WO2022143948A1 - 换电站 - Google Patents

换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022143948A1
WO2022143948A1 PCT/CN2021/143315 CN2021143315W WO2022143948A1 WO 2022143948 A1 WO2022143948 A1 WO 2022143948A1 CN 2021143315 W CN2021143315 W CN 2021143315W WO 2022143948 A1 WO2022143948 A1 WO 2022143948A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
power exchange
expansion
room
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/143315
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
***
陈新雨
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2022143948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022143948A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electric vehicle power exchange, in particular to a power exchange station.
  • new energy vehicles are more and more popular with consumers.
  • the energy used by new energy vehicles is basically electric energy.
  • New energy vehicles need to be charged after the electric energy is used up. Due to the limitations of current battery technology and charging technology, new energy vehicles are fully charged. It takes a long time, and it is not as simple and fast as refueling the car directly. Therefore, in order to reduce the user's waiting time, it is an effective means to replace the battery when the electric energy of the new energy vehicle is almost exhausted. In order to facilitate the replacement of batteries and meet the power-changing needs of more and more new energy vehicles, it is necessary to build a power-changing station.
  • the battery swap station In order to improve the power exchange efficiency of the power exchange station, for a single power exchange station, a larger number of batteries can be stored in the power exchange station, but the more batteries are stored, the larger the area of the power exchange station for storing batteries.
  • the battery swap station generally expands the area where the battery is stored by assembling in the horizontal direction, resulting in a corresponding increase in the travel of the battery swap mechanism that transports the battery between the battery swap vehicle and each battery compartment. It occupies a larger area and has poor space utilization, which greatly increases the cost of building a station.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power exchange station in order to overcome the defects of large footprint and poor space utilization of the prior art power exchange station.
  • a power exchange station, the power exchange station includes:
  • the power exchange room is used to replace the battery of the electric vehicle
  • the two charging chambers are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the vehicle power changing station in the power changing chamber, and the charging chambers are used for charging and discharging the battery;
  • the expansion chamber is arranged above the charging chamber, and the bottom space of the expansion chamber is communicated with the top space of the charging chamber, so that the elevator in the charging chamber is located between the charging chamber and the expansion chamber.
  • the compartments can be lifted and lowered to take and place batteries, and/or the charging rack in the charging chamber can be extended to the interior of the expansion compartment.
  • At least one charging chamber is provided on both sides of the battery-changing chamber, which can store old batteries and take out new batteries at the same time, thereby shortening battery-changing time and improving battery-changing efficiency.
  • the number of the expansion bins is plural, and at least one of the expansion bins is disposed above any charging chamber.
  • the space above each charging room is fully utilized, and the total number of expansion bins can be increased under the condition that the total area of the battery swap station is constant, thereby increasing the maximum number of batteries that can be stored in the battery swap station as a whole, and further improving the Power exchange efficiency.
  • the number of the expansion bins is multiple, and the multiple expansion bins are stacked above the charging chamber in order along the height direction, and the bottom space and the top space of the adjacent expansion bins are communicated with each other, so that the The elevator in the charging chamber can be lifted and lowered to the interior of all the expansion bins, and/or the charging rack in the charging chamber can be extended to the interior of all the expansion bins.
  • a plurality of expansion compartments are arranged above the charging chamber by stacking, so as to further increase the maximum number of batteries that can be stored in the charging chamber.
  • the number of batteries that can be stored in the battery swap station can be adjusted simply and quickly, so as to improve the modularity of the battery swap station and have good scalability.
  • the expansion bin includes a structural frame and a protection plate
  • the protection plate is detachably connected to the structural frame, and covers the outer surface of the structural frame, and the adjacent expansion bins pass through the Structural frame connection.
  • the expansion bins are connected by a structural frame to ensure the reliability of the connection, and at the same time, a protective plate is laid on the outer surface of the structural frame to improve the waterproof and sealing performance of the expansion bin.
  • a part of the charging racks in the charging chamber is preset in the charging chamber, another part of the charging racks is preset in the expansion compartment, and two parts of the charging racks are installed in the expansion compartment. connected above the charging chamber.
  • the charging racks are segmented and pre-installed in the charging room and the expansion compartment respectively, which is convenient for on-site modular assembly and improves the assembly efficiency of the swap station.
  • the charging rack is a frame structure, and two parts of the charging rack are connected by uprights of the frame structure.
  • the two parts of the charging racks are connected through the columns of the frame structure, which reduces the difficulty of aligning the two charging racks at the construction site, and can improve the reliability of the connection.
  • a vehicle lift mechanism is provided on the vehicle power changing station, and the vehicle lift mechanism is used to lift and position the electric vehicle;
  • the power exchange station further includes power exchange equipment, and the power exchange equipment can travel back and forth between the charging room and the vehicle power exchange station in the power exchange room.
  • the electric vehicle is replaced by the battery-changing equipment at the vehicle's battery-changing station, and the battery is charged and stored in the charging room, which makes the arrangement of the battery-changing station compact and improves the utilization rate of the space occupied.
  • the battery swapping equipment goes back and forth between the vehicle swapping station and the charging room to replace the battery, which improves the battery swapping efficiency.
  • the power exchange room is sequentially provided with a vehicle entrance, the vehicle power exchange station and a vehicle exit along the driving direction of the vehicle, and the vehicle entrance and the vehicle exit are respectively provided on different side surfaces of the power exchange room. superior.
  • the vehicle inlet and the vehicle outlet are provided on two opposite side surfaces of the power exchange room.
  • the electric vehicle can go straight in and out during the process of driving into and out of the power exchange room without turning, so there is no need to reserve a distance in the power exchange room to enable the vehicle to turn, reducing the The floor area of the power exchange room is reduced, thereby saving the overall floor space of the power exchange station.
  • an up ramp and a down ramp are respectively connected to the vehicle entrance and the vehicle outlet of the power exchange room, and the up ramp, the power exchange room and the down ramp form a vehicle. driveway.
  • the vehicle driving channel is used to guide the driving direction of the electric vehicle
  • the up ramp is used to guide the electric vehicle into the power exchange room
  • the down ramp is used to guide the electric vehicle to drive out of the power exchange room.
  • an air-conditioning ventilation duct is arranged in the charging room, and the air-conditioning ventilation duct is arranged in the area of the charging room close to the power exchange room, and/or the air-conditioning ventilation duct is arranged near the power exchange room.
  • the space between the charging room and the battery-changing room is used to save the internal space of the charging room.
  • the charging room is further provided with a main control cabinet, the main control cabinet is arranged in the air conditioning ventilation duct, and the air in the air conditioning ventilation duct passes through the electrical components in the main control cabinet.
  • the main control cabinet occupies the space of the air-conditioning ventilation duct, which saves the space occupied by the external setting.
  • a channel opening is provided in the area corresponding to the control panel of the main control cabinet on the air-conditioning ventilation duct, a partition is provided between the charging room and the power exchange room, and the partition is connected to the A main control door is opened in an area corresponding to the control panel of the main control cabinet, and the passage port is communicated with the main control door, wherein the main control door of the main control cabinet is set to open toward the power exchange room.
  • a part of the air-conditioning ventilation duct is preset in the expansion bin, and another part of the air-conditioning ventilation duct is preset in the charging chamber, and the two parts of the air-conditioning ventilation duct are connected and communicated through a flexible joint.
  • the air-conditioning ventilation ducts are segmented and pre-installed in the charging room and the expansion warehouse, so as to reduce the workload of installing the internal components of the power station at the construction site, and the construction period on site is short.
  • the two sections of air-conditioning ventilation pipes are connected by a flexible structure, which reduces the difficulty of aligning the pipes on the construction site, and the reliability after connection is also better.
