WO2022186215A1 - 作業機械 - Google Patents
作業機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022186215A1 WO2022186215A1 PCT/JP2022/008656 JP2022008656W WO2022186215A1 WO 2022186215 A1 WO2022186215 A1 WO 2022186215A1 JP 2022008656 W JP2022008656 W JP 2022008656W WO 2022186215 A1 WO2022186215 A1 WO 2022186215A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- boom
- machine
- work
- bucket
- allowable range
- Prior art date
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
- E02F9/262—Surveying the work-site to be treated with follow-up actions to control the work tool, e.g. controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
- E02F3/437—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like providing automatic sequences of movements, e.g. linear excavation, keeping dipper angle constant
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/10—Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
- E02F9/12—Slewing or traversing gears
- E02F9/121—Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
- E02F9/123—Drives or control devices specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
- E02F9/2033—Limiting the movement of frames or implements, e.g. to avoid collision between implements and the cabin
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
- B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
- B60Y2200/412—Excavators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
- E02F9/2228—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to working machines.
- a multi-joint working machine for example, a hydraulic excavator having a front working device (for example, a boom, an arm, and an attachment such as a bucket) driven by a hydraulic actuator is known.
- This type of work machine has a transport operation of transporting an object such as excavated earth and sand toward a loaded machine such as a transport machine (for example, a dump truck), and a loading operation of the transported object by the transport operation.
- a discharging operation for example, a soil discharging operation
- the front working device When performing loading work, if the position of the front working device (for example, the position of the bucket) is lower than the loaded machine, the front working device may interfere with the loaded machine during the transport operation. On the other hand, if the position of the front implement is too high relative to the loaded machine, the ejected object may damage the loaded machine. For example, a hydraulic excavator for mining may discharge about 50 tons of earth and sand into a dump truck in one earth dumping operation. may cause great damage to the dump truck. The operator of the work machine that performs the loading work needs to check the position of the machine to be loaded and interlock the swinging motion of the upper rotating body with the rotating motion of the front working device, so it is necessary to have proficient skills. There is
- Patent Document 1 A technique for supporting such loading work is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the height is equal to the dumping position
- the distance from the turning center of the upper rotating body is equal to the distance from the turning center to the dumping position
- the loaded machine is placed below the bucket.
- a loading machine control device is disclosed that includes an avoidance position identifying unit that identifies an interference avoidance position that is a nonexistent position.
- the loading machine control device of Patent Document 1 automatically moves the bucket from the excavation completion position to the interference avoidance position when an operator inputs an operation signal instructing soil dumping.
- the loading machine control device of Patent Document 1 stops the operation of the front work device, continues the swinging motion of only the upper swing body, and automatically moves the bucket to the dumping position. That is, the loading machine control device of Patent Literature 1 moves the bucket along a trajectory passing through the interference avoidance position and the dumping position, so the operator may feel uncomfortable depending on the trajectory.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a work machine that can assist the loading work without giving the operator a sense of discomfort.
- a working machine of the present invention provides a carrying operation for carrying an object toward a loaded machine, and discharging the object carried by the carrying operation to the loaded machine.
- a work machine for loading the object onto the loading machine by performing a discharging operation comprising: an upper rotating body that revolves relative to the lower traveling body; and a boom, an arm, and a bucket attached to the upper revolving body.
- an attitude detection device for detecting a rotation angle of the work device and a rotation angle of the upper revolving body
- an object detection device for detecting the position of the loaded machine
- a control device for controlling body motion, wherein the control device moves the upper rotating body in a height direction of the work device that is permitted during the rotating motion based on the detection result of the object detection device.
- an allowable range calculation unit that calculates an allowable range indicating a possible range; and a motion determination that determines whether or not the carrying motion is being performed based on the detection result of the attitude detection device and the detection result of the object detection device.
- the allowable range calculation unit calculates a lower limit value of the position in the height direction at which interference of the working device with the loaded machine in the transporting operation can be avoided, the dimensions and capacity of the bucket, and the object. calculating, as the allowable range, a range of rotation angle of the boom determined by an upper limit value of the position in the height direction determined based on at least one of the type and the specific gravity of the object; Characterized by
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a working machine according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a hydraulic system mounted on the work machine shown in FIG. 1;
- the figure which shows the functional structure of the control apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reference coordinate system set in the control device shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a view of the reference coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 viewed from another direction;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an allowable range calculated by an allowable range calculator shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing processing related to loading support control performed by the control device shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of updating the correlation map shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6; FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of a working machine of Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing processing related to loading support control performed by the control device shown in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing processing related to loading support control performed by the control device of the third embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a screen displayed on the display device of Embodiment 4;
- the work machine of the present embodiment performs a carrying operation of carrying an object toward the loading machine and a releasing operation of releasing the object transported by the carrying operation to the loading machine, thereby carrying the object. It is a working machine that loads onto a loaded machine.
- a hydraulic excavator having a bucket will be described as an example of a working machine.
- the working machine of the present embodiment may be a hydraulic excavator equipped with an attachment other than a bucket, or may be a working machine other than a hydraulic excavator that performs the above-described carrying operation and discharging operation to load an object. There may be.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a working machine 1 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. 1
- the work machine 1 performs an excavation work of excavating a surface to be excavated such as the ground, and a loading work of loading the excavated object such as earth and sand onto a loading machine such as a transport machine such as a dump truck. .
- the work machine 1 performs the above-described carrying operation and discharging operation in this loading operation.
- the working machine 1 includes an articulated front working device 2 that holds an object and rotates vertically or longitudinally, and a machine body 3 on which the front working device 2 is mounted.
- the front working device 2 is an example of the "working device" described in the claims.
- the machine main body 3 includes a lower traveling body 5 that travels by a right traveling hydraulic motor 4a and a left traveling hydraulic motor 4b provided on the right and left sides of the lower traveling body 5, and an upper portion of the lower traveling body 5 via a swing device. and an upper slewing body 7 mounted on the slewing device and swiveled by a slewing hydraulic motor 6 of the slewing device.
