WO2022130612A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022130612A1 WO2022130612A1 PCT/JP2020/047395 JP2020047395W WO2022130612A1 WO 2022130612 A1 WO2022130612 A1 WO 2022130612A1 JP 2020047395 W JP2020047395 W JP 2020047395W WO 2022130612 A1 WO2022130612 A1 WO 2022130612A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
Definitions
- This application relates to a power conversion device.
- the switching frequency In order to reduce the size and weight of the power conversion device, a method of improving the drive frequency of the switching element (hereinafter referred to as the switching frequency) is mainly used. If the switching frequency is always fixed at a high state, the switching loss will increase. Therefore, studies have been made to make the switching frequency variable according to the operating conditions (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the carrier frequency for switching is continuously switched based on the phase of the input AC voltage of the rectifier circuit, and each physical quantity sampled at the top and / or bottom of the carrier is used. Is being controlled.
- This technology is used when the maximum value of the required switching frequency is high speed, when complicated control processing is required, when controlling multiple power conversion devices with one microcomputer (hereinafter, simply referred to as a microcomputer), etc. If it is applied as it is, there will be a problem that the processing load of the microcomputer, that is, the controller will increase.
- the present application discloses a technique for solving the above-mentioned problems, and aims to reduce the processing load of the controller.
- the power converter disclosed in the present application is A power converter that includes magnetic components and switching elements to perform power conversion, A controller that controls on / off of the switching element based on the duty ratio of the switching element and the switching frequency for driving the switching element under a control cycle determined by the control frequency is provided.
- the switching frequency is determined based on at least one of the magnetic parameters of the magnetic component and the electrical parameters of the power converter, and is either a predetermined time width or a predetermined electric energy width. It fluctuates step by step for each M section, which is an integer of 2 or more based on one of them.
- the control frequency is a value obtained by dividing the switching frequency by an integer P of 2 or more.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit structure of the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the configuration example of the hardware of the control device which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is operation waveform diagram of the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is operation waveform diagram of the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit structure of the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is an operation waveform diagram of the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is an operation waveform diagram of the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- the power converter disclosed in the present application includes a magnetic component, a switching element, and a power converter that performs power conversion.
- a controller that controls on / off of the switching element based on the duty ratio of the switching element and the switching frequency for driving the switching element under a control cycle determined by the control frequency is provided.
- the switching frequency is determined based on at least one of the magnetic parameters of the magnetic component and the electrical parameters of the power converter, and is either a predetermined time width or a predetermined electric energy width. It fluctuates step by step for each M section, which is an integer of 2 or more based on one of them.
- the control frequency is a value obtained by dividing the switching frequency by an integer P of 2 or more.
- the control frequency can be reduced to 1 / P with respect to the switching frequency.
- the controller microcomputer
- the switching frequency is determined based on at least one of the magnetic parameter of the magnetic component and the electrical parameter of the power converter.
- the magnetic parameters of the magnetic component include the inductance of the magnetic component and the number of turns.
- the effective cross-sectional area of the magnetic core, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core can be used, and the electrical parameters of the power converter can be voltage, current, and power conditions.
- the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the reactor is used as the magnetic parameter of the magnetic component
- the current ripple of the input current of the power converter is used as the electric parameter of the power converter.
- the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the reactor or transformer is used as the magnetic parameter of the magnetic component, and in Embodiment 4, the current ripple of the output current of the power converter is used as the electrical parameter of the power converter. Is used.
- any one of an arbitrary time width, phase width, voltage width, current width, or power width is used.
- a half cycle of the input AC voltage phase is used as a predetermined time width
- power conversion is performed as a predetermined electricity quantity width.
- the operating range of the output voltage of the instrument is used.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration diagram of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment, and includes an AC / DC converter 10 that converts AC power into DC power.
- AC power is input from the AC power supply 1 to the AC / DC converter 10 which is a power converter, and DC power is output from the AC / DC converter 10 to the DC load 8.
- the AC / DC converter 10 includes an input side diode rectifying bridge circuit 2, a power factor improving reactor 3, a diode element 4, a switching element 5, and a smoothing capacitor 6.
- the AC / DC converter 10 which is a power converter inputs the detection signals from the first voltage detector 71, the second voltage detector 72, the first current detector 73, and the second current detector 74.
- a controller 9 for controlling the on / off of the switching element 5 is provided.
- the step-up chopper circuit is shown as the AC / DC converter 10, but a step-down circuit and a step-up / down circuit can also be applied as long as the circuit includes a reactor which is a magnetic component.
- the AC power supply 1 is a commercial AC system or a private power generator.
- the direct current load 8 is composed of not only a pure resistance load but also, for example, a high-pressure battery for driving a vehicle, a lead battery as a power source for electrical components for a vehicle, and an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC: Electric Double Layer Capacitor). Is also good.
- the AC power supply 1 or the DC load 8 is not limited to the above.
- the power factor improving reactor 3 is a flow reduction reactor in which one end is connected to the positive output bus of the input side diode rectifying bridge circuit 2 and the other end is connected to the connection point between the diode element 4 and the switching element 5.
- the power factor improving reactor 3 may be connected to the negative side output bus of the input side diode rectifying bridge circuit 2 and the source terminal of the switching element 5, and both ends of the input / output bus of the input side diode rectifying bridge circuit 2. You may connect to each of them in a distributed manner.
- the diode element 4 is not limited to types such as a fast recovery diode (FRD: Fast Recovery Diode) and a soft recovery diode (SBD: Soft Recovery Diode), as well as SiC (Silicon Carbide), GaN (Gallium Nitride), or Ga2O3 oxidation. A material such as gallium) may be used. Further, a switching element may be used as a substitute for synchronous rectification.
- FDD Fast Recovery Diode
- SBD Soft Recovery Diode
- SiC Silicon Carbide
- GaN GaN
- Ga2O3 oxidation Ga2O3 oxidation
- a material such as gallium may be used.
- a switching element may be used as a substitute for synchronous rectification.
- the switching element 5 is not limited to IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) and MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Transistors), but also SiC- MOSFETs, GaN-FETs, GaN-HEMTs (HighTransistor) and GaN-HEMT (High You may.
- IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- MOSFETs Metal Oxide Semiconductor Transistors
- the AC / DC converter 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a step-up chopper circuit configuration as described above, but even if it is a semi-bridgeless type or a totem pole type configuration in which the input side diode rectifying bridge circuit 2 is omitted. good.
- the controller 9 of the power converter of the present application is based on some or all of the detected values of the first voltage detector 71, the second voltage detector 72, the first current detector 73, and the second current detector 74. , The control calculation is performed for each control cycle determined by the control frequency described below. Then, the controller 9 controls the switching element 5 of the AC / DC converter 10. That is, the controller 9 is a switching element 5 based on a part or all of the detected values of the first voltage detector 71, the second voltage detector 72, the first current detector 73, and the second current detector 74. A desired operation can be performed by transmitting a drive signal X to the gate of the above and controlling the on / off of the switching element 5.
- the controller 9 performs an appropriate feedback calculation according to the operation mode of the power conversion device, outputs the duty ratio duty_fb, and calculates the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the hardware of the microcomputer in the controller 9.
- the hardware of the microcomputer is composed of a processor 100 and a storage device 101, and although not shown, the storage device 101 includes a volatile storage device such as a random access memory and a non-volatile auxiliary storage device such as a flash memory. Equipped. Further, the auxiliary storage device of the hard disk may be provided instead of the flash memory.