  • the air-conditioning ventilation duct extends upward from the charging room to the top of the expansion compartment
  • the power exchange station further includes an air-conditioning outer unit and an air-conditioning inner unit, and the air-conditioning outer unit is located at the top of the expansion compartment.
  • the internal air conditioner is arranged on the top of the interior space of the expansion bin.
  • the air-conditioning ventilation duct realizes the circulation of air-conditioning exhaust and air intake, which can fully cool the charging room and reduce the occurrence of overheating of the battery.
  • the heat of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is directly discharged to the outside and will not affect the interior of the full-function warehouse.
  • the charging chamber is also provided with a ventilation duct for a charger, and the charger has a plug-in end for connecting with a battery located on the charging rack, wherein one end of the ventilation duct for the charger faces the charger.
  • the plug ends are arranged on different sides, and the other end of the ventilation duct of the charger is communicated with the outside of the charging chamber through a fan.
  • the ventilation duct of the charger provides a separate air path to send the heat generated by the charger to the charging room independently, thereby greatly reducing the heat in the charging room and avoiding the impact of the heat of the charger on other equipment in the charging room.
  • At least two sets of charger ventilation ducts are arranged in the charging chamber, which face to different sides of the plug-in ends of the two sets of chargers, and are respectively arranged on the side of the chargers away from the lifting area, The plugging ends of the two sets of chargers are opposite to each other, and an operation area is formed between them.
  • a part of the charger ventilation duct is preset in the expansion bin, another part of the charger ventilation duct is preset in the charging chamber, and the two parts of the charger ventilation duct pass through a flexible The connectors are connected and communicated.
  • the ventilation ducts of the chargers are segmented and pre-installed in the charging room and the expansion warehouse, so as to reduce the workload of installing the internal components of the swap station on the construction site, and shorten the construction period on site.
  • the two sections of the ventilation pipes of the charger are connected by a flexible structure, which reduces the difficulty of aligning the pipes on the construction site, and the reliability after connection is also better.
  • a waterproof component is provided at the connection between the expansion compartment and the charging chamber, and the waterproof component is used to seal the gap at the connection between the expansion compartment and the charging chamber.
  • the waterproof component is used to prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the interior of the power exchange station from the connection between the expansion bin and the charging room, so as to improve the waterproof performance of the power exchange station.
  • the positive improvement effect of the present invention is that: the present invention is provided with at least one charging chamber on both sides of the power exchange room, which can store old batteries and take out new batteries at the same time, shorten power exchange time, and improve power exchange efficiency.
  • the present invention is provided with at least one charging chamber on both sides of the power exchange room, which can store old batteries and take out new batteries at the same time, shorten power exchange time, and improve power exchange efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a power exchange station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is another three-dimensional schematic diagram of a power exchange station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a full-function bin according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an internal overall layout of a full-function warehouse according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal overall layout of a full-function warehouse according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an air-conditioning ventilation duct according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an engaging piece according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Full-function warehouse 11 battery swap room 101; vehicle entrance 101a; vehicle battery swap station 101b; vehicle exit 101c; charging room 102; battery swap channel 103; lifting area 104; operation area 105; Panel 122; Access Door 13; Main Control Door 14; Switch Door 15; Platform 16; Staircase 17; Vehicle Lifting Mechanism 2; Air Conditioner Inner Unit 31; Air Conditioner Outer Unit 32; ; connecting piece 43; exhaust duct 44; charging rack 5; charger 51; charger ventilation duct 52;
  • this embodiment discloses a power exchange station.
  • the power exchange station in this embodiment includes an expansion compartment 12 and a full-function compartment 11 , and the expansion compartment 12 is set in the full-function compartment. Above the warehouse 11.
  • the power swap station may also include only one full-function compartment 11, and the top of the full-function compartment 11 is closed. When expansion is required, the expansion compartment 12 is connected to the top of the full-function compartment.
  • the full-function compartment 11 includes a power exchange room 101 for replacing the battery of the electric vehicle and at least two charging rooms 102 for charging and discharging the battery.
  • the charging rooms 102 are respectively opposite to the power exchange room.
  • the power exchange channel 103 is provided with a power exchange channel door, which is used to open when the power exchange equipment shuttles back and forth. The device is turned off after the power swap is completed.
  • the expansion chamber 12 is arranged above the charging chamber 102, and the bottom space of the expansion chamber 12 is communicated with the top space of the charging chamber 102, so that the elevator 6 in the charging chamber 102 can move between the charging chamber 102 and the expansion chamber.
  • the charging rack 5 can be completely extended from the charging compartment 102 to the interior of the expansion compartment 12 by lifting and lowering between the charging compartments 12 to take and place the battery.
  • the full-function compartment 11 may include only one battery exchange compartment 101 and one charging compartment 102 . It can also be set that two or more power exchange rooms 101 share one charging room 102 , or two or more power exchange rooms 101 cooperate with two or more charging rooms 102 .
  • the operations of storing old batteries and taking out new batteries can be performed simultaneously, thereby shortening battery swapping time and improving battery swapping efficiency.
  • the expansion compartment 12 By arranging the expansion compartment 12 on the upper part of the charging chamber 102, the maximum number of batteries that can be stored in the charging chamber 102 can be increased, thereby increasing the number of batteries that can be exchanged for the battery swapping chamber 101, further improving the battery swapping efficiency, and saving replacement.
  • the area of the power station is arranged on both sides of the battery swapping chamber 101, respectively.
  • the charging chamber 102 is provided with a charger 51 for charging and discharging the battery, a lift 6 for taking and placing the battery, and a shuttle between the charging chamber 102 and the battery exchange chamber 101 for charging and discharging the battery.
  • the electric vehicle is used for battery replacement.
  • At least two rows of charging racks 5 are arranged side by side in the charging chamber 102 along the direction perpendicular to the driving direction of the vehicle.
  • the elevator 6 is arranged in the lifting area 104 between the two rows of charging racks 5, and the charger 51 is arranged. on the side of the charging stand 5.
  • the charging racks 5 in multiple rows or the charging racks 5 in a single row may also be provided.
  • the elevator 5 may be a palletizer that can move horizontally and vertically, or a device configured to move and transport batteries only in a vertical direction, or a device configured to move and transport batteries only in a horizontal direction.
  • the full-function compartment 11 of this example has all the functional compartments as a whole, so it can independently realize the power exchange of the electric vehicle, and charge and store the battery pack, and does not need to be installed on site at the deployment site.
  • the arrangement of the charging rack 5 , the charging machine 51 and the elevator 6 in the full-function compartment 11 is compact, which effectively utilizes the compact utilization of the internal space, and can also avoid the influence of the charging machine 51 on the elevator 6 taking and placing the battery pack.
  • the number of expansion compartments 12 is two, and the two expansion compartments 12 are respectively stacked above the two charging compartments 102 on the left and right sides of the power exchange compartment 101 .
  • the number of charging compartments 102 and the number of expansion compartments 12 may be more, preferably, at least one expansion compartment 12 is provided above each charging compartment 102 to make full use of each charging compartment 12
  • the space above the room 102 can increase the total number of expansion bins 12 when the total area of the power exchange station is constant, thereby increasing the maximum number of batteries that can be stored in the power exchange station as a whole, and further improving the power exchange efficiency.
  • two or more expansion compartments 12 may be stacked above each charging chamber 102 to provide more battery storage space.
  • a plurality of expansion bins 12 are stacked on top of the charging chamber 102 in the height direction, and the bottom space and the top space of adjacent expansion bins 12 in the height direction of the battery swap station are communicated with each other, so that the elevator 6 in the charging chamber 102 can be lifted and lowered.
