WO2022219687A1 - 波長変換光学素子 - Google Patents
波長変換光学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022219687A1 WO2022219687A1 PCT/JP2021/015229 JP2021015229W WO2022219687A1 WO 2022219687 A1 WO2022219687 A1 WO 2022219687A1 JP 2021015229 W JP2021015229 W JP 2021015229W WO 2022219687 A1 WO2022219687 A1 WO 2022219687A1
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- wavelength conversion
- optical element
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- wavelength
- periodically poled
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 50
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003327 LiNbO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
- G02F1/377—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3775—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation in an optical waveguide structure with a periodic structure, e.g. domain inversion, for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3544—Particular phase matching techniques
- G02F1/3548—Quasi phase matching [QPM], e.g. using a periodic domain inverted structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3558—Poled materials, e.g. with periodic poling; Fabrication of domain inverted structures, e.g. for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to optical elements using nonlinear optical effects, and more specifically, to wavelength conversion optical elements used in optical communication systems and optical measurement systems.
- Wavelength conversion is known as a fundamental nonlinear optical effect. This wavelength conversion is a technique that can convert light incident on a nonlinear optical medium into light having a different wavelength. Due to such characteristics, wavelength conversion is widely put into practical use as a technique for generating light in a wavelength band that is difficult to oscillate with a single laser.
- 1/ ⁇ 3 1/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 (equation 3)
- SHG and SFG are used in various techniques because they newly generate short-wavelength light (that is, high-energy light) with respect to incident light. For example, when realizing phase sensitive amplification by optical parametric amplification, signal light and strong pumping light are required, and SHG is used as means for generating this pumping light.
- the three interacting wavelengths have a phase mismatch of zero.
- One of the means for achieving this is to periodically reverse the polarization of the nonlinear optical material (that is, form a periodically polarized anti-structure) to pseudo-zero the phase mismatch amount. Assuming that the inversion period is ⁇ , if the inversion period ⁇ that satisfies the following (Equation 4) is set for the light of wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , and ⁇ 3 in the SFG shown in (Equation 1), the phase The mismatch amount can be zero.
- n1 is the refractive index at wavelength ⁇ 1
- n2 is the refractive index at wavelength ⁇ 2
- n3 is the refractive index at wavelength ⁇ 3 .
- Non-Patent Document 1 ridge-type optical waveguides have been developed that can utilize the properties of the crystal bulk as they are as wavelength conversion optical elements, and have features such as high optical damage resistance, long-term reliability, and ease of device design (for example, , Non-Patent Document 1).
- This ridge-type optical waveguide is formed by bonding two substrates, thinning one of the substrates, and applying ridge processing.
- a direct bonding technique is known as a technique for firmly bonding the substrates without using an adhesive or the like when bonding the substrates.
- a direct-bonded ridge-type waveguide using this technology can receive strong light, and along with the advancement of waveguide technology, we have succeeded in making the core smaller, and its wavelength conversion efficiency is steadily improving. (For example, see Non-Patent Document 2).
- the present invention is a technique for solving the above problems, and its purpose is to realize the generation of high-intensity converted waves with high efficiency.
- one embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength conversion optical element having a periodically poled waveguide for generating a converted wave of high intensity with high efficiency, wherein the periodic
- the polarization-inverted waveguide includes a core for wavelength-converting a fundamental wave incident on an input end and outputting the converted wave from an output end, and a clad surrounding the core.
- the wavelength conversion optical element as described above, it is possible to efficiently generate a high-intensity converted wave. Furthermore, there is an effect that it can contribute to the reduction of the device manufacturing process and the simplification of the device structure as compared with the conventional technology.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a periodically poled waveguide having a structure in which the poling period of the core is changed in an inclined manner
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a periodically poled waveguide having a structure in which the width of the core is changed in an inclined manner
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a wavelength conversion optical element having a structure with a changed poling period
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a wavelength conversion optical element in which the width of the core is changed in an inclined manner
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a wavelength conversion optical element having a structure with a changed poling period
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a wavelength conversion optical element in which the refractive index of the core is changed in a sloping manner
- a wavelength conversion optical element is a periodically poled waveguide that generates high-order harmonic light from an incident fundamental wave and emits desired wavelength-converted light from the output end of the element. be.
