括以下步骤：
步骤4：在所述第一防水层的表面上铺设网格胎基形成第一胎基层，在所述第一胎基层的表面上铺设所述防水涂料，形成第二防水层，……，在第N-1防水层的表面上铺设网格胎基形成第N-1胎基层，在所述第N-1胎基层的表面上铺设所述防水涂料，形成第N防水层，N为大于或等于2的正整数；
通过这样设置，设有多层防水层能进一步提高防水防腐性能，并且所述胎基层能增强多层防水层的结构强度。
作为优选，所述防水涂料为改性沥青胶料，所述第一防水层、所述第二防水层、……、所述第N-1防水层与所述第N防水层均为改性沥青胶料层，且所述第一防水层、所述第二防水层、……、所述第N-1防水层及所述第N防水层的厚度均在0.3-4mm之间，通过这样设置，所述改性沥青胶料层的防水防腐性能好。
作为优选，所述网格胎基为聚酯毡、玻纤毡、玻纤网格布和棉混合纤维无纺布中的一种或两种混合，通过这样设置，所述网格胎基能增强相邻两层防水层之间的结构强度。
作为优选，还包括以下步骤：
步骤5：在所述第N防水层的表面上铺设保护层涂料，待固化形成保护层；
步骤6：在所述保护层的表面上铺设功能涂料，待固化形成功能层；
通过这样设置，所述保护层能保护所述第一防水层至所述第N防水层，并提高防水防腐性能，所述功能层为建筑防水***增加额外性能的效果。
作为优选，所述保护层及所述功能层的厚度均在0.5-3mm之间。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种基于上述防水涂料消泡方法形成的建筑防水***，依次包括所述基层、所述消泡层，所述消泡层包括热熔胶膜，在所述消泡层的表面上依次设有第一防水层。
相对于现有技术，本发明取得了有益的技术效果：
1、在铺设高温的防水涂料时，所述热熔胶膜可以隔绝所述基层中的空气及水蒸气，使得防水层内几乎无贯穿气泡产生，消泡率高达90-100％，并且在高温下所述热熔胶膜具有粘性，使得所述第一防水层与所述基层粘接一起，且保证所述第一防水层与所述基层的粘接强度，保证所述第一防水层的防水防腐性能。
2、所述热熔胶膜施工方便，减少了额外去除贯穿气泡的施工工艺，极大的提高了施工效率。
3、所述热熔胶膜具有柔软性好、服帖性强的特点，并且能随意裁剪，适用于墙角、管根、地漏口等各种异型部位，提高了异型部位的施工效率。
4、适用于各种疏松材质的基层，适用范围广。
5、热熔胶膜的抗拉扯强度高，能增强所述第一防水层的结构强度。
附图说明
图1是采用背景技术建筑防水施工方法形成的防水层表面的示意图；
图2是采用本发明防水涂料消泡方法形成的防水层表面的示意图；
图3是采用本发明防水涂料消泡方法形成的单层防水层的层次结构示意图；
图4是采用本发明防水涂料消泡方法形成的双层防水层的层次结构示意图；
图5是采用本发明防水涂料消泡方法形成的三层防水层的层次结构示意图；
图6是采用本发明防水涂料消泡方法形成的四层防水层的层次结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例沥青布料机的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例沥青布料器的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例布料斗的俯视示意图；
图10是本发明实施例在图9中A-A的剖面示意图；
图11是本发明实施例测试沥青铺设厚度过程的示意图之一；
图12是本发明实施例测试沥青铺设厚度过程的示意图之二。
其中，各附图标记所指代的技术特征如下：
2、行走驱动装置；3、螺杆泵；4、沥青储存箱；5、沥青布料器；6、机架；11、基层；12、消泡层；13、第一防水层；14、第二防水层；15、胎基层；16、保护层；17、功能层；21、行走电机；22、减速机；23、车轮组件；24、传动件；31、泵送电机；32、送料管；33、螺杆；34、螺旋叶片；35、反向叶片；36、轴承组件；37、软管；38、升降驱动件；39、密封件；51、布料斗；52、开关组件；53、分支布料管；54、加热件；511、左半布料板；512、右半布料板；513、进料腔；514、出料腔；515、导流腔；516、布料管接口；517、连接孔；518、加强孔；519、螺纹孔。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明，但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于下述具体实施例。
