CN103105214B - Detecting device of coal bunker material level - Google Patents
Detecting device of coal bunker material level Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detecting device of coal bunker material level. The detecting device of the coal bunker material level comprises a power supply module, a singlechip control module, a detecting module and a communication module. The power supply module uses three routes of independent power supplies which are respectively used for signal acquisition, singlechip control and communication. The singlechip control module receives data information from the detecting module, processes the data information and transmits the data information to the communication module to do long-distance communication. The detecting module is jointly composed of a mechanical part and an electrical part. The mechanical part is used for detecting lateral pressure signals of the inner wall of the coal bunker and the electric part is used for conducting transformation of electrical signals. The mechanical part and the electric part complete the detection of the coal material level jointly. The communication module is used for achieving the transformation between the serial communications of the singlechip and the radio sonde (RS)-485 protocol signals, thus achieving the long-distance communication of the RS-485. The detecting device of the coal bunker material level can not only detect the number of the material inside the coal bunker, but also effectively reduce the cost of a detector instrument and can inform of the workers of the coal bunker or related personnels the information inside the coal bunker timely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric detective technology field, be specifically related to a kind of coal bunker Level measurement system, be installed on coal bunker outer wall as utility appliance.
Background technology
China uses coal big country.According to " report of (2012) Energy Development in China " display, 2011, Chinese coal consumption was 34.25 hundred million tons, accounts for nearly 7 one-tenth of primary energy total quantity consumed.And coal relates to storage problem, the normal coal bunker that uses is stored.Present stage, coal bunker environment had some feature following:
1, inner high dust fills the air, unglazed, and visibility is zero;
2, coal bunker inwall is due to Long contact time coal dust coal dust, thus easily occurs hardening or hanging the situations such as coal;
3, the inner coal dust of coal bunker fills the air slightly gas, belongs to inflammable and explosive environment.
Thus in coal bunker, material-level measure is a crux having realistic meaning and there is technical barrier always.Present stage, China's mode of being usually used in coal bunker material had: the detection of Weight type, ultrasonic echo, detections of radar etc., and these applicable situations all respective in Practical Project field, also each defectiveness exists simultaneously.Weight type detection method exists that mission life is short, maintenance capacity is large, running part frequently rotates the problems such as easy bite, there is testing result instability, be easily subject to the problem such as noise and dust interference in ultrasound examination mode, detections of radar mode exists the problems such as initial investment cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the problem that initial investment cost is high, later period maintenance workload is large existed in existing detection technique, is directed to high dust, high noisy, visibility be zero and a kind of coal bunker Level measurement system of proposing of inner inflammable and explosive coal bunker environment.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of coal bunker material detection system, comprises power module, single chip control module, detection module and communication module, it is characterized in that:
Described power module adopts three road independent current sources, is respectively used to signals collecting, Single-chip Controlling and communication,
Described single chip control module receives the data message of self-detection module, and processes this information and be sent to communication module and make it carry out telecommunication;
Described detection module is made up of jointly mechanical part and electric part, and mechanical part is for detecting coal bunker inwall side direction pressure signal, and electric part is for carrying out the conversion of electric signal, and the two completes the detection to coal charge thing position jointly;
Described communication module, for realizing the conversion between Investigation into Serial Communication of One-chip Computer signal and RS-485 protocol signal, thus realizes long-range RS-485 communication.