  • the charging rack 5 in the charging compartment 102 can be extended to the interior of all expansion compartments 12, so as to further increase the maximum number of batteries that can be stored in the charging compartment 102.
  • the bottom space of the uppermost expansion compartment 12 and the The top spaces of the adjacent expansion chambers 12 or charging chambers 102 below are communicated, and the top and bottom spaces of the expansion chambers 12 located in the middle are both communicated with the adjacent expansion chambers 12 or charging chambers 102 above and below.
  • the layout scheme of the number of expansion bins 12 the number of batteries that can be stored in the power exchange station can be adjusted simply and quickly, so as to improve the modularity of the power exchange station and have good expandability.
  • the bin bodies of the full-function bin 11 and the expansion bin 12 include a structural frame 121 and a protective plate 122.
  • the protective plate 122 is detachably connected to the structural frame 121 and covers the outer surface of the structural frame 121 to improve the overall performance of the structural frame 121. Watertightness of the functional compartment 11 and the expansion compartment 12 .
  • the complete appearance structure of the expansion chamber 12 is formed, the adjacent expansion chambers 12 are connected by the structural frame 121, and the upper and lower adjacent charging chambers 102 and the expansion chamber 12 are connected to each other through the structural frame 121, Guaranteed connection reliability.
  • a waterproof component (not shown in the figure) is provided at the connection between the expansion compartment 12 and the charging chamber 102, and the waterproof component is used to seal the gap between the expansion compartment 12 and the charging compartment 102, and the waterproof component is used to prevent rainwater from entering the charging chamber 102.
  • the connection between the expansion bin 12 and the charging room 102 penetrates into the interior of the power exchange station to improve the waterproof performance of the power exchange station.
  • the charging rack 5 can be divided into an upper rack body and a lower rack body that are independent of each other.
  • the upper rack body is preset in the expansion compartment 12, and the lower rack body is preset in the charging chamber 102.
  • the two parts of the charging rack 5 are in the expansion compartment.
  • the charging rack 5 is a frame structure, and the two parts of the charging rack 5 are connected to each other through the uprights of the frame structure, so as to reduce the difficulty of aligning the two sections of the charging rack 5 on the construction site and improve the reliability after connection.
  • the top of the column of the lower frame body installed on the side of the full-function compartment 11 is provided with a charging frame connection part, and the charging frame connection part provides a connection interface for the upper and lower frame bodies to realize detachable connection, and the charging frame connection part can be One or more of flange connections, snap connections, threaded fastener connections, and welded connections.
  • a platform 16 can be set near the top of the full-function warehouse 11, and a staircase 17 extending from the ground to the platform 16, and the platform 16 is close to the expansion warehouse 16.
  • the inspection door 13 of the warehouse 12 is provided to facilitate personnel to enter the expansion warehouse 12 from the platform 16 , and the setting of the stairs 17 should not affect the normal entry and exit of the vehicle into the battery swap room 101 .
  • handrails may be arranged around the platform 16 to ensure the safety of personnel entering and exiting.
  • the charging room 102 in this embodiment is further provided with an air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 , and the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 is arranged in the area of the charging room 102 close to the power exchange room 101 .
  • the air conditioner The ventilation duct 4 is provided in the area between the charging rack 5 and the power exchange room 101 close to the power exchange room 101 .
  • the air-conditioning ventilation pipe thus arranged can avoid the location of the charging rack 5 and the elevator 6 , and utilize the space between the charging room 102 and the power exchange room 101 to save the internal space of the charging room 102 .
  • the charging room 102 in this embodiment is provided with a main control cabinet 71 , the main control cabinet 71 is arranged in the air conditioning ventilation duct 4 , and the air in the air conditioning ventilation duct 4 flows through the main control cabinet 71 electrical components inside.
  • the main control cabinet 71 occupies the internal space of the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4, which saves the space occupied by the external arrangement, and on the other hand, directly cools through the air-conditioning ventilation to reduce the occurrence of overheating failures.
  • the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 in this embodiment has a channel opening in the area corresponding to the control panel of the main control cabinet 71 , and there is a partition 8 between the charging room 102 and the power exchange room 101 .
  • a main control door 14 is opened in the area corresponding to the control panel of the main control cabinet 71 , and the channel port is connected with the main control door 14 , wherein the main control door 14 of the main control cabinet 71 is set to open toward the power exchange room 101 .
  • the main control cabinet 71 is opened toward the power exchange room 101 , it is convenient for the staff to control the main control cabinet 71 on the side of the power exchange room 101 without entering the charging room 102 , which is convenient for operation.
  • the maintenance and installation of the main control cabinet 71 can be realized outside the power exchange room 101 , and do not need to be carried out in a narrow space in the charging room 102 .
  • the main control cabinet 71 and the charger 51 may be respectively disposed on both sides of the charging rack 5 opposite to each other along the vehicle running direction.
  • the main control cabinet 71 is arranged on the side of the charging compartment 102 close to the direction in which the vehicle drives in, and the charger 51 is arranged on the side in the direction in which the vehicle exits in the charging compartment 102 . Since the main control cabinet 71 and the charger 51 occupy a large space, they are located on both sides of the charging rack 5 to avoid each other and avoid space occupation.
  • the charger 51 is preferably arranged on the charging rack 5 close to the vehicle exit direction.
  • the charging chamber 102 in this embodiment is further provided with a charger ventilation duct 52 , and the charger 51 has a plug-in end for electrical connection with the battery, wherein one end of the charger ventilation duct 52 is Disposed towards different sides of the plug-in end of the charger 51 , the other end of the charger ventilation duct 52 communicates with the outside of the charging chamber 102 through a fan. Therefore, the charger ventilation duct 52 provides a separate air path to independently send the heat generated by the charger 51 out of the charging chamber 102 , thereby reducing the influence of the heat generated by the charger 51 on the interior of the charging chamber 102 the temperature of the charger 51 to avoid the influence of the heat of the charger 51 on other devices in the charging chamber 102 .
  • the charger ventilation ducts 52 located in the charging chamber 102 all extend upward to the top of the expansion chamber 12 .
  • the top of the charger ventilation duct 52 can also be provided with an upper part of the expansion chamber 12 above the full-function chamber 11 .
  • the charger ventilating duct connecting part connected to the charger ventilating duct realizes the purpose of installing the charger ventilating duct 52 when the expansion bin 12 is arranged in the full-function bin 11, wherein the charger ventilating duct connecting part can be a flange connecting part, One or more of snap connections, threaded fastener connections, and welded connections.
  • the ventilation duct 52 of the charger in this embodiment is provided on the side of the charger 51 away from the lifting area 104 .
  • the charging chamber 102 is provided with at least two sets of ventilation ducts 52 for the chargers, which face to different sides of the plug-in ends of the two sets of chargers 51 (the side of the chargers 51 facing the operating area in FIG. 5 ), and are respectively arranged at the charging end.
  • the plugging ends of the two sets of chargers 51 are opposite to each other and an operation area 105 is formed therebetween.
  • the charger 51 is installed in the inspection door 13 of the charging chamber 102 .
  • the operation area 105 can be entered by opening the access door 13 , and the access door 13 thus provided is convenient for the staff to open the access door 13 outside the full-function compartment 11 without entering the charging room 102 , which is convenient for operation.
  • the maintenance and installation of the charger 51 can be performed in the operation area 105 , even outside the charging chamber 102 , and does not need to be performed in a narrow space further inside the charging chamber 102 .
  • the charging room 102 in this embodiment is further provided with a communication cabinet and a switch cabinet 72 , wherein both the communication cabinet or the switch cabinet 72 can be installed in the charging room 102 between the charger 51 and the power exchange room 101 .