参考图1-6，本实施例公开了一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对基层11进行预处理；
步骤2：在基层11的表面铺设热熔胶膜形成消泡层12；
步骤3：在消泡层12的表面上铺设高温的防水涂料，形成第一防水层13。
进一步的，基层11即为建筑的基面，在步骤1中，对基层11的预处理包括凿除基层11凸起的混凝土块，清除基层11杂物，清扫干净灰尘，保持基层11干燥。
进一步的，在铺设热熔胶膜的过程中，同时在热熔胶膜的表面铺设防水涂料，即铺设热熔胶膜及铺设防水涂料的步骤同时进行，避免热熔胶膜被风吹跑、出现褶皱、不服帖等问题，从而提高施工效率。
进一步的，在铺设防水涂料前，对防水涂料持续加热，在铺设防水涂料时，防水涂料 的温度不低于热熔胶膜的熔点，防水涂料的温度将热熔胶膜加热至熔化，热熔胶膜具有粘性，使得基层11与第一防水层13之间的粘接；若防水涂料的温度低于热熔胶膜的熔点，防水涂料的温度不足以完全熔化热熔胶膜，导致第一防水层13与基层11的粘接强度差，无法保证第一防水层13的防水防腐性能。
进一步的，防水涂料的温度高于热熔胶膜熔点的20-40℃，保证防水涂料的温度足以充分将热熔胶膜加热至熔化，从而保证热熔胶膜的粘性，保证基层11与第一防水层13之间的粘接强度，整体性好，进一步保证第一防水层13的防水防腐性能；若防水涂料的温度高于热熔胶膜熔点不足20℃，无法保证防水涂料的温度足以充分熔化热熔胶膜，从而无法保证热熔胶膜的粘性；若防水涂料的温度高于热熔胶膜熔点40℃，在防水涂料足以熔化热熔胶膜的前提下，防水涂料的温度过高不仅消耗过量的能源，导致能源浪费，而且等待防水涂料冷却固化的时间加长，延长施工时长，降低施工效率。
热熔胶膜包括EVA胶膜、PA胶膜、PES胶膜、PO胶膜、TPU胶膜或EAA胶膜中的一种或两种以上的组合，上述几种热熔胶膜的使用技术成熟，物料成本低，降低生产成本。
热熔胶膜的熔点高于50℃，热熔胶膜的厚度大于20μm之间，若热熔胶膜的厚度小于20μm或熔点低于50℃，在夏季室外施工时，基层11的温度很高，会导致热熔胶膜铺设在基层11的表面后，来不及铺设防水涂料就已被基层11的温度破坏，达不到隔绝基层11中的空气及水蒸气的效果。
进一步的，热熔胶膜的熔点在50-200℃之间，热熔胶膜的厚度在20-70μm之间，若热熔胶膜的厚度大于70μm或熔点高于200℃，难以保证防水涂料的温度能达到高于热熔胶膜的熔点，以至于防水涂料的温度不足以完全熔化热熔胶膜，第一防水层13与基层11的粘接强度差，无法保证第一防水层13的防水防腐性能，或加热防水涂料的温度高于热熔胶膜的熔点需要耗费大量能量，优选的，热熔胶膜的厚度在30-50μm之间，热熔胶膜的熔点在70-130℃之间，本实施例中，热熔胶膜的厚度为40μm，热熔胶膜的熔点为100℃。
防水涂料消泡方法还包括以下步骤：
步骤4：在第一防水层13的表面上铺设网格胎基形成第一胎基层15，在第一胎基层15的表面上铺设防水涂料，形成第二防水层14，……，在第N-1防水层的表面上铺设网格胎基形成第N-1胎基层15，在第N-1胎基层15的表面上铺设防水涂料，形成第N防水层，N为大于或等于2的正整数；
设有多层防水层能进一步提高防水防腐性能，并且胎基层15能增强多层防水层的结构强度。
防水涂料为改性沥青胶料，第一防水层13、第二防水层14、……、第N-1防水层与第N防水层均为改性沥青胶料层，具体的，改性沥青胶料为申请人在先申请的CN111647276A公开的一种沥青基防水***用胶料，此处不再进行赘述，且第一防水层13、第二防水层14、……、第N-1防水层及第N防水层的厚度均在0.3-4mm之间，改性沥青胶料层的防水防腐性能好。
本实施例中，第一防水层13、第二防水层14、……、第N-1防水层及第N防水层的厚度均为2mm。