Described power module comprises step-down rectifier part, filtering and voltage stabilization part, wherein step-down rectifier part comprises step-down transformer T1, T2, T3 and commutation diode D19, D20, D21, D22, D24, D25, D26, D27, D28, D29, D30, D31, wherein the anode of D19 and the negative electrode of D24 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T1, the anode of D20 and the negative electrode of D25 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T1, the negative electrode of D19 and D20 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D24 and D25 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, the anode of similar D21 and the negative electrode of D26 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T2, the anode of D22 and the negative electrode of D27 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T2, the negative electrode of D21 and D22 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D26 and D27 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, the anode of D28 and the negative electrode of D30 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T3, the anode of D29 and the negative electrode of D31 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T3, the negative electrode of D28 and D29 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D30 and D31 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output,
Filtering and voltage stabilization part comprise three pieces, first piece is the stabilized voltage supply of single chip control module, comprise voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, input capacitance C4, regulate inductance L 1, receive diode V1, output capacitance C5, wherein the input end pin 1 of voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D19, the input end pin 1 of the positive polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of input capacitance C4, negative polarity end ground connection, receive the output terminal pin 2 of diode V1 negative polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, positive ends ground connection, regulate the output terminal pin 2 of a termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of inductance L 1, the other end exports the positive source that+5V voltage connects control module, the positive polarity termination control module positive source of output capacitance C5, negative polarity end ground connection, second piece is the stabilized voltage supply of signal acquisition module, comprise LM7812 voltage stabilizing chip, input filtering electric capacity C6, output terminal filter capacitor C7, C8, the input end 1 of LM7812 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D21,2 pin ground connection, and 3 pin connect the positive source of signal acquisition module, the input end 1 of the positive polarity termination LM7812 of electric capacity C6, negative polarity end ground connection, the output terminal 3 of the positive polarity termination LM7812 of electric capacity C7, negative polarity end ground connection, the output terminal 3 of the one termination LM7812 of C8, other end ground connection, 3rd piece is the stabilized voltage supply of communication module, comprise voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, input capacitance C9, regulate inductance L 2, receive diode V2, output capacitance C10, wherein the input end pin 1 of voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D28, the input end pin 1 of the positive polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of input capacitance C9, negative polarity end ground connection, receive the output terminal pin 2 of diode V2 negative polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, positive ends ground connection, regulate the output terminal pin 2 of a termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of inductance L 2, the other end exports+5V Voltage On state news modular power source positive pole, the positive polarity terminating communications modular power source positive pole of output capacitance C10, negative polarity end ground connection.
Described single chip control module comprises single-chip microcomputer main control chip, crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, wherein crystal oscillating circuit is by electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, crystal oscillator Y1 forms, wherein electric capacity C2 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL1 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C3 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL2 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the two ends of single-chip microcomputer main control chip input end of clock XTAL1 and XTAL2, reset circuit is by electric capacity C1, button S4, resistance R7 forms, wherein resistance R7 one end ground connection, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, button S4 mono-termination power, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C1 mono-termination load power source, the other end meets single-chip microcomputer reset terminal RST.
Described detection module is made up of mechanical part and electric part, described mechanical part is made up of detection head, mechanical driving device, spring and electrode, its electrode part is connected respectively at optical coupling isolator switch that output terminal connects two pins, the signal that mechanical part detects is coal bunker body of wall differing heights place the presence or absence of coal charge lateral pressure signal is born by institute, and by this signal as the judgement signal just of coal position in coal bunker; Described electric part is made up of 16 identical circuit modules of circuit structure, each module is made up of photoelectrical coupler, high-brightness LED, keyswitch or electrode contacts, optocoupler input end current-limiting resistance, optocoupler output terminal pull-up resistor, 1 pin of optocoupler is connected to 12V power supply by an input end current-limiting resistance, 2 pin connect the positive pole of LED, LED negative pole connects button one end, button other end ground connection, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to 5V power supply by an output terminal pull-up resistor.
Described communication module is made up of three photoelectrical couplers and transition of communications chip SN75LBC184, wherein, the R end of SN75LBC184 is signal receiving end, the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically R termination optocoupler 2 pin, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by current-limiting resistance, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor, 4 pin also connect the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer simultaneously, D end is signal sending end, the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically D termination optocoupler 4 pin, 4 pin are also connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor simultaneously, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, optocoupler 2 pin connects the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer, optocoupler 1 pin is connected to power supply by a current-limiting resistance, RE and DE is respectively transmitting-receiving control end, single-chip microcomputer control end is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically RE with DE connect together be attempted by optocoupler 3 pin, 3 pin are simultaneously by a pull down resistor ground connection, optocoupler 4 pin connects power supply, optocoupler 2 pin connects single-chip microcomputer control end, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by a current-limiting resistance, B end and A end together constitute RS-485 communication bus end, A end connects power supply by a pull-up resistor, B end is by a pull down resistor ground connection, an impedance matching resistor is also connected between side a and b, VCC and GND of chip connects VDD-to-VSS respectively in addition.