- the processor 100 outputs the drive signal X by executing the program input from the storage device 101. In this case, a program is input from the auxiliary storage device to the processor 100 via the volatile storage device. Further, the processor 100 may output data such as a calculation result to the volatile storage device of the storage device 101, or may store the data in the auxiliary storage device via the volatile storage device.
- FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram of a switching frequency and a control frequency in the AC / DC converter 10 and the controller 9 in the present embodiment, and shows the operation of the AC power supply 1 in one cycle.
- the instantaneous value of the input voltage Vin from the AC power supply 1 (the output value of the first voltage detector 71) is full-wave rectified via the input side diode rectification bridge circuit 2 and becomes the input voltage
- the output voltage Vout of the AC / DC converter 10 (output value of the second voltage detector 72) is a DC voltage Vout having a constant value as shown in FIG. 3A.
- Vin_rms indicates an effective value of the input voltage Vin.
- the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5 changes to 1 in the phase where the input voltage Vin becomes zero and to the minimum in the phase where the input voltage Vin peaks.
- This operation can be expressed using the following equation (1).
- the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5 is determined based on the duty ratio duty_vt obtained by the equation (1) and the duty ratio duty_fb obtained by the feedback calculation described later. Specifically, the duty ratio duty_fb is set as the feedback term, the duty ratio duty_vt is set as the feedforward term, and only the feedback term or the sum of the feedback term and the feedforward term is set to be the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5.
- the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the reactor 3 for improving the power factor is given by the following equation (2).
- N is the number of turns of the power factor improving reactor 3
- Ae is the effective cross-sectional area of the magnetic core of the power factor improving reactor 3
- fsw is the switching frequency of the switching element 5.
- the magnetic core of the reactor 3 for power factor improvement
- the ratio of the switching loss to the total loss becomes large, which causes a decrease in the power conversion efficiency.
- the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the reactor 3 for improving the power factor is set to a maximum value Bmax or less (theoretical value B in FIG. 3D).
- the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 3C) in the case of is obtained by feedback calculation based on the equation (2). That is, in addition to the feedback control of the duty ratio duty, the switching frequency fsw in which the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the power factor improving reactor 3 determined by the equation (2) is set to the maximum value Bmax or less is derived by the feedback calculation. do.
- the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5 fluctuates instantaneously and dynamically in a half cycle of the phase of the input voltage Vin. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to realize stable fluctuation of the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5, the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the power factor improving reactor 3 derived above is set to the maximum value Bmax or less. Based on the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 3C), it is controlled to fluctuate stepwise for each section of M pieces (M is an integer of 2 or more) based on the half cycle of the phase of the input voltage Vin. .. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
- the half cycle of the phase of the input voltage Vin is divided into M sections, and the switching frequency fsw in each section is a reactor for improving the power factor at the temporal start point of each section.
- the switching frequency fsw calculated so that the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of No. 3 becomes a set value equal to or less than the maximum value Bmax is adopted.
- the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5 is set to a non-zero frequency smaller than the switching frequency fsw at the time when the input voltage Vin becomes maximum.
- the minimum value fsw_min of the switching frequency of the switching element 5 set as shown in FIG. 3E is set as the lower limit value, and the magnetic flux density is controlled so as to be the minimum value fsw_min of this switching frequency in the vicinity of zero cross.
- the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 3C) is derived by the feedback operation based on the equation (2), but the feedforward operation may be used in addition to the feedback operation. That is, by adding a feed-forward calculation using the following equation (3), the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5 in which the magnetic flux density of the power factor improving reactor 3 is the set value is derived, and the switching frequency fsw is controlled. Is also good. Specifically, the input voltage Vin obtained from the first voltage detector 71, the output voltage Vout obtained from the second voltage detector 72, the number of turns N of the reactor 3 for power factor improvement, and the effective cross-sectional area of the magnetic core.
- a switching frequency fsw in which the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of 3 is set to a maximum value Bmax or less is derived. Then, the switching frequency fsw is controlled so as to change stepwise for each interval of an arbitrary integer M based on the half cycle of the phase of the input voltage Vin.
- the output voltage Vout not only the detection value obtained from the second voltage detector 72 but also the control command value may be used when the control command value is provided. Further, the switching frequency fsw (theoretical value of fsw in FIG. 3C) may be derived by using only the feedforward operation instead of deriving by the feedback operation.
- the control frequency fcont in the controller 9 is in phase with the switching frequency fsw, and the switching frequency fsw is divided by an integer P (P is an integer of 2 or more). Set to a value.
- P is an integer of 2 or more.
- the control frequency fcont can be set to 1 / P with respect to the switching frequency fsw. Therefore, when the maximum value of the required switching frequency fsw is high speed, when complicated control processing is required, or when a single controller (microcomputer) controls a plurality of power conversion devices, a controller (microcomputer) is used. ), It is possible to reduce the processing load. Further, in the example shown in FIG.
- the integer P is constant
- the integer P may be changed for each section divided into M pieces or for each AC cycle.
- the integer P may be 2 or more in at least a part of the section, and even if it is set to 1 in the other sections, the effect that the load processing of the controller (microcomputer) can be reduced can be obtained. ..
- the integer P is not limited to a constant value, and may be 2 or more in at least a part of the section.
- the duty ratio duty may be calculated using the detected value of the input voltage Vin.
- the duty ratio duty may be calculated using the detected value of the output voltage Vout.
- the duty ratio duty may be calculated using the detected values of both the input voltage Vin and the output voltage Vout.
- the operation mode of the AC / DC converter 10 is divided into a constant power control mode (hereinafter referred to as CP control mode) and a constant current control mode (hereinafter referred to as CC control mode) according to the control method.
- CP control mode constant power control mode
- CC control mode constant current control mode
- the controller 9 has a sinusoidal predetermined input current command (target sinusoidal current) Iin synchronized with the detection value of the AC input voltage Vin obtained from the first voltage detector 71. Calculate the current difference between * and the detected value of the AC input current Iin. The calculated current difference is calculated as a feedback amount by proportional control or proportional integral control, and the duty ratio duty_fb related to the power factor control is output.
- the controller 9 calculates the voltage difference between the predetermined output voltage command (target DC voltage) Vout * and the detected value of the DC output voltage Vout. The calculated voltage difference is calculated as a feedback amount by proportional control or proportional integral control, and the duty ratio duty_fb related to the voltage control is output.
- control frequency fcont calculated by the above-mentioned method for the control gain (control constant) and the input current Iin obtained from the first current detector 73. Set based on one of the detected values.
- control gain (control constant) is set so that the responsiveness of the power converter increases as the control frequency fcont increases, and the responsiveness of the power converter increases as the control frequency fcont decreases.
- control gain (control constant) so that Further, as the detected value of the input current Iin obtained from the first current detector 73 increases, the inductance L of the reactor 3 for improving the power factor decreases, so that the control gain (control) decreases so that the responsiveness of the power converter becomes low.
- Constant is set, and as the detected value of the input current Iin obtained from the first current detector 73 becomes smaller, the inductance L of the reactor 3 for improving the power factor becomes larger, so that the responsiveness of the power converter becomes higher.
- control gain (control constant) This makes it possible to realize the optimum feedback calculation for the operating conditions of the power conversion device.
- a power converter is an AC / DC converter that converts an AC voltage into a DC voltage.
- the AC / DC converter includes a reactor as the magnetic component, and the AC / DC converter includes a reactor.
- the switching frequency is determined based on a frequency derived so that the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the reactor as a magnetic parameter of the magnetic component is a set value, and is an input alternating current as the time width. Based on the half cycle of the voltage phase, it fluctuates stepwise every M intervals, which are integers of 2 or more.