网格胎基为聚酯毡、玻纤毡、玻纤网格布和棉混合纤维无纺布中的一种或两种混合，在铺设第N防水层时，第N防水层的改性沥青胶料浸透网格胎基与第N-1防水层的改性沥青胶料牢固粘接，网格胎基能增强相邻两层，即第N-1防水层与第N防水层之间的结构强度。
防水涂料消泡方法还包括以下步骤：
步骤5：在第N防水层的表面上铺设保护层16涂料，待固化形成保护层16；
步骤6：在保护层16的表面上铺设功能涂料，待固化形成功能层17；
保护层16能保护第一防水层13至第N防水层，并提高防水防腐性能，功能层17为建筑防水***增加额外性能的效果。
进一步的，保护层16的组成成分与申请人在先申请的CN111574864A公开的一种沥青基预铺防水***用涂料中保护层16的组成成分相同，此处不再进行赘述，保护层16可以在第N防水层的表面形成致密层，能够有效防止第N防水层的改性沥青胶料中含有的油分等的迁移，对第一防水层13至第N防水层起到保护作用，并且阻断外界水分的渗透，进一步提高防水防腐性能。
进一步的，功能层17包括具有防粘、互粘、保温隔热或防辐射功能的涂料层或砂粒层，为建筑防水***增加防粘、互粘、保温隔热或放辐射的效果。
本实施例中，功能层17的组成成分为申请人在先申请的CN111574864A公开的一种沥青基预铺防水***用涂料中功能层17的组成成分相同，此处不再进行赘述，其中，功能层17与保护层16同材质复合，整体性好，并且实现与后浇混凝土本体互粘，粘接效果显著提 高。
进一步的，保护层16及功能层17的厚度均在0.5-3mm之间，本实施例中，保护层16及功能层17的厚度均为2mm。
以三层防水层的建筑防水施工方法为例，申请人分别采用背景技术的建筑防水施工方法与采用本发明的防水涂料消泡方法进行多次测试，并在铺设每层防水层后统计在该防水层中贯穿气泡产生的均值，从图1中可以看出，采用背景技术的建筑防水施工方法的防水层表面存在大量贯穿气泡，贯穿气泡多且密，不平整，从图2中可以看出，采用本发明的防水涂料消泡方法的防水层表面平整光滑，几乎无贯穿气泡，具体统计结果如下表1所示：
表1：建筑防水***贯穿气泡统计表
Figure PCTCN2022088344-appb-000001
其中，实验项目1为采用背景技术的建筑防水施工方法进行测试，实验项目2为采用本发明的防水涂料消泡方法进行测试；很多表示每平米贯穿气泡数量大于100个，多表示每平米数量在50-100个之间，少量表示每平米贯穿气泡数量在10-50个，很少表示每平米贯穿气泡数量在1-10个，无表示每平米的贯穿气泡数量为0个；
粘接强度为将样品沿垂直于基层11表面拉扯分层时的强度；
贯穿气泡指气泡贯穿防水层，将防水层对着光源时，在光源背面会形成光斑，肉眼可以观察到亮点，形成贯穿防水层的贯穿气泡，会严重影响防水层的强度、防水防腐性能。
采用本发明的防水涂料消泡方法，在铺设高温的防水涂料时，热熔胶膜可以隔绝基层11中的空气及水蒸气，使得防水层内几乎无贯穿气泡产生，消泡率高达90-100％，并且在高温下热熔胶膜具有粘性，使得第一防水层13与基层11粘接一起，且保证第一防水层13与基层11的粘接强度，保证第一防水层13的防水防腐性能。
热熔胶膜施工方便，减少了额外去除贯穿气泡的施工工艺，极大的提高了施工效率。
热熔胶膜具有柔软性好、服帖性强的特点，并且能随意裁剪，适用于墙角、管根、地漏口等各种异型部位，提高了异型部位的施工效率。
适用于各种疏松材质的基层11，适用范围广。
热熔胶膜的抗拉扯强度高，能增强第一防水层13的结构强度。
本实施例还公开了一种基于上述防水涂料消泡方法形成的建筑防水***，依次包括基层11及消泡层12，消泡层包括热熔胶膜，消泡层12的表面上设有第一防水层13。
进一步的，在第一防水层13的表面依次设有第二防水层14、……、第N防水层，N为大于或等于2的正整数，且第一防水层13与第二防水层14、……、第N-1防水层与第N防水层之间均设有胎基层15。
进一步的，在第N防水层的表面上依次设有保护层16及功能层17。
参考图7-12，为了保证改性沥青胶料铺设的均匀性，防水涂料消泡方法可采用沥青布料机进行铺设改性沥青胶料，沥青布料机包括机架6、行走驱动装置2、液压泵、沥青储存箱4及沥青布料器5，行走驱动装置2设置在机架6的底端，沥青储存箱4及液压泵设置在机架6上，且沥青储存箱4的出口与液压泵的进口连接，液压泵的出口与沥青布料器5的进口连接；