- the phase matching condition differs from the prior art in that the phase matching condition changes in an inclined manner from the entrance end to the exit end.
- the temperature of the element rises from the entrance end to the exit end. Therefore, in this embodiment, phase mismatching due to heat generation is suppressed by changing the function of the wavelength conversion optical element in an inclined manner so that phase matching can be achieved in a high-temperature environment as the phase matching condition approaches from the input end to the output end.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a periodically poled waveguide having a structure in which the poling period of the core is changed in an inclined manner, according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram showing a core portion of a periodically poled waveguide, which may be either a ridge-type optical waveguide or an embedded waveguide.
- a periodically poled waveguide When the periodically poled waveguide is used as a ridge type optical waveguide or the like, at least part of the clad covering the periphery of the core becomes an air layer.
- the periodically poled waveguide 10 has a core 11 that converts the wavelength of light, an incident end 12 at which the fundamental light 14 is incident at one end on one side, and a converted wave 15 wavelength-converted by the core 11 at one end on the opposite side.
- the polarization inversion period becomes obliquely shorter as it approaches the output end 13 from the input end 12 . That is, in the optical axis direction of the periodically poled waveguide 10, the length of the region in which the polarization is set in one direction gradually shortens from the incident end 12 toward the exit end 13. .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a periodically poled waveguide having a structure in which the width of the core is graded according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the periodically poled waveguide 20 includes a core 21 that performs wavelength conversion of light, an incident end 22 that receives the fundamental light 24, and an output end 23 that outputs a converted wave 25 wavelength-converted by the core 21. It has a structure in which the width of the core 21 becomes obliquely shorter as it approaches the output end 23 from the end 22 . That is, in the optical axis direction of the periodically poled waveguide 20, the lengths of the regions in which the polarization is set in one direction are equal, and as the incident end 22 approaches the output end 23, the direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction is increased.
- the core 21 has a structure in which the width gradually decreases.
- a periodically poled waveguide is used in which the core structure changes in the optical axis direction so as not to break the phase matching condition shown in (Equation 4) as it approaches the output end from the incident end. This structure suppresses phase mismatch due to light absorption in the waveguide and accompanying heat generation, and can generate a converted wave with high efficiency.
- Materials that make up optical waveguides include silicon (Si), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), indium phosphide (InP), dielectrics such as polymers, semiconductors, Alternatively, it is selected from nonlinear optical materials composed of compounds obtained by adding additives to these materials.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment according to the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 5.
- FIG. 1 As the core of the nonlinear optical waveguide approaches the output end, the polarization reversal period changes in a sloping manner.
- the present invention relates to a wavelength conversion element with a gradually changing wavelength.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wavelength conversion optical element having a structure in which the poling period is gradually changed according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a wavelength conversion optical element 30 in this embodiment includes the periodically poled waveguide 10 shown in FIG. It has a structure in which the polarization inversion period becomes shorter as it approaches the output end 13 . That is, in the optical axis direction of the periodically poled waveguide 10, the length of the region in which the polarization is set in one direction gradually shortens from the incident end 12 toward the exit end 13. .
- the core 11 uses a LiNbO 3 -based ferroelectric and is directly bonded to the substrate 31 made of LiTaO 3 .
- Such a wavelength conversion optical element is designed to convert light in the 1.5 ⁇ m wavelength band into double wave light in the vicinity of a wavelength of 775 nm.
- the polarization reversal period in this embodiment is designed so that the phase is matched at the desired wavelength in the vicinity of the incident end 12, and the length of the region in which the polarization is set becomes shorter as the exit end 13 is approached. It is This corresponds to shifting the phase matching wavelength to the short wavelength side when using a nonlinear optical waveguide of LiNbO 3 system.
- the phase matching wavelength shifts to the longer wavelength side as the temperature rises. A converted wave can be generated efficiently.