- the iron loss of the reactor is fixed, the switching loss of the switching element, which accounts for most of the loss of the power conversion device, can be reduced. Moreover, stable fluctuation of the switching frequency can be realized.
- the controller has a command value Bref of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the reactor, the number of turns N of the reactor, an effective cross-sectional area Ae of the magnetic core of the reactor, and an input voltage detection value Vin of the power converter.
- the output voltage detection value Vout of the power converter was used to determine the switching frequency so as to satisfy the above equation (3).
- the controller performs feedback control so that the input current of the power converter follows a sinusoidal current synchronized with the input voltage of the power converter, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element. Because I did Power can be supplied from an AC power supply to a DC load while controlling the power factor.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the output voltage of the power converter follows the target output voltage, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element.
- Power can be supplied from an AC power supply to a DC load while controlling the voltage.
- controller sets the control constant of the feedback control based on either the control frequency or the input current of the power converter. Optimal feedback calculation can be performed according to the operating conditions of the power converter.
- Embodiment 2 In the first embodiment, the control method of the switching frequency and the control frequency has been described for the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the reactor 3. In the second embodiment, a control method of the switching frequency and the control frequency for the current ripple (pulsation) of the reactor 3 will be described. Since the circuit configuration of the power conversion device is the same as the circuit configurations of FIGS. 1 and 2 of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 4 is an operation waveform diagram illustrating a switching frequency and a control frequency in the AC / DC converter 10 and the controller 9 in the present embodiment, and shows the operation of the AC power supply 1 in one cycle.
- the instantaneous value of the input voltage Vin from the AC power supply 1 (the output value of the first voltage detector 71) is full-wave rectified via the input side diode rectification bridge circuit 2 and becomes the input voltage
- the output voltage Vout of the AC / DC converter 10 (output value of the second voltage detector 72) is a constant value DC voltage Vout as shown in FIG. 4A.
- Vin_rms indicates an effective value of the input voltage Vin.
- the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5 changes to 1 in the phase where the input voltage Vin becomes zero and to the minimum in the phase where the input voltage Vin peaks.
- This operation can be expressed using the above equation (1).
- the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5 is determined based on the duty ratio duty_vt obtained by the equation (1) and the duty ratio duty_fb obtained by the feedback calculation.
- the control for calculating the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip is superimposed on the instantaneous input current Iin obtained from the first current detector 73 by the excitation and demagnetization (reset) of the reactor 3 for improving the power factor.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip can be expressed by the following equation (4).
- L in the equation (4) is the inductance of the reactor 3 for improving the power factor.
- the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5 when the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5 is fixed at a preset value, for example, the switching frequency fsw_max, the current ripple changes according to the phase of the input voltage Vin.
- the switching element 5 still has the fixed switching frequency fsw_max even if the input current ripple reaches the minimum value ⁇ Irip_min. In the case of a light load condition, the ratio of the switching loss to the total loss becomes large, which causes a decrease in the power conversion efficiency.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the instantaneous input current Iin obtained from the first current detector 73 is operated by fixing the maximum value (fsw_max) of the switching frequency of the set switching element 5.
- the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 4C) which is a set value ( ⁇ Irip theoretical value in FIG. 4D) equal to or less than the maximum value ⁇ Irip_max of the current ripple at the time, is derived by a feedback calculation based on the equation (4). That is, in addition to the feedback control of the duty ratio duty, the switching frequency fsw (theoretical value of fsw in FIG. 4C) at which the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the input current Iin determined by the equation (4) becomes the set value (theoretical value of ⁇ Irip in FIG. 4D). Is derived by feedback calculation.
- the switching frequency fsw of the switching element 5 fluctuates instantaneously and dynamically in a half cycle of the phase of the input voltage Vin. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to realize stable fluctuation of the switching frequency of the switching element 5, the phase of the input voltage Vin is based on the switching frequency in which the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the input current Iin derived above is a set value. Based on the half cycle of, it is controlled to fluctuate stepwise for each section of M pieces (M is an integer of 2 or more). Specifically, as shown in FIG.
- the half cycle of the phase of the input voltage Vin is divided into M sections, and the switching frequency fsw in each section is the current of the input current Iin at the temporal start point of each section.
- the switching frequency fsw calculated so that the ripple ⁇ Irip becomes the set value is adopted.
- the switching frequency fsw is controlled so as to fluctuate stepwise for each M section.
- the output voltage Vout not only the detection value obtained from the second voltage detector 72 but also the control command value may be used when the control command value is provided.
- the switching frequency fsw theoretical value in FIG. 4C
- it may be derived using only the feedforward operation based on the equation (5).
- the power converter is an AC / DC converter that converts an AC voltage into a DC voltage.
- the AC / DC converter includes a reactor as the magnetic component, and the AC / DC converter includes a reactor.
- the switching frequency is determined based on a frequency derived so that the current ripple of the input current of the power converter as an electrical parameter of the power converter becomes a set value, and is determined as the time width. Based on the half cycle of the input AC voltage phase of, the frequency is changed stepwise every M intervals, which are integers of 2 or more. It is possible to reduce the switching loss of the switching element, which accounts for most of the loss of the power converter. Moreover, stable fluctuation of the switching frequency can be realized.
- the switching frequency is determined so as to satisfy the equation (5), It is possible to reduce the switching loss of the switching element, which accounts for most of the loss of the power converter.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the input current of the power converter follows a sinusoidal current synchronized with the input voltage of the power converter, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element. Because I did Power can be supplied from an AC power supply to a DC load while controlling the power factor.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the output voltage of the power converter follows the target output voltage, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element.
- Power can be supplied from an AC power supply to a DC load while controlling the voltage.
- controller sets the control constant of the feedback control based on either the control frequency or the input current of the power converter. Optimal feedback calculation can be performed according to the operating conditions of the power converter.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a circuit configuration diagram of the power conversion device according to the third embodiment, and is an isolated DC between the output terminal of the AC / DC converter 10 and the DC load 8 described in the first embodiment. It is configured via the / DC converter 11.
- the configuration of the AC / DC converter 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment (FIG. 1), and includes an input side diode rectifying bridge circuit 2, a power factor improving reactor 3, a diode element 4, and a switching element 5. , The details thereof are described in the first embodiment.
- the isolated DC / DC converter 11 includes a primary side inverter circuit composed of switching elements 1111, 1112, 1113 and 1114, an isolated transformer 112, and a secondary side composed of diode elements 1131, 1132, 1133 and 1134. It includes a rectifier circuit, a smoothing reactor 114, a smoothing capacitor 115, a load voltage detector 1161 for detecting a load voltage Diode, and a load current detector 1162 for detecting a load current I load.
- the switching elements 1111 to 1114 constituting the primary side inverter of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 are not limited to IGBTs and MOSFETs, but SiC- MOSFETs, GaN-FETs, GaN-HEMTs, or Ga2O3- MOSFETs may be used. .. Further, the secondary side rectifier circuit may be a synchronous rectifier circuit using not only a rectifier bridge circuit composed of a diode as shown in FIG. 5 but also a switching element such as a MOSFET instead of the diode.
- the controller 90 performs a control operation for each control cycle determined by the control frequency, based on some or all of those detected values.
- the controller 90 controls the switching elements 1111 to 1114. That is, the controller 90 is a switching element 1111 based on some or all of the detection values obtained from the second voltage detector 72, the load voltage detector 1161, the second current detector 74, and the load current detector 1162.