Good effect of the present invention is that this invention is directed to this particular surroundings of coal bunker and designs, this system detecting device is unique, it is made up of mechanical part and electric part, the presence or absence of the signal that mechanical part detects bear to by coal bunker body of wall differing heights place coal charge lateral pressure signal, and by the judgement signal of this signal as coal position height in coal bunker, electric part is mainly a signal-isolated transmission circuit be made up of optocoupler.Because coal bunker has inner high dust and the feature such as inflammable and explosive.By this detection system, can detect coal bunker materials inside number, effectively reduce the Cost Problems of pick-up unit instrument simultaneously, and storehouse internal information informed coal bunker workman and related personnel thereof in time.Therefore to have structure simple in the present invention, easy for installation, circuit simple and reliable and be convenient to expand feature, be very suitable for the inexpensive solution that coal bunker material detects, effectively can solve the problem that initial investment cost is high, later period maintenance workload is large existed in existing detection technique, be applicable to high dust, high noisy, visibility be zero and inner inflammable and explosive coal bunker environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is model calling relation block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of step-down in the present invention and rectification module.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of 7812 voltage stabilizings in the present invention and power supply indicating module.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of 2596 voltage stabilizings in the present invention and power supply indicating module.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the single chip control module in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the optocoupler signal acquisition module in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of RS-485 communication module of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the mechanical detection module in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is integrated circuit connection layout of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of coal bunker material detection system, comprise power module, single chip control module, detection module and communication module, described power module adopts three road independent current sources, be respectively used to signals collecting, Single-chip Controlling and communication, described single chip control module receives the data message of self-detection module, and processes this information and be sent to communication module and make it carry out telecommunication; Described detection module is made up of jointly mechanical part and electric part, and mechanical part is for detecting coal bunker inwall side direction pressure signal, and electric part is for carrying out the conversion of electric signal, and the two completes the detection to coal charge thing position jointly; Described communication module, for realizing the conversion between Investigation into Serial Communication of One-chip Computer signal and RS-485 protocol signal, thus realizes long-range RS-485 communication.
As shown in Figure 2, described power module comprises step-down rectifier part, filtering and voltage stabilization part, wherein step-down rectifier part comprises step-down transformer T1, T2, T3 and commutation diode D19, D20, D21, D22, D24, D25, D26, D27, D28, D29, D30, D31, wherein the anode of D19 and the negative electrode of D24 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T1, the anode of D20 and the negative electrode of D25 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T1, the negative electrode of D19 and D20 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D24 and D25 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, the anode of similar D21 and the negative electrode of D26 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T2, the anode of D22 and the negative electrode of D27 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T2, the negative electrode of D21 and D22 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D26 and D27 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, the anode of D28 and the negative electrode of D30 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T3, the anode of D29 and the negative electrode of D31 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T3, the negative electrode of D28 and D29 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D30 and D31 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output,
As shown in Fig. 9,3,4, filtering and voltage stabilization part comprise three pieces,
As shown in Figure 4, first piece is the stabilized voltage supply of single chip control module, comprise voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, input capacitance C4, regulate inductance L 1, receive diode V1, output capacitance C5, wherein the input end pin 1 of voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D19, the input end pin 1 of the positive polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of input capacitance C4, negative polarity end ground connection, receive the output terminal pin 2 of diode V1 negative polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, positive ends ground connection, regulate the output terminal pin 2 of a termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of inductance L 1, the other end exports the positive source that+5V voltage connects control module, the positive polarity termination control module positive source of output capacitance C5, negative polarity end ground connection,
As shown in Figure 3, second piece is the stabilized voltage supply of signal acquisition module, comprise LM7812 voltage stabilizing chip, input filtering electric capacity C6, output terminal filter capacitor C7, C8, the input end 1 of LM7812 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D21,2 pin ground connection, 3 pin connect the positive source of signal acquisition module, the input end 1 of the positive polarity termination LM7812 of electric capacity C6, negative polarity end ground connection, the output terminal 3 of the positive polarity termination LM7812 of electric capacity C7, negative polarity end ground connection, the output terminal 3 of a termination LM7812 of C8, other end ground connection;
As shown in Figure 9, 3rd piece is the stabilized voltage supply of communication module, comprise voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, input capacitance C9, regulate inductance L 2, receive diode V2, output capacitance C10, wherein the input end pin 1 of voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D28, the input end pin 1 of the positive polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of input capacitance C9, negative polarity end ground connection, receive the output terminal pin 2 of diode V2 negative polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, positive ends ground connection, regulate the output terminal pin 2 of a termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of inductance L 2, the other end exports+5V Voltage On state news modular power source positive pole, the positive polarity terminating communications modular power source positive pole of output capacitance C10, negative polarity end ground connection.