- the right travel hydraulic motor 4a and the left travel hydraulic motor 4b are also collectively referred to as "travel hydraulic motors 4a and 4b".
- the front working device 2 is an articulated working device composed of a plurality of front members attached to the front portion of the upper revolving body 7 .
- the upper revolving body 7 mounts the front work device 2 and revolves.
- the front working device 2 includes a boom 8 that is vertically rotatably connected to the front portion of the upper rotating body 7 , an arm 9 that is vertically rotatably connected to the tip of the boom 8 , and an arm 9 . and a bucket 10 connected to the tip end of the bucket 10 so as to be vertically rotatable.
- the boom 8 is connected to the upper slewing body 7 by a boom pin 8a, and rotates as the boom cylinder 11 expands and contracts.
- the arm 9 is connected to the tip of the boom 8 by an arm pin 9a, and rotates as the arm cylinder 12 expands and contracts.
- the bucket 10 is connected to the tip of the arm 9 by a bucket pin 10a and a bucket link 16, and rotates as the bucket cylinder 13 expands and contracts.
- a boom angle sensor 14 that detects the rotation angle of the boom 8 is attached to the boom pin 8a.
- An arm angle sensor 15 for detecting the rotation angle of the arm 9 is attached to the arm pin 9a.
- a bucket angle sensor 17 that detects the rotation angle of the bucket 10 is attached to the bucket link 16 .
- the rotation angles of the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10 are obtained by detecting each angle of the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10 with respect to a reference plane such as a horizontal plane with an inertia measurement device and converting them into rotation angles. may be Further, the rotation angles of the boom 8, the arm 9 and the bucket 10 may be obtained by detecting the strokes of the boom cylinder 11, the arm cylinder 12 and the bucket cylinder 13 with a stroke sensor and converting them into respective rotation angles. .
- a tilt angle sensor 18 that detects the tilt angle of the machine body 3 with respect to a reference plane such as a horizontal plane is attached to the upper swing body 7 .
- a turning device between the lower traveling body 5 and the upper turning body 7 is provided with a turning angle sensor 19 for detecting a turning angle, which is a relative angle of the upper turning body 7 with respect to the lower traveling body 5 .
- An angular velocity sensor 20 for detecting the angular velocity of the upper revolving body 7 is attached to the upper revolving body 7 .
- the boom angle sensor 14, the arm angle sensor 15, the bucket angle sensor 17, the tilt angle sensor 18, and the turning angle sensor 19 are also collectively referred to as "posture detection device 53".
- the posture detection device 53 detects each rotation angle of the front working device 2, the rotation angle of the upper rotating body 7, and the like.
- An operation device for operating a plurality of hydraulic actuators 4a, 4b, 6, 11, 12, and 13 is installed in the operator's cab provided in the upper swing body 7. Specifically, the operation device operates a right travel lever 23a for operating the right travel hydraulic motor 4a, a left travel lever 23b for operating the left travel hydraulic motor 4b, the boom cylinder 11, and the bucket cylinder 13. and a left operation lever 22b for operating the arm cylinder 12 and the swing hydraulic motor 6. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the right travel lever 23a, the left travel lever 23b, the right operation lever 22a, and the left operation lever 22b are also collectively referred to as "operation levers 22, 23". The operating levers 22 and 23 are of an electric lever type.
- an object detection device 54 that detects the types and positions of objects existing around the work machine 1 is attached to the upper revolving body 7 .
- the object detection device 54 may be, for example, a LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) or a stereo camera.
- the object detection device 54 can detect the position of the loaded machine on which the work machine 1 performs the loading operation.
- a plurality of object detection devices 54 may be attached to the work machine 1 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the hydraulic system mounted on the working machine 1 shown in FIG.
- An engine 103 that is a prime mover mounted on the upper swing body 7 drives a hydraulic pump 102 and a pilot pump 104 .
- the control device 40 controls the rotational movement of the front working device 2, the traveling movement of the lower traveling body 5, and the movement of the upper revolving body 7 in accordance with the operation information (operating amount and operating direction) of the operation levers 22 and 23 by the operator. Controls turning motion. Specifically, the control device 40 detects operation information (operation amount and operation direction) of the operation levers 22 and 23 by the operator using sensors 52a to 52f such as rotary encoders or potentiometers, and responds to the detected operation information. Control commands are output to the electromagnetic proportional valves 47a-47l.
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 47a to 47l are provided in the pilot line 100, and operate when a control command from the control device 40 is input, output pilot pressure to the flow control valve 101, and operate the flow control valve 101.
- the operation information of the operation levers 22 and 23 by the operator is also referred to as "operator's operation instruction”.
- the sensors 52a to 52f that detect this operation information are also collectively referred to as the "operation detection device 52".
- the flow control valve 101 supplies pressurized oil from a hydraulic pump 102 to each of the swing hydraulic motor 6, the arm cylinder 12, the boom cylinder 11, the bucket cylinder 13, the right travel hydraulic motor 4a, and the left travel hydraulic motor 4b. Control is performed according to the pilot pressure from the electromagnetic proportional valves 47a-47l.
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 47 a and 47 b output pilot pressure to the flow control valve 101 for controlling the pressure oil supplied to the swing hydraulic motor 6 .
- Electromagnetic proportional valves 47 c and 47 d output pilot pressure for controlling pressure oil supplied to arm cylinder 12 to flow control valve 101 .
- Electromagnetic proportional valves 47 e and 47 f output pilot pressure for controlling pressure oil supplied to boom cylinder 11 to flow control valve 101 .
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 47 g and 47 h output pilot pressure for controlling the pressure oil supplied to the bucket cylinder 13 to the flow control valve 101 .
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 47i and 47j output pilot pressure to the flow control valve 101 for controlling the pressure oil supplied to the traveling right hydraulic motor 4a.
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 47k and 47l output pilot pressure to the flow control valve 101 for controlling the pressure oil supplied to the traveling left hydraulic motor 4b.