- a desired operation can be performed by transmitting drive signals Y1 to Y4 to the gates of 1114 and controlling the on / off of the switching elements 1111 to 1114.
- the controller 90 performs an appropriate feedback calculation according to the operation mode of the power conversion device, outputs the duty ratio duty_fb, and calculates the duty ratio duty of the switching elements 1111 to 1114.
- the voltage Vout detected by the second voltage detector 72 is the input voltage Vout of the power converter.
- the current Iout detected by the current detector 74 is the input current Iout of the power converter
- the voltage voltage detected by the load voltage detector 1161 is the output voltage Vload of the power converter and the load current detector 1162.
- the current Iload is the output current Iload of the power converter.
- the switching frequency of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 and the control frequency of the controller 90 are controlled for the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112 constituting the isolation DC / DC converter 11.
- the output voltage Vout of the AC / DC converter 10 input voltage Vout of the DC / DC converter 11
- the load voltage Vload of the DC / DC converter 11 output voltage Vload of the DC / DC converter 11
- the amount of fluctuation is treated as zero, that is, as a constant value.
- FIG. 6 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining the switching frequency and the control frequency in the isolated DC / DC converter 11 and the controller 90 of the present embodiment, and shows the operation waveform for the load voltage (output voltage) Voltage.
- the detection value Vout of the second voltage detector 72 that is, the input voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter 11
- the detection value Vload of the load voltage detector 1161 that is, the output voltage Vload of the isolated DC / DC converter 11
- the DC voltage is a constant value.
- the duty ratio duty for determining the drive signals Y1 to Y4 of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 becomes the minimum value when the load voltage (output voltage) Voltage becomes the minimum, and the load voltage (output). Voltage) It becomes the maximum value when the voltage becomes the maximum.
- This operation can be expressed by the following equation (6).
- the duty ratio duty of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 is determined based on the duty ratio duty_vt obtained by the equation (6) and the duty ratio duty_fb obtained by the feedback calculation. Specifically, the duty ratio duty_fb is set as the feedback term, the duty ratio duty_vt is set as the feedforward term, and only the feedback term or the sum of the feedback term and the feedforward term is set to be the duty ratio duty of the switching element 5.
- the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112 is given by the following equation (7).
- N is the number of turns of the isolation transformer 112
- Ae is the effective cross-sectional area of the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112
- fsw is the switching frequency of the switching elements 1111 to 1114.
- the input voltage Vout of the isolation DC / DC converter 11 is constant, the switching frequency fsw is fixed at the preset maximum value fsw_max, and as the output voltage Vload of the isolation DC / DC converter 11 decreases, the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112
- the switching elements 1111 to 1114 operate at a fixed switching frequency fsw_max, so that in the case of a light load condition. , The ratio of switching loss to total loss becomes large, which causes a decrease in power conversion efficiency.
- the switching frequency of the switching elements 1111, 1112, 1113 and 1114 is derived by a feedback calculation based on the equation (7) so as to be (B theoretical value) (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 6C). That is, in addition to the feedback control of the duty ratio duty, the switching frequency fsw in which the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112 determined by the equation (7) becomes a set value of the maximum value Bmax or less is derived by the feedback calculation.
- the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112 derived above is set to the maximum value Bmax or less.
- control is performed so as to change stepwise for each section of M pieces (M is an integer of 2 or more).
- M is an integer of 2 or more.
- the operating range R1 of the output voltage (load voltage) Vload is divided into M sections, and the switching frequency fsw in each section is the magnetic flux of the magnetic core of the isolation transformer 112 in any load voltage Vload in each section.
- the switching frequency fsw calculated so that the density B becomes a set value equal to or less than the maximum value Bmax is adopted.
- the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 6C) is derived by the feedback calculation based on the equation (7), but the feedforward calculation may be used in addition to the feedback calculation. That is, even if the feed forward calculation using the following equation (8) is added to derive the switching frequency fsw of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 in which the magnetic flux density of the isolation transformer 112 is the set value, the switching frequency fsw is controlled. good.
- the input voltage Vout obtained from the second voltage detector 72, the output voltage (load voltage) Vload obtained from the load voltage detector 1161, the number of turns N of the isolated transformer 112, and the effective cross-sectional area of the magnetic core is controlled.
- the feed forward calculation term obtained by substituting Ae and the command value Blef of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core set in advance into the equation (8) is added to the feedback control calculation term of the feedback control described above, and the isolated transformer 112
- the switching frequency fsw at which the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the above is set to the maximum value Bmax or less is derived. Then, based on the operating range R1 of the output voltage (load voltage) Vload, the switching frequency fsw is controlled so as to change stepwise for each section of M pieces (M is an integer of 2 or more).
- the output voltage (load voltage) voltage may be used not only as a detection value obtained from the load voltage detector 1161 but also when a control command value is provided. Further, instead of deriving the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 6C) by the feedback operation, it may be derived using only the feedforward operation.
- control frequency fcont in the controller 90 is in phase with the switching frequency fsw as shown in FIG. 6F, and the switching frequency fsw is divided by an integer P (P is an integer of 2 or more).
- P is an integer of 2 or more.
- the control frequency fcont can be set to 1 / P with respect to the switching frequency fsw. Therefore, when the maximum value of the required switching frequency is high speed, when complicated control processing is required, or when a single controller (microcomputer) controls a plurality of power conversion devices, the controller (microcomputer) It is possible to reduce the processing load of.
- control frequency fcont in the controller 90 to a value obtained by dividing the switching frequency by an integer P of 2 or more as shown in FIG. 6F, it is possible to always synchronize the switching frequency and the control frequency.
- the control frequency fcont in the controller 90 is set to a value obtained by dividing the switching frequency by an integer P of 2 or more as shown in FIG. 6F, it is possible to always synchronize the switching frequency and the control frequency.
- the control is performed, it is possible to prevent the controllability from deteriorating even when the switching frequency sequentially fluctuates according to the operating conditions.
- the duty ratio duty is used by using the detected value of the input voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 (output voltage Vout of the AC / DC converter 10). Should be calculated.
- the duty ratio duty is used by using the detected value of the output voltage (load voltage) Vload. Should be calculated.
- the duty ratio duty may be calculated using both detected values.
- the operation mode of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 is divided into a constant power control mode (hereinafter referred to as CP control mode) and a constant current control mode (hereinafter referred to as CC control mode) according to the control method.
- CP control mode constant power control mode
- CC control mode constant current control mode
- the controller 90 has a predetermined output voltage command Vout * of the AC / DC converter 10, that is, an input voltage command Vout * of the isolated DC / DC converter 11, and the AC / DC converter 10.
- the voltage difference from the detected value of the output voltage Vout of the above, that is, the detected value of the input voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 is calculated.
- the calculated voltage difference is calculated as a feedback amount by proportional control or proportional integral control, and the duty ratio duty_fb related to the voltage control is output.
- the controller 90 calculates the current difference between the predetermined load current command (output current command) Iload * and the detected value of the load current (output current) Iload.
- the calculated current difference is calculated as a feedback amount by proportional control or proportional integral control, and the duty ratio duty_fb related to the current control is output.
- control frequency fcont calculated by the above-mentioned method for the control gain (control constant) and the load current (output current) obtained from the load current detector 1162. ) Set based on one of the detected values of Iload.
- control gain is set so that the responsiveness of the power converter increases as the control frequency fcont increases, and the responsiveness of the power converter increases as the control frequency fcont decreases.