- the wavelength conversion optical element in which the polarization inversion period of the core 11 is gradually changed from the entrance end 12 to the exit end 13 is not limited to the case where the core 11 is made of a LiNbO 3 -based ferroelectric material. . Therefore, it is also applicable to periodically poled waveguides using other nonlinear optical materials for the core 11. Similarly, by maintaining the phase matching condition, phase mismatch due to heat generation is suppressed, and the converted wave is efficiently generated. has the effect of generating
- the waveguide is an example of a ridge-type optical waveguide in which the core is directly bonded to the substrate, but as described above, the same effect can be obtained even with an embedded waveguide.
- a cladding 56 is provided surrounding the core 51 in the waveguide, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a wavelength conversion optical element with a graded core width, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the wavelength conversion optical element 40 in this embodiment includes the periodically poled waveguide 20 shown in FIG. It has a structure in which the width of the core 21 decreases obliquely as it approaches the output end 23 . That is, in the optical axis direction of the periodically poled waveguide 20, the lengths of the regions in which the polarization is set in one direction are equal, and as the incident end 22 approaches the output end 23, the direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction is increased.
- the core 21 has a structure in which the width gradually decreases.
- the core 21 of the wavelength conversion optical element here uses a LiNbO 3 -based ferroelectric material, and is directly bonded to a substrate 41 made of LiTaO 3 .
- Such a wavelength conversion optical element is designed to convert light in the 1.5 ⁇ m wavelength band into double wave light in the vicinity of a wavelength of 775 nm.
- the wavelength conversion optical element according to this embodiment configured as described above, quasi-phase matching in which polarization is periodically inverted is used for phase matching, as in the first embodiment. Also, this polarization inversion period is designed to be phase-matched at a desired wavelength in the vicinity of the incident end face. However, unlike the first embodiment, the polarization inversion period of the core 21 is constant. ing. This corresponds to shifting the phase matching wavelength to the short wavelength side when using a nonlinear optical waveguide of LiNbO 3 system. Therefore, by adopting such a form, it is possible to obtain the same effect as in the first embodiment and to generate a converted wave with high efficiency.
- the wavelength conversion optical element in which the width of the core 21 is changed from the entrance end 22 toward the exit end 23 is not limited to the case where the core 21 is made of a LiNbO 3 -based ferroelectric material. Therefore, even if the wavelength conversion optical element uses another nonlinear optical material for the core 21, the same effect can be obtained. Further, whether the width of the core 21 is shortened or lengthened from the entrance end 22 toward the exit end 23 depends on the nonlinear optical material and the structure of the element. Therefore, the change in width of core 21 is preferably designed to cancel the phase mismatch due to temperature rise of the device.
- the refractive index of the core changes in a gradient manner. It relates to a wavelength conversion optical element in which the refractive index in each region changes gradually with respect to the optical axis direction of the waveguide.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a wavelength conversion optical element with a graded core refractive index according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the wavelength conversion optical element 60 in this embodiment includes a periodically poled waveguide 61 and a substrate 63 bonded to the lower surface of a core 62 included in the periodically poled waveguide 61, and approaches an exit end 65 from an incident end 64. It has a structure in which the refractive index of the core 62 gradually decreases as it increases. That is, the core has a different refractive index for each period of the polarization inversion period, and the refractive index in each region gradually decreases as it approaches from the incident end 64 to the exit end 65 in the optical axis direction of the waveguide.
- the core 62 of the wavelength conversion optical element here uses a LiNbO 3 -based ferroelectric material, and is directly bonded to a substrate 63 made of LiTaO 3 .
- Such a wavelength conversion optical element is designed to convert light in the 1.5 ⁇ m wavelength band into double wave light in the vicinity of a wavelength of 775 nm.
- the polarization inversion period of the core 62 is constant, that is, the length of the region in which the polarization is set in one direction is equal in the optical axis direction of the periodically poled waveguide.
- the core width in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the core 62 is also constant.
- the refractive index of the core in the ridge type optical waveguide is gradually changed, but the refractive index of the clad in the embedded waveguide may be gradually changed.
- the refractive index may be gradually changed.