  • the communication cabinet is used for the functions related to communication with the outside world; the switch cabinet 72 is used for the control of external access power, and the two are inserted into the empty space in the charging room 102 according to the arrangement of the charger 51 and other structures, so that the The interior of the charging chamber 102 is more compact.
  • a switch door 15 corresponding to the communication cabinet or the switch cabinet 72 is opened between the charging room 102 and the power exchange room 101 in this embodiment.
  • the switch door 15 thus provided is convenient for the staff to open on the side of the power exchange room 101 , and does not need to enter the charging room 102 , which is convenient for operation.
  • the maintenance and installation of the communication cabinet or the switch cabinet 72 can be realized in the power exchange room 101 , and it is not necessary to carry out in the narrow space in the charging room 102 .
  • communication cabinets or switches may also be arranged near other outward-facing walls of the charging compartment 102, and switch doors may be arranged on the outward-facing walls to facilitate opening from the outside.
  • the charging chamber 102 in this embodiment is provided with a counterweight 73 , and the counterweight 73 is used for the counterweight of the elevator 6 , wherein the counterweight 73 and the charger 51 are respectively opposite to the charging rack 5 . on both sides.
  • the counterweight block 73 is used for the counterweight of the car of the elevator 6 , and is provided in the space on the upstream side or the downstream side of the charging chamber 102 , and does not occupy the lateral arrangement space of the charging rack 5 .
  • the main control cabinet 71 and the counterweight block 73 are disposed on the same side of the charging chamber 102 , wherein the main control cabinet 71 and the counterweight block 73 are respectively disposed on one side of different charging racks 5 .
  • the counterweight block 73 does not generate heat, and is a mechanical mechanism, which is located on the same side as the main control cabinet 71 and does not affect each other.
  • the counterweight 73 and the main control cabinet 71 can be staggered in the lateral direction, only occupying the space on one side of the charging rack 5, and do not interfere with the operation of the elevator 6 in the middle.
  • the lower part shown in FIG. 3 is the vehicle entrance 101a side of the power exchange room 101 for the vehicle to drive in
  • the upper part shown in FIG. 3 is the vehicle exit side of the power exchange room 101 for the vehicle to drive out.
  • a vehicle power exchange station 101b is provided between the vehicle entrance 101a and the vehicle exit 101c.
  • the vehicle entrance 101a and the vehicle exit 101c are respectively provided on different side surfaces of the power exchange room 101. Specifically, the vehicle entrance 101a and the vehicle exit 101c are provided on two opposite side surfaces of the power exchange chamber 101 .
  • the counterweight 73 is arranged on the side of the charging rack 5 close to the direction in which the vehicle is driven in, and the charger 51 is arranged on the side of the charging rack 5 close to the direction in which the vehicle is driven out.
  • the side of the frame 5 that is close to the vehicle's outgoing direction. Therefore, when the electric vehicle drives in, the driver will not be affected by the noise and heat generated by the charger 51 , which can improve the driver's user experience.
  • the charger 51 may also be arranged at other locations away from the electric vehicle.
  • the full-function compartment 11 of this embodiment further includes an air conditioner outer unit 32 and an air conditioner inner unit 31 , wherein the air conditioner outer unit 32 is arranged above the full-function compartment 11 , and the air conditioner inner unit 31 is arranged on the charging rack 5 .
  • an air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 is also provided, and the air inlet duct part (lower air duct 41 and upper air duct 42) of the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 is arranged between the charging rack 5 and the power exchange room 101, and the air inlet duct
  • One end of the lower air duct 41 and the upper air duct 42 is connected to the bottom of the charging chamber 102 , and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the air conditioner indoor unit 31 .
  • the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 realizes the circulation of the air-conditioning exhaust air and the air intake, which can sufficiently cool the charging chamber 102 and reduce the occurrence of overheating of the battery pack.
  • the heat of the air conditioner outdoor unit 32 is directly discharged to the outside, and will not affect the interior of the full-function compartment 11 .
  • a certain gap is reserved between the bottom of the air inlet duct, that is, the bottom end of the lower air duct 41 and the bottom surface of the charging chamber 102 , for avoiding the power exchange equipment in the charging chamber 102 .
  • the air conditioner outer unit 32 is arranged on the outside of the top of the expansion compartment 12
  • the air conditioner inner unit 31 is arranged at the top of the inner space of the expansion compartment 12
  • the air conditioner ventilation duct 4 extends to the uppermost expansion compartment through the upper air conditioner ventilation duct connected to it. Outside the top of 12, the other part extends to the bottom of the full-function compartment 11. In this way, the air circulation can achieve a complete circulation between the entire expansion chamber 12 and the full-function chamber 11, avoiding the generation of heat concentration.
  • the lower air duct 41 of the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 is preset in the full-function warehouse 11
  • the upper air duct 42 of the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 is preset in the expansion warehouse 12
  • the two parts of the air-conditioning ventilation duct 4 are connected and communicated through the connecting piece 43 .
  • the connecting piece 43 can be a flange, or one of the hard hoses and corrugated pipes.
  • One or more, the upper air duct 42 and the lower air duct 41 are connected together by means of butt joint, screw fastening or welding.
  • the connecting piece 43 can be realized by a flexible pipe section as shown in FIG. 7 , the flexible pipe section can realize the communication between the upper pipe section and the lower pipe section under the condition of misalignment of the two, the lower air duct 41 is opposite to the upper air duct 42 Pipeline alignment and connection difficulty after the expansion bin 12 is fixed to the full-function bin 11 .
  • the flexible pipe section can be a pipe organ pipe, so as to ensure the structural strength under the condition of adjustable flexibility. Both ends of the flexible pipe section are detachably connected to the corresponding pipe sections through flanges.
  • the connecting portion of the charger ventilation duct can also be designed with a flexible pipe section, so as to reduce the difficulty of alignment between the charger ventilation duct 52 and the upper charger ventilation duct located above.
  • a vehicle lift mechanism 2 is provided at the vehicle power exchange station 101 b of the power exchange room 101 , and the vehicle lift mechanism 2 is used to position and lift the electric vehicle located in the power exchange room 101 .
  • One setting method is that a front lifter and a rear lifter are respectively arranged in the battery swap room 101 along the front and rear directions of the electric vehicle, wherein the front lifter is used to lift the front wheel of the electric vehicle, and the rear lifter is used to lift the front wheel of the electric vehicle.
  • a lift is used to lift the rear wheels of an electric vehicle.
  • Another setting method is that a left lifter and a right lifter are respectively arranged in the power exchange room 101 along the left and right directions of the electric vehicle, wherein the left lifter is used to lift the left wheel of the electric vehicle, and the right lifter is used to lift the left wheel of the electric vehicle. Used to lift the right wheel of an electric vehicle.
  • Another arrangement is that a plurality of lifts are arranged in the power exchange room 101 , and the lifts are arranged at the parking places of the wheels of the electric vehicle, and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the vehicles of the electric vehicle.
  • the entrance and the exit of the power exchange room 101 in this embodiment are respectively connected with an up ramp and a down ramp.
  • the up ramp (vehicle entrance 101a), the vehicle power exchange station 101b and the down ramp (vehicle exit 101c) form a complete vehicle lane.
  • the present invention can independently realize the power exchange of the electric vehicle, and the charging and storage of the battery pack, without the need for on-site installation at the deployment site.