- Set the control gain (control constant) so that Further, as the detection value of the load current (output current) Iload obtained from the load current detector 1162 increases, the inductance L of the isolated transformer 112 decreases, so that the control gain (control) decreases so that the responsiveness of the power converter becomes low. As the detection value of the load current (output current) Iload obtained from the load current detector 1162 decreases, the inductance L of the insulation transformer 112 increases, so that the responsiveness of the power converter increases.
- Set the control gain (control constant) This makes it possible to realize the optimum feedback calculation for the operating conditions of the power conversion device.
- the DC / DC converter includes a transformer as a magnetic component, and the switching frequency is determined based on a frequency derived so that the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the transformer as a magnetic parameter of the magnetic component becomes a set value.
- the DC / DC converter contains the reactor as a magnetic component, and the magnetic flux density of the reactor as a magnetic parameter of the magnetic component is determined based on the frequency derived so as to be a set value. Is also good.
- the power converter is a DC / DC converter that converts a DC voltage into a DC voltage.
- the DC / DC converter comprises at least one of the reactors or transformers as the magnetic component.
- the switching frequency is determined based on a frequency derived so that the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the reactor or transformer as a magnetic parameter of the magnetic component becomes a set value, and is determined as the electric quantity width.
- the voltage is changed stepwise for each M section, which is an integer of 2 or more.
- the controller includes a command value Blef of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core of the reactor or the transformer, the number of turns N of the reactor or the transformer, the effective cross-sectional area Ae of the magnetic core of the reactor or the transformer, and the above. Since the input voltage detection value Vout of the power converter and the output voltage detection value Vload of the power converter are used to determine the switching frequency so as to satisfy the above equation (8). Although the iron loss of the reactor or transformer is fixed, the switching loss of the switching element, which accounts for most of the loss of the power converter, can be reduced.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the input voltage of the power converter follows the target input voltage, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element. It is possible to convert DC power to DC power while controlling the voltage.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the output current of the power converter follows the target output current, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element. It is possible to convert DC power to DC power while controlling the current.
- controller sets the control constant of the feedback control based on either the control frequency or the output current of the power converter. Optimal feedback calculation can be performed according to the operating conditions of the power converter.
- Embodiment 4 In the third embodiment, a method of controlling the switching frequency and the control frequency for the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic core of the insulating transformer constituting the isolation DC / DC converter 11 has been described. In the fourth embodiment, a method of controlling the switching frequency and the control frequency for the ripple (pulsation) of the output current of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 will be described. Since the circuit configuration of the power conversion device is the same as the circuit configuration of FIG. 5 of the third embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 7 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining the switching frequency and the control frequency in the power conversion device of the present embodiment, and shows the operation waveform for the load voltage (output voltage) Voltage.
- the detection value Vout of the second voltage detector 72 that is, the input voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter 11
- the detection value Vload of the load voltage detector 1161 that is, the output voltage Vload of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 are .
- the DC voltage is a constant value.
- the duty ratio duty for determining the drive signals Y1 to Y4 of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 becomes the minimum value when the load voltage (output voltage) voltage becomes the minimum, and the load voltage (output). Voltage) It becomes the maximum value when the voltage becomes the maximum.
- This operation can be expressed by the above equation (6).
- the duty ratio duty of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 is determined based on the duty ratio duty_vt obtained by the equation (6) and the duty ratio duty_fb obtained by the feedback calculation.
- the control for calculating the duty ratio duty of the switching elements 1111 to 1114 is the same as that in the third embodiment.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip is superimposed on the load current (output current) Iload obtained from the load current detector 1162 by the excitation and reset (demagnetization) of the isolation transformer 112.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip can be expressed by the following equation (9).
- L is the inductance of the isolation transformer 112.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the instantaneous load current Iload obtained from the load current detector 1162 operates at a fixed maximum value (fsw_max) of the switching frequency of the set switching elements 1111 to 1114.
- a switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 7C) which is a set value ( ⁇ Irip theoretical value in FIG. 7D) equal to or less than the maximum value ⁇ Irip_max of the current ripple when the current ripple is caused is derived by a feedback calculation based on the equation (9). That is, in addition to the feedback control of the duty ratio duty, the switching frequency fsw (theoretical value of fsw in FIG. 7C) in which the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the load current Iload determined by the equation (9) becomes the set value (theoretical value of ⁇ Irip in FIG. 7D). Is derived by feedback calculation.
- the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the load current (output current) Iload derived above is set as the set value based on the switching frequency.
- control is performed so that the frequency fluctuates stepwise for each section of M pieces (M is an integer of 2 or more).
- M is an integer of 2 or more.
- the operating range R1 of the load voltage (output voltage) Vload is divided into M sections, and the switching frequency fsw in each section is an arbitrary load voltage (output voltage) in each section. ) In the voltage, the switching frequency fsw calculated so that the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the load current (output current) Iload becomes the set value is taken.
- the feed forward calculation is added using the following equation (10), and the switching element 1111 to the switching element 1111 to which the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the load current (output current) Iload becomes the set value.
- the switching frequency fsw of 1114 may be derived and the switching frequency fsw may be controlled. Specifically, the input voltage Vout of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 obtained from the second voltage detector 72, the load voltage (output voltage) Vload obtained from the load voltage detector 1161, and the inductance L of the isolated transformer 112.
- the feed forward calculation term obtained by substituting the preset load current (output current) ripple command value ⁇ Irip_ref into the equation (10) is added to the feedback control calculation term of the feedback control based on the equation (9).
- the switching frequency fsw in which the current ripple ⁇ Irip of the load current (output current) Iload is set is derived.
- the switching frequency fsw is controlled so as to change stepwise for each section of two or more integers M.
- the load voltage (output voltage) voltage may be used not only as a detection value obtained from the load voltage detector 1161 but also when a control command value is provided. Further, instead of deriving the switching frequency (fsw theoretical value in FIG. 7C) by the feedback operation, it may be derived using only the feedforward operation based on the equation (10).
- the DC / DC converter includes a transformer as a magnetic component, and the switching frequency is a frequency derived so that the current ripple of the output current of the power converter as an electric parameter of the power converter becomes a set value.
- the DC / DC converter includes a reactor as a magnetic component, and the switching frequency is set to the current ripple of the output current of the power converter as an electrical parameter of the power converter. It may be determined based on the derived frequency.
- the power converter is a DC / DC converter that converts a DC voltage into a DC voltage.
- the DC / DC converter comprises at least one of the reactors or transformers as the magnetic component.
- the switching frequency is determined based on a frequency derived so that the current ripple of the output current of the power converter as an electric parameter of the power converter becomes a set value, and the electric quantity width is determined.
- the voltage is changed stepwise for each M section, which is an integer of 2 or more. It is possible to reduce the switching loss of the switching element, which accounts for most of the loss of the power converter.
- the controller has a command value ⁇ Irip_ref of the current ripple of the output current of the power converter, an inductance L of the reactor or the transformer, an input voltage detection value Vout of the power converter, and the power converter. Since the switching frequency is determined so as to satisfy the above equation (10) by using the output voltage detection value Inductance. It is possible to reduce the switching loss of the switching element, which accounts for most of the loss of the power converter.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the input voltage of the power converter follows the target input voltage, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element. It is possible to convert DC power to DC power while controlling the voltage.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the output current of the power converter follows the target output current, and calculates the duty ratio of the switching element. It is possible to convert DC power to DC power while controlling the current.
- controller sets the control constant of the feedback control based on either the control frequency or the output current of the power converter. Optimal feedback calculation can be performed according to the operating conditions of the power converter.