沥青储存箱4为申请人在先申请的CN213590237U公开的一种沥青储存箱4，此处不再进行赘述；
沥青布料器5包括布料斗51，布料都的外形轮廓大致呈长方体，布料斗51的正面、背面、顶面及底面均呈长方形，布料斗51的侧面呈倒梯形，布料斗51内沿沥青的流动方向依次设有进料腔513及出料腔514，进料腔513及出料腔514均呈长方体，进料腔513的顶端与布料斗51的顶端连通，即进料腔513的顶端延伸至布料斗51的顶端，进料腔513的顶端形成布料斗51的进料口，液压泵的出口与进料腔513连通，进料腔513的底端与出料腔514的顶端连通，出料腔514的底端与布料斗51的底端连通，即出料腔514的底端延伸至布料斗51的底端，出料腔514的底端形成布料斗51的出料口，进料腔513与出料腔514的长度相等，出料腔514的厚度尺寸为T1，出料腔514的高度尺寸为H1，H1与T1的比值D1在20～30之间，进料腔513的厚度尺寸为T2，T2与T1的比值D2在5～10之间。
采用本发明的沥青布料机，在液压泵的作用下，将改性沥青胶料从沥青储存箱4输送至沥青布料器5内，改性沥青胶料进入布料斗51，经过进料腔513及出料腔514的作用后，由于D2在5～10之间，进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积的变化能提高改性沥青胶料的流动速度，并且D1在20～30之间，由于改性沥青胶料内存在杂质颗粒或存在碳化现象产生沥青颗粒，即使颗粒物被卡在进料腔513与出料腔514之间时，改性沥青胶料经过 颗粒物被隔断分叉后，出料腔514的高度尺寸H1保证改性沥青胶料有足够的流动距离进行汇合，从而均匀从出料口挤出，并且变流截面少，保证改性沥青胶料的流动速度满足施工的要求，同时改性沥青胶料的流动阻力小，便于施工，施工效率高，且对泵的要求不高；若D1小于20，则出料腔514的高度H1较小，厚度尺寸T1较大，改性沥青胶料被颗粒物隔断分叉后，由于出料腔514的空间大，改性沥青胶料不易汇合，或H1较小，改性沥青胶料没有足够的距离汇合，导致改性沥青胶料从出料口挤出时产生分叉现象，均匀性差，若D1大于30，则出料腔514的高度尺寸H1较大，厚度尺寸T1较小，导致更好的颗粒物被卡在进料腔513与出料腔514之间，并且T1较小，进一步增大改性沥青胶料的流动阻力；当改性沥青胶料从出料口均匀挤出后，配合行走驱动装置2驱动沥青布料机移动，进行铺设改性沥青胶料。
进一步的，进料腔513的厚度尺寸为T2，T2与T1的比值D2在5～10之间，改性沥青胶料进入布料斗51后，由于D2在5～10之间，进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积的变化能提高改性沥青胶料的流动速度，一定程度上增大改性沥青胶料的流量，进一步提高施工效率，若D2小于5，则进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积变化不大，不能有效地提高改性沥青胶料的流动速度，流量减小，若D2大于10，则进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积变化过大，导致改性沥青胶料的流动阻力增大。
H1的尺寸范围在40～60mm之间，T1的尺寸范围在1.5～3mm之间，T2的尺寸范围在10～20mm之间，在此范围内，布料斗51对改性沥青胶料流动的阻力相对较小，而且能保证改性沥青胶料均匀挤出。
申请人对不同型号的布料斗51进行铺设后进行测试，改性沥青胶料挤出的温度设置为150℃，泵的转速1440r/min，泵功率为4KW，从而将改性沥青胶料铺设在薄膜上，采用台式测厚仪测出沿横向测出改性沥青胶料多个位置处的厚度，横向指的是改性沥青胶料的宽度方向，具体的，横向厚度测试间距为100mm，参考下图11-12为测试过程的示意图，测试结果如下表2所示：
表2 厚度测试统计表
Figure PCTCN2022088344-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022088344-appb-000003