  • the arrangement of the charging rack, the charger and the lift in the full-function warehouse is compact, which effectively utilizes the compact use of the internal space, and can also avoid the impact of the charger on the lift to take and place the battery pack.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种换电站，包括换电室(101)、至少两个充电室(102)和拓展仓(12)，两个充电室(102)分别设于换电室(101)内的车辆换电工位的左右两侧，拓展仓(12)设于充电室(102)的上方，拓展仓(12)的底部空间与充电室(101)的顶部空间连通，以使得充电室(101)内的升降机(6)在充电室(102)和拓展仓(12)之间升降以取放电池，和/或充电室(102)内的充电架(5)可延伸至拓展仓(12)的内部。在换电室(101)的两侧分别设置至少一个充电室(102)，可以同时分别进行存放旧的电池和取出新的电池的操作，缩短换电时间，提高换电效率。通过在充电室(102)的上部设置拓展仓(12)，可提高充电室(102)内的电池的最大可存放数量，进而增加可供换电室(101)进行换电的电池数量，进一步提高换电效率，且节省换电站的占地面积。

Description

换电站
本申请要求申请日为2020/12/31的中国专利申请2020116342381的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车换电领域，特别涉及一种换电站。
背景技术
现在新能源车越来越受到消费者的欢迎，新能源车使用的能源基本上为电能，新能源车在电能使用完后需要充电，由于现在电池技术和充电技术的限制，新能源车充满电需要花费较长的时间，不如汽车直接加油简单快速。因此，为了减少用户的等待时间，在新能源车的电能快耗尽时更换电池是一种有效的手段。为了便于更换电池，满足越来越多的新能源车的换电需求，需要建造换电站。
为了提高换电站的换电效率，对于单个换电站而言，可以在换电站中存放数量更多的电池，但是存放电池的数量越多，换电站用于存放电池的区域也需要越大，现有换电站一般通过在水平方向组装的方式对存放电池的区域进行拓展，从而导致在换电车辆和各电池仓之间搬运电池的换电机构的行程也对应上升，换电站或储能站的占地面积更大，空间利用率不佳，大大增加建站成本。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术的换电站占地面积较大，空间利用率不佳缺陷，提供一种换电站。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种换电站，所述换电站包括：
换电室，所述换电室用于对电动汽车进行电池更换；
至少两个充电室，两个所述充电室分别设于所述换电室内的车辆换电工位的左右两侧，所述充电室用于对电池进行充放电；
拓展仓，所述拓展仓设于所述充电室的上方，所述拓展仓的底部空间与所述充电室 的顶部空间连通，以使得所述充电室内的升降机在所述充电室和所述拓展仓之间升降以取放电池，和/或所述充电室内的充电架可延伸至所述拓展仓的内部。
在本方案中，换电室的两侧分别设置至少一个充电室，可以同时分别进行存放旧的电池和取出新的电池的操作，缩短换电时间，提高换电效率。通过在充电室的上部设置拓展仓，可提高充电室内的电池的最大可存放数量，进而增加可供换电室进行换电的电池数量，进一步提高换电效率，且节省换电站的占地面积。
较佳地，所述拓展仓的数量为多个，任一所述充电室的上方均设置有至少一个所述拓展仓。
在本方案中，充分利用每个充电室上方的空间，在换电站总占地面积一定的情况下，可以增加拓展仓的总数量，从而提高换电站整体的电池的最大可存放数量，进一步提高换电效率。
较佳地，所述拓展仓的数量为多个，多个所述拓展仓沿高度方向依次叠设于所述充电室上方，相邻的所述拓展仓的底部空间与顶部空间相互连通，以使得所述充电室内的升降机可升降至所有所述拓展仓的内部，和/或所述充电室内的充电架可延伸至所有所述拓展仓的内部。
在本方案中，通过叠放的方式在充电室的上方设置多个拓展仓，以进一步提高充电室内的电池的最大可存放数量。同时，通过改变拓展仓的数量，可简单、快速地对换电站的电池可存放数量进行调整，以提高换电站的模块化程度，可拓展性好。
较佳地，所述拓展仓包括结构框架和保护板，所述保护板可拆卸连接于所述结构框架，并覆盖所述结构框架的外侧表面，相邻的所述拓展仓之间通过所述结构框架连接。
在本方案中，拓展仓之间通过结构框架连接，保证连接可靠性，同时，在结构框架的外侧表面铺设保护板，提高拓展仓的防水密封性。
较佳地，所述充电室内的充电架的一部分预置在所述充电室，所述充电架的另一部分预置在所述拓展仓，两部分所述充电架在所述拓展仓设于所述充电室的上方时相连。
在本方案中，将充电架分段并分别预置在充电室和拓展仓内，便于现场模块化组装，提高换电站组装效率。
较佳地，所述充电架为框架结构，两部分所述充电架之间通过框架结构的立柱相连。
在本方案中，两部分充电架之间通过其框架结构的立柱进行连接，降低这两段充电架在施工现场对位的难度，并且可提高连接后的可靠性。
较佳地，所述车辆换电工位上设有车辆举升机构，所述车辆举升机构用于对电动汽车进行举升和定位；
所述换电站还包括换电设备，所述换电设备能够往返于所述充电室和所述换电室的所述车辆换电工位处。
在本方案中，在车辆换电工位上通过换电设备实现对电动汽车的换电，并在充电室内进行电池的充电和存放，使得换电站的排布紧凑，提高占地空间的利用率，换电设备在车辆换电工位和充电室之间往返进行电池的更换，提高了换电效率。
较佳地，所述换电室沿车辆行驶方向依次设有车辆入口、所述车辆换电工位和车辆出口，所述车辆入口和所述车辆出口分别设于所述换电室的不同侧表面上。
在本方案中，提供一种车辆驶入或驶出换电室的优选布局方案。
较佳地，所述车辆入口和所述车辆出口设置在所述换电室相对的两个侧表面上。
在本方案中，电动汽车在驶入换电室和驶出换电室的过程中，可以直入直出，不需要转弯，从而不需要在换电室中预留使车辆能够转弯的距离，缩小换电室的占地面积，进而节省换电站整体的占地面积。
较佳地，所述换电室的所述车辆入口和所述车辆出口分别连接有上坡道和下坡道，所述上坡道、所述换电室和所述下坡道形成一车辆行车通道。
在本方案中，车辆行车通道用于引导电动汽车的行驶方向，上坡道用于引导电动汽车驶入换电室内，下坡道用于引导电动汽车驶出换电室。
较佳地，所述充电室内设置有空调通风管道，所述空调通风管道设于所述充电室内靠近所述换电室的区域，和/或，所述空调通风管道设于靠近所述换电室的所述充电架与换电室之间的区域。
在本方案中，利用充电室和换电室之间的间隔区域，节省了充电室的内部空间。
较佳地，所述充电室内还设置有主控柜，所述主控柜设置在所述空调通风管道内，且所述空调通风管道内的空气流通经过所述主控柜内的电气组件。
在本方案中，主控柜一方面占用了空调通风管道的空间，节省了在外部设置的空间占用，另一方面通过空调通风直接进行冷却，减少过热故障发生。
较佳地，所述空调通风管道上与所述主控柜的控制面板相对应的区域开设通道口，所述充电室与所述换电室之间具有隔板，所述隔板与所述主控柜的控制面板相对应的区域开有主控门，所述通道口与所述主控门相连通，其中，所述主控柜的主控门设置为朝 向所述换电室打开。
在本方案中，主控柜朝向换电室打开后，便于工作人员在换电室一侧控制主控柜，不需要进入充电室内，便于操作。同时维修和安装在换电室外侧即可实现，不需要到充电室内狭小的空间进行。
较佳地，所述空调通风管道的一部分预置在所述拓展仓内，所述空调通风管道的另一部分预置在所述充电室内，两部分所述空调通风管道通过柔性接头连接并连通。
在本方案中，将空调通风管道分段并分别预置在充电室和拓展仓内，以降低在施工现场安装换电站内部部件的工作量，现场施工工期短。其中，两段空调通风管道之间通过柔性结构连接，降低管道在施工现场对位的难度，连接后的可靠性也较佳。