- Embodiment 5 In the above-mentioned embodiments 3 and 4, the configuration in which the isolated DC / DC converter 11 is interposed between the output terminal of the AC / DC converter 10 and the DC load 8 described in the first embodiment has been described as an example. .. However, the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. That is, a DC voltage may be provided in front of the isolated DC / DC converter 11 to form a single isolated DC / DC converter. Further, a chopper circuit using a reactor may be used instead of using an isolation transformer.
- the voltage difference between the predetermined load voltage (output voltage) command Voltage * and the detected value of the load voltage (output voltage) Vload is output.
- the controller performs feedback control so that the output voltage of the power converter follows a target output voltage. Since the duty ratio of the switching element is calculated, it is possible to convert DC power to DC power while controlling the voltage.
- controller sets the control constant of the feedback control based on either the control frequency or the output current of the power converter. Optimal feedback calculation can be performed according to the operating conditions of the power converter.
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Abstract
Description
磁性部品と、スイッチング素子とを含み、電力変換を行う電力変換器と、
制御周波数によって決まる制御周期の下、前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比および前記スイッチング素子を駆動するスイッチング周波数に基づき、前記スイッチング素子のオンオフを制御する制御器とを備え、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータおよび前記電力変換器の電気パラメータの少なくとも一つに基づいて決定され、予め定められた時間幅および予め定められた電気量幅のいずれか一つに基づき2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するとともに、
前記制御周波数は、前記スイッチング周波数を2以上の整数Pで除した値である。
本願に開示される電力変換装置は、磁性部品と、スイッチング素子とを含み、電力変換を行う電力変換器と、
制御周波数によって決まる制御周期の下、前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比および前記スイッチング素子を駆動するスイッチング周波数に基づき、前記スイッチング素子のオンオフを制御する制御器とを備え、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータおよび前記電力変換器の電気パラメータの少なくとも一つに基づいて決定され、予め定められた時間幅および予め定められた電気量幅のいずれか一つに基づき2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するとともに、
前記制御周波数は、前記スイッチング周波数を2以上の整数Pで除した値である。
実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置について、図面を参照して説明する。図1は、実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の回路構成図の1例を示す図であり、交流電力を直流電力に変換するAC/DCコンバータ10を備えている。
図1に示す電力変換装置は、交流電源1から電力変換器であるAC/DCコンバータ10に交流電力が入力され、AC/DCコンバータ10から直流電力が直流負荷8に出力される。AC/DCコンバータ10は、入力側ダイオード整流ブリッジ回路2、力率改善用リアクトル3、ダイオード素子4、スイッチング素子5、平滑用コンデンサ6を備える。また、電力変換器であるAC/DCコンバータ10は、第1電圧検出器71、第2電圧検出器72、第1電流検出器73、および第2電流検出器74からの検出信号を入力して、スイッチング素子5のオンオフを制御する制御器9を備える。なお、本例では、AC/DCコンバータ10として昇圧チョッパ回路を示しているが、磁性部品であるリアクトルを含む回路であれば、降圧回路、昇降圧回路でも適用可能である。
はじめに、力率改善用リアクトル3の磁性コアの磁束密度Bを対象として、スイッチング素子5のスイッチング周波数および制御器9における制御周波数の制御について説明する。なお、実施の形態1では、AC/DCコンバータ10の出力電圧Voutの変動量をゼロ、つまり一定値として扱うこととする。
図3Aにおいて、交流電源1からの入力電圧Vinの瞬時値(第1電圧検出器71の出力値)は、入力側ダイオード整流ブリッジ回路2を介して全波整流され、入力電圧|Vin|となる。また、AC/DCコンバータ10の出力電圧Vout(第2電圧検出器72の出力値)は、図3Aに示すように一定値の直流電圧Voutとしている。なお、図3Aにおいて、Vin_rmsは入力電圧Vinの実効値を示している。
そこで、本実施の形態では、スイッチング素子5のスイッチング周波数fswの安定的な変動を実現するため、上記で導出した力率改善用リアクトル3の磁性コアの磁束密度Bが最大値Bmax以下の設定値となるスイッチング周波数(図3Cのfsw理論値)に基づき、入力電圧Vinの位相の半周期に基づいて、M個(Mは2以上の整数)の区間ごとに階段状に変動するように制御する。
具体的には、図3Eに示すように、入力電圧Vinの位相の半周期をM個の区間に分割し、各区間におけるスイッチング周波数fswは、各区間の時間的な始点において力率改善用リアクトル3の磁性コアの磁束密度Bが最大値Bmax以下の設定値となるように演算されたスイッチング周波数fswを採る。
具体的には、第1電圧検出器71から得られる入力電圧Vinと、第2電圧検出器72から得られる出力電圧Voutと、力率改善用リアクトル3の巻数Nと、磁性コアの実効断面積Aeと、予め設定した磁性コアの磁束密度の指令値Brefとを式(3)に代入して得られたフィードフォワード演算項を、フィードバック制御のフィードバック制御演算項に加算して力率改善用リアクトル3の磁性コアの磁束密度Bが最大値Bmax以下の設定値となるスイッチング周波数fswを導出する。そして、入力電圧Vinの位相の半周期に基づき、任意の整数M個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようスイッチング周波数fswを制御する。なお、出力電圧Voutは、第2電圧検出器72から得られる検出値だけでなく、制御指令値を設けている際は、これを用いても良い。
また、スイッチング周波数fsw(図3Cのfsw理論値)を、フィードバック演算により導出する代わりに前記のフィードフォワード演算のみを用いて導出してもよい。
また、図3Fに示す例では、整数Pを一定とした場合について示したが、これに限ったものではない。例えば、整数Pを、M個に分割した区間ごとあるいは交流周期ごとに変更させてもよい。この場合、整数Pは、少なくとも一部の区間で2以上であればよく、それ以外の区間において1とした場合であっても、制御器(マイコン)の負荷処理を低減できるという効果が得られる。なお、後述する実施の形態2から実施の形態5においても、整数Pは一定に限らず、少なくとも一部の区間で2以上であってもよい。
AC/DCコンバータ10の動作モードは、制御方法に応じて定電力制御モード(以下、CP制御モードと称す)と、定電流制御モード(以下、CC制御モードと称す)とに分けられる。
一方、CC制御モードでは、制御器9は予め定められた出力電圧指令(目標直流電圧)Vout*と、直流出力電圧Voutの検出値との電圧差を算出する。算出した電圧差をフィードバック量として比例制御もしくは比例積分制御により演算し、電圧制御に関するデューティ比duty_fbを出力する。
上述したCP制御モードおよびCC制御モードにおける比例制御もしくは比例積分制御について、その制御ゲイン(制御定数)を上述した方法で演算された制御周波数fcontと第1電流検出器73から得られる入力電流Iinの検出値のいずれか一方に基づいて設定する。
また、第1電流検出器73から得られる入力電流Iinの検出値が大きくなるにつれて力率改善用リアクトル3のインダクタンスLが小さくなるため、電力変換装置の応答性が低くなるように制御ゲイン(制御定数)を設定し、第1電流検出器73から得られる入力電流Iinの検出値が小さくなるにつれて力率改善用リアクトル3のインダクタンスLが大きくなるため、電力変換装置の応答性が高くなるように制御ゲイン(制御定数)を設定する。
これにより、電力変換装置の動作条件に対して最適なフィードバック演算を実現することができる。
以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、
電力変換器は、交流電圧を直流電圧に変換するAC/DCコンバータであって、
前記AC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータとしての前記リアクトルの磁性コアの磁束密度が設定値となるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記時間幅としての入力交流電圧位相の半周期に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようにしたので、