As shown in Figure 5, described single chip control module comprises single-chip microcomputer main control chip, crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, wherein crystal oscillating circuit is by electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, crystal oscillator Y1 forms, wherein electric capacity C2 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL1 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C3 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL2 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the two ends of single-chip microcomputer main control chip input end of clock XTAL1 and XTAL2, reset circuit is by electric capacity C1, button S4, resistance R7 forms, wherein resistance R7 one end ground connection, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, button S4 mono-termination power, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C1 mono-termination load power source, the other end meets single-chip microcomputer reset terminal RST.
As shown in Figure 8, described detection module is made up of mechanical part and electric part, described mechanical part is made up of detection head, mechanical driving device, spring and electrode, its electrode part is connected respectively at optical coupling isolator switch that output terminal connects two pins, the signal that mechanical part detects is coal bunker body of wall differing heights place the presence or absence of coal charge lateral pressure signal is born by institute, and by this signal as the judgement signal just of coal position in coal bunker; Described electric part is made up of 16 identical circuit modules of circuit structure, each module is made up of photoelectrical coupler, high-brightness LED, keyswitch or electrode contacts, optocoupler input end current-limiting resistance, optocoupler output terminal pull-up resistor, 1 pin of optocoupler is connected to 12V power supply by an input end current-limiting resistance, 2 pin connect the positive pole of LED, LED negative pole connects button one end, button other end ground connection, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to 5V power supply by an output terminal pull-up resistor.
As shown in Figure 7, described communication module is made up of three photoelectrical couplers and transition of communications chip SN75LBC184, wherein, the R end of SN75LBC184 is signal receiving end, the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically R termination optocoupler 2 pin, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by current-limiting resistance, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor, 4 pin also connect the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer simultaneously, D end is signal sending end, the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically D termination optocoupler 4 pin, 4 pin are also connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor simultaneously, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, optocoupler 2 pin connects the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer, optocoupler 1 pin is connected to power supply by a current-limiting resistance, RE and DE is respectively transmitting-receiving control end, single-chip microcomputer control end is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically RE with DE connect together be attempted by optocoupler 3 pin, 3 pin are simultaneously by a pull down resistor ground connection, optocoupler 4 pin connects power supply, optocoupler 2 pin connects single-chip microcomputer control end, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by a current-limiting resistance, B end and A end together constitute RS-485 communication bus end, A end connects power supply by a pull-up resistor, B end is by a pull down resistor ground connection, an impedance matching resistor is also connected between side a and b, VCC and GND of chip connects VDD-to-VSS respectively in addition.
Described power module adopts 220V alternating current, is then divided into three road independent current sources; One tunnel so supplies switchgear again and carries out signals collecting after transformer pressure-reducing after the voltage stabilizing of 12V linear Integrated voltage stabilizing chip, one tunnel supplies single chip machine controlling circuit again after transformer pressure-reducing after the voltage stabilizing of LM2596 Switching Power Supply, and a road supplies communication module again after transformer pressure-reducing after the voltage stabilizing of LM2596 Switching Power Supply.It is implemented as 220V civil power respectively Jing San Road transformer reduce to the alternating current (as shown in Figure 2) of about 12V, then respectively through rectification and filtering link, obtain the direct current that three tunnels pulsation are less; Two-way to 5V, is respectively single-chip microcomputer respectively through the switching regulator IC voltage stabilizing of LM2596-5.0 model and communication part is powered (as shown in Figure 4), supplies signal acquisition circuit (as shown in Figure 3) after road linear voltage stabilizing chip 7812 voltage stabilizing to 12V.
LM7812 is 3 end integrated voltage-stabilized chips, belongs to linear voltage stabilization device, can export the fixed voltage of 12V; Its inside is integrated with overcurrent, overheated and overload protecting circuit, and band heat radiator can export the load current of maximum 1A; During use, outside need connect several filter capacitor.LM2596 regulator is step down supplies management monolithic integrated optical circuit, can export the drive current of 3A, has well linear and load regulation characteristic simultaneously.Fixing output 5V, the integrated frequency compensation of this device inside and fixed frequency generator, switching frequency is 150KHz, compared with low frequency switch regulator, can use the filter element of more small dimension.Because this device only needs 4 outward elements, can use general standard inductance, this more optimizes the use of LM2596, simplifies the design of switching power circuit, drastically increases the reliability of power supply.
