WO2023029572A1 - Méthode de préparation de nitrure d'aluminium - Google Patents

Méthode de préparation de nitrure d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023029572A1
WO2023029572A1 PCT/CN2022/092488 CN2022092488W WO2023029572A1 WO 2023029572 A1 WO2023029572 A1 WO 2023029572A1 CN 2022092488 W CN2022092488 W CN 2022092488W WO 2023029572 A1 WO2023029572 A1 WO 2023029572A1
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preparation
positive electrode
aluminum
reaction
solid
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PCT/CN2022/092488
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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蔡海兵
刘卫
刘勇奇
李长东
巩勤学
Original Assignee
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Priority to DE112022002488.7T priority Critical patent/DE112022002488T5/de
Priority to HU2400178A priority patent/HUP2400178A1/hu
Priority to ES202390236A priority patent/ES2970593A2/es
Priority to GB2318477.3A priority patent/GB2621958A/en
Publication of WO2023029572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023029572A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/072—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with aluminium
    • C01B21/0726—Preparation by carboreductive nitridation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
    • C01G3/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0056—Scrap treating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
    • C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
    • C22B15/0073—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
    • C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of recovery and reuse of waste lithium batteries, in particular to a preparation method of aluminum nitride.
  • lithium batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles, 3C consumer products, and energy storage batteries.
  • 3C refers to computers, communications, and consumer electronics. Electronic products The abbreviation of the three types of electronic products.
  • the existing dry process processes waste lithium batteries, and the recovered battery powder contains a large amount of valuable metals, and the investment cost for later cleaning is relatively high, and the waste residue after the existing process is directly piled up as solid waste, causing environmental pollution and waste of resources .
  • incineration and crushing and sorting are the most commonly used methods to deal with waste lithium batteries; incineration has high energy consumption, long process and low metal recovery rate.
  • the battery powder produced by the incineration method has high impurity content, and the post-processing cost is too high.
  • due to the low melting point of the positive electrode current collector metal aluminum it is easy to melt during heat treatment and will penetrate into the battery powder, making it difficult to separate valuable metals, which is not conducive to industrial production.
  • the crushing and separation process is simple, the production environment is harsh, the dust is scattered, and the equipment is prone to failure.
  • the copper-aluminum mixture of the product has a high content of nickel and cobalt, which is difficult to effectively recover and is not conducive to production.
  • ammonia and aluminum are mainly directly subjected to nitriding reaction, and then crushed and classified to obtain aluminum nitride powder, or fully mixed with alumina and carbon, and then reduced in an electric furnace at 1700°C to obtain nitriding. aluminum.
  • the metallic aluminum needs to be crushed to the micron level, which is extremely dangerous; during the reaction process, the pipeline may not be tightly sealed when nitrogen gas is filled, resulting in a violent reaction between the internal aluminum powder and the air, which is extremely unsafe and not conducive to the process Production.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned prior art. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for preparing aluminum nitride, which combines physical and chemical methods, can meet the industrial production requirements of environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and high resource recovery, and has a safe process and can prepare high-purity aluminum nitride .
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a preparation method of aluminum nitride comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) The aluminum hydroxide precipitation described in step (2) is mixed with the graphite material described in step (3) to granulate, and then the copper nitrate described in step (3) is added to mix and roast to obtain aluminum nitride and copper oxide.
  • the waste positive electrode powder is disassembled and crushed from waste lithium batteries to obtain broken positive and negative current collectors and separator paper, and then the broken positive current collectors are pyrolyzed and sieved to obtain Metal aluminum and waste cathode powder.
  • the crushing is shear crushing, and the sieve mesh aperture is selected to be 1 cm to 5 cm.
  • the pyrolysis temperature is 400-600° C.
  • the pyrolysis time is 0.5-1 h.
  • the sieving screen is selected from 5 to 20 mesh.
  • the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10-30 g/L.
  • the liquid-solid ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution and the spent positive electrode powder is 1: (1-3) L/g.
  • step (1) further includes performing wet leaching of the positive electrode powder to recover valuable metals.
  • the acid is one of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid; when the acid is hydrochloric acid, after the solid-liquid separation in step (2), aluminum hydroxide precipitation and sodium chloride solution are obtained .
  • the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 20-50%.
  • the sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed to produce sodium hydroxide, which is returned to step (1) for use.
  • the electrolysis voltage of the sodium chloride solution is selected as 220V.