- the boom cylinder 11, the arm cylinder 12, and the bucket cylinder 13 expand and contract by the supplied pressure oil, and rotate the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10, respectively. Thereby, the position and posture of the bucket 10 change.
- the swing hydraulic motor 6 is rotated by the supplied pressure oil to swing the upper swing body 7 .
- the right traveling hydraulic motor 4a and the left traveling hydraulic motor 4b are rotated by the supplied pressure oil to cause the lower traveling body 5 to travel.
- the travel hydraulic motors 4a and 4b, the turning hydraulic motor 6, the boom cylinder 11, the arm cylinder 12, and the bucket cylinder 13 are also collectively referred to as "hydraulic actuators.”
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the functional configuration of the control device 40 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reference coordinate system set in control device 40 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a view of the reference coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 viewed from another direction.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the allowable range calculated by the allowable range calculator 46 shown in FIG.
- the control device 40 includes an attitude calculation unit 41, a speed calculation unit 42, a speed vector calculation unit 43, a loaded machine position calculation unit 44, a motion determination unit 45, an allowable range calculation unit 46, and a motion control unit. 48.
- a reference coordinate system that specifies the positions and orientations of the components of the work machine 1 is preset in the control device 40 .
- the reference coordinate system of this embodiment is defined as a right-handed coordinate system whose origin is the point where the lower traveling body 5 and the ground G are in contact with each other in the turning center 120 .
- the forward direction of the lower traveling body 5 is defined as the positive direction of the X axis.
- the direction in which the center of rotation 120 extends upward is defined as the positive direction of the Z axis.
- the reference coordinate system of this embodiment is defined to be orthogonal to each of the X-axis and the Z-axis, with the left side being the positive direction of the Y-axis.
- the XY plane is fixed to the ground G in the reference coordinate system of this embodiment.
- the turning angle of the upper turning body 7 is defined as 0 degrees when the front work device 2 is parallel to the X axis.
- the swing angle of the upper swing structure 7 is 0 degrees
- the plane of operation of the front working device 2 is parallel to the XZ plane
- the direction of the upward movement of the boom 8 is the positive direction of the Z axis
- the arm 9 and the bucket 10 The dump direction is the positive direction of the X-axis.
- the attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the attitudes of the constituent elements of the work machine 1 in the reference coordinate system from the detection signals of the attitude detection device 53 . Specifically, the attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 with respect to the X axis from the detection signal of the rotation angle of the boom 8 output from the boom angle sensor 14 . The attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the rotation angle ⁇ am of the arm 9 with respect to the boom 8 from the detection signal of the rotation angle of the arm 9 output from the arm angle sensor 15 . Posture calculation unit 41 calculates a rotation angle ⁇ bk of bucket 10 with respect to arm 9 from the detection signal of the rotation angle of bucket 10 output from bucket angle sensor 17 . The attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the turning angle ⁇ sw of the upper turning body 7 with respect to the X-axis (lower traveling body 5) from the detection signal of the turning angle of the upper turning body 7 output from the turning angle sensor 19 .
- the attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the calculated rotation angles ⁇ bm , ⁇ am , and ⁇ bk of the front work device 2 , the rotation angle ⁇ sw of the upper rotating body 7 , the dimension L bm of the boom 8 , and the dimension of the arm 9 .
- the dimension Lbm of the boom 8 is the length from the boom pin 8a to the arm pin 9a.
- the dimension L am of the arm 9 is the length from the arm pin 9a to the bucket pin 10a.
- the dimension Lbk of the bucket 10 is the length from the bucket pin 10a to the tip of the bucket 10 (for example, the tip of the tooth).
- the attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the inclination angle ⁇ of the machine body 3 (lower traveling body 5) with respect to the reference plane DP from the inclination angle detection signal of the machine body 3 output from the inclination angle sensor 18 .
- the reference plane DP is, for example, a horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
- the tilt angle ⁇ includes the pitch angle, which is the rotation angle about the Y-axis, and the roll angle, which is the rotation angle about the X-axis.
- the attitude calculation unit 41 calculates the ground angle ⁇ , which is the angle of the bucket 10 with respect to the ground G, from the rotation angles ⁇ bm , ⁇ am , and ⁇ bk of the front work device 2 .
- the ground angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 is the angle formed with the ground G by a straight line passing through the tip of the bucket 10 and the bucket pin 10a.
- the speed calculation unit 42 calculates each speed of the hydraulic actuators 6, 11, 12, and 13 from the detection signal of the operation detection device 52. Specifically, the control device 40 stores in advance a table showing the correspondence between the operation amounts of the operation levers 22 and 23 and the speeds of the hydraulic actuators 6 , 11 , 12 and 13 . By referring to this table, the speed calculation unit 42 calculates the respective speeds of the hydraulic actuators 6, 11, 12, 13 from the operation amount included in the operation information of the operation levers 22, 23 output from the operation detection device 52. Calculate.
- the speed calculator 42 can convert the speed of the swing hydraulic motor 6 into the swing speed of the upper swing structure 7 .
- the speed calculator 42 can convert the speed of the boom cylinder 11 into the rotation speed of the boom 8 .
- the speed calculator 42 can convert the speed of the arm cylinder 12 into the rotation speed of the arm 9 .
- the speed calculator 42 can convert the speed of the bucket cylinder 13 into the rotational speed of the bucket 10 .
- the speed calculation unit 42 calculates the respective rotation speeds of the front work device 2 by calculating changes over time in the respective rotation angles ⁇ bm , ⁇ am , and ⁇ bk of the front work device 2 calculated by the attitude calculation unit 41 . can be calculated.
- the speed calculation unit 42 may calculate the swing speed of the upper swing structure 7 by calculating the change over time of the swing angle ⁇ sw of the upper swing structure 7 calculated by the posture calculation unit 41 .