Described single chip control module adopts the enhancement mode 51 single-chip microcomputer STC12C5A60S2 of Chinese macrocrystalline company as core processor, this single-chip microcomputer adopts macrocrystalline the 6th generation encryption technology to decipher, superpower antijamming capability, speed is fast, many I/O ports (double-serial port, integrated AD conversion), ram in slice memory space is large, support power down arousal function, super low-power consumption, is applicable to battery power supply system.Cheap, powerful, be highly suitable for native system.Single chip part circuit (as shown in Figure 5) comprises crystal oscillating circuit provides clock signal for it, reset circuit for its power on after realize Self-resetting and hand-reset, and 16 I/O mouths connect the output terminal of optocoupler to gather the signal of each sensor node, moreover be that the connection of Asynchronous Serial Interface and RS485 communication module is to complete remote data communication.Simultaneously unnecessary I/O mouth can use in order to the expansion of function in the future.
Described detection module is made up of mechanical part and electric part.The piston of mechanical part to be a diameter be 5cm adds the structure (as shown in Figure 8) of spring.Due to the elastic force effect by spring under Metallic rod state of nature, head can expose a part outside column chamber, when be squeezed power time, it can be pressed into column chamber gradually, when being pressed into a certain degree, the shell fragment of Metallic rod afterbody will engage with the shell fragment be fixed on column chamber, because shell fragment is two electrodes, therefore can produce an electric signal and imports Acquisition Circuit into.
Electric part is then the electric signal by collecting is realized by the coupling of optocoupler in the middle of the feeding single chip circuit of collection point, wherein have passed through electric signal arrives electric signal again transfer process to light signal, achieve electrical isolation, such design is the mutual interference in order to avoid Acquisition Circuit and control circuit.Concrete principle of work is, shell fragment contact is equivalent to the switch closed (as shown in Figure 6) in figure, so just connect the inlet circuit of optocoupler, it is made to send light signal, then optocoupler output terminal phototriode saturation conduction is made, the pin that level was driven high in the past becomes low level, becomes the signal that single-chip microcomputer judges.
Described communication module can be associated from the main frame of machine with terminal control room as one, and communication modes is RS-485 communication.RS-485 is that the multi-point communication standard of transmission line made by the balancing twisted-pair line that utilizes that U.S. electric industrial combination meeting (EIA) is formulated.It adopts differential signal to transmit, and maximum transmission distance can reach 1.2 km, and receiver minimum sensitivity can reach ± 200 mV, and peak transfer rate can reach 2.5 Mb/s.RS-485 agreement is the standard formulated for remote, high sensitivity, multi-point communication.Consider that this device is relatively far away with the communication distance of main frame, and the excellent properties that the transmission range of wireless transmission is limited, expensive, jitter lacks the features such as reliability and RS-485 communication, this device have employed RS-485 wire communication.That the interface chip of this RS-485 communication module adopts is SN75LBC184, it is half-duplex RS-485 communication chip, there is the chip of Instantaneous high-pressure inhibit feature, the improper high-voltage pulse impact that thunder and lightning, static discharge and alternating current fault cause can be resisted, reliability is very high, is well suited for and works under coal bunker material detects this complicated outdoor environment; This chip is dual-in-line 8 pin package (as shown in Figure 7), and wherein A, B are RS-485 bus interface, and RO is receiving end, and DI is transmitting terminal, and RE, DE are transmitting-receiving Enable Pin.
Communication module circuit concrete structure following (as shown in Figure 7), photo-coupler realizes the optically-coupled of signal, makes control circuit and communicating circuit electrical isolation simultaneously, avoids mutual interference, improve reliability; Low level is enable and high level is enable owing to being respectively for RE and DE, and can not be simultaneously enable under half duplex communication, therefore is connected together and is controlled by a single-chip processor i/o, realizes transmission-receiving function; Top cross-over connection in RS-485 bus resistance, to make impedance matching, reduce signal reflection on the transmission line, A transmission line is connected to a pull-up resistor simultaneously, B transmission line is connected to a pull down resistor, communication bus can be made like this can to have the bias voltage determined in case of a fault, prevent miscommunication.The P1 mouth of this communication module connects balancing twisted-pair line and can carry out communication by connecting communication main frame.
