WO2023026621A1 - 転がり軸受 - Google Patents
転がり軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023026621A1 WO2023026621A1 PCT/JP2022/021811 JP2022021811W WO2023026621A1 WO 2023026621 A1 WO2023026621 A1 WO 2023026621A1 JP 2022021811 W JP2022021811 W JP 2022021811W WO 2023026621 A1 WO2023026621 A1 WO 2023026621A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- amount
- dissolved
- rolling bearing
- solid solution
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rolling bearings.
- surface-initiated flaking is a phenomenon in which when foreign matter is mixed in lubricating oil, indentations occur on the raceway surface, stress is concentrated on the edges of the indentations, and fatigue cracks occur with these as starting points, leading to flaking.
- Patent Document 1 As a countermeasure against white structure exfoliation, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a steel material to which a large amount of Cr is added is used. However, if a large amount of Cr is added, the steel tends to crack during the manufacturing process, and the quenching temperature must be raised to obtain the necessary hardness in the bearing manufacturing process. sexuality declines. In Patent Documents 2 to 4, the amounts of C, Si, Mn and Mo are adjusted together with the amount of Cr to suppress the occurrence of delamination of white tissue while maintaining productivity.
- Patent Document 5 by optimally distributing Cr between the matrix structure and the carbide, both the matrix martensite structure and the spheroidized carbide are strengthened to delay the formation of the white structure.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 focus on the amount of Si, Mn, Cr, Ni and Mo dissolved in the matrix structure, and the technology leads to the precipitation of carbides that reduce rolling contact fatigue characteristics and a significant increase in material costs.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 do not sufficiently suppress the occurrence of white tissue delamination, and there is a demand for a technique that can further suppress the occurrence of white tissue delamination. Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing capable of suppressing the occurrence of white tissue exfoliation.
- the structure of the surface including at least the rolling surface has a dissolved carbon content in the martensitic structure after heat treatment of 0.35% by mass or more and 0.65% by mass or less, and the diameter
- a rolling bearing comprising a structure in which the volume fraction of spheroidized carbides with a diameter of 200 nm or more is 4.5% or less.
- a rolling bearing capable of suppressing the occurrence of delamination of white tissue.
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of C dissolved in the martensite structure and the life ratio of the G-1 product. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the total amount of Si, Mn, Cr and Mo dissolved in the martensitic structure and the life ratio of the G-1 product. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the spheroidized carbide volume fraction and the life ratio of the G-1 product.
- the inventors of the present invention focused on the state of the structure obtained after heat treatment, particularly the amount of solid solution elements in the martensite structure and spheroidized carbides, for applications where white structures occur during use of rolling bearings and lead to early flaking. , found that the generation of the white structure can be suppressed by appropriately controlling the amount of elements dissolved in the martensite structure and the spheroidized carbide.
- the treated inner ring and outer ring were ground to a finished shape, and combined with SUJ2 3/8-inch steel balls and a resin cage to produce a test bearing. Then, the test bearing was mounted on a radial type life tester, and a rolling contact fatigue life test was conducted under the following conditions. This test was performed seven times each, and the average value of the life (L50) at which the cumulative failure probability was 50% was obtained.
- ⁇ Lubricating oil Special lubricating oil that easily generates hydrogen due to decomposition of lubricating oil
- Table 2 shows the amounts of C, Si, Mn, Cr and Mo dissolved in the martensite structure after heat treatment, carbide volume fraction, hardness, retained austenite amount ⁇ R , and the results of the rolling contact fatigue life test.
- the unit of solid solution C, solid solution Si, solid solution Mn, solid solution Cr and solid solution Mo, which are the amounts of solid solution C, Si, Mn, Cr and Mo, is mass%, and the amount of retained austenite The unit is % by volume.
- the amount of solid solution elements in the martensitic structure was calculated by measuring the volume ratio of the spheroidized carbide and the amount of each solid solution element in the spheroidized carbide by EDS analysis, and subtracting it from the added amount of each element contained in the steel.
- the number of occurrences of white etching area is expressed by (the number of bearings in which white etching area was observed)/(the number of bearings subjected to the rolling contact fatigue test).
- the carbide volume fraction targets carbides with a diameter of 200 nm or more.
- the alphabet of the material number corresponds to the alphabet of the steel material number.
- Q in the heat treatment column indicates quenching treatment
- IH indicates induction hardening treatment.
- 1 to 3 show the life ratio of SUJ2 material to G-1, which is a standard heat-treated product, the amount of C dissolved in the martensitic structure, the total amount of alloying elements other than C dissolved in solid solution, and the volume of carbides. The results arranged by ratio are shown respectively. Since the object to be measured is almost spherical, the volume ratio can be obtained from the area ratio appearing in the cross section, and has almost the same value (ratio) as the area ratio.
