WO2022116765A1 - 一种耳机及移动终端 - Google Patents

一种耳机及移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022116765A1
WO2022116765A1 PCT/CN2021/128303 CN2021128303W WO2022116765A1 WO 2022116765 A1 WO2022116765 A1 WO 2022116765A1 CN 2021128303 W CN2021128303 W CN 2021128303W WO 2022116765 A1 WO2022116765 A1 WO 2022116765A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
earphone
sound outlet
micro
channel
outlet tube
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PCT/CN2021/128303
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑勇
吴融融
柯有和
黎娜
杨和辉
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022116765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022116765A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic equipment, and more particularly, to a headset and a mobile terminal.
  • Headphones also known as earphones or earpieces, are a pair of conversion units that receive electrical signals from media players or receivers and convert them into audible sound waves using speakers close to the ears. Headphones are generally detachable from the media player.
  • In-ear headphones For the classification of earphones, according to the sound driving method of the transducer used in the earphone, it can be divided into dynamic and electrostatic, piezoelectric, moving iron, pneumatic, electromagnetic and so on. According to the way of wearing, it can be divided into earmuffs, on-ears, in-ears, hanging ears, etc. On the basis of ordinary earphones, in-ear headphones insert the plug of their earplugs into the ear canal, which is closer to the ear drum than ordinary headphones. Has excellent sound insulation. In-ear headphones generally include a headphone body, a headphone output port, and earplugs made of elastic materials such as silicone.
  • the air between the user's eardrum and the earphone will be compressed, resulting in a heavy pressure on the eardrum, and long-term wearing will have different degrees of discomfort, and the in-ear earphone is enlarged. External vibrations, causing a stethoscope effect, resulting in reduced overall acoustic performance and user comfort.
  • the present invention is to provide an earphone and a mobile terminal, aiming to alleviate or solve the occlusion feeling and the stethoscope effect caused by the user wearing the earphone to a certain extent, and improve the listening experience of the user.
  • the present application provides an earphone, the earphone includes an earphone body, a sound outlet tube, an earmuff, and a porous medium material.
  • the sound outlet tube extends from the earphone body to form a casing with an integrated structure.
  • the porous medium material surrounds the mouth of the sound outlet pipe.
  • the earmuff is sleeved on the outer side of the porous medium material.
  • the housing can carry multiple components of the earphone, such as speakers, drivers, and the like.
  • the earmuffs are used for fully engaging and contacting with the user's external auditory canal to prevent falling off.
  • the sound outlet tube is located in the ear canal, and outputs the sound generated by the speaker and the driver into the ear canal.
  • the porous medium material is located between the sound outlet tube and the earmuff, and is used to communicate the front cavity and the outside world, which is helpful for air flow and sound conduction, reduces the airtightness of the front cavity, and relieves the user's sense of occlusion when wearing the headset. Stethoscope effect.
  • the front cavity refers to a closed space formed between the user's outer ear, tympanic membrane and the earphone when the user wears the earphone, and the outside refers to the natural environment outside the earphone relative to the front cavity after the user wears the earphone.
  • the earmuff in combination with the first aspect of the present invention, in a feasible implementation manner, includes an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, and the outer sleeve surrounds the outer side of the inner sleeve and is located away from the earphone with the inner sleeve. One end of the body is combined, and one end close to the earphone body is separated. The porous media material is bonded to the inner side of the inner sleeve.
  • the material of the earmuffs may be elastic materials such as silica gel, rubber or sponge, so as to ensure that the jacket of the earmuffs can be fully plugged with the ear canal when worn, so as to achieve a good sound insulation effect and prevent the earphones from falling off.
  • the inner sleeve of the earmuff since one end of the inner sleeve of the earmuff is separated from the outer sleeve, and the inner sleeve and the mouth of the sound outlet tube are closely combined, the inner sleeve is not easy to bear the deformation caused by the ear canal pressing the outer sleeve, thereby The porous medium material is also not easily deformed. Therefore, the porous medium material can stably transmit air to the outside world without being affected by the tightness of the user's wearing, which not only achieves a good sound insulation effect but also ensures stable acoustic performance.
  • the porous medium material has a certain air permeability in the axial direction, and the axial air permeability is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the axial direction in embodiments of the present invention is the direction along the central axis of the mouthpiece of the sound outlet.
  • the size of the porous media material can be in various forms.
  • the axial air permeability of the porous media material is greater than or equal to 1.5m 3 /m 2 KPah, the air propagation effect is better. , the performance in terms of air permeability is relatively stable.
  • the porous medium material may be a cylindrical structure.
  • the porous medium material of the cylindrical structure is used to better fit the mouth of the sound tube, so that the air can be stably transmitted to the external environment through the porous medium material. It should be understood that the porous medium material can also be in other shapes suitable for the mouth of the sound outlet pipe, such as oval, circular, and the like.
  • the porous medium material includes a plurality of non-closed split structures, and the plurality of split structures are annularly arranged around the sound outlet, so At least one end of the plurality of split structures is located at the port of the sound outlet pipe.
  • the multiple split structures are closely surrounding the outer side of the sound outlet tube, the total axial air permeability of the multiple split structures is not less than 1.5m 3 /m 2 KPah, and the porous media material of the split structure is used. The material cost can be further reduced, while the scalability of the structural design can be improved.
  • other sound guiding devices such as micro-channels may be provided on the outside of the sound outlet tube.
  • the split structure can be arranged between the micro-channel and the micro-channel, which saves space in design and better supports the implementation of functions such as the above.
  • the porous medium material has a plurality of air bubbles.
  • the porous media material may be made of a polymer foam material
  • the polymer foam material is used to ensure the stable propagation of air flow
  • the polymer foam material It can be rubber, elastomer or other natural polymer materials, etc.
  • the polymer foam material has the characteristics of light weight, breathability, sound insulation, etc. The material itself can play a sound insulation effect while ensuring the stable air transmission, and improve the user's listening experience. .
  • the earphone further includes a micro-channel, and the micro-channel is located outside the sound outlet tube.
  • the micro-channel is combined with the inner side of the porous medium material to form a ventilation channel together.
  • the micro channel is located at the front end of the sound outlet tube.
  • some components of the earphone such as the earphone body, the sound outlet tube, the earmuff, the porous medium material and the sound outlet tube micro-channel, have the same characteristics as the components of the earphone provided by the first aspect of the present invention, and will not be omitted here.
  • the porous medium material is located outside the micro-channel, and together with the micro-channel constitutes a ventilation passage, and the micro-channel is located at the front end of the sound outlet tube.
  • This implementation method also ensures a better sound insulation effect on the premise of satisfying stable ventilation, and improves the user's listening experience.
  • the micro channel is located at the front end of the sound outlet tube.