- the velocity vector calculation unit 43 calculates a velocity vector generated in the front work device 2 based on the calculation result of the posture calculation unit 41 and the calculation result of the speed calculation unit 42 . Specifically, the velocity vector calculation unit 43 calculates the rotation angles ⁇ bm , ⁇ am , and ⁇ bk of the front work device 2 and the rotation angle ⁇ sw of the upper swing body 7 , the rotation speeds of the front work device 2 and the upper rotation angle ⁇ sw. A velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is calculated based on the revolving speed of the revolving body 7 .
- the loaded machine position calculation unit 44 calculates the position of the loaded machine in the reference coordinate system from the position of the loaded machine detected by the object detection device 54 .
- the object detection device 54 is attached to the upper revolving structure 7 . Therefore, the loaded machine position calculation unit 44 calculates the position of the loaded machine in the reference coordinate system based on the turning angle ⁇ sw of the upper rotating body 7 and the mounting position of the object detection device 54 with respect to the reference coordinate system. can be calculated.
- the motion determination unit 45 determines whether or not the work machine 1 is in a transport motion. Specifically, the motion determination unit 45 determines the ground angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 calculated by the posture calculation unit 41 based on the detection result of the posture detection device 53 and the velocity vector calculation unit 43 based on the detection result of the posture detection device 53. and the position of the loaded machine calculated by the loaded machine position calculator 44 based on the detection result of the object detection device 54 . of the bucket 10 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the direction of the velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is the direction toward the loaded machine, and the front work device 2 is loaded.
- the machine position has not been reached, it is determined that the work machine 1 is in the transporting operation. of the bucket 10 is less than a predetermined value, the direction of the velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is not in the direction toward the loaded machine, or the front work device 2 is loaded.
- the position of the machine it is determined that the work machine 1 is not in the carrying operation.
- the allowable range calculation unit 46 calculates the allowable range indicating the range in which the front work device 2 can move in the height direction while the upper swing body 7 is swinging. . Specifically, the allowable range calculation unit 46 calculates the lower limit of the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction that can avoid the interference of the front work device 2 with the loaded machine in the transport operation, and the position of the object in the discharge operation.
- the range of the rotation angle of the boom 8, which is determined by the upper limit of the position of the front working device 2 in the height direction capable of avoiding damage to the loaded machine due to the movement of the boom 8, is calculated as the allowable range.
- the allowable range calculation unit 46 determines the height of the boom 8 corresponding to the lower limit of the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction that can avoid the interference of the front work device 2 with the loaded machine during the transport operation. Let the rotation angle ⁇ bm be the lower limit of the allowable range. In the present embodiment, the allowable range calculation unit 46 calculates the rotation of the boom 8 corresponding to the upper limit of the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction that can avoid damage to the loaded machine by the object in the release operation. Let the angle ⁇ bm be the upper limit of the allowable range.
- the relationship between the lower limit of the allowable range for the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction and the turning angle ⁇ sw until the front work device 2 reaches the position of the loaded machine is defined as a “correlation Also called Map A.
- the relationship between the upper limit value of the allowable range for the position of the front working device 2 in the height direction and the turning angle ⁇ sw is also referred to as "correlation map B".
- a correlation map A is defined as the relationship between the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 corresponding to the lower limit value of the permissible range and the swing angle ⁇ sw .
- a correlation map B is defined as the relationship between the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 corresponding to the upper limit value of the permissible range and the swing angle ⁇ sw .
- the allowable range calculator 46 calculates the allowable range. The following description assumes that the width dimension of the work machine 1 can be ignored.
- the height Zam of the tip of the arm 9 from the ground G in the reference coordinate system is given by the following equation using the height Loz of the boom pin 8a from the ground G in the reference coordinate system.
- Equation (2) a ll , b ll , and ⁇ bmll are coefficients relating to the synthesis of trigonometric functions.
- the allowable height of the tip of the arm 9 from the ground G (the upper limit of the position in the height direction of the front working device 2) at which the object does not damage the loaded machine is Zul .
- the upper limit value ⁇ bmul of the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 at this time is given by the following equation.
- the upper limit value ⁇ bmul of the rotation angle ⁇ bm may be a predetermined constant value.
- Equation (3) a ul , b ul , and ⁇ bmul are coefficients relating to the synthesis of trigonometric functions.
- the height Zul is set in advance based on at least one of the dimension L bk or capacity of the bucket 10, the type of soil to be excavated, and the specific gravity (weight) of the soil to be excavated, or a combination thereof. be able to.
- the height Zul can be set in advance according to the relationship (combination) between the dimension Lbk or capacity of the bucket 10 and the type and specific gravity (weight) of the soil to be excavated.
- the height Zul may be a fixed value obtained by adding four times the dimension Lbk of the bucket 10 to the height of the tip of the arm 9 from the ground G.
- the height Zul is set so that the greater the total weight of the objects loaded into the loading machine in one loading operation, the greater the damage to the loading machine during the discharging operation.
- the height Zul is obtained by adding four times the dimension Lbk of the bucket 10 to the height of the tip of the arm 9 from the ground G, as the reference Z of the height Zul . Damage can be set to be adjustable.
- the height Zul may be set to be lower as the capacity of the bucket 10 is larger, or may be set to be lower as the specific gravity (weight) of the object to be excavated such as earth and sand is higher. good.
- the height Z ul may be set so as to be lower as the average size of the object (for example, the average particle size of earth and sand) or as the variation in size increases.
- Table 1 summarizes the setting contents of the height Zul in consideration of these factors.
- Table 1 summarizes the relationship (combination) between the capacity of the bucket 10, the type of object, the specific gravity of the object, and the height Zul .
- the work machine 1 has an input device 57 for an operator to input information about the capacity of the bucket 10, the type of object, and the specific gravity.
- the allowable range calculator 46 of the control device 40 is configured to set and adjust the height Zul based on the information input by the input device 57 .
- the work machine 1 may have a receiving device that receives information about the capacity of the bucket 10 and the type and specific gravity of the object from outside (for example, a control system or the like).
- the tolerance calculator 46 of the controller 40 may then be configured to set and adjust the height Zul based on the information received by the receiver.
- the work machine 1 may have an imaging device that images an object.