经过分析得出，从序号1、2、5、6、7、8、11、12的测试中可以看出，当D1小于20时，改性沥青胶料从出料口挤出时的均匀性较差，当D1大于30时，虽然不影响改性沥青胶料挤出时的均匀性，但出料腔514占用过多的高度空间，或T1过小，改性沥青胶料流动阻力大，改性沥青胶料的流量存在一定程度上的减小；从序号3、4、6、9、10的测试中可以看出，当D2小于5时，改性沥青胶料流量显然减小；当D2大于10时，改性沥青胶料的流量也存在一定程度上的减小。
优选的，T2与T1的比值D2在6～8之间，H1与T1的比值D1在23～27之间，本实施例中，T2与T1的比值D2为7.5，H1与T1的比值D1为25。
优选的，H1的尺寸范围在45～55mm之间，T1的尺寸范围在1.5～2.5mm之间，T2的尺寸范围在12～18mm之间，本实施例中，H1的尺寸为50mm，T1的尺寸为2mm，T2的尺寸为15mm。
进一步的，布料斗51内还设有导流腔515，导流腔515设置在进料腔513与出料腔514之间，导流腔515的顶端与进料腔513的底端连接，导流腔515的顶端厚度与进料腔513的厚度T2相等，导流腔515的底端与出料腔514的顶端连接，导流腔515的底端与出料腔514的厚度T1相等，导流腔515的侧壁倾斜设置，导流腔515为改性沥青胶料从进料腔513流动至出料腔514时起到了导流作用，改性沥青胶料经过导流腔515逐渐过渡至出料腔514内，减小改性沥青胶料流动时的阻力，否则，由于进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积突变，导致改性沥青胶料流动阻力增大，一定程度上减小流量，不便于施工。
导流腔515的高度村尺寸为H3与D2在数值上的比值D3在1～2之间，根据D2的比值调整导流腔515的高度尺寸H3，即调整导流腔515导流面的斜度，若D2的比值较大时，即进料腔513与出料腔514之间的厚度比值较大，进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积相差较大，D3的值可选大一些，即H3的尺寸较大，导流腔515的斜度较小，能更好地起到导流作用，有效地较小改性沥青胶料流动的阻力；若D2的比较较小时，即进料腔513与出料腔514之间的厚度比值较小，进料腔513与出料腔514的流动截面面积相差较小， D3的值可选小一些，即H3的尺寸较小，导流腔515的斜度较大，保证能有效减小改性沥青胶料流动阻力的同时，避免占用过多高度空间；若D3的值小于1，则导致导流腔515的斜度过大，不能有效地减小改性沥青胶料流动的阻力；若D3的值大于2，则导致导流腔515的高度尺寸H3过大，占用过多高度空间，导致减小了进料腔513及出料腔514的高度尺寸或增大了布料斗51的总体高度尺寸。
布料斗51包括左半布料板511及与左半布料板511连接的右半布料板512，左半布料板511及右半布料板512相对的表面均设有凹腔，左半布料板511与右半布料板512的凹腔形成进料腔513、导流腔515及出料腔514，左半布料板511位于凹腔外设有多个连接孔517，左半布料板511位于凹腔内设有多个加强孔518，右半布料板512设有与连接孔517及加强孔518一一对应的通孔，左半布料板511与右半布料板512螺纹连接，布料斗51分体成型，便于加工出布料斗51的进料腔513、导流腔515及出料腔514，且采用螺栓穿过右半布料板512的通孔后与对应的连接孔517或加强孔518与螺母螺纹连接，实现左半布料板511与右半布料板512的固定连接，并且加强孔518与螺栓的配合能加强左半布料板511与右半布料板512的连接强度，由于布料斗51在挤出改性沥青胶料的过程中，改性沥青胶料的流动压力较大，加强孔518与螺栓的配合加强连接强度后避免压力过大而将布料斗51撑开，否则，若左半布料板511与右半布料板512仅通过连接孔517与螺栓配合连接的话，在申请人的试验下，改性沥青胶料的流动压力会将左半布料板511及右半布料板512撑开，改性沥青胶料出现泄露的情况，甚至影响改性沥青胶料的铺设。