  • the earmuff includes an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, the outer sleeve surrounds the outer side of the inner sleeve, and is combined with the inner sleeve at one end away from the earphone body, and is separated at an end close to the earphone body. .
  • the porous media material is bonded to the inner side of the inner sleeve.
  • the material of the earmuffs can be elastic materials such as silicone, rubber or sponge, so as to ensure that the outer shell of the earmuffs can be fully plugged with the ear canal when worn, so as to achieve a good sound insulation effect and prevent the earphones from falling off. Since the inner sleeve is not easily deformed according to the ear canal, the ventilation path formed by the porous medium material and the micro-channel can stably spread the air to the outside, so that the earphone is not affected by the tightness of the wearing, and always maintains a stable and consistent The amount of air transmission not only achieves good sound insulation effect but also ensures stable acoustic performance.
  • the total air permeability of the porous media material and the microchannels in the axial direction is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 Kpah.
  • the air transmission effect is better, and the air permeability is relatively stable.
  • the porous medium material is a cylindrical structure.
  • the porous medium material of the cylindrical structure is used to better fit the mouth of the sound tube, so that the air can be stably transmitted to the external environment through the porous medium material. It should be understood that the porous medium material can also be in other shapes suitable for the mouth of the sound outlet pipe, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs.
  • the porous medium material is made of a polymer foam material and has a plurality of air cells inside.
  • the porous medium material is used to ensure the stable propagation of air flow
  • the polymer foam material can be rubber, elastomer or other natural polymer materials.
  • the material itself can play a sound insulation effect while ensuring the stable transmission of the air, improving the user's listening experience.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the ventilation passage is greater than or equal to 3.5 mm 2
  • the length of the micro channel is greater than or equal to 3 mm
  • the length of the micro channel is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the air permeability is greater than or equal to 1.5m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the air transmission effect is better, and the performance in terms of air permeability is relatively stable.
  • the number of the micro-channel is at least one.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the micro-channel is arc-shaped.
  • the number of micro-channels can be determined according to actual design requirements, and the specific opening positions can have various forms on the basis of satisfying technical effects and aesthetics, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual conditions. Opening multiple microchannels can help improve the scalability of the mechanism design.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the micro-channel can also be other shapes that meet the above air propagation requirements, and those skilled in the art can choose according to the actual situation.
  • the present invention provides an earphone, which includes an earphone body, a sound outlet tube, an earmuff, and a micro-channel.
  • the sound outlet tube extends from the earphone body to form a casing with an integrated structure.
  • the earmuff is sleeved on the sound outlet tube.
  • the micro-channel is located on the outer side of the sound outlet tube, and the micro-channel and the earmuff form a ventilation passage.
  • the ventilation passage connects the front cavity and the outside world, which is helpful for air flow transmission and sound conduction, reduces the airtightness of the front cavity, and relieves the discomfort and stethoscope effect of wearing by the user.
  • opening micro-channels is easier to implement without adding materials, which is more beneficial in terms of yield and cost control.
  • the earmuff in combination with the second aspect of the present invention, in a feasible implementation manner, includes an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, the outer sleeve surrounds the outer side of the inner sleeve, and is separated from the inner sleeve at a distance from the earphone. One end of the body is combined, and one end close to the earphone body is separated. The micro-channel is combined with the inner side of the inner sleeve to form a ventilation passage together.
  • the features of the outer jacket and the inner jacket are the same as those of the outer jacket and the inner jacket provided in the first aspect, and are not repeated here. Since one end of the inner sleeve of the earmuff is separated from the outer sleeve, and the inner sleeve is tightly combined with the mouth of the sound outlet tube, the inner sleeve cannot easily bear the deformation caused by the ear canal pressing the outer sleeve, so the The ventilation channel can stably spread the air to the outside world without being affected by the tightness of the user when wearing the earphone.
  • the micro-channel of the sound outlet tube always maintains a stable and consistent amount of air transmission, which not only achieves a good sound insulation effect but also ensures stable acoustic performance.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the ventilation passage is not less than 3.5 mm 2
  • the length of the micro channel is greater than or equal to 3 mm
  • the micro channel is in the
  • the axial air permeability of the sound outlet pipe is not less than 1.5m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the air permeability of the micro-channel is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah, the air transmission effect is better, and the performance in terms of air permeability is relatively stable.
  • the number of the micro-channel is at least one.
  • the number of micro-channels can be determined according to actual design requirements, and the specific opening positions can have various forms on the basis of satisfying technical effects and aesthetics, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual conditions. Opening multiple micro-channels helps to improve the scalability of structural design.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the micro-channel is an arc shape.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the micro-channel can also be other shapes that meet the above air propagation requirements, and those skilled in the art can choose according to the actual situation.
  • the present invention provides an earphone, the earphone includes an earphone body, a sound outlet tube, an earmuff, and a ventilation module; the sound outlet tube extends from the earphone body to form an integrated structure. a shell; the ventilation module is located between the inner side of the earmuff and the mouth of the sound outlet pipe, and is used for connecting the front cavity of the sound outlet pipe with the external environment.
  • the ventilating module may have various forms.
  • the ventilating module may be the porous media material provided in the first aspect of the present invention, or a passage formed by the porous media material and the microchannel, or the ventilating module provided by the second aspect of the present invention. Microchannels, or other forms.
  • the ventilation module is used to ensure the stable propagation of the air flow, thereby improving the acoustic performance of the earphone.
  • the air permeability of the ventilation module in the axial direction of the sound outlet pipe is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the axial direction in embodiments of the present invention is the direction along the central axis of the mouthpiece of the sound outlet.
  • the ventilation module can have various forms. When the axial air permeability of the ventilation module is greater than or equal to 1.5m 3 /m 2 KPah, the air transmission effect is better, and the air permeability performance is relatively stable.
  • the ventilation module includes a plurality of non-closed sub-modules, and the sub-modules are used to communicate with the front cavity of the sound outlet pipe and the external environment.
  • the use of the above-mentioned multiple sub-modules can further reduce the material cost of the module and improve the scalability of the structural design.
  • the non-closed sub-modules can be arranged between the micro-channels and the micro-channels, which saves space in design and better supports the realization of functions such as the above.
  • the total air flow of the sub-module along the sound outlet pipe is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the plurality of sub-modules may have various forms.
  • the axial air permeability of the air permeability module is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah, the air transmission effect is better, The performance in terms of air permeability is relatively stable.
  • the present invention provides a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal includes a display screen, a processor, a communication module or an interface; the communication module or the interface is used for the earphone connection according to any one of the above implementation manners.
  • the mobile terminal may be a common communicable mobile terminal such as a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, and a smart wearable device.
  • the mobile terminal body and the headset can be connected by wireless communication, such as Bluetooth.
  • wireless communication such as Bluetooth.