较佳地，所述空调通风管道从所述充电室向上延伸至所述拓展仓的顶部，所述换电站还包括空调外机以及空调内机，所述空调外机设于所述拓展仓的顶部外侧，所述空调内机设于所述拓展仓的内部空间的顶部。
在本方案中，空调通风管道实现了空调排风和进风的循环，可以对充电室进行充分的冷却，减少电池过热现象的产生。空调外机的热量直接朝外排放，不会影响全功能仓的内部。
较佳地，所述充电室内还设有充电机通风管道，所述充电机具有用于与位于充电架上电池连接的插拔端，其中，所述充电机通风管道的一端朝向所述充电机的所述插拔端的不同侧设置，所述充电机通风管道的另一端通过风机与所述充电室的外部连通。
在本方案中，充电机通风管道提供单独的风路将充电机充电产生的热量独立送出充电室，由此可以大幅度减少充电室内的热量，避免充电机的热量对充电室内的其他设备的影响。
较佳地，所述充电室内设有至少两组充电机通风管道，分别朝向所述两组充电机的所述插拔端的不同侧，且分别设于所述充电机远离升降区域的一侧，所述两组充电机的插拔端相对而设且其之间形成操作区域。
在本方案中，提供一种充电机紧凑布置的方案。
较佳地，所述充电机通风管道的一部分预置在所述拓展仓内，所述充电机通风管道的另一部分预置在所述充电室内，两部分所述充电机通风管道之间通过柔性接头连接并连通。
在本方案中，将充电机通风管道分段并分别预置在充电室和拓展仓内，以降低在施 工现场安装换电站内部部件的工作量，现场施工工期短。其中，两段充电机通风管道之间通过柔性结构连接，降低管道在施工现场对位的难度，连接后的可靠性也较佳。
较佳地，所述拓展仓与所述充电室的连接处设有防水组件，所述防水组件用于密封所述拓展仓和所述充电室的连接处的缝隙。
在本方案中，防水组件用于防止雨水从拓展仓和充电室的连接处渗入换电站的内部，提高换电站的防水性能。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：本发明在换电室的两侧分别设置至少一个充电室，可以同时分别进行存放旧的电池和取出新的电池的操作，缩短换电时间，提高换电效率。通过在充电室的上部设置拓展仓，可提高充电室内的电池的最大可存放数量，进而增加可供换电室进行换电的电池数量，进一步提高换电效率，且节省换电站的占地面积。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例的换电站的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例的换电站的另一立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例的全功能仓的内部结构示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例的全功能仓的内部整体布局示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例的全功能仓的内部整体布局示意图。
图6为本发明一实施例的空调通风管道的结构示意图。
图7为本发明一实施例的衔接件的立体结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
全功能仓11；换电室101；车辆入口101a；车辆换电工位101b；车辆出口101c；充电室102；换电通道103；升降区域104；操作区域105；拓展仓12；结构框架121；保护板122；检修门13；主控门14；开关门15；平台16；楼梯17；车辆举升机构2；空调内机31；空调外机32；空调通风管道4；下风道41；上风道42；衔接件43；排风管道44；充电架5；充电机51；充电机通风管道52；升降机6；主控柜71；开关柜72；配重块73；隔板8。
具体实施方式
下面举个较佳实施例，并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明。
如图1-7所示，本实施例公开了一种换电站，如图1和图2所示，本实施例的换电站包括拓展仓12以及全功能仓11，拓展仓12设于全功能仓11上方。
在其它的实施方式中，换电站也可以只包括一个全功能仓11，全功能仓11的顶部封闭，当需要拓展的时候，将拓展仓12接入全功能仓的上方。
如图3所示，全功能仓11包括用于对电动汽车进行电池更换的换电室101和至少两个用于对电池进行充放电的充电室102，充电室102分别相对设于换电室101内车辆换电工位101b的左右两侧。充电室102和换电室101之间具有供换电设备进出的换电通道103，其中，换电通道103上设有换电通道门，用于在换电设备来回穿梭时开启，在换电设备完成换电动作后关闭。其中，所述拓展仓12设于所述充电室102的上方，拓展仓12的底部空间与充电室102的顶部空间相连通，以使得充电室102内的升降机6能够在充电室102和拓展仓12之间升降以取放电池，充电架5可以从充电室102完整地延伸至拓展仓12的内部。
在其它的实施方式中，全功能仓11可以只包括一个换电室101以及一个充电室102。也可以设置为两个以上的换电室101共用一个充电室102，或者两个以上的换电室101配合两个以上的充电室102。
本实施例通过在换电室101的两侧分别设置至少一个充电室102，可以同时分别进行存放旧的电池和取出新的电池的操作，缩短换电时间，提高换电效率。通过在充电室102的上部设置拓展仓12，可提高充电室102内的电池的最大可存放数量，进而增加可供换电室101进行换电的电池数量，进一步提高换电效率，且节省换电站的占地面积。
如图4和图5所示，充电室102内设有用于对电池进行充放电的充电机51、用于取放电池的升降机6以及往返于充电室102和换电室101之间用于对电动汽车进行电池更换的换电设备，充电室102内沿垂直于车辆行驶方向至少并排设置两列充电架5，升降机6设于两列充电架5之间的升降区域104内，充电机51设于充电架5一侧。
在其它的实施方式中，也可以设置为多列充电架5或者单列充电架5。升降机5可以是可以水平方向和垂直方向移动的码垛机，或者也可以是设置为仅在垂直方向移动运送电池的设备，或者是设置为仅在水平方向移动运送电池的设备。
如图3所示，本实例的全功能仓11整体具备所有的功能仓，因此可以独自能够实现 对电动汽车的换电，并进行电池包的充电和存放，不需要在部署地进行现场安装。同时，全功能仓11内的充电架5、充电机51和升降机6的排布紧凑，有效利用内部空间的紧凑利用，同时也可以避免充电机51对升降机6取放电池包的影响。
如图1所示，本实施例中，拓展仓12的数量为两个，这两个拓展仓12分别叠放在换电室101左右两侧的两个充电室102上方。在其他可替代的实施方式中，充电室102的数量和拓展仓12的数量可以为更多个，优选地，每个充电室102的上方均至少设置一个拓展仓12，以充分利用每个充电室102上方的空间，在换电站总占地面积一定的情况下，可以增加拓展仓12的总数量，从而提高换电站整体的电池的最大可存放数量，进一步提高换电效率。
在其他可替代的实施方式中，每个充电室102的上方可以叠加两个及以上数量的拓展仓12，以提供更多的电池存放空间。多个拓展仓12沿高度方向依次叠放在充电室102上方，在换电站的高度方向上相邻的拓展仓12的底部空间与顶部空间相互连通，以使得充电室102内的升降机6可升降至所有拓展仓12的内部，充电室102内的充电架5可延伸至所有拓展仓12的内部，以进一步提高充电室102内的电池的最大可存放数量，最上端的拓展仓12的底部空间与其下方相邻的拓展仓12或充电室102顶部空间相通，位于中间的拓展仓12的顶部空间和底部空间均与上、下相邻的拓展仓12或充电室102相连通。同时，通过改变拓展仓12的数量的布置方案，可简单、快速地对换电站的电池可存放数量进行调整，以提高换电站的模块化程度，可拓展性好。
如图1所示，全功能仓11和拓展仓12的仓体包括结构框架121和保护板122，保护板122可拆卸连接在结构框架121，并覆盖该结构框架121的外侧表面，以提高全功能仓11和拓展仓12的防水密封性。通过铺设保护板122，形成拓展仓12完整的外观结构，相邻的拓展仓12之间通过结构框架121连接，且上下相邻的充电室102和拓展仓12之间通过结构框架121相互连接，保证连接可靠性。