- the work machine 1 may have an acquisition device that acquires map information, position information of the work machine 1, and topographical information (for example, information about stratum components, etc.) of the work site associated with the map information. good.
- the allowable range calculation unit 46 of the control device 40 determines the type and specific gravity of the object based on the image of the object imaged by the imaging device or the information acquired by the acquisition device, and then determines the type and specific gravity of the object. may be configured to set and adjust the height Z ul based on .
- the working machine 1 does not set and adjust the height Zul based on the information about the capacity of the bucket 10, the type and specific gravity of the object, but rather allows the operator to directly input the height Zul into the input device 57. may set and adjust the height Zul .
- the position X am of the tip of the arm 9 in the reference coordinate system in the X-axis direction is obtained by using the position Lox in the X-axis direction and the position Loy in the Y-axis direction of the boom pin 8a with respect to the origin in the reference coordinate system. is given as
- Equation (5) The turning angle ⁇ swT when the front work device 2 reaches the loaded machine is given by the following equation using the X-axis position Xt of the loaded machine in the reference coordinate system.
- Equation (5) a swT , b swT , and ⁇ swT are coefficients relating to the synthesis of trigonometric functions.
- ⁇ bmS be the rotation angle of the boom 8 and ⁇ swS be the rotation angle of the upper rotating body 7 when the operation determining unit 45 determines that the transport operation is being performed .
- B is obtained. If the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 or the rotation angle ⁇ am of the arm 9 changes during the transportation operation, the front end of the arm 9 may reach the loaded machine when the front working device 2 reaches the loaded machine.
- the desired height Zll, the lower limit ⁇ bmll of the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 at this time, and the turning angle ⁇ swT required to reach the position Xt of the loaded machine also change. Therefore, the allowable range calculator 46 sequentially updates the correlation map A shown in FIG.
- the correlation map A calculated by the allowable range calculator 46 shows how the rotation angle ⁇ bm corresponding to the lower limit of the allowable range changes in accordance with the change in the turning angle ⁇ sw .
- the rotation angle ⁇ bm corresponding to the lower limit of the allowable range monotonously increases as the turning angle ⁇ sw increases, as shown in FIG.
- the correlation map B shows how the turning angle ⁇ bm corresponding to the upper limit of the allowable range changes with changes in the turning angle ⁇ sw .
- the rotation angle ⁇ bm that is, ⁇ bmul ) corresponding to the upper limit of the allowable range is a predetermined constant value as shown in FIG. constant.
- the motion control unit 48 controls the rotation speed of the front work device 2 so that the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction stays within the allowable range. to control the rotation of the front working device 2 .
- the motion control unit 48 determines that the position in the height direction of the front work device 2 that moves in accordance with the operator's operation instruction for the front work device 2 falls below the lower limit value or exceeds the upper limit value of the allowable range. expected), invalidate the operation instruction. Then, the motion control unit 48 controls the rotation speed of the front work device 2 so that the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction remains within the allowable range.
- the motion control unit 48 rotates the boom 8 so that the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction stays within the allowable range. Control speed. Specifically, the operation control unit 48 controls the rotation speed of the boom 8 ( target rotation speed).
- the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 may fall below the correlation map A because the operator does not raise the boom 8 or the amount of operation for raising the boom 8 is insufficient. May be expected.
- the operation control unit 48 invalidates the operation instruction of the operator that the rotation angle ⁇ bm falls below the correlation map A, and automatically raises the boom 8 so that the rotation angle ⁇ bm exceeds the correlation map A. Therefore, the target rotation speed of the boom 8 is calculated.
- the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 is predicted to exceed the correlation map B because the operator raises the boom 8 by an excessive amount.
- the operation control unit 48 invalidates the operation instruction of the operator in which the rotation angle ⁇ bm exceeds the correlation map B, and automatically lowers the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 so that it falls below the correlation map B. Therefore, the target rotation speed of the boom 8 is calculated. Further, in the work machine 1, for example, it may be predicted that the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 exceeds the correlation map B when the operator raises the arm 9 or the like. In this case, the operation control unit 48 invalidates the operator's operation instruction in which the rotation angle ⁇ bm exceeds the correlation map B, and automatically lowers the boom 8 so that the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 falls below the correlation map B. A target rotation speed of the boom 8 is calculated to perform the operation.
- the motion control unit 48 then calculates the target speed of the boom cylinder 11 corresponding to the target rotation speed of the boom 8 . Then, the operation control unit 48 outputs a control command for operating the boom cylinder 11 according to the target speed of the boom cylinder 11 to the electromagnetic proportional valves 47a to 47l (specifically, the electromagnetic proportional valves 47e and 47f). .
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 47a to 47l (specifically, the electromagnetic proportional valves 47e and 47f) generate pilot pressure for controlling the pressure oil supplied to the boom cylinder 11, output it to the flow control valve 101, and Cylinder 11 is operated according to the target speed.
- the boom 8 rotates according to the target rotation speed, and the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 remains within the allowable range.
- the operation control unit 48 may predict that the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 will remain within the allowable range between the correlation maps A and B depending on the operator's operation. In this case, the motion control unit 48 controls the rotating motion of the boom 8 so that the boom 8 rotates according to the operation instruction of the operator.
- control intervention to support the loading work by invalidating the operator's operation instruction such as when the boom 8 is automatically raised or lowered
- the control device 40 indicates that the control intervention will be performed. Generates information indicating Then, the control device 40 can notify the operator by displaying information indicating that the control intervention is to be performed on the display device 55 or emitting a sound from the speaker.
- performing control intervention to assist the loading operation by invalidating the operator's operation instruction is also referred to as "loading assistance control".
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing processing related to loading support control performed by the control device 40 shown in FIG.
- step S101 the control device 40 determines whether the ground angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value is the lower limit value of the ground angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 when the bucket 10 holds the object. If the ground angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the bucket 10 may be holding an object, and the work machine 1 may be in the process of transporting. When the ground angle ⁇ of bucket 10 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, control device 40 determines that work machine 1 may be in the process of carrying, and proceeds to step S102. On the other hand, when the ground angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 is less than the predetermined value, the control device 40 determines that the work machine 1 is not in the carrying operation, and terminates this process.