  • the earphone adopts the above structure, the environment in the ear canal can be communicated with the environment outside the ear canal through the sound guide channel provided in the casing, so that the sound pressure in the ear canal can be exposed or discharged to the surrounding environment outside the earphone. Reduce the pressure in the ear canal and improve the user's listening experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of an earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an earphone provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an earphone provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an earphone provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a positional relationship diagram of an in-ear earphone and a semi-in-ear earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application and a reference point of the eardrum;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a frequency response variation curve of an in-ear earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a frequency response variation curve of a semi-in-ear earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a noise reduction architecture of a hybrid earphone of an earphone provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an earphone provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the stethoscope effect is common in wired in-ear headphones, that is, the earplug wire or unit is subjected to external collision or air friction, and the vibration generated is directly transmitted to the ear through the earplug wire (the wire in the ear generally has a higher hardness, which is conducive to conducting vibration) to the ear. Inside the road, an unpleasant rubbing sound was produced.
  • In-ear headphones also known as ear canal headphones, in-ear earplugs, or in-ear monitors (that is, the full English name of IEM: In-Ear-Monitor), are earphones used inside the human hearing organ. In some designs of in-ear headphones, the in-ear headphones close the user's ear canal when in use. On the basis of ordinary headphones, in-ear headphones are inserted into the ear canal with a rubber plug to obtain better airtightness. It reduces the interference of external noise on music, reduces sound leakage, and greatly increases the performance of the headphones.
  • Secondary path The transfer function of the secondary path (English: Second Path, SP for short) refers to the transfer function between the feedback microphone and the speaker.
  • the earphone 300 includes an earphone body 311 , a sound outlet tube 313 , an earmuff 312 and a porous medium material 314 .
  • the sound outlet tube 313 extends from the earphone body 311.
  • the sound outlet tube 313 and the earphone body 311 adopt an integrated structure.
  • the housing structure can carry multiple components of the earphone, such as speakers, drivers, and the like.
  • the housing may be made of a non-compliant or rigid material, such as plastic.
  • the housing structure may also extend out of the tube structure for containing the cables.
  • the cable includes wires extending from the powered sound source to the speaker, the wires carrying the audio signal generated by the driver.
  • the sound outlet tube 313 and the earphone body 311 can form the earphone shell 310 , and the earmuff 312 is sleeved around the outer side wall of the sound outlet tube 313 for fully engaging with the user's ear canal to prevent falling off.
  • the sound outlet tube 313 is located in the user's ear canal, and outputs the sound generated by the speaker and the driver to the user's ear canal.
  • the orifice of the sound outlet tube 313 may have a size and shape suitable for achieving the desired acoustic performance of the earphone 300, eg, oval, circular, and the like.
  • porous medium material 314 between the earmuff 312 and the sound outlet tube 313 .
  • the porous dielectric material 314 is combined with the outer sidewall surface of the sound outlet tube 313 .
  • the porous media material 314 is located at the mouth of the sound outlet tube 313 .
  • the outer surface of the porous medium material 314 is combined with the earmuff 312
  • the inner surface of the porous medium material 314 is combined with the outer sidewall surface of the sound outlet pipe 313 .
  • the porous medium material 314 can be used to connect the front cavity and the external environment, which is helpful for airflow propagation and sound conduction, thereby reducing the airtightness of the front cavity, and alleviating the occlusion feeling and stethoscope effect caused by the user wearing the earphone.
  • the front cavity mentioned above refers to the closed space formed between the user's outer ear, the eardrum and the earphone.
  • the external environment refers to the natural environment of the earphone relative to the front cavity after the user wears the earphone.
  • the earmuff 312 may be a closed annular structure, and the structure of the earmuff 312 is related to the shape of the sound outlet tube 313 .
  • the earmuffs 312 may be made of silicone, sponge, or the like.
  • the earmuff 312 includes an outer sleeve 3121 and an inner sleeve 3122, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the earphone provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2 , the outer sleeve 3121 surrounds the outer side of the inner sleeve 3122 .
  • the outer sleeve 3121 and the inner sleeve 3122 are combined with each other at one end away from the earphone body 311 , namely the right end in FIG. 2 , and separated at one end near the earphone body 311 .
  • the material of the earmuff 312 is an elastic material.
  • the earmuffs 312 may be made of elastic materials such as silicone, rubber, or sponge. The above-mentioned structure and material of the earmuff 312 can effectively ensure that when the user wears it, the outer jacket 3121 can be fully plugged with the external auditory canal, so as to achieve a good sound insulation effect and prevent the earphone from falling off.
  • the porous medium material can stably spread the air to the outside without being affected by the tightness of the user's wearing. It not only achieves good sound insulation effect but also ensures stable acoustic performance. In addition, it also ensures the user's perception of sound from the outside world, which helps reduce safety risks caused by lack of sound perception during outdoor commuting or sports.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an earphone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the outer sleeve 3121 surrounds the outer side of the inner sleeve 3122 .
  • the outer sleeve 3121 and the inner sleeve 3122 are combined with each other at one end away from the earphone body 311 , that is, the upper end of the first sub-picture in FIG. 3 , and separated at one end near the earphone body 311 .
  • the material of the earmuff 312 is an elastic material.
  • the earmuffs 312 may be elastic materials such as silicone, rubber, or sponge.
  • the above-mentioned structure and material of the earmuff 312 can effectively ensure that when the user wears it, the outer jacket 3121 can be fully plugged with the external auditory canal, so as to achieve a good sound insulation effect and prevent the earphone from falling off.
  • the inner sleeve of the earmuff since one end of the inner sleeve of the earmuff is separated from the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve cannot easily bear the deformation caused by the ear canal pressing the outer sleeve, so that the porous medium material is not easily deformed. Therefore, the porous medium material can stably spread the air to the outside without being affected by the tightness of the user's wearing. It not only achieves good sound insulation effect but also ensures stable acoustic performance. In addition, it also ensures the user's perception of sound from the outside world, which helps reduce safety risks caused by lack of sound perception during outdoor commuting or sports.
  • the porous media material 314 has a certain air permeability in the axial direction, and the air permeability is not lower than 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the size of the porous media material 314 may have various forms. It should be understood that the axial direction in the embodiment of the present invention is the direction along the central axis of the mouth of the sound outlet.
  • the shape of the porous media material 314 may also take various forms.
  • the porous media material 314 may be a cylindrical structure or other surrounding structure with irregular edges. It can be understood that the shape of the porous medium material 314 is used to better fit and fit the mouth of the sound outlet tube 313 , so that air can be stably propagated to the external environment through the porous medium material 314 .
  • the surrounding form of the porous medium material 314 can also be in various ways.