- the refractive index is changed by changing the composition ratio in this embodiment, the refractive index may be changed by applying other materials. In designing the structure of such an element, it is preferable to design so as to cancel the phase mismatch due to the temperature rise of the element.
- the present invention is expected to be used in the field of optical communication, the field of quantum information communication using light, and the field of optical measurement systems as a technology for generating a high-intensity converted wave with high efficiency.
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Abstract
Description
1/λ3=1/λ1+1/λ2 (式1)
λ3=λ1/2 (式2)
一方、(式3)を満たす波長変換は、差周波発生(Difference Frequency Generation:以下、DFGという)と呼ばれる。
1/λ3=1/λ1―1/λ2 (式3)
さらに、波長λ1の光のみを入力し、(式3)の関係を満たす別の光(波長がλ2の光と波長がλ3の光別の光)を発生することも可能である(光パラメトリック効果と呼ばれる)。特にSHG、SFGは入射光に対して短波長の光(すなわち、エネルギーの高い光)を新たに生成するため、様々な技術に利用されている。例えば,光パラメトリック増幅による位相感応増幅を実現する場合、信号光と強い励起光が必要となるが、この励起光を生成する手段としてSHGが利用される。
n3/λ3-n2/λ2-n1/λ1-1/Λ=0 (式4)
ここで、n1は波長λ1での屈折率、n2は波長λ2での屈折率、n3は波長λ3での屈折率である。
以下に、図3および図5を参照して、本発明による第1の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態は、非線形光学導波路のコアが出射端に近づくにつれ、分極反転周期が傾斜的に変化する、すなわち、導波路の光軸方向において、一方の向きに分極が設定された領域の長さが徐々に変化する波長変換素子に関する。
以下に、図4を参照して、本発明による第2の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態は、非線形光学導波路のコアが出射端に近づくにつれ、コアの幅が傾斜的に変化する、すなわち、導波路の光軸方向において、光軸方向とは垂直の向きのコア幅が徐々に変化する波長変換光学素子に関する。
以下に、本発明による第3の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態は、非線形光学導波路のコアが出射端に近づくにつれ、コアの屈折率が傾斜的に変化する、すなわち、コアは分極反転周期の1周期毎に異なる屈折率を有しており、それぞれ領域における屈折率が導波路の光軸方向に対して、徐々に変化する波長変換光学素子に関する。
Claims (7)
- 周期分極反転導波路を備えた波長変換光学素子であって、
前記周期分極反転導波路は、入射端に入射された基本波を波長変換し、出射端から変換波を出射するコアと、
前記コアの周囲を覆うクラッドとを備え、
前記周期分極反転導波路が、前記入射端から前記出射端に向かい、擬似位相整合が取られるように、素子の構造が徐々に変化する
波長変換光学素子。 - 請求項1記載の波長変換光学素子であって、前記周期分極反転導波路おいて、前記周期分極反転導波路の光軸方向における一方の向きに分極が設定された領域の長さが、前記入射端から前記出射端に近づくにつれ、徐々に変化する構造を有する
波長変換光学素子。 - 請求項1に記載の波長変換光学素子であって、前記周期分極反転導波路において、前記周期分極反転導波路の光軸方向における一方の向きに分極が設定された領域の長さが等しく、
前記入射端から前記出射端に近づくにつれて、光軸方向とは垂直の向きの前記コアの幅が、徐々に変化する構造を有する波長変換光学素子。 - 請求項1に記載の波長変換光学素子であって、前記周期分極反転導波路の屈折率が、前記入射端から前記出射端に向かい、徐々に変化している波長変換光学素子。
- 請求項4に記載の波長変換光学素子であって、前記周期分極反転導波路に用いられる材料の組成比が、前記入射端から前記出射端に向かい、徐々に変化している波長変換光学素子。
- 請求項4に記載の波長変換光学素子であって、前記周期分極反転導波路に用いられる材料が、前記入射端から前記出射端に向かい、徐々に変化している波長変換光学素子。
- 請求項1に記載の波長変換光学素子であって、前記クラッドが空気層を含む波長変換光学素子。
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