- step S102 the control device 40 determines whether or not the direction of the velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is directed toward the loaded machine. If the direction of the velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is directed toward the loaded machine, there is a possibility that the front working device 2 is moving toward the loaded machine and the working machine 1 is in the transporting operation. There is When the direction of the velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is directed toward the loaded machine, the control device 40 determines that the work machine 1 may be carrying out a transporting operation, and proceeds to step S103. . On the other hand, if the direction of the velocity vector generated at the tip of the arm 9 is not directed toward the loaded machine, the control device 40 determines that the work machine 1 is not in the carrying operation, and terminates this process.
- step S103 the control device 40 determines whether or not the front working device 2 has reached the position of the loaded machine. If the front work device 2 has reached the position of the loaded machine, there is a possibility that the transport operation has ended. When the front working device 2 has not reached the position of the loaded machine, the control device 40 determines that the working machine 1 may be in the transporting operation, and proceeds to step S104. On the other hand, when the front work device 2 has reached the position of the loaded machine, the control device 40 determines that the work machine 1 is not in the carrying operation, and terminates this process.
- step S104 the control device 40 calculates correlation maps A and B.
- the control device 40 calculates the lower limit value and upper limit value of the allowable range of the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 .
- step S105 the control device 40 determines whether or not the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 falls below the correlation map A by the operator's operation. When the rotation angle ⁇ bm is below the correlation map A, the control device 40 proceeds to step S108. On the other hand, when the rotation angle ⁇ bm does not fall below the correlation map A, the control device 40 proceeds to step S106.
- step S106 the control device 40 determines whether or not the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 exceeds the correlation map B by the operator's operation. When the rotation angle ⁇ bm exceeds the correlation map B, the control device 40 proceeds to step S109. On the other hand, when the rotation angle ⁇ bm does not exceed the correlation map B, the control device 40 proceeds to step S107.
- step S107 the control device 40 controls the rotation operation of the boom 8 so that the boom 8 rotates according to the operator's operation instruction. After that, the control device 40 terminates this process.
- step S108 the control device 40 nullifies the operation instruction of the operator whose rotation angle ⁇ bm is below the correlation map A.
- the control device 40 automatically raises the boom 8 so that the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 exceeds the correlation map A. After that, the control device 40 terminates this process.
- step S ⁇ b>109 the control device 40 nullifies the operator's operation instruction in which the rotation angle ⁇ bm exceeds the correlation map B.
- the control device 40 automatically lowers the boom 8 so that the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 falls below the correlation map B.
- the control device 40 terminates this process.
- step S109 if the rotation angle ⁇ bm of the boom 8 does not exceed the correlation map B, the control device 40 does not automatically lower the boom 8, but rotates the boom 8. You can stop automatically.
- the control device 40 of the first embodiment indicates the range of positions in the height direction of the front work device 2 that is permitted during the swinging motion of the upper swing body 7 based on the detection result of the object detection device 54. It includes an allowable range calculator 46 for calculating an allowable range.
- the control device 40 includes a motion determination unit 45 that determines whether or not the carrying motion is being performed based on the detection result of the posture detection device 53 and the detection result of the object detection device 54 .
- the control device 40 includes an operation control unit 48 that controls the rotation operation of the boom 8 so that the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction remains within the allowable range when it is determined that the transport operation is being performed.
- the allowable range calculation unit 46 calculates the lower limit of the position in the height direction of the front work device 2 capable of avoiding the interference of the front work device 2 with the loaded machine in the transportation operation, the capacity of the bucket 10, and the target object.
- the range of the rotation angle of the boom 8 determined by the upper limit value of the position in the height direction of the front work device 2 obtained based on the type or specific gravity of the boom 8 is calculated as the allowable range.
- the work machine 1 of Embodiment 1 does not move the front work device 2 only along a specific trajectory, but if the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction remains within the allowable range, It can be moved along various trajectories that reflect the operator's intentions. Furthermore, this allowable range is defined in the height direction of the front working device 2 so as to avoid interference of the front working device 2 with the loaded machine and avoid damage to the loaded machine of the object. is the range of positions of . Therefore, the work machine 1 of Embodiment 1 can support the loading work without causing discomfort to the operator while suppressing interference with the loaded machine and damage to the loaded machine.
- the operation control unit 48 of the first embodiment invalidates the operator's operation instruction when the height direction position of the front working device 2 that moves according to the operator's operation instruction is below the lower limit value or above the upper limit value. Then, the motion control unit 48 controls the rotation speed of the boom 8 so that the position of the front working device 2 in the height direction remains within the allowable range.
- the work machine 1 of the first embodiment can maintain the height direction position of the front work device 2 by control intervention. can be reliably kept within acceptable limits. Therefore, the working machine 1 of Embodiment 1 can positively support the loading work without causing discomfort to the operator while reliably suppressing interference with the loaded machine and damage to the loaded machine. can.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of updating the correlation map A shown in FIG.
- the allowable range calculation unit 46 updates the allowable range by setting the position in the height direction of the front work device 2 when the operation instruction is not detected as a new lower limit value.
- the boom 8 moves so as to stay within the allowable range during the turning motion according to the operation instruction of the operator.
- a situation is assumed in which the rate of increase of the angle ⁇ bm is greater than that of the correlation map A.
- the dashed-dotted arrow in FIG. 8 indicates that the operator interrupted the operation to raise the boom 8 at the turning angle ⁇ swS1 .
- the operation detection device 52 fails to detect the operation instruction while the boom 8 is rotating within the allowable range according to the operator's operation instruction.
- the allowable range calculation unit 46 newly calculates the correlation map A1 using the rotation angle ⁇ bmS1 corresponding to the turning angle ⁇ swS1 when the operation instruction is not detected. That is, the allowable range calculation unit 46 updates the allowable range by setting the position in the height direction of the front work device 2 when the operation instruction is not detected as a new lower limit value.