进一步的，加强孔518设置在位于导流腔515的左半布料板511上，多个加强孔518沿左半布料板511的长度方向间隔设置，能保证加强布料斗51的连接强度，同时避免对挤出改性沥青胶料的均匀性造成影响，改性沥青胶料的流动压力主要会将布料斗51位于出料腔514的位置撑开，若加强孔518设置在位于进料腔513的左半布料板511上时，即加强孔518离出料腔514较远，不能很好地保证加强连接布料斗51位于出料腔514的部分，改性沥青胶料的流动压力仍可能一定程度撑开出料腔514的位置；若加强孔518设置在位于出料腔514的布料斗51上时，虽然能很好的加强连接布料斗51位于出料腔514的部分，但是由于有螺栓的存在，改性沥青胶料流经螺栓时被隔断，出现分叉的情况，此时离出口较近，没有足够的流动距离让分叉后的改性沥青胶料汇合，导致布料斗51挤出的改性沥青胶料出现分叉的现象，即影响挤出改性沥青胶料的均匀性。
沥青布料器5还包括开关组件52，液压泵的出口与开关组件52的进口连接，开关组件 52与布料斗51之间通过分支布料管53连接，分支布料管53包括主干入口及多个分支出口，本实施例中，分支布料管53包括两个分支出口，避免分支过多而增大改性沥青胶料的流动阻力，分支布料管53的主干入口与开关组件52的出口连接，分支布料管53的分支出口与布料斗51的进料口连接，开关组件52可控制改性沥青胶料是否可往布料斗51内输送，而且通过分支布料管53的分流作用，使得改性沥青胶料从多个位置流入布料斗51内，进一步提高改性沥青胶料的均匀性。
进一步的，分支布料管53的主干入口可与开关组件52的出口焊接连接或通过法兰连接，分支布料管53位于分支出口处设有连接板，分支布料管53与连接板焊接连接，布料斗51的顶端设有多个螺纹孔519，连接板设有与布料斗51顶端的螺纹孔519一一对应的通孔，连接板与布料斗51螺纹连接，从而使得分支布料管53的分支出口与进料腔513连通。
连接板与布料斗51之间设有密封件39，密封件39包括硅胶垫或橡胶圈，保证连接板与布料斗51之间的密封性，避免改性沥青胶料从分支布料管53进入布料斗51内时出现渗漏的情况。
开关组件52包括电动闸阀，电动闸阀的使用技术成熟，而且物料成本低。
布料斗51外设有加热件54，由于改性沥青胶料是高粘度的有机液体，并且改性沥青胶料的粘稠度与温度成反比，改性沥青胶料流动至布料斗51内的过程中有热量损失，导致温度下降，粘稠度增高，此时改性沥青胶料的流动阻力较大，不便于施工，而且改性沥青胶料不易汇聚，挤出改性沥青胶料的均匀性降低，通过加热件54对布料斗51内的改性沥青胶料进行加热，提高改性沥青胶料的温度，粘稠度降低，减小改性沥青胶料的流动阻力，便于施工，改性沥青胶料能汇聚后均匀挤出。
加热件54包括电热板，电热板设置在左半布料板511及右半布料板512的外表面上，电热板上设有与连接孔517一一对应的通孔，电热板与布料斗51螺纹连接。
本实施例中，液压泵包括螺杆泵3，螺杆泵3包括泵送电机31、螺杆33、螺旋叶片34、送料管32及轴承组件36，螺旋叶片34套设于螺杆33外，送料管32套设于螺杆33及螺旋叶片34外，泵送电机31与送料管32的一端连接，且泵送电机31的输出轴与螺杆33的一端固定连接，沥青储存箱4的出口与送料管32的进口连接，轴承组件36设置在送料管32的另一端，且螺杆33的另一端穿设于轴承组件36内，具体的，送料管32的两端均设有法兰，泵送电机31及轴承组件36分别与送料管32两端的法兰螺纹连接，送料管32的出口 与沥青布料器5的进口连接，螺杆泵3机械磨损小，避免改性沥青胶料对螺杆泵3发生腐蚀的情况，使用寿命长；流道宽，可输送含有颗粒物杂质的改性沥青胶料。
送料管32与轴承组件36之间设有密封件39，密封件39包括硅胶垫或橡胶圈，密封件39提高送料管32另一端与轴承组件36连接处的密封性，避免改性沥青胶料腐蚀轴承组件36，提高使用寿命。
螺杆33的另一端外套设有反向叶片35，即反向叶片35与螺旋叶片34的旋向相反，且为了避免对改性沥青胶料从送料管32的出口流向沥青布料器5造成影响，反向叶片35套设于在位于送料管32的出口至送料管32的另一端的螺杆33外，改性沥青胶料对密封件39有一定的腐蚀作用，为此，需要定期更换密封件39，设有反向叶片35能反向输送改性沥青胶料，避免改性沥青胶料流动至送料管32的另一端腐蚀轴承组件36，反向叶片35与密封件39的配合对轴承组件36起到双重保护的作用。