- sample E-2 in which a large amount of Cr is dissolved (2.86% by mass) in the martensitic structure, produces white structures in all bearings, while samples A-1, Structures such as B-1, C-1, D-1 and D-2, in which the amount of solid solution C is 0.65% by mass or less and the volume fraction of spheroidized carbides is 4.5% or less are solid solution Si, No white structure was observed regardless of the amounts of Mn, Cr and Mo.
- the amounts of Si, Mn, Cr, and Mo dissolved in solid solution are equal to or less than those of the comparative material G-1, as in the sample B-1, although the life is somewhat extended, the other sample A-1 1, C-1, D-1 and D-2 have no life extension effect. It is believed that this is because Si, Mn, Cr and Mo dissolved in the martensitic structure affect the generation and propagation of cracks.
- the amount of carbon dissolved in the martensite structure after heat treatment is 0.35% by mass or more and 0.65% by mass or less, and the diameter is 200 nm or more. It has been found that the essential condition is that the volume fraction of carbide is 4.5% or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of solid solution carbon is the amount of C necessary to obtain the minimum hardness of 650 HV required for the bearing, "Materials Science and Engineering: A Vol. : Martensite in steel: strength and structure)".
- the total amount of solid solution of at least Si, Mn, Cr and Mo is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, and preferably 2.0% by mass or more. more preferred.
- the amount of solid-solution elements other than C is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, and preferably 2.0% by mass or more. more preferred.
- the long life effect can be further obtained.
- Si, Mn, Cr, and Mn for example, N, Ni, V, and Cu may be included in the elements whose solid solution amount is defined as described above as the solid solution amount of elements other than C.
- evaluation was performed on bearings that were tempered after hardening or induction hardening, but other heat treatment methods such as carburizing or carbonitriding may be used.
- the rolling bearing according to one embodiment of the present invention is based on the above findings.
- the surface structure including at least the rolling contact surface has a solute carbon content in the martensite structure after heat treatment of 0.35% by mass or more and 0.65% by mass or less, and the diameter It consists of a structure in which the volume fraction of spheroidized carbides with a diameter of 200 nm or more is 4.5% or less.
- the surface of the rolling bearing for which the solid solution carbon content and the volume ratio of the spheroidized carbide are defined is the hardened region of the rolling bearing, and is appropriately set according to the application and standard, for example, within 1 mm from the surface. be.
- the heat treatment method for the rolling bearing may be any one of quenching, carburizing, carbonitriding, and induction hardening.
- the amount of carbon dissolved in the matrix structure is not clear, and the amount of dissolved carbon has not been controlled.
- the present embodiment by controlling the solid solution carbon content and the volume ratio of the spherical carbide in the rolling bearing as described above, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of white etching area flaking, and an excellent rolling contact fatigue life can be achieved. Obtainable.
- the structure of the rolling bearing as elements other than iron and carbon, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, N, Ni, V and Cu are dissolved in the martensite structure in a total amount of 1.0% by mass or more. It is preferable that the solid solution is 2.0% by mass or more. Furthermore, with respect to the structure of the rolling bearing, the amount of dissolved carbon is 0.40% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, and the amount of dissolved Cr is 2.40% by mass or more and 2.95% by mass or less. more preferred. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the hardness of the surface including at least the rolling surface is 640 HV or more in the structure in which the amount of dissolved carbon and the amount of dissolved Cr are within the above ranges. With such a configuration, it is possible to further extend the life of the rolling bearing.