Described single chip control module comprises single-chip microcomputer main control chip, crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, wherein crystal oscillating circuit is by electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, crystal oscillator Y1 forms, wherein electric capacity C2 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL1 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C3 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL2 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the two ends of single-chip microcomputer main control chip input end of clock XTAL1 and XTAL2, reset circuit is by electric capacity C1, button S4, resistance R7 forms, wherein resistance R7 one end ground connection, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, button S4 mono-termination power, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C1 mono-termination load power source, the other end meets single-chip microcomputer reset terminal RST,
Described detection module, its electric part is made up of 16 identical circuit modules of circuit structure, and each module is made up of photoelectrical coupler, high-brightness LED, keyswitch (electrode contacts), optocoupler input end current-limiting resistance, optocoupler output terminal pull-up resistor.1 pin of optocoupler is connected to 12V power supply by an input end current-limiting resistance, and 2 pin connect the positive pole of LED, and LED negative pole connects button one end, button other end ground connection, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, and 4 pin are connected to 5V power supply by an output terminal pull-up resistor;
Described detection module, its mechanical part is made up of detection head, mechanical driving device, spring and electrode.Its electrode part is connected respectively at optical coupling isolator switch that output terminal connects two pins.Detection head then further can be selected according to actual requirement of engineering.
Described communication module forms primarily of three photoelectrical couplers and transition of communications chip SN75LBC184.Wherein, the R end of SN75LBC184 is signal receiving end, the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically R termination optocoupler 2 pin, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by current-limiting resistance, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor, 4 pin also connect the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer simultaneously, D end is signal sending end, the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically D termination optocoupler 4 pin, 4 pin are also connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor simultaneously, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, optocoupler 2 pin connects the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer, optocoupler 1 pin is connected to power supply by a current-limiting resistance, RE and DE is respectively transmitting-receiving control end, single-chip microcomputer control end is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically RE with DE connect together be attempted by optocoupler 3 pin, 3 pin are simultaneously by a pull down resistor ground connection, optocoupler 4 pin connects power supply, optocoupler 2 pin connects single-chip microcomputer control end, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by a current-limiting resistance, B end and A end together constitute RS-485 communication bus end, A end connects power supply by a pull-up resistor, B end is by a pull down resistor ground connection, an impedance matching resistor is also connected between side a and b, VCC and GND of chip connects VDD-to-VSS respectively in addition.
Claims (1)
1. a coal bunker material detection system, comprises power module, single chip control module, detection module and communication module, it is characterized in that: described power module adopts three road independent current sources, is respectively used to signals collecting, Single-chip Controlling and communication, described power module comprises step-down rectifier part, filtering and voltage stabilization part, wherein step-down rectifier part comprises step-down transformer T1, T2, T3 and commutation diode D19, D20, D21, D22, D24, D25, D26, D27, D28, D29, D30, D31, wherein the anode of D19 and the negative electrode of D24 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T1, the anode of D20 and the negative electrode of D25 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T1, the negative electrode of D19 and D20 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D24 and D25 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, the anode of similar D21 and the negative electrode of D26 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T2, the anode of D22 and the negative electrode of D27 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T2, the negative electrode of D21 and D22 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D26 and D27 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, the anode of D28 and the negative electrode of D30 are connected together and one end of connection transformer T3, the anode of D29 and the negative electrode of D31 are connected together and the other end of connection transformer T3, the negative electrode of D28 and D29 is connected to form the positive pole of rectification output, the anode of D30 and D31 is connected to form the negative pole of rectification output, filtering and voltage stabilization part comprise three pieces, first piece is the stabilized voltage supply of single chip control module, comprise voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, input capacitance C4, regulate inductance L 1, receive diode V1, output capacitance C5, wherein the input end pin 1 of voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D19, the input end pin 1 of the positive polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of input capacitance C4, negative polarity end ground connection, receive the output terminal pin 2 of diode V1 negative polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, positive ends ground connection, regulate the output terminal pin 2 of a termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of inductance L 1, the other end exports the positive source that+5V voltage connects control module, the positive polarity termination control module positive source of output capacitance C5, negative polarity end ground connection, second piece is the stabilized voltage supply of signal acquisition module, comprise LM7812 voltage stabilizing chip, input filtering electric capacity C6, output terminal filter capacitor C7, C8, the input end 1 of LM7812 