  • the porous medium material 314 can be a non-closed multiple split structure, and FIG. 4 shows another Schematic diagram of the structure of the headset. As shown in FIG. 4 , the porous medium material 314 adopts the structure design of two parts with axisymmetric structure. It can be understood that the number and shape of the parts and the size between the parts can be in various ways.
  • the porous media materials 314 of the split structure are arranged symmetrically around the sound outlet tube 313, and may also be arranged asymmetrically.
  • the porous medium material 314 of the split structure is located at the port, and the total axial air permeability of the plurality of split porous medium materials 314 is not less than 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the spacing between the separate structures of the porous media material 314 may also take various forms.
  • the splits are separated at the front end and combined into a whole at the back end.
  • the use of split-structured porous dielectric materials can further reduce material costs and improve the scalability of structural design.
  • the body structure can better support the implementation of the above function expansion.
  • the porous media material 314 is made of a polymer foam material, such as rubber, an elastomer or a natural polymer material. Porous dielectric material 314 has a plurality of air bubbles.
  • the porous media material can be used to connect the front cavity and the outside world to realize the functions of airflow transmission and sound conduction.
  • the front cavity refers to the closed space formed between the user's outer ear, the eardrum and the earphone, and the outside refers to the natural environment of the earphone relative to the front cavity after the user wears the earphone.
  • the polymer foam material has the characteristics of light weight, breathability and sound insulation. The material itself can play a sound insulation effect while ensuring the stable air transmission, and improve the user's listening experience.
  • the present invention provides another earphone structure.
  • the functions and connection manners of the components included in the earphone 300 are the same as the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, and are not repeated here.
  • the main difference between the embodiment in FIG. 5 and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the porous medium material 314 can be replaced with a sound outlet tube micro-channel 315 .
  • a micro-channel 315 is provided on the outer sidewall surface of the sound outlet tube 313 .
  • the sound outlet tube micro-channel 315 and the sound outlet tube 313 may adopt an integral structure.
  • the micro-channel 315 of the sound outlet tube and the inner side surface of the inner sleeve 3122 of the earmuff 312 constitute a ventilation passage.
  • the ventilation passage 315 is used to communicate the front cavity and the outside world, which is helpful for air flow propagation and sound conduction, reduces the airtightness of the front cavity, and relieves the discomfort of wearing by the user and the effect of a stethoscope.
  • the earmuff 312 may include an outer sleeve 3121 and an inner sleeve 3122, and the features of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are the same as those of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. .
  • the sound tube micro channel 315 is opened on the inner side of the inner sleeve 3122. Since the inner sleeve 3122 is not easy to bear the deformation caused by the ear canal extruding the outer sleeve, therefore, the air passage formed by the inner sleeve 3122 and the micro channel is formed. It is also not easily deformed, thus ensuring stable acoustic performance. In addition, opening micro-channels is easier to implement without adding additional materials, which is more beneficial in yield and cost control.
  • the earphone can include at least one microchannel 315 .
  • only one micro-channel 315 may be provided, or a plurality of micro-channels 315 may be provided.
  • the spacing, size and shape of the plurality of micro-channels 315 can be the same or different.
  • the total cross-sectional area formed by one or more micro-channels 315 is not less than 3.5 mm 2
  • the length of the micro-channels 315 is not less than 3 mm
  • the air permeability of the micro-channels is not less than 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah.
  • the air permeability of the micro-channel is greater than or equal to 1.5 m 3 /m 2 KPah, the air transmission effect is better, and the performance in terms of air permeability is relatively stable.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the one or more microchannels 315 may have various forms.
  • the cross-sectional shape may be a circular arc or a polygon, and the selection of the shape should meet the requirements of the above-mentioned air permeability and size.
  • the opening form of the micro-channel 315 may have various forms. For example, in the case of including a plurality of micro-channels, an independent through-channel structure may be adopted, or a plurality of micro-channels may be combined into a one.
  • the total cross-sectional area formed by one or more micro-channels 315 is greater than or equal to 3.5 mm 2 , and the length of the micro-channels 315 is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the present invention provides another earphone structure.
  • the characteristics and connection methods of the components included in the earphone 300 are the same as the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention. , and will not be repeated here.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiments is that the earphone 300 includes a porous medium material 314 and a sound outlet tube micro-channel 315 at the same time.
  • the porous medium material 314 is located outside the micro-channels 315, and together with the micro-channels constitutes a ventilation passage.
  • the micro-channel is located at the front end of the sound outlet tube, and the length of the micro-channel 315 may be less than 3 mm.
  • another aspect of the present invention provides a method for an earphone to detect the stability of a secondary path response.
  • the earphone 300 has the aforementioned embodiment. All the features of the described earphone 300 will not be repeated here. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , in this method, an observation point is set at the eardrum reference point 111 first, and the acoustic performance of the earphone is detected by drawing a frequency response curve of the observation point.
  • the tightness between the earphone and the ear canal is changed, and this is used as a variable to observe the change of the frequency response curve at the reference point of the eardrum.
  • the frequency response is that when an audio signal output at a constant voltage is connected to the system, the sound pressure generated by the speaker increases or decreases with the change of frequency.
  • the phenomenon that the phase changes with frequency, and the correlation between the sound pressure and the phase and the frequency is called the frequency response.
  • the frequency response curve can describe the frequency response characteristics of the earphone system.
  • Figure 8 shows the frequency response curve change diagram of the in-ear earphone proposed by the present invention, wherein each curve represents a certain degree of tightness of the in-ear earphone in the ear canal. Secondary pathway response at the tympanic membrane reference site.
  • FIG. 9 shows a change diagram of the frequency response curve of a semi-in-ear earphone. Comparing Figure 8 and Figure 9, it can be seen that in the low frequency range, that is, in the range of 1-1000Hz on the abscissa of Figure 8 and Figure 9, the frequency response of the in-ear headphones in different wearing states is significantly larger than that of the semi-in-ear headphones.
  • the frequency response of the earphones has a small variation.
  • the response of the secondary path in the low frequency range is greatly improved under the changing wearing methods.
  • the five frequency response curves shown in Figure 8 are almost in the The intervals overlap. It can be seen from the above embodiments that with the in-ear headphone structure disclosed in the present invention, the low-frequency secondary path response at the user's eardrum reference point is very little affected by the wearing method, ensuring stable low-frequency acoustic performance.
  • the earphone structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can greatly alleviate the influence of the wearing mode on the low-frequency response of the secondary path.
  • the controllable airflow leakage between the ear canal and the outside world is realized, which effectively improves the stability of the secondary path response, thereby improving the stethoscope effect, improving the noise reduction performance and sound quality experience.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an in-ear headphone system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the system architecture includes: a feedforward microphone 101 (Feedforward Mic, referred to as FF Mic), the analog-to-digital conversion module 102, the feedforward controller 104, the feedback controller 105, the speaker 108, the secondary sound field 109, the noise reduction microphone 110, and the ear canal eardrum reference point 111.