リアクトルの鉄損は固定されるものの、電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。また、スイッチング周波数の安定的な変動を実現することができる。
リアクトルの鉄損は固定されるものの、電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
力率制御を行いながら交流電源から直流負荷に電力を供給することができる。
電圧制御を行いながら交流電源から直流負荷に電力を供給することができる。
電力変換装置の動作条件に応じて最適なフィードバック演算を行うことができる。
実施の形態1では、リアクトル3の磁性コアの磁束密度Bを対象として、スイッチング周波数および制御周波数の制御手法を説明した。実施の形態2では、リアクトル3の電流リプル(脈動)を対象としたスイッチング周波数および制御周波数の制御手法について説明する。
なお、電力変換装置の回路構成は、実施の形態1の図1および図2の回路構成と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
図4は、本実施の形態におけるAC/DCコンバータ10および制御器9におけるスイッチング周波数および制御周波数を説明する動作波形図であり、交流電源1の1周期における動作を示している。
図4Aにおいて、交流電源1からの入力電圧Vinの瞬時値(第1電圧検出器71の出力値)は、入力側ダイオード整流ブリッジ回路2を介して全波整流され、入力電圧|Vin|となる。また、AC/DCコンバータ10の出力電圧Vout(第2電圧検出器72の出力値)は、図4Aに示すように一定値の直流電圧Voutとしている。なお、図4Aにおいて、Vin_rmsは入力電圧Vinの実効値を示している。
すなわち、デューティ比dutyのフィードバック制御に加え、式(4)によって決定される入力電流Iinの電流リプルΔIripが設定値(図4DのΔIrip理論値)となるスイッチング周波数fsw(図4Cのfsw理論値)をフィードバック演算により導出する。
そこで、本実施の形態では、スイッチング素子5のスイッチング周波数の安定的な変動を実現するため、上記で導出した入力電流Iinの電流リプルΔIripが設定値となるスイッチング周波数に基づき、入力電圧Vinの位相の半周期に基づいて、M個(Mは2以上の整数)の区間ごとに階段状に変動するよう制御する。
具体的には、図3Eに示すように、入力電圧Vinの位相の半周期をM個の区間に分割し、各区間におけるスイッチング周波数fswは、各区間の時間的な始点において入力電流Iinの電流リプルΔIripが設定値となるように演算されたスイッチング周波数fswを採る。
また、式(4)に基づくフィードバック演算のみならず、下記の式(5)を用いてフィードフォワード演算を加えて、入力電流Iinの電流リプルΔIripが設定値となるスイッチング素子5のスイッチング周波数fswを導出し、スイッチング周波数fswを制御しても良い。
具体的には、第1電圧検出器71から得られる入力電圧Vinと、第2電圧検出器72から得られる出力電圧Voutと、力率改善用リアクトル3のインダクタンスLと、予め設定した入力電流リプルの指令値ΔIrip_refとを式(5)に代入して得られたフィードフォワード演算項を、上述したフィードバック制御のフィードバック制御演算項に加算して入力電流Iinの電流リプルΔIripが設定値となるスイッチング周波数fswを導出する。そして、入力電圧Vinの位相の半周期に基づき、M個の区間ごとに階段状に変動するようスイッチング周波数fswを制御する。なお、出力電圧Voutは、第2電圧検出器72から得られる検出値だけでなく、制御指令値を設けている際は、これを用いても良い。
また、スイッチング周波数(図4Cのfsw理論値)をフィードバック演算により導出する代わりに、式(5)に基づくフィードフォワード演算のみを用いて導出してもよい。
以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、
前記電力変換器は、交流電圧を直流電圧に変換するAC/DCコンバータであって、
前記AC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記電力変換器の電気パラメータとしての前記電力変換器の入力電流の電流リプルが設定値となるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記時間幅としての入力交流電圧位相の半周期に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようにしたので、
電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。また、スイッチング周波数の安定的な変動を実現することができる。
電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
力率制御を行いながら交流電源から直流負荷に電力を供給することができる。
電圧制御を行いながら交流電源から直流負荷に電力を供給することができる。
電力変換装置の動作条件に応じて最適なフィードバック演算を行うことができる。
[実施の形態3の回路構成の説明]
図5は、実施の形態3に係る電力変換装置の回路構成図の1例であり、実施の形態1にて説明したAC/DCコンバータ10の出力端子と直流負荷8の間に、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11を介した構成としている。
AC/DCコンバータ10の構成は、実施の形態1(図1)と同様の構成であり、入力側ダイオード整流ブリッジ回路2、力率改善用リアクトル3、ダイオード素子4、スイッチング素子5を備えており、その詳細は、実施の形態1で説明している。
制御器90は、スイッチング素子1111~1114の制御を行う。すなわち、制御器90は、第2電圧検出器72、負荷電圧検出器1161、第2電流検出器74、および負荷電流検出器1162から得られる検出値の一部または全部に基づいて、スイッチング素子1111~1114のゲートに対して駆動信号Y1~Y4を送信し、スイッチング素子1111~1114のオンオフを制御することにより所望の動作を行うことができる。
実施の形態3では、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11を構成する絶縁トランス112の磁性コアの磁束密度Bを対象としてスイッチング素子1111~1114のスイッチング周波数および制御器90における制御周波数の制御を行う場合について説明する。なお、実施の形態3では、AC/DCコンバータ10の出力電圧Vout(DC/DCコンバータ11の入力電圧Vout)とDC/DCコンバータ11の負荷電圧Vload(DC/DCコンバータ11の出力電圧Vload)の変動量をゼロ、つまり一定値として扱うこととする。
図6Aにおいて、第2電圧検出器72の検出値Voutつまり絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の入力電圧Voutと、負荷電圧検出器1161の検出値Vloadつまり絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の出力電圧Vloadは、一定値の直流電圧としている。
具体的には、第2電圧検出器72から得られる入力電圧Voutと、負荷電圧検出器1161から得られる出力電圧(負荷電圧)Vloadと、絶縁トランス112の巻数Nと、磁性コアの実効断面積Aeと、予め設定した磁性コアの磁束密度の指令値Brefとを式(8)に代入して得られたフィードフォワード演算項を、上述したフィードバック制御のフィードバック制御演算項に加算して絶縁トランス112の磁性コアの磁束密度Bが最大値Bmax以下の設定値となるスイッチング周波数fswを導出する。そして、出力電圧(負荷電圧)Vloadの動作範囲R1に基づき、M個(Mは2以上の整数)の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようスイッチング周波数fswを制御する。なお、出力電圧(負荷電圧)Vloadは、負荷電圧検出器1161から得られる検出値だけでなく、制御指令値を設けている際は、これを用いても良い。
また、スイッチング周波数(図6Cのfsw理論値)をフィードバック演算により導出する代わりに、前記のフィードフォワード演算のみを用いて導出してもよい。
絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の動作モードは、制御方法に応じて定電力制御モード(以下、CP制御モードと称す)と定電流制御モード(以下、CC制御モードと称す)とに分けられる。
また、CC制御モードでは、制御器90は予め定められた負荷電流指令(出力電流指令)Iload*と、負荷電流(出力電流)Iloadの検出値との電流差を算出する。算出した電流差をフィードバック量として比例制御もしくは比例積分制御により演算し、電流制御に関するデューティ比duty_fbを出力する。
上述したCP制御モードおよびCC制御モードにおける比例制御もしくは比例積分制御について、その制御ゲイン(制御定数)を上述した方法で演算された制御周波数fcontと負荷電流検出器1162から得られる負荷電流(出力電流)Iloadの検出値のいずれか一方に基づいて設定する。
これにより、電力変換装置の動作条件に対して最適なフィードバック演算を実現することができる。
以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、
前記電力変換器は、直流電圧を直流電圧に変換するDC/DCコンバータであって、
前記DC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルまたはトランスの少なくとも一つを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータとしての前記リアクトルまたはトランスの磁性コアの磁束密度が設定値になるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記電気量幅としての前記電力変換器の出力電圧の動作範囲に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようにしたので、
リアクトルまたはトランスの鉄損は固定されるものの、電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
リアクトルまたはトランスの鉄損は固定されるものの、電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
電圧制御を行いながら直流電力から直流電力に変換することができる。
電流制御を行いながら直流電力から直流電力に変換することができる。
電力変換装置の動作条件に応じて最適なフィードバック演算を行うことができる。
実施の形態3では、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11を構成する絶縁トランスの磁性コアの磁束密度Bを対象としてスイッチング周波数および制御周波数の制御を行う手法について説明した。実施の形態4では、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の出力電流のリプル(脈動)を対象としてスイッチング周波数および制御周波数の制御を行う手法について説明する。