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D21,2 pin ground connection, and 3 pin connect the positive source of signal acquisition module, the input end 1 of the positive polarity termination LM7812 of electric capacity C6, negative polarity end ground connection, the output terminal 3 of the positive polarity termination LM7812 of electric capacity C7, negative polarity end ground connection, the output terminal 3 of the one termination LM7812 of C8, other end ground connection, 3rd piece is the stabilized voltage supply of communication module, comprise voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, input capacitance C9, regulate inductance L 2, receive diode V2, output capacitance C10, wherein the input end pin 1 of voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 connects the negative electrode of commutation diode D28, the input end pin 1 of the positive polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of input capacitance C9, negative polarity end ground connection, receive the output terminal pin 2 of diode V2 negative polarity termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596, positive ends ground connection, regulate the output terminal pin 2 of a termination voltage stabilizing chip LM2596 of inductance L 2, the other end exports+5V Voltage On state news modular power source positive pole, the positive polarity terminating communications modular power source positive pole of output capacitance C10, negative polarity end ground connection,
Described single chip control module receives the data message of self-detection module, and processes this information and be sent to communication module and make it carry out telecommunication, described single chip control module comprises single-chip microcomputer main control chip, crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, wherein crystal oscillating circuit is by electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, crystal oscillator Y1 forms, wherein electric capacity C2 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL1 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C3 one end ground connection, the input end of clock XTAL2 of other end order sheet machine main control chip, crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the two ends of single-chip microcomputer main control chip input end of clock XTAL1 and XTAL2, reset circuit is by electric capacity C1, button S4, resistance R7 forms, wherein resistance R7 one end ground connection, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, button S4 mono-termination power, the reset terminal RST of other end order sheet machine main control chip, electric capacity C1 mono-termination load power source, the other end meets single-chip microcomputer reset terminal RST,
Described detection module is made up of jointly mechanical part and electric part, and mechanical part is for detecting coal bunker inwall side direction pressure signal, and electric part is for carrying out the conversion of electric signal, and the two completes the detection to coal charge thing position jointly; Described mechanical part is made up of detection head, mechanical driving device, spring and electrode, its electrode part is connected respectively at optical coupling isolator switch that output terminal connects two pins, the signal that mechanical part detects is coal bunker body of wall differing heights place the presence or absence of coal charge lateral pressure signal is born by institute, and by this signal as the judgement signal just of coal position in coal bunker; Described electric part is made up of 16 identical circuit modules of circuit structure, each module is made up of photoelectrical coupler, high-brightness LED, keyswitch or electrode contacts, optocoupler input end current-limiting resistance, optocoupler output terminal pull-up resistor, 1 pin of optocoupler is connected to 12V power supply by an input end current-limiting resistance, 2 pin connect the positive pole of LED, LED negative pole connects button one end, button other end ground connection, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to 5V power supply by an output terminal pull-up resistor;
Described communication module, for realizing the conversion between Investigation into Serial Communication of One-chip Computer signal and RS-485 protocol signal, thus realizes long-range RS-485 communication, described communication module is made up of three photoelectrical couplers and transition of communications chip SN75LBC184, wherein, the R end of SN75LBC184 is signal receiving end, the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically R termination optocoupler 2 pin, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by current-limiting resistance, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, 4 pin are connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor, 4 pin also connect the RXD end of single-chip microcomputer simultaneously, D end is signal sending end, the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically D termination optocoupler 4 pin, 4 pin are also connected to power supply by a pull-up resistor simultaneously, optocoupler 3 pin ground connection, optocoupler 2 pin connects the TXD end of single-chip microcomputer, optocoupler 1 pin is connected to power supply by a current-limiting resistance, RE and DE is respectively transmitting-receiving control end, single-chip microcomputer control end is connect by optical coupling isolation circuit, specifically RE with DE connect together be attempted by optocoupler 3 pin, 3 pin are simultaneously by a pull down resistor ground connection, optocoupler 4 pin connects power supply, optocoupler 2 pin connects single-chip microcomputer control end, optocoupler 1 pin connects power supply by a current-limiting resistance, B end and A end together constitute RS-485 communication bus end, A end connects power supply by a pull-up resistor, B end is by a pull down resistor ground connection, an impedance matching resistor is also connected between side a and b, VCC and GND of chip connects VDD-to-VSS respectively in addition.
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| CN109556684A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-02 | 淮安信息职业技术学院 | General type level sensing and remote transmitting system |
| CN112953474B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2023-08-22 | 深圳达远辰光科技有限公司 | PWM signal generation circuit and method applied to biological sample ultrasonic processing system |
| CN111381288A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-07 | 深圳市强华科技发展有限公司 | PCB drilling machine knife-breaking detection circuit and detection method thereof |
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