  • the liquid-solid ratio of the water washing is 1: (1-2) L/g, and the washing time is 10-30 minutes.
  • the sieve used for the sieving is 5-10 mesh.
  • the mass fraction of the nitric acid is 30-50%.
  • the mass ratio of the aluminum hydroxide to the graphite material is (2-3):(1-2).
  • the mass ratio of copper nitrate to aluminum hydroxide is (1-3):1.
  • the particle diameter of the granulated particles is 0.5-2.0 mm.
  • Granulation after mixing aluminum hydroxide and graphite material is more conducive to the reaction: it is because the mixed material reacts directly, and the reactants are packed tightly, which is easy to cause incomplete reaction, poor gas circulation and small contact surface; after granulation , can improve its bulkiness, large contact surface, better gas circulation, and more conducive to complete reaction.
  • the calcination is carried out in three stages, the temperature of the first stage of calcination is 200-400°C, and the time of the first stage of calcination is 0.5-2h; the temperature of the second stage of calcination is 1000-1200°C. °C, the time of the second stage of calcination is 1 ⁇ 3h; the temperature of the third stage of calcination is 1400 ⁇ 1600°C, and the time of the third stage of calcination is 5 ⁇ 8h.
  • the calcination process also includes adding a catalyst for catalysis, and the catalyst is platinum wire.
  • the present invention uses a combination of physics and chemistry to process waste lithium batteries.
  • the waste lithium batteries are disassembled to obtain positive and negative current collectors and diaphragm paper.
  • the diaphragm paper can be sold directly, and then the positive and negative current collectors are broken separately to obtain positive and negative current collectors.
  • Negative current collector crushed material pyrolyze and sieve the positive current collector crushed material to obtain metal aluminum and waste positive electrode powder.
  • the low-temperature section is used to decompose copper nitrate into copper oxide and nitrogen dioxide, and the carbon monoxide produced by part of the carbon reacts with nitrogen dioxide to generate nitrogen, and platinum wire is added in the furnace body as a catalyst.
  • Alumina is decomposed into alumina powder, and graphite, alumina and nitrogen are synthesized into aluminum nitride powder in the high temperature section, which also reduces the subsequent carbon removal process.
  • the reaction process In the process of synthesizing aluminum nitride of the present invention, no additional delivery of nitrogen is needed, and the reaction process is in a self-sufficient state, so that the reaction is more stable, and the purity of the formed aluminum nitride is high.
  • the method of the invention directly treats the positive and negative electrodes separately, which reduces the difficulty of subsequent impurity removal.
  • the chemical dissolution method is used instead of physical crushing, and it is more beneficial to the removal of impurities in the positive electrode powder, because on the one hand, the aluminum source is obtained from the positive electrode powder, and on the other hand, the impurity metal aluminum is removed from the positive electrode powder.
  • the method of the present invention does not produce waste residue and waste water as a whole, has relatively stable reaction, simple operation process, high resource recovery rate, and can be put into production later.
  • Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • step (6) Mix the graphite material in step (5) with the aluminum hydroxide precipitate in step (4) at a mass ratio of 1:2, put them into the pelletizer, the size of the sphere is 1mm, and mix the copper nitrate solution and aluminum hydroxide by The mass ratio is 2:1 and the sphere is put into the same tube furnace respectively, and a small amount of platinum wire is put into the furnace.
  • the high-temperature roasting design is divided into three stages. At 1000°C, keep warm for 2 hours, and the three stages are as follows: the temperature is controlled at 1400°C, and the holding time is 6 hours, and finally aluminum nitride powder and copper oxide are obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, positive electrode powder and aluminum nitride powder are obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, copper oxide and aluminum nitride are sold directly, and the positive electrode powder can enter the wet process. leach.
  • step (6) Mix the graphite material in step (5) with the aluminum hydroxide precipitate in step (4) at a mass ratio of 1:2, put them into the pelletizer, the size of the sphere is 1mm, and mix the copper nitrate solution and aluminum hydroxide by The mass ratio is 3:1 and the sphere is put into the same tubular furnace respectively, and a small amount of platinum wire is put into the furnace.
  • the high-temperature roasting design is divided into three stages. At 1000°C, keep warm for 2 hours, and the three stages are as follows: the temperature is controlled at 1400°C, and the holding time is 6 hours, and finally aluminum nitride powder and copper oxide are obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, positive electrode powder and aluminum nitride powder are obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, copper oxide and aluminum nitride are sold directly, and the positive electrode powder can enter the wet process. leach.