  • the system includes two modules of feedforward noise reduction and feedback noise reduction.
  • the working mode of the feed-forward noise reduction module is that the feed-forward microphone 101 picks up the external environmental noise, and after the analog-to-digital conversion module 102, transmits the digital signal of the environmental noise to the feed-forward controller 104, and passes through the feed-forward controller 104.
  • 104 generates a corresponding control signal after processing, and then converts the control signal into a sound signal through the digital-to-analog conversion module 107, and outputs the secondary sound field 109 generated by the sound signal through the speaker 108, and the sound generated by the secondary sound field 109 enters the ear.
  • the tympanic membrane reference point 111 The tympanic membrane reference point 111.
  • feedforward active noise control is that the microphone receives pure noise and does not receive the sound from the receiver, so the feedforward noise reduction module is an open-loop system that will not cause any closed-loop oscillation and howling, so Headphones using a feedforward noise reduction module can independently debug the circuit to achieve the best noise reduction effect.
  • the noise passes through the speaker 108 and is reflected multiple times in the speaker 108, and its magnitude and phase have changed. Therefore, the noise collected from the feedforward microphone 101 is very different from the noise in the speaker 108, and the external noise is very different.
  • the directionality is very strong, and it is difficult to use the same circuit to meet the noise reduction requirements of noise from different directions.
  • the feedback noise reduction module includes the mechanism of the above-mentioned feedforward noise reduction module, and further includes a feedback noise reduction microphone 110.
  • the feedback noise reduction microphone 110 (Feedback Mic, FB Mic for short) only receives the feedback microphone 110
  • the noise at the speaker 108 and the secondary sound field emitted by the speaker 108 are adjusted by the feedback controller 105 to reduce the noise.
  • the hybrid noise-cancelling headphone system cooperates with two noise-reduction modules, feedforward and feedback, and their respective functions are complemented, so that the response of the secondary sound field emitted by the feedback microphone and the response of 111 at the user's eardrum reference point satisfy a linear correlation .
  • the feedback noise reduction module is a closed-loop system. When the gain of the amplifier is increased to a certain level, the system will have unstable problems such as high-frequency whistling or low-frequency oscillation. In order to maintain the stability of the system, the residual tympanic membrane reference point 111 is linearly correlated. The frequency response of the stage sound field 109 must be as stable as possible.
  • the earphone structure proposed by the present invention can stably leak the air flow from the front cavity to the external environment, which obviously reduces the fluctuation caused by the air flow leakage, thereby effectively improving the frequency response stability of the secondary sound field.
  • the mobile terminal includes a display screen, a processor, a communication module, an interface, and the headset described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the mobile terminal may be a common communicable mobile terminal such as a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, and a smart wearable device.
  • the mobile terminal body and the headset may be connected by wireless communication, such as Bluetooth.
  • a wired communication connection is also possible through a wired interface.
  • the application scenarios of the earphones provided by the embodiments of the present invention are introduced here.
  • the dotted line represents the mechanism that is blocked by the entity.