优选地，拓展仓12与充电室102的连接处设有防水组件(图中未示出)，防水组件用于密封拓展仓12和充电室102的连接处的缝隙，防水组件用于防止雨水从拓展仓12和充电室102的连接处渗入换电站的内部，提高换电站的防水性能。
如图3-5所示，对于单个充电架5，充电室102内的充电架5的一部分预置在充电室102，充电架5的另一部分预置在拓展仓12，两部分充电架5在拓展仓12设于充电室102的上方时相连，以便于现场模块化组装，提高换电站组装效率。具体的，充电架5可分 为相互独立的上架体和下架体，上架体预置在拓展仓12内，下架体预置在充电室102内，这两部分的充电架5在拓展仓12安装在充电室102的上方时再进行连接，通过将充电架5分段并分别预置在充电室，102和拓展仓12内，可降低充电架5在运输时的体积，节约成本。该充电架5为框架结构，两部分充电架5之间通过该框架结构的立柱相互连接，以降低这两段充电架5在施工现场对位的难度，并且可提高连接后的可靠性。其中，安装于全功能仓11一侧的下架体的立柱顶端设置有充电架连接部，充电架连接部提供连接接口，以供上、下架体实现可拆卸连接，充电架连接部可以为法兰连接部、卡扣连接部、螺纹紧固件连接部、焊接连接部中的一种或多种。
为方便维护人员进入拓展仓12，在本实施例中，如图2所示，可以在靠近全功能仓11的顶部设置平台16，以及从地面延伸至该平台16的楼梯17，平台16靠近拓展仓12的检修门13设置，便于人员自该平台16进入拓展仓12内，楼梯17的设置不应影响车辆正常进出换电室101。此外，可以在平台16的四周应布置扶手(图中未使出)，以保证人员进出的安全性。
如图4和图5所示，本实施例的充电室102内还设置有空调通风管道4，空调通风管道4设于充电室102内靠近换电室101的区域，在其它实施方式中，空调通风管道4设于靠近换电室101的充电架5与换电室101之间的区域。由此设置的空调通风管可以避开充电架5和升降机6的所在位置，利用充电室102和换电室101之间的间隔区域，节省了充电室102的内部空间。
如图4和图5所示，本实施例的充电室102内设有主控柜71，主控柜71设置在空调通风管道4内，且空调通风管道4内的空气流通经过主控柜71内的电气组件。主控柜71一方面占用了空调通风管道4的内部空间，节省了在外部设置的空间占用，另一方面通过空调通风直接进行冷却，减少过热故障发生。
如图5所示，本实施例的空调通风管道4上与主控柜71的控制面板相对应的区域开设通道口，充电室102与换电室101之间具有隔板8，隔板8与主控柜71的控制面板相对应的区域开有主控门14，通道口与主控门14相连通，其中，主控柜71的主控门14设置为朝向换电室101打开。主控柜71朝向换电室101打开后，便于工作人员在换电室101一侧控制主控柜71，不需要进入充电室102内，便于操作。同时主控柜71的维修和安装在换电室101外侧即可实现，不需要到充电室102内狭小的空间进行。
在其它实施方式中，主控柜71和充电机51可沿车辆行驶方向分别相对设于充电架 5的两侧。其中，主控柜71设于充电室102内靠近车辆驶入方向的一侧，充电机51设于充电室102内车辆驶出方向的一侧。由于主控柜71和充电机51占用空间较大，因此分别位于充电架5的两侧，以互相避开，避免空间上的挤占。同时，为了适应电动汽车上电池的位置，充电室102靠近车辆驶出方向一侧的空间较大，因此优选将充电机51设置在充电架5靠近车辆驶出方向一侧。
如图4和图5所示，本实施例的充电室102内还设有充电机通风管道52，充电机51具有用于与电池电连接的插拔端，其中，充电机通风管道52的一端朝向充电机51的插拔端的不同侧设置，充电机通风管道52的另一端通过风机与充电室102的外部连通。由此，充电机通风管道52提供单独的风路将充电机51充电产生的热量独立送出充电室102，由此减少了充电机51产生的热量对室内的影响，可以大幅度减少充电室102内的温度，避免充电机51的热量对充电室102内的其他设备的影响。
本实施例中，位于充电室102内的充电机通风管道52均向上延伸至拓展仓12的顶部，具体的，充电机通风管道52顶部也可设置供全功能仓11上方的拓展仓12的上充电机通风管道连通的充电机通风管道连通部，实现在拓展仓12设置在全功能仓11时再安装充电机通风管道52的目的，其中，充电机通风管道连接部可以为法兰连接部、卡扣连接部、螺纹紧固件连接部、焊接连接部中的一种或多种。
如图4和图5所示，本实施例的充电机通风管道52设于充电机51远离升降区域104的一侧。充电室102内设有至少两组充电机通风管道52，分别朝向两组充电机51的插拔端(图5中充电机51的朝向操作区域的一侧)的不同侧，且分别设于充电机51远离升降区域104的一侧，两组充电机51的插拔端相对而设且其之间形成操作区域105。
充电机51设置于充电室102的检修门13内。其中，通过打开检修门13即可进入操作区域105，由此设置的检修门13便于工作人员在全功能仓11外打开检修门13，而不需要进入充电室102内，便于操作。同时充电机51的维修和安装在操作区域105，甚至充电室102外侧即可实现，不需要到充电室102更内部的狭小的空间进行。
如图4所示，本实施例的充电室102内还设有通讯柜和开关柜72，其中，通讯柜或开关柜72均可以设于充电室102内充电机51与换电室101之间的区域。通讯柜用于与外界通讯的相关的功能；开关柜72用于外部接入电力的控制，两者根据充电机51等其他结构的布置情况***充电室102内的空余的空间，由此可以使得充电室102的内部更加紧凑。
如图5所示，本实施例的充电室102与换电室101之间开设有与通讯柜或开关柜72相对应的开关门15。由此设置的开关门15便于工作人员在换电室101一侧打开，不需要进入充电室102内，便于操作。同时通讯柜或开关柜72的维修和安装在换电室101即可实现，不需要到充电室102内狭小的空间进行。在其它的实施例中，也可以将通讯柜或者开关设置在充电室102的其他朝外的壁面附近，并在朝外的壁面上设置开关门，以便于从外侧打开。
如图5所示，本实施例的充电室102内设有配重块73，配重块73用于升降机6的配重，其中，配重块73与充电机51分别相对设于充电架5的两侧。配重块73用于升降机6的轿厢的配重，设置在充电室102的上游侧或者下游侧的空间内，不占用充电架5的横向布置空间。
在其它实施方式中，主控柜71与配重块73设置于充电室102内的同一侧，其中，主控柜71和配重块73分别设置在不同的充电架5的一侧。配重块73不产生热量，且为机械机构，与主控柜71位于同一侧互不影响。并且配重块73和主控柜71在横向方向上可以错开，只占用充电架5一侧的空间，不干扰中间的升降机6的运行。
本实施例的换电站，在图3中所示的下方为换电室101供车辆驶入的车辆入口101a侧，图3中所示的上方为换电室101供车辆驶出的车辆出口侧101c侧，在车辆入口101a和车辆出口101c之间设有车辆换电工位101b，车辆入口101a和车辆出口101c分别设于换电室101的不同侧表面上，具体的，车辆入口101a和车辆出口101c设置在换电室101相对的两个侧表面上。配重块73设于充电架5靠近车辆驶入方向的一侧，充电机51设于充电架5靠近车辆驶出方向的一侧，充电机51设有电连接器，电连接器设于充电架5上靠近车辆驶出方向的一侧。由此在电动汽车驶入的时候，司机不会受到充电机51的噪音和产生的热量的影响，可以提高司机的用户体验。在其他的实施例中，也可以将充电机51设置在其他远离电动汽车的位置。
如图6所示，本实施例的全功能仓11还包括空调外机32以及空调内机31，其中，空调外机32设于全功能仓11的上方，空调内机31设于充电架5的一侧，充电室102内还设有空调通风管道4，空调通风管道4的进风管道部分(下风道41以及上风道42)设于充电架5与换电室101之间，进风管道(下风道41以及上风道42)的一端与充电室102的下方连通，另一端与空调内机31的进风口连接，空调通风管道4的排风管道44则设于充电室102的顶部。空调通风管道4实现了空调排风和进风的循环，可以对充电室 102进行充分的冷却，减少电池包过热现象的产生。空调外机32的热量直接朝外排放，不会影响全功能仓11的内部。进风管道的底部，即下风道41的底端与充电室102的底面之间预留一定间隙，用于避让充电室102内的换电设备。