  • step (6) Mix the graphite material in step (5) with the aluminum hydroxide precipitate in step (4) at a mass ratio of 1:1, put them into the pelletizer, the size of the sphere is 1mm, and mix the copper nitrate solution and aluminum hydroxide by The mass ratio is 2:1 and the sphere is put into the same tube furnace respectively, and a small amount of platinum wire is put into the furnace.
  • the high-temperature roasting design is divided into three stages. Control at 1200°C, keep warm for 2h; the third stage is; the temperature is controlled at 1600°C, keep warm for 6h, and finally remove carbon at 500°C under air circulation, keep warm for 1h to obtain aluminum nitride powder.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, positive electrode powder and aluminum nitride powder are obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, copper oxide and aluminum nitride are sold directly, and the positive electrode powder can enter the wet process. leach.
  • the preparation method of this comparative example aluminum nitride powder comprises the following steps:
  • step (6) Mix the graphite material in step (5) with the aluminum hydroxide precipitate in step (4) in a mass ratio of 1:2, put them into the pelletizer, the size of the spheres is 1mm, put the spheres into the tube furnace, Sufficient nitrogen is filled, and the high-temperature roasting design is divided into three stages.
  • the first stage is: the temperature is controlled at 200°C, and the heat preservation is 1h; the second stage is: the temperature is controlled at 1000°C, and the heat preservation is 2h; After 6 hours, aluminum nitride powder is finally obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum, positive electrode powder and aluminum nitride powder are obtained.
  • the separator paper, metal copper, metal aluminum and aluminum nitride are sold directly, and the positive electrode powder can be wet leached.
  • Nitric acid Copper requires additional processing.
  • the copper oxide heated by copper nitrate is highly feasible to be reduced to metallic copper, the product has good purity, high selling value, and strong recyclability.
  • the copper nitrate solution in the comparative example is not treated, and the impurity content of the substance is high, the direct sale value is low, additional processing is required, and it is toxic, harmful and explosive, and it is easy to cause a particularly large hidden danger if it is not handled in time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le domaine du recyclage de batteries au lithium usagées. L'invention concerne une méthode de préparation de nitrure d'aluminium. La méthode de préparation comprend les étapes suivantes consistant à : ajouter une solution d'hydroxyde de sodium à une poudre d'électrode positive usagée pour réaction, et effectuer une séparation solide-liquide pour obtenir une solution d'aluminate de sodium et une poudre d'électrode positive ; ajouter de l'acide à la solution d'aluminate de sodium pour réaction, effectuer une séparation solide-liquide, et extraire une phase solide pour obtenir un précipité d'hydroxyde d'aluminium ; effectuer un lavage à l'eau et un tamisage sur un collecteur de courant négatif, effectuer une séparation solide-liquide, extraire une phase solide et ajouter de l'acide nitrique pour réaction, et effectuer une séparation solide-liquide pour obtenir un matériau de graphite et du nitrate de cuivre ; mélanger le précipité d'hydroxyde d'aluminium avec le matériau de graphite, granuler le mélange, puis ajouter du nitrate de cuivre pour mélange, et effectuer une réaction de calcination pour obtenir du nitrure d'aluminium et de l'oxyde de cuivre. Selon la présente invention, de l'azote n'a pas besoin d'être additionnellement transporté dans le procédé de synthèse de nitrure d'aluminium, et un état d'auto-suffisance est toujours maintenu dans le procédé de réaction, de telle sorte que la réaction est plus stable, et la pureté du nitrure d'aluminium généré est élevée.
PCT/CN2022/092488 2021-08-31 2022-05-12 Méthode de préparation de nitrure d'aluminium WO2023029572A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112022002488.7T DE112022002488T5 (de) 2021-08-31 2022-05-12 Herstellungsverfahren von aluminiumnitrid
HU2400178A HUP2400178A1 (hu) 2021-08-31 2022-05-12 Eljárás alumínium-nitrid elõállítására
ES202390236A ES2970593A2 (es) 2021-08-31 2022-05-12 Metodo de preparacion del nitruro de aluminio
GB2318477.3A GB2621958A (en) 2021-08-31 2022-05-12 Preparation method for aluminum nitride

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CN202111014201.3 2021-08-31
CN202111014201.3A CN113753867B (zh) 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 一种氮化铝的制备方法

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DE (1) DE112022002488T5 (fr)
ES (1) ES2970593A2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2621958A (fr)
HU (1) HUP2400178A1 (fr)
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