  • Ear canal 206 The concha 202 is the fleshy part of the outer ear protruding from the side of the user's head, and the concha 204 is the part of the curved front cavity where the concha 202 leads to the ear canal 206 .
  • the earphone body stays in the concha 204 of the ear 200, the sound outlet tube 313 of the earphone and the earplug part 312 are placed in the ear canal 206 by the user's push, and the earplugs 312 are tightly plugged In the ear canal 206, the external noise is better isolated, and a quiet listening atmosphere is created for the user.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耳机及移动终端，所述耳机包括耳机本体，出音管，耳套，以及多孔介质材料。所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体，所述耳套环绕套接于所述出音管的外侧壁面，用于和用户的外耳道充分卡合，以防止脱落。所述多孔介质材料位于所述出音管与所述耳套之间，用于连通所述出音管前腔和外界环境，有助于气流传播和声音传导，缓解用户佩戴耳机时的闭塞感和听诊器效应，同时有效地提高低频降噪的效果，改善听音体验。

Description

一种耳机及移动终端
本申请要求于2020年12月01日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202011385453.2、申请名称为“一种耳机及移动终端”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电子设备领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种耳机及移动终端。
背景技术
耳机又称耳筒或听筒，是一对转换单元，它接受媒体播放器或接收器所发出的电讯号，利用贴近耳朵的扬声器将其转化成可以听到的音波。耳机一般是与媒体播放器可分离的。
对于耳机的分类，依照耳机中使用换能器的声音驱动方式，可分作动圈式(Dynamic)和静电式(Electrostatic)、压电式、动铁式、气动式、电磁式等。以佩戴方式区分可以分为耳罩式，贴耳式，入耳式，挂耳式等。入耳式耳机在普通耳机的基础上，将其耳塞的塞头伸入耳道之内，比普通耳机更接近耳鼓。有极佳的隔音能力。入耳式耳机一般包括耳机主体，耳机出音端口以及由硅胶等弹性材料制成的耳塞。
当用户将入耳式耳机塞入外耳时，用户的耳膜与耳机之间的空气会受到压缩，导致耳膜有很重的压力感，长期佩戴会有不同程度的不舒适感，而且入耳式耳机放大了外部振动，引起听诊器效应，导致降低总体声学性能和用户舒适度。
发明内容
本发明在于提供一种耳机以及移动终端，旨在一定程度上缓解或解决用户佩戴耳机所产生的闭塞感，以及听诊器效应，提升用户的听音体验。
上述效果将通过独立权利要求中的特征来达成。进一步的实现方式在从属权利要求、说明书和附图中体现。
第一方面，本申请提供一种耳机，所述耳机包括耳机本体、出音管、耳套、以及多孔介质材料。所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体。所述多孔介质材料环绕于所述出音管的管口。所述耳套套接于所述多孔介质材料的外侧。
具体地，所述壳体可以承载耳机的多个器件，比如扬声器、驱动器等。所述耳套用于和用户的外耳道充分卡合接触，防止脱落。所述出音管位于耳道内，将由扬声器、驱动器产生的声音输出至耳道中。所述多孔介质材料位于所述出音管与耳套之间，用于连通前腔和外界，有助于气流传播和声音传导，减少前腔的密闭性，缓解用户佩戴耳机时的闭塞感和听诊器效应。其中，所述前腔是指用户佩戴耳机，使得用户的外耳、 鼓膜和所述耳机之间形成的封闭空间，外界是指用户佩戴耳机之后，耳机相对于所述前腔之外的自然环境。
结合本发明的第一方面，在一种可行的实现方式中，所述耳套包括外套和内套，所述外套环绕于所述内套的外侧，并与所述内套在远离所述耳机本体的一个端部结合，在靠近所述耳机本体的一端分离。所述多孔介质材料与所述内套的内侧相结合。
所述耳套的材料可以为硅胶、橡胶或海绵等弹性材质，以保证所述耳套的外套在佩戴时能够与耳道充分塞合，实现良好的隔音效果，避免了耳机脱落。同时，由于所述耳套的内套的一端和外套分离，并且所述内套和出音管的管口紧密结合，因此内套不容易承担由耳道挤压外套所带来的形变，从而所述多孔介质材料也不容易发生形变，因此，多孔介质材料可以将空气稳定地传播到外界，且不受用户佩戴松紧程度的影响，既实现了良好的隔音效果又保证了稳定的声学性能。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料的轴向具有一定的透气量，且所述轴向透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
应理解，轴向方向在本发明的实施例中是沿出音管管口的中心轴线的方向。在满足上述轴向透气量的基础上，多孔介质材料的尺寸可以有多种形式，在所述多孔介质材料的轴向透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透气量方面的表现较为稳定。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料可以为圆筒状结构。
所述圆筒状结构的多孔介质材料用于较好的贴合出音管管口，使得空气可以稳定地通过多孔介质材料传播到外界环境。应理解，所述多孔介质材料也可以是适应于出音管管口的其他形状，例如椭圆形，圆形等。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料包括非封闭的多个分体结构，所述多个分体结构围绕所述出音口环形排列，所述多个分体结构的至少一端位于所述出音管的端口处。
所述多个分体结构紧密环绕于所述出音管的外侧，所述多个分体结构的总轴向透气量不低于1.5m 3/m 2KPah，采用分体结构的多孔介质材料可以进一步降低材料成本，同时提高了结构设计的可拓展性。在一些示例中，出音管的外侧可以开设微槽道等其他形式的导音装置。在一些示例中，分体结构可以排布于微槽道与微槽道之间，在设计上节省了空间，更好地支持诸如上述功能拓展的实现。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料具有多个气泡。
具体的，在一些实施例中，所述多孔介质材料可以由聚合物发泡材料制成，所述聚合物发泡材料用于保证气流的稳定传播，在一些实施例中，聚合物发泡材料可以为橡胶、弹性体或者其他天然高分子材料等，聚合物发泡材料具有轻质、透气、隔音等特点，材料本身可以在保证空气稳定传播的同时，起到隔音效果，提升用户听音体验。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述耳机进一步包括微槽道，所述微槽道位于出音管的外侧。所述微槽道与所述多孔介质材料的内侧结合，共同构成透气通路。所述微槽道位于所述出音管的前端。
具体的，所述耳机的部分部件，例如耳机本体、出音管、耳套、多孔介质材料以及出音管微槽道，与本发明第一方面提供的耳机的部件特征相同，在此不再赘述。区别在于，所述多孔介质材料位于微槽道的外侧，与所述微槽道共同构成透气通路，所述微槽道位于出音管的前端。该种实现方式在满足稳定透气的前提下也保证了更优益的隔音效果，提升了用户听音体验。
所述微槽道位于出音管的前端。所述耳套包括外套和内套，所述外套环绕于所述内套的外侧，并与所述内套在远离所述耳机本体的一个端部相互结合，在靠近所述耳机本体的一端分离。所述多孔介质材料与所述内套的内侧结合。
所述耳套的材料可以为硅胶、橡胶或海绵等弹性材质，以保证所述耳套的外套在佩戴时能够与耳道充分塞合，实现良好的隔音效果，同时避免了耳机脱落。由于内套不容易根据耳道发生形变，因此所述多孔介质材料与微槽道共同构成的透气路径可以将空气稳定地传播到外界，使得耳机不受佩戴松紧程度的影响，始终保持稳定一致的空气传播量，既实现了良好的隔音效果又保证了稳定的声学性能。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料与所述微槽道在轴向的总透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2Kpah。当所述多孔介质材料与所述微槽道构成的透气路径的总透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透气量方面的表现较为稳定。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料为圆筒状结构。