本实施例的空调外机32设于拓展仓12的顶部外侧，空调内机31设于拓展仓12的内部空间的顶部，空调通风管道4通过与其对接的上空调通风管道延伸至最上端的拓展仓12的顶部外侧，另一部分延伸至全功能仓11的底部。由此可以使得空气循环在整个拓展仓12和全功能仓11之间实现完整的循环，避免产生热量集中。
如图6所示，空调通风管道4的下风道41预置在全功能仓11，空调通风管道4的上风道42预置在拓展仓12，两部分空调通风管道4通过衔接件43连接并连通。通过预置的方式可以使得空调通风管道4不需要在组装时从头开始安装，只需要衔接件进行衔接即可，衔接件43可以为法兰，也可以是硬管软管、波纹管中的一种或者多种，通过对接、螺纹紧固或者焊接等方式将上风道42和下风道41连接在一起。
优选的，衔接件43可采用如图7所示的柔性管段实现，该柔性管段能够在上方的管段与下方的管段对位不齐的情况下实现两者的连通，下风道41相对上风道42在拓展仓12固定于全功能仓11之后的管道对位和连接难度。其中，柔性管段可采用管风琴管道，以在柔性可调的情况下也保证结构强度。柔性管段的两端通过法兰与对应的管段实现可拆卸连接。
当然，充电机通风管道连通部也可采用柔性管段的设计，降低充电机通风管道52与位于上方的上充电机通风管道的对位难度。
换电室101的车辆换电工位101b处设有车辆举升机构2，车辆举升机构2用于对位于换电室101内的电动汽车进行定位和举升。
其中，一种设置方式是换电室101内沿着电动汽车的前后方向分别设置有前举升机以及后举升机，其中，前举升机用于举升电动汽车的前轮，后举升机用于举升电动汽车的后轮。
另一种设置方式是换电室101内沿着电动汽车的左右方向分别设置有左举升机以及右举升机，其中，左举升机用于举升电动汽车的左轮，右举升机用于举升电动汽车的右轮。
还有一种设置方式是换电室101内设置有多个举升机，举升机设置在电动汽车车轮停靠处，并与电动汽车的车辆一一对应设置。
本实施例的换电室101的入口和出口分别连接有上坡道和下坡道，上坡道(车辆入口101a)、车辆换电工位101b和下坡道(车辆出口101c)形成一完整的车辆行车通道。
本发明可以独自能够实现对电动汽车的换电，并进行电池包的充电和存放，不需要在部署地进行现场安装。同时，全功能仓内的充电架、充电机和升降机的排布紧凑，有效利用内部空间的紧凑利用，同时也可以避免充电机对升降机取放电池包的影响。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站包括：
    换电室，所述换电室用于对电动汽车进行电池更换；
    至少两个充电室，两个所述充电室分别设于所述换电室内的车辆换电工位的左右两侧，所述充电室用于对电池进行充放电；
    拓展仓，所述拓展仓设于所述充电室的上方，所述拓展仓的底部空间与所述充电室的顶部空间连通，以使得所述充电室内的升降机在所述充电室和所述拓展仓之间升降以取放电池，和/或所述充电室内的充电架可延伸至所述拓展仓的内部。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述拓展仓的数量为多个，任一所述充电室的上方均设置有至少一个所述拓展仓。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述拓展仓的数量为多个，多个所述拓展仓沿高度方向依次叠设于所述充电室上方，相邻的所述拓展仓的底部空间与顶部空间相互连通，以使得所述充电室内的升降机可升降至所有所述拓展仓的内部，和/或所述充电室内的充电架可延伸至所有所述拓展仓的内部。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述拓展仓包括结构框架和保护板，所述保护板可拆卸连接于所述结构框架，并覆盖所述结构框架的外侧表面，相邻的所述拓展仓之间通过所述结构框架连接。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电室内的充电架的一部分预置在所述充电室，所述充电架的另一部分预置在所述拓展仓，两部分所述充电架在所述拓展仓设于所述充电室的上方时相连。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电架为框架结构，两部分所述充电架之间通过框架结构的立柱相连。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述车辆换电工位上设有车辆举升机构，所述车辆举升机构用于对电动汽车进行举升和定位；
    所述换电站还包括换电设备，所述换电设备能够往返于所述充电室和所述换电室的所述车辆换电工位处。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电室沿车辆行驶方向依次设有车辆入口、所述车辆换电工位和车辆出口，所述车辆入口和所述车辆出口分别设于所述换 电室的不同侧表面上。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述车辆入口和所述车辆出口设置在所述换电室相对的两个侧表面上。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电室的所述车辆入口和所述车辆出口分别连接有上坡道和下坡道，所述上坡道、所述换电室和所述下坡道形成一车辆行车通道。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电室内设置有空调通风管道，所述空调通风管道设于所述充电室内靠近所述换电室的区域，和/或，所述空调通风管道设于靠近所述换电室的所述充电架与换电室之间的区域。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电室内还设置有主控柜，所述主控柜设置在所述空调通风管道内，且所述空调通风管道内的空气流通经过所述主控柜内的电气组件。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述空调通风管道上与所述主控柜的控制面板相对应的区域开设通道口，所述充电室与所述换电室之间具有隔板，所述隔板与所述主控柜的控制面板相对应的区域开有主控门，所述通道口与所述主控门相连通，其中，所述主控柜的主控门设置为朝向所述换电室打开。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述空调通风管道的一部分预置在所述拓展仓内，所述空调通风管道的另一部分预置在所述充电室内，两部分所述空调通风管道通过柔性接头连接并连通。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述空调通风管道从所述充电室向上延伸至所述拓展仓的顶部，所述换电站还包括空调外机以及空调内机，所述空调外机设于所述拓展仓的顶部外侧，所述空调内机设于所述拓展仓的内部空间的顶部。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电室内还设有充电机通风管道，所述充电机具有用于与位于充电架上电池连接的插拔端，其中，所述充电机通风管道的一端朝向所述充电机的所述插拔端的不同侧设置，所述充电机通风管道的另一端通过风机与所述充电室的外部连通。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电室内设有至少两组充电机通风管道，分别朝向所述两组充电机的所述插拔端的不同侧，且分别设于所述充电机远离升降区域的一侧，所述两组充电机的插拔端相对而设且其之间形成操作区域。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电机通风管道的一部分预置在所述拓展仓内，所述充电机通风管道的另一部分预置在所述充电室内，两部分所述充电机通风管道之间通过柔性接头连接并连通。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述拓展仓与所述充电室的连接处设有防水组件，所述防水组件用于密封所述拓展仓和所述充电室的连接处的缝隙。
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