沥青储存箱4的出口与送料管32的进口软连接，具体的，沥青储存箱4的出口与送料管32的进口通过可折叠的软管37连接，沥青储存箱4内设有升降驱动件38，升降驱动件38的输出端与送料管32连接，通过升降驱动件38驱动送料管32进行升降运动，从而可控制沥青布料器5与施工面之间的距离。
升降驱动件38包括升降气缸，升降气缸的活塞杆竖直朝下，且升降气缸的活塞杆与送料管32固定连接。
行走驱动装置2包括行走电机21、减速机22及车轮组件23，车轮组件23设置在机架6的底端，减速机22及行走电机21设置在机架6的上方，行走电机21的输出轴与减速机22的输入端同轴固定连接，减速机22的输出端与车轮组件23通过传动件24连接，传动件24包括皮带组件或链条组件，皮带组件或链条组件为现有技术，此处不再进行赘述。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对发明构成任何限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于热熔胶膜的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：对基层(11)进行预处理；
    步骤2：在所述基层(11)的表面铺设热熔胶膜形成消泡层(12)；
    步骤3：在所述消泡层(12)的表面上铺设高温的防水涂料，形成第一防水层(13)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，在铺设所述热熔胶膜的过程中，同时在所述热熔胶膜的表面铺设所述防水涂料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，在铺设所述防水涂料时，所述防水涂料的温度不低于所述热熔胶膜的熔点。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，所述热熔胶膜包括EVA胶膜、PA胶膜、PES胶膜、PO胶膜、TPU胶膜或EAA胶膜中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，所述热熔胶膜的熔点高于50℃，所述热熔胶膜的厚度大于20μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
    步骤4：在所述第一防水层(13)的表面上铺设网格胎基形成第一胎基层(15)，在所述第一胎基层(15)的表面上铺设所述防水涂料，形成第二防水层(14)，……，在第N-1防水层的表面上铺设网格胎基形成第N-1胎基层(15)，在所述第N-1胎基层(15)的表面上铺设所述防水涂料，形成第N防水层，N为大于或等于2的正整数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，所述防水涂料为改性沥青胶料，所述第一防水层(13)、所述第二防水层(14)、……、所述第N-1防水层与所述第N防水层均为改性沥青胶料层，且所述第一防水层(13)、所述第二防水层(14)、……、所述第N-1防水层及所述第N防水层的厚度均在0.3-4mm之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，所述网格胎基为聚酯毡、玻纤毡、玻纤网格布和棉混合纤维无纺布中的一种或两种混合。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的防水涂料消泡方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
    步骤5：在所述第N防水层的表面上铺设保护层(16)涂料，待固化形成保护层(16)；
    步骤6：在所述保护层(16)的表面上铺设功能涂料，待固化形成功能层(17)。
  10. 一种基于权利要求1-9任一项所述的防水涂料消泡方法形成的建筑防水***，其特 征在于，依次包括所述基层(11)、所述消泡层(12)，所述消泡层(12)包括所述热熔胶膜，在所述消泡层(12)的表面上设有第一防水层(13)。
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