所述圆筒状结构的多孔介质材料用于较好的贴合出音管管口，使得空气可以稳定地通过多孔介质材料传播到外界环境。应理解，所述多孔介质材料也可以是适应于出音管管口的其他形状，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述多孔介质材料由聚合物发泡材料制成，内部具有多个气泡。
具体地，所述多孔介质材料用于保证气流的稳定传播，聚合物发泡材料可以为橡胶、弹性体或者其他天然高分子材料等，聚合物发泡材料具有轻质、透气、隔音等特 点，材料本身可以在保证空气稳定传播的同时，起到隔音效果，提升用户听音体验。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述透气通路的总截面积大于等于3.5mm 2，所述微槽道的长度大于等于3mm，且所述微槽道的透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
当所述微槽道的轴向透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透气量方面的表现较为稳定。
结合本发明的第一方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述微槽道的数量为至少一个。所述微槽道的截面形状为圆弧形。
微槽道的数量可以根据实际的设计需要来确定，具体的开设位置在满足技术效果和美观的基础上可以有多种形式，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况选择。开设多个微槽道有助于提高机构设计的可拓展性。所述微槽道的截面形状也可以是满足上述空气传播要求的其他形状，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择。
第二方面，本发明提供一种耳机，所述耳机包括耳机本体，出音管，耳套，以及微槽道。所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体。所述耳套套接于所述出音管。所述微槽道位于所述出音管的外侧，所述微槽道与所述耳套构成透气通路。
所述透气通路连通前腔和外界有助于气流传播和声音传导，减少前腔的密闭性，缓解用户佩戴的不适感和听诊器效应。同时，开设微槽道更容易实施且无需增加物料，在良品率和成本控制的表现上更加优益。
结合本发明的第二方面，在一种可行的实现方式中，所述耳套包括外套和内套，所述外套环绕于所述内套的外侧，并与所述内套在远离所述耳机本体的一个端部结合，在靠近所述耳机本体的一端分离。所述微槽道与所述内套的内侧结合，共同构成透气通路。
所述外套和内套的特征与上述第一方面提供的外套与内套的特征相同，在此不再赘述。由于所述耳套的内套的一端和外套分离，并且所述内套和出音管的管口紧密结合，因此内套不容易承担由耳道挤压外套所带来的形变，因此所述透气通路可将空气稳定的传播到外界，而不受用户在佩戴耳机时松紧程度的影响，所述出音管微槽道始终保持稳定一致的空气传播量，既实现了良好的隔音效果又保证了稳定的声学性能。
结合本发明的第二方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述透气通路的总截面积不小于3.5mm 2，所述微槽道的长度大于等于3mm，且所述微槽道在所述出音管的轴向透气量不低于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
当所述微槽道的透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透 气量方面的表现较为稳定。
结合本发明的第二方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述微槽道的数量为至少一个。
具体地，微槽道的数量可以根据实际的设计需要来确定，具体的开设位置在满足技术效果和美观的基础上可以有多种形式，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况选择。开设多个微槽道有助于提高结构设计的可拓展性。
结合本发明的第二方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述微槽道的截面形状为圆弧形。
所述微槽道的截面形状也可以是满足上述空气传播要求的其他形状，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择。
第三方面，本发明提供一种耳机，所述耳机，所述耳机包括耳机本体，出音管，耳套，以及透气模块；所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体；所述透气模块位于所述耳套的内侧和所述出音管管口之间，用于连通所述出音管的前腔和外界环境。
所述耳机的部分部件，例如耳机本体、出音管、耳套与本发明第一方面提供的耳机的部件特征相同，在此不再赘述。所述透气模块可以有多种形式，例如，所述透气模块可以为本发明第一方面提供的多孔介质材料，或者多孔介质材料与微槽道共同构成的通路，或者本发明第二方面提供的微槽道，或者其他形式。所述透气模块用于保证气流的稳定传播，进而提高了耳机声学性能。
结合本发明的第三方面，在一种可行的实现方式中，所述透气模块在沿所述出音管的轴向方向的透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。应理解，轴向方向在本发明的实施例中是沿出音管管口的中心轴线的方向。在满足上述轴向透气量的基础上，透气模块可以有多种形式，在所述透气模块的轴向透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透气量方面的表现较为稳定。
结合本发明的第三方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述透气模块包括多个非封闭的子模块，所述子模块用于连通所述出音管的前腔和外界环境。
采用上述多个子模块一方面可以进一步降低模块材料成本，同时提高了结构设计的可拓展性，在一些示例中，出音管的外侧可以开设微槽道等其他形式的导音装置。在一些示例中，采用所述非封闭的子模块可以排布于微槽道与微槽道之间，在设计上节省了空间，更好地支持诸如上述功能拓展的实现。
结合本发明的第三方面，在另一种可行的实现方式中，所述子模块在沿所述出音管方向的总透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。在满足上述轴向透气量的基础上，所述多 个子模块可以有多种形式，在所述透气模块的轴向透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透气量方面的表现较为稳定。
第四方面，本发明提供一种移动终端，所述移动终端包括显示屏、处理器、通信模块或接口；所述通信模块或所述接口用于上述任一种实现方式所述的耳机连接。
具体地，所述移动终端可以为笔记本电脑、平板电脑、手机、智能穿戴设备等常见的可通信的移动终端。所述移动终端本体与耳机之间可通过无线通信连接，如通过蓝牙。在耳机采用上述的结构时，可通过设置在壳体内的导音通道将耳道内的环境与耳道外的环境连通，使得耳道内的声压能够暴露或排出至耳机之外的周围环境。降低耳道内的压力，提高了用户的听音体验。
附图说明
为了说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1是本申请实施例提供的耳机的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的耳机的剖面示意简图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的耳机的结构示意图；
图4是本申请另一实施例提供的耳机的结构示意图；
图5是本申请另一实施例提供的耳机的结构示意图；
图6是本申请另一实施例提供的耳机的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的入耳式耳机以及半入耳式耳机与鼓膜参考点的位置关系图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的入耳式耳机的频响变化曲线示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的半入耳式耳机的频响变化曲线示意图；
图10是本发明实施例提供的耳机的混合式耳机降噪架构示意图。
图11是本发明实施例提供的耳机应用场景示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性的劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
听诊器效应：听诊器效应常见于有线的入耳式耳机，即耳塞线或者单元处受外界碰撞或者空气摩擦，产生的振动通过耳塞线直接(入耳的线一般硬度较大，有利于传导振动)传递到耳道内，产生让人很不愉快的摩擦声。