- the rotation angle ⁇ bmS1 is shown as the rotation angle ⁇ bm corresponding to the updated lower limit of the allowable range.
- the work machine 1 of Embodiment 1 can reliably suppress interference with the loaded machine and damage to the loaded machine, and can assist the loading operation without causing discomfort to the operator as much as possible.
- the operation control unit 48 invalidates the operator's operation instruction in which the rotation angle ⁇ bm exceeds the correlation map B.
- the operation control unit 48 automatically lowers the boom 8 and automatically stops the rotation operation of the boom 8 so that the rotation angle ⁇ bm does not exceed the correlation map B. Controls rotation speed.
- the work machine 1 of Embodiment 1 can reliably suppress interference with the loaded machine and damage to the loaded machine, and can assist the loading operation without causing discomfort to the operator as much as possible.
- FIG. 1 A working machine 1 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
- FIG. 1 of Embodiment 2 descriptions of the same configurations and operations as those of Embodiment 1 are omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the functional configuration of the work machine 1 of Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG.
- the work machine 1 of Embodiment 2 includes an object information acquisition device 56 that acquires information on the object held by the front work device 2, that is, the object held by the bucket 10.
- the object information acquisition device 56 is configured by, for example, a weight detection device that detects the weight of the bucket 10 or the weight of the object held by the bucket 10 .
- the motion determination unit 45 of the second embodiment adds the acquisition result of the object information acquisition device 56 to the determination condition of the first embodiment as a determination condition for determining whether or not the work machine 1 is in a transporting motion. and make the determination.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing processing related to loading support control performed by the control device 40 shown in FIG.
- control device 40 performs the same processes as steps S101 to S103 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. However, if the front working device 2 has not reached the position of the loaded machine in step S103, the control device 40 determines that the working machine 1 may be in the transporting operation, and proceeds to step S201. Transition.
- step S201 the control device 40 determines, based on the acquisition result of the object information acquisition device 56, whether or not there are enough objects in the bucket 10 to carry out the transportation operation. For example, the control device 40 determines that the weight of the bucket 10 acquired by the object information acquisition device 56 is less than the weight of the bucket 10 when there is not a sufficient amount of objects in the bucket 10 (hereinafter also referred to as “predetermined weight”). is also greater. The control device 40 determines that a sufficient amount of objects are present in the bucket 10 when the weight of the bucket 10 acquired by the object information acquisition device 56 is greater than a predetermined weight. In this case, the control device 40 determines that the work machine 1 may be in the transporting operation, and proceeds to step S104.
- predetermined weight a sufficient amount of objects in the bucket 10
- control device 40 determines that a sufficient amount of objects does not exist in bucket 10 . In this case, the control device 40 determines that the work machine 1 is not in the transporting operation, and terminates this process.
- control device 40 performs the same processes as steps S104 to S109 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- step S201 only needs to be performed before step S104, and need not be performed between steps S103 and S104.
- Step S201 may be performed before step S101, for example.
- the motion determination unit 45 of the second embodiment determines whether or not the bucket 10 holds an object based on the acquisition result of the object information acquisition device 56, and determines whether the object is being transported based on the determination result. It is determined whether or not.
- the operation determination unit 45 of the second embodiment can more accurately determine that the work machine 1 is in the transporting operation than in the first embodiment. Therefore, the work machine 1 of the second embodiment can grasp the intention of the operator who performs the operation related to the transport operation more accurately than the first embodiment. work can be supported.
- Embodiment 3 A working machine 1 according to Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 11 .
- description of the same configuration and operation as those of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 will be omitted.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing related to loading support control performed by the control device 40 of the third embodiment.
- steps S101 to S104 performed before step S105 are the same as those in the first or second embodiment, illustration thereof is omitted.
- control device 40 of the third embodiment adds steps S301 to S303 to steps S101 to S109 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7, and performs processing related to loading support control.
- step S105 shown in FIG. 11 when the rotation angle ⁇ bm is below the correlation map A, the control device 40 proceeds to step S301. On the other hand, when the rotation angle ⁇ bm does not fall below the correlation map A, the control device 40 proceeds to step S106.
- step S301 even if the control device 40 controls the rotation speed of the boom 8 to the maximum rotation speed at the current swing speed and raises the boom 8, the rotation angle ⁇ bm falls below the correlation map A. Determine whether or not
- the control device 40 expresses the correlation map A using the rotation speed of the boom 8 and the rotation speed of the upper rotating body 7 as shown in the following equation.
- the controller 40 converts the rotation speed of the boom 8 in the following equation into the speed of the boom cylinder 11 .
- the control device 40 determines whether or not the converted speed of the boom cylinder 11 is greater than the maximum value of the speed of the boom cylinder 11 stored in advance.
- ⁇ is a coefficient representing the slope of the correlation map A.
- the control device 40 proceeds to step S302.
- the control device 40 proceeds to step S108.
- step S302 the control device 40 calculates a turning speed that satisfies the relationship of formula (6) from the maximum value of the speed of the boom cylinder 11.
- the control device 40 automatically decelerates the swing motion of the upper swing body 7 so that the upper swing body 7 swings at the calculated swing speed. That is, the operation control unit 48 of the control device 40 controls the upper rotating body so that the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction exceeds the lower limit of the allowable range when the boom 8 is raised at least at the maximum rotation speed. Controls the turning speed of 7.
- step S303 the control device 40 automatically raises the boom 8 at a rotation speed corresponding to the reduced swing speed. After that, the control device 40 terminates this process.
- control device 40 performs the same processes as steps S106 to S109 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 or the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- the motion control unit 48 of the third embodiment controls the rotation speed of the boom 8 when the position in the height direction of the front work device 2 that moves according to the operator's operation instruction is below the lower limit value of the allowable range. is controlled to the maximum rotational speed, if the height direction position of the front working device 2 is below the lower limit of the allowable range, the upper revolving body 7 is adjusted so that the height direction position of the front working device 2 is above the lower limit. to control the turning speed of the
- the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction is about to fall below the lower limit of the allowable range due to the excessive swing operation amount of the upper swing body 7 by the operator.