- the rolling bearing according to the present embodiment is applied, for example, as a bearing for automobiles, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, steel machinery, linear motion devices, and the like. More specifically, it is suitable for automotive electrical accessories, wind turbine generators, for example, alternator bearings and wind turbine bearings.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
特許文献6,7では基地組織中に固溶したSi、Mn、Cr、Ni及びMoの量に着目しており、転動疲労特性を低下させる炭化物の析出や大幅な素材コスト増につながる技術に頼ることなく、鋼材に水素が侵入する環境において優れた転動疲労寿命を有する高清浄度軸受用鋼を提供している。
そこで、本発明は、上記の課題に着目してなされたものであり、白色組織剥離の発生を抑制することができる、転がり軸受を提供することを目的としている。
ここで、本発明に先立ち、本発明者らは、転がり軸受の基地中に固溶するCやCr、Mn等の添加元素を変えて転動疲労寿命試験を行った。本試験では、まず、表1に示す合金組成の鋼材を旋削加工して深溝玉軸受6206用の内輪及び外輪を作製した。なお、表1において、Oの単位は質量ppmであり、O以外の元素の単位は質量%である。次いで、作成した内輪及び外輪に焼入れ処理又は高周波熱処理を行った後、焼戻し処理を施した。さらに、処理を施した内輪及び外輪を研削加工して完成形状とし、SUJ2製3/8インチ鋼球及び樹脂製保持器と組み合わせて試験軸受を作製した。そして、試験軸受をラジアル型寿命試験機に装着し、下記条件にて転動疲労寿命試験を行った。本試験は各7回行い、累積破損確率が50%になる寿命(L50)の平均値を求めた。
・試験荷重(ラジアル荷重):910kgf
・回転速度:3000min-1
・潤滑油:潤滑油の分解により水素が発生しやすい特殊潤滑油
すなわち、本発明の一実施形態に係る転がり軸受は、上記の知見に基いたものである。本実施形態に係る転がり軸受は、少なくとも転動面を含む表面の組織について、熱処理後のマルテンサイト組織中の固溶炭素量が0.35質量%以上0.65質量%以下であり、且つ直径が200nm以上の球状化炭化物の体積率が4.5%以下の組織からなる。また、固溶炭素量及び球状化炭化物の体積率が規定される転がり軸受の表面とは、転がり軸受の硬化領域であり、例えば表面から1mm以内といったように、用途や規格に応じて適宜設定される。なお、転がり軸受に対する熱処理の手法は、焼入れ処理、浸炭処理、浸炭窒化処理、高周波焼入れ処理のいずれのものであってもよい。
Claims (5)
- 少なくとも転動面を含む表面の組織が、熱処理後のマルテンサイト組織中の固溶炭素量が0.35質量%以上0.65質量%以下であり、かつ直径が200nm以上の球状化炭化物体積率が4.5%以下の組織からなる、転がり軸受。
- 前記マルテンサイト組織中に、Si、Mn、Cr、Mo、N、Ni、V及びCuが合計で1.0質量%以上固溶している、請求項1に記載の転がり軸受。
- 前記固溶炭素量が0.40質量%以上0.60質量%以下であり、固溶Cr量が2.40質量%以上2.95質量%以下である、請求項2に記載の転がり軸受。
- 少なくとも転動面を含む表面の硬さが640HV以上である、請求項3に記載の転がり軸受。
- 前記熱処理は、焼入れ処理、浸炭処理、浸炭窒化処理、高周波焼入れ処理のいずれかの手法である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の転がり軸受。
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KR1020247004718A KR20240054970A (ko) | 2021-08-24 | 2022-05-27 | 롤러 베어링 |
CN202280054829.2A CN117795114A (zh) | 2021-08-24 | 2022-05-27 | 滚动轴承 |
JP2022559827A JP7264319B1 (ja) | 2021-08-24 | 2022-05-27 | 転がり軸受 |
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JP2021-136612 | 2021-08-24 | ||
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KR (1) | KR20240054970A (ja) |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002257144A (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-11 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり軸受 |
JP2004060797A (ja) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-26 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | ローラ部材およびその製造方法 |
JP2005068453A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法 |
JP2021088751A (ja) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 転動部品及びその製造方法 |
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JPS5018995B1 (ja) | 1970-06-08 | 1975-07-03 | ||
JPS583618U (ja) | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-11 | キンセキ株式会社 | クシ形フイルタ |
JPH0181652U (ja) | 1987-11-18 | 1989-05-31 | ||
JP2698438B2 (ja) | 1989-07-06 | 1998-01-19 | 森松工業株式会社 | タンク底面の保温構造 |
JPH0546901A (ja) | 1991-08-09 | 1993-02-26 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 記録トラツクの直線性測定方法及び装置 |
JP2005147352A (ja) | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-09 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり軸受 |
JP2016069695A (ja) | 2014-09-30 | 2016-05-09 | 日本精工株式会社 | 転がり軸受 |
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- 2022-05-27 JP JP2022559827A patent/JP7264319B1/ja active Active
- 2022-05-27 WO PCT/JP2022/021811 patent/WO2023026621A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-05-27 CN CN202280054829.2A patent/CN117795114A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002257144A (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-11 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり軸受 |
JP2004060797A (ja) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-26 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | ローラ部材およびその製造方法 |
JP2005068453A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法 |
JP2021088751A (ja) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 転動部品及びその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: A, vol. 273-275, no. 15, 1999, pages 40 - 57 |
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JP7264319B1 (ja) | 2023-04-25 |
CN117795114A (zh) | 2024-03-29 |
JPWO2023026621A1 (ja) | 2023-03-02 |
KR20240054970A (ko) | 2024-04-26 |
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