なお、電力変換装置の回路構成は、実施の形態3の図5の回路構成と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
図7Aにおいて、第2電圧検出器72の検出値Voutつまり絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の入力電圧Voutと、負荷電圧検出器1161の検出値Vloadつまり絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の出力電圧Vloadは、一定値の直流電圧としている。
すなわち、デューティ比dutyのフィードバック制御に加え、式(9)によって決定される負荷電流Iloadの電流リプルΔIripが設定値(図7DのΔIrip理論値)となるスイッチング周波数fsw(図7Cのfsw理論値)をフィードバック演算により導出する。
具体的には、図7Eに示すように、負荷電圧(出力電圧)Vloadの動作範囲R1をM個の区間に分割し、各区間におけるスイッチング周波数fswは、各区間の任意の負荷電圧(出力電圧)Vloadにおいて負荷電流(出力電流)Iloadの電流リプルΔIripが設定値となるように演算されたスイッチング周波数fswを取る。
具体的には、第2電圧検出器72から得られる絶縁DC/DCコンバータ11の入力電圧Voutと、負荷電圧検出器1161から得られる負荷電圧(出力電圧)Vloadと、絶縁トランス112のインダクタンスLと、予め設定した負荷電流(出力電流)リプルの指令値ΔIrip_refとを式(10)に代入して得られたフィードフォワード演算項を、式(9)に基づくフィードバック制御のフィードバック制御演算項に加算して負荷電流(出力電流)Iloadの電流リプルΔIripが設定値となるスイッチング周波数fswを導出する。そして、負荷電圧(出力電圧)Vloadの動作範囲R1に基づき、2以上の整数M個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようスイッチング周波数fswを制御する。なお、負荷電圧(出力電圧)Vloadは、負荷電圧検出器1161から得られる検出値だけでなく、制御指令値を設けている際は、これを用いても良い。
また、スイッチング周波数(図7Cのfsw理論値)をフィードバック演算により導出する代わりに、式(10)に基づくフィードフォワード演算のみを用いて導出しても良い。
以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、
前記電力変換器は、直流電圧を直流電圧に変換するDC/DCコンバータであって、
前記DC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルまたはトランスの少なくとも一つを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記電力変換器の電気パラメータとしての前記電力変換器の出力電流の電流リプルが設定値となるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記電気量幅としての前記電力変換器の出力電圧の動作範囲に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するようにしたので、
電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
電力変換装置の損失の大部分を占めるスイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
電圧制御を行いながら直流電力から直流電力に変換することができる。
電流制御を行いながら直流電力から直流電力に変換することができる。
電力変換装置の動作条件に応じて最適なフィードバック演算を行うことができる。
前述の実施の形態3および4では、実施の形態1にて説明したAC/DCコンバータ10の出力端子と直流負荷8の間に、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11を介した構成を例として説明した。しかし、本願の実施の形態はこれに限定されない。すなわち、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ11の前に直流電圧を設け、絶縁形DC/DCコンバータ単体の構成としてもよい。また、絶縁トランスを用いる代わりにリアクトルを用いたチョッパ回路としてもよい。
電力変換装置の動作条件に応じて最適なフィードバック演算を行うことができる。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
Claims (16)
- 磁性部品と、スイッチング素子とを含み、電力変換を行う電力変換器と、
制御周波数によって決まる制御周期の下、前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比および前記スイッチング素子を駆動するスイッチング周波数に基づき、前記スイッチング素子のオンオフを制御する制御器とを備え、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータおよび前記電力変換器の電気パラメータの少なくとも一つに基づいて決定され、予め定められた時間幅および予め定められた電気量幅のいずれか一つに基づき2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動するとともに、
前記制御周波数は、前記スイッチング周波数を2以上の整数Pで除した値である、電力変換装置。 - 前記電力変換器は、交流電圧を直流電圧に変換するAC/DCコンバータであって、
前記AC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータとしての前記リアクトルの磁性コアの磁束密度が設定値となるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記時間幅としての入力交流電圧位相の半周期に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動する請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電力変換器は、交流電圧を直流電圧に変換するAC/DCコンバータであって、
前記AC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記電力変換器の電気パラメータとしての前記電力変換器の入力電流の電流リプルが設定値となるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記時間幅としての入力交流電圧位相の半周期に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動する請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記電力変換器の入力電流が、前記電力変換器の入力電圧と同期した正弦波状の電流に追従するようにフィードバック制御を行い前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比を演算する請求項2から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記電力変換器の出力電圧が、目標出力電圧に追従するようにフィードバック制御を行い前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比を演算する請求項2から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記制御周波数と前記電力変換器の入力電流のいずれか一方に基づいて前記フィードバック制御の制御定数を設定する請求項6または請求項7に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記電力変換器は、直流電圧を直流電圧に変換するDC/DCコンバータであって、
前記DC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルまたはトランスの少なくとも一つを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記磁性部品の磁性パラメータとしての前記リアクトルまたは前記トランスの磁性コアの磁束密度が設定値になるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記電気量幅としての前記電力変換器の出力電圧の動作範囲に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動する請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電力変換器は、直流電圧を直流電圧に変換するDC/DCコンバータであって、
前記DC/DCコンバータは、前記磁性部品としてリアクトルまたはトランスの少なくとも一つを含み、
前記制御器において、前記スイッチング周波数は、前記電力変換器の電気パラメータとしての前記電力変換器の出力電流の電流リプルが設定値となるように導出された周波数に基づいて決定され、前記電気量幅としての前記電力変換器の出力電圧の動作範囲に基づき、2以上の整数であるM個の区間ごとに段階的に変動する請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記電力変換器の入力電圧が目標入力電圧に追従するようにフィードバック制御を行い前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比を演算する請求項9から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記電力変換器の出力電圧が目標出力電圧に追従するようにフィードバック制御を行い前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比を演算する請求項9から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記電力変換器の出力電流が目標出力電流に追従するようにフィードバック制御を行い前記スイッチング素子のデューティ比を演算する請求項9から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記制御周波数と前記電力変換器の出力電流のいずれか一方に基づいて前記フィードバック制御の制御定数を設定する請求項13から請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
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