- the position of the front work device 2 in the height direction can be reliably kept within the allowable range. Therefore, the work machine 1 of Embodiment 3 can reliably suppress interference with the loaded machine and damage to the loaded machine, and can assist the loading operation without giving the operator a sense of discomfort.
- Embodiment 4 A working machine 1 according to Embodiment 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 12 .
- description of the same configuration and operation as those of Embodiments 1 to 3 will be omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a screen displayed on the display device 55 of the fourth embodiment.
- the display device 55 of Embodiment 4 can display not only information indicating that control intervention to assist the loading work will be performed, but also correlation map A and correlation map B as shown in FIG. can.
- the display device 55 displays an icon C indicating the current position of the front work device 2 in the height direction and the revolving speed of the upper revolving structure 7, superimposed on the correlation map A and the correlation map B. can be done.
- an icon C indicating the rotation angle ⁇ bm and the rotation angle ⁇ sw of the boom 8 corresponding to the current position of the front work device 2 in the height direction is displayed superimposed on the correlation map A and the correlation map B.
- An example is shown.
- the work machine 1 of Embodiment 4 not only notifies the operator that control intervention to assist the loading work will be performed, but also visualizes the specific content of the control intervention for the operator to intuitively grasp. can be made Therefore, the work machine 1 of Embodiment 4 can support the loading work without causing discomfort to the operator while suppressing interference with the loaded machine and damage to the loaded machine.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications.
- the above embodiments have been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- it is possible to replace part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.
- each of the above configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, etc. may be realized by hardware, for example, by designing them in integrated circuits, in part or in whole.
- each of the above configurations, functions, etc. may be realized by software by a processor interpreting and executing a program for realizing each function.
- Information such as programs, tapes, and files that implement each function can be stored in recording devices such as memories, hard disks, SSDs (solid state drives), or recording media such as IC cards, SD cards, and DVDs.
- control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for explanation, and not all control lines and information lines are necessarily indicated on the product. In practice, it may be considered that almost all configurations are interconnected.
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Abstract
Description
上記以外の課題、構成および効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。
図1は、実施形態1の作業機械1の構成を模式的に示す図である。
図9及び図10を用いて、実施形態2の作業機械1について説明する。実施形態2の作業機械1において、実施形態1と同様の構成及び動作については、説明を省略する。
図11を用いて、実施形態3の作業機械1について説明する。実施形態3の作業機械1において、実施形態1又は実施形態2と同様の構成及び動作については、説明を省略する。
図12を用いて、実施形態4の作業機械1について説明する。実施形態4の作業機械1において、実施形態1~実施形態3と同様の構成及び動作については、説明を省略する。
なお、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記の実施形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、或る実施形態の構成の一部を他の実施形態の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、或る実施形態の構成に他の実施形態の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。
Claims (6)
- 対象物を被積込機械に向けて運搬する運搬動作と、前記運搬動作により運搬された前記対象物を前記被積込機械に放出する放出動作とを行って前記対象物を前記被積込機械に積み込む作業機械であって、
下部走行体に対して旋回する上部旋回体と、
前記上部旋回体に取り付けられ、ブーム、アーム及びバケットを含む作業装置と、
前記作業装置の回動角度及び前記上部旋回体の旋回角度を検出する姿勢検出装置と、
前記被積込機械の位置を検出する物体検出装置と、
前記作業装置及び前記上部旋回体の動作を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記物体検出装置の検出結果に基づいて、前記上部旋回体を旋回動作中に許容される前記作業装置の高さ方向に移動可能な範囲を示す許容範囲を演算する許容範囲演算部と、
前記姿勢検出装置の検出結果と前記物体検出装置の検出結果とに基づいて、前記運搬動作中であるか否かを判定する動作判定部と、
前記運搬動作中であると判定された場合、前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の位置が前記許容範囲内に留まるよう前記ブームの回動動作を制御する動作制御部と、を含み、
前記許容範囲演算部は、前記運搬動作における前記作業装置の前記被積込機械への干渉を回避可能な前記高さ方向の前記位置の下限値と、前記バケットの寸法、容量、前記対象物の種類及び前記対象物の比重の少なくとも1つに基づいて求められた前記高さ方向の前記位置の上限値と、によって定められる前記ブームの回動角度の範囲を、前記許容範囲として演算する
ことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 前記作業装置に対するオペレータの操作指示を検出する操作検出装置を更に備え、
前記動作制御部は、前記操作指示に従って移動する前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置が前記下限値を下回る又は前記上限値を上回る場合、前記操作指示を無効化し、前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置が前記許容範囲内に留まるよう前記ブームの回動速度を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の作業機械。 - 前記動作制御部は、前記操作指示に従って移動する前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置が前記下限値を下回る場合であって、前記ブームの前記回動速度を最大回動速度に制御しても前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置が前記下限値を下回る場合、前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置が前記下限値を上回るよう前記上部旋回体の旋回速度を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の作業機械。 - 前記許容範囲演算部は、前記作業装置が前記操作指示に従って前記許容範囲内にて移動している際に前記操作指示が不検出となった場合、前記操作指示が不検出となった際の前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置を新たな前記下限値として、前記許容範囲を更新する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の作業機械。 - 前記バケットに保持された前記対象物の情報を取得する対象物情報取得装置を更に備え、
前記動作判定部は、前記対象物情報取得装置の取得結果に基づいて前記バケットが前記対象物を保持しているか否かを判定し、判定結果に基づいて前記運搬動作中であるか否かを判定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の作業機械。 - 前記上部旋回体の前記旋回角度と前記下限値及び前記上限値との関係を示す相関マップを表示する表示装置を更に備え、
前記表示装置は、現在の前記作業装置の前記高さ方向の前記位置、及び、前記上部旋回体の前記旋回角度を示すアイコンを、前記相関マップに重畳して表示する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の作業機械。
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