入耳式耳机：入耳式耳机，又名耳道式耳机、入耳式耳塞、或者入耳式***(即IEM的英文全称：In-Ear-Monitor)，是一种用在人体听觉器官内部的耳机。在一些入耳式耳机的设计方案中，入耳式耳机会在使用时封闭使用者的耳道。在普通耳机的基础上，入耳式耳机以胶质塞头***耳道内，获得更好的密闭性。降低了外界噪音对音乐的干扰，减少漏音，极大的增加了耳机的表现效果。
次级通路：次级通路(英文：Second Path，简称SP)的传递函数是指反馈麦克风和扬声器之间的传递函数。
本发明的一个方面提供了一种耳机结构，如图1所示，耳机300包括：耳机本体311，出音管313，耳套312以及多孔介质材料314。其中，出音管313从耳机本体311延伸，在一个示例中，出音管313和耳机本体311采用一体结构。该壳体结构可以承载耳机的多个器件，比如扬声器、驱动器等。所述壳体可由非柔顺或刚性材料制成，比如塑料。壳体结构还可以延伸出管部结构，用于包含缆线。在一个示例中，所述缆线包含从供电声源延伸至扬声器的电线，该电线传输由驱动器发生的音频信号。
出音管313和耳机本体311可以构成耳机壳体310，耳套312环绕套接于出音管313的外侧壁面，用于和用户的耳道充分卡合接触，防止脱落。在用户使用耳机时，出音管313位于用户耳道之内，将由扬声器、驱动器产生的声音输出至用户耳道。出音管313的管口可具有适用于实现耳机300的期望声学性能的尺寸和形状，例如椭圆形，圆形等。
耳套312与出音管313之间有多孔介质材料314。在一个示例中，多孔介质材料314与出音管313的外侧壁面相结合。在一个示例中，多孔介质材料314位于出音管313的管口处。在一个示例中，多孔介质材料314的外侧面与耳套312结合，多孔介质材料314的内表面与出音管313的外侧壁面结合。多孔介质材料314可以用于连通前腔和外界环境，有助于气流传播和声音传导，从而降低前腔的密闭性，缓解用户佩戴耳机所产生的闭塞感和听诊器效应。其中，上文所述的前腔是指用户的外耳、鼓膜和耳机之间形成的封闭空间。外界环境是指用户佩戴耳机之后，耳机相对于所述前腔之外的自然环境。
在本发明的一些实施例中，耳套312可以是封闭的环状结构，耳套312的结构和出音管313的形状相关。在一些示例中，耳套312可由硅胶，海绵等材料制成。耳套312包括外套3121和内套3122，图2示出了本申请实施例提供的耳机的结构示意简图。如图2所示，外套3121环绕于内套3122的外侧。外套3121与内套3122在远离耳机本体311的一个端部，即图2中的右端，相互结合，在靠近耳机本体311的一个端部分离。在一种实现方式中，耳套312的材料为弹性材质。在一些示例中，耳套312可以为硅胶、橡胶或海绵等弹性材质。以上所述耳套312的结构和材料可以有效地保证在用户佩戴时，外套3121能够与外耳道充分塞合，实现良好的隔音效果，避免了耳机 脱落。同时，由于所述耳套的内套的一端和外套分离，因此内套不容易承担由耳道挤压外套所带来的形变，从而所述多孔介质材料也不容易发生形变。因此，多孔介质材料可以将空气稳定地传播到外界而不受用户佩戴松紧程度的影响。既实现了良好的隔音效果又保证了稳定的声学性能。另外，也保证了用户对于外界的声音感知，有助于减小户外通勤或运动时，因声音感知缺失而引发的安全风险。
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的耳机的结构示意图。如图3所示，外套3121环绕于内套3122的外侧。外套3121与内套3122在远离耳机本体311的一个端部，即图3中的第一子图的上端，相互结合，在靠近耳机本体311的一个端部分离。在一种实现方式中，耳套312的材料为弹性材质。在一些示例中，耳套312可以为硅胶、橡胶或海绵等弹性材质。以上所述耳套312的结构和材料可以有效地保证在用户佩戴时，外套3121能够与外耳道充分塞合，实现良好的隔音效果，避免了耳机脱落。同时，由于所述耳套的内套的一端和外套分离，因此内套不容易承担由耳道挤压外套所带来的形变，从而所述多孔介质材料也不容易发生形变。因此，多孔介质材料可以将空气稳定地传播到外界而不受用户佩戴松紧程度的影响。既实现了良好的隔音效果又保证了稳定的声学性能。另外，也保证了用户对于外界的声音感知，有助于减小户外通勤或运动时，因声音感知缺失而引发的安全风险。
在本发明的一些实施例中，多孔介质材料314在轴向具有一定的透气量，且透气量不低于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。在满足上述透气量的基础上，多孔介质材料314的尺寸可以有多种形式。应理解的是，轴向在本发明为实施例中是沿出音管管口的中心轴线的方向。
在本发明的一些实施例中，多孔介质材料314的形状也可以有多种形式，在一些示例中，多孔介质材料314可以为圆筒状结构或者不规则边缘的其他环绕状结构。可以理解的是，多孔介质材料314的形状用于较好的适应和贴合出音管313的管口，使得空气可以稳定地通过该多孔介质材料314传播到外界环境。
在本发明的一些实施例中，多孔介质材料314的环绕形式也可以有多种方式，在一些示例中，多孔介质材料314可以是非封闭的多个分体结构，图4示出了另一种耳机的结构示意图。如图4所示，多孔介质材料314采用两个分体轴对称的结构设计，可以理解的是，分体个数和形状以及各分体之间尺寸可以有多种方式。在一些示例中，所述分体结构的多孔介质材料314围绕出音管313对称排列，也可以非对称排列。其中，分体结构的多孔介质材料314的至少一端位于端口处，并且多个分体的多孔介质材料314的轴向总透气量不低于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。在一些示例中，在满足上述轴向透气量的前提下，多孔介质材料314的分体结构之间的间距也可以有多种形式，例如，分体与分体间可以是贯通的通路，或者分体在前端分离在后端合为一个整体。采用分体结构的多孔介质材料可以进一步降低材料成本，同时提高了结构设计的可拓展性，在 一些示例中，出音管的外侧壁面可以开设微槽道等其他形式的导音装置，采用分体结构可以更好地支持上述功能拓展的实现。
在本发明的一些实施例中，多孔介质材料314采用聚合物发泡材料制成，例如橡胶，弹性体或天然高分子材料等。多孔介质材料314具有多个气泡。多孔介质材料可以用于连通前腔和外界，实现气流传播和声音传导的功能。其中，前腔是指用户的外耳、鼓膜和所述耳机之间形成的封闭空间，外界是指用户佩戴耳机之后，耳机相对于所述前腔之外的自然环境。聚合物发泡材料具有轻质、透气、隔音等特点，材料本身可以在保证空气稳定传播的同时，起到隔音效果，提升用户听音体验。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，参考图5，本发明提供了另一种耳机结构。该结构示意图中，耳机300所包括的多个部件的功能和连接方式与本发明的上述实施例相同，在此不再赘述。图5的实施例与上述实施例的区别主要在于：多孔介质材料314可以替换为出音管微槽道315。
具体地，在一个示例中，在出音管313的外侧壁面开设微槽道315。出音管微槽道315可以与出音管313采用一体结构。出音管微槽道315与耳套312的内套3122的内侧面构成透气通路。所述透气通路315用于连通前腔和外界，有助于气流传播和声音传导，减少前腔的密闭性，缓解用户佩戴的不适感和听诊器效应。
具体地，在一个示例中，所述耳套312可以包括外套3121和内套3122，所述外套和内套的特征与上述第一方面提供的外套与内套的特征相同，在此不再赘述。出音管微槽道315开设于内套3122的内侧面，由于内套3122不容易承担由耳道挤压外套所带来的形变，因此，由内套3122和微槽道共同构成的透气通路也不容易发生形变，从而保证了稳定的声学性能。另外，开设微槽道更容易实施且无需增加额外物料，在良品率和成本控制的表现上更加优益。
在一些示例中，耳机可以包括至少一个微槽道315。例如，可以只开设一个，也可以开设多个微槽道315。多个微槽道315之间的间距，尺寸和形状可以相同，也可以不同。在一些示例中，一个或多个微槽道315所组成的总截面积不小于3.5mm 2，微槽道315的长度不小于3mm，且所述微槽道的透气量不低于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。当所述微槽道的透气量大于或等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah时，空气传播效果较好，在透气量方面的表现较为稳定。
在一些实施例中，进一步地，一个或多个微槽道315的截面形状可以有多种形式。例如，截面形状可以是圆弧形或者多边形，形状的选择需满足上述透气量和尺寸的要求。
在一些示例中，微槽道315的开设形式可以有多种形式，例如，在包括多个微槽道的情况下，可以采用互相独立的贯通通道结构，也可以将多条微槽道汇合成一条。 一个或多个微槽道315所组成的总截面积大于等于3.5mm 2，微槽道315的长度大于等于3mm。
本发明的另一方面的实施例中，参考图6，本发明提供另一种耳机结构，该结构示意图中，耳机300所包括的多个部件的特点和连接方式与本发明的上述实施例相同，在此不再赘述。本实施例与上述实施例的主要区别在于：耳机300同时包括多孔介质材料314和出音管微槽道315。
具体地，在一个示例中，所述多孔介质材料314位于微槽道315的外侧，与所述微槽道共同构成透气通路。在本发明的一些实施例中，所述微槽道位于出音管的前端，微槽道315的长度可以小于3mm，上述实施例在满足稳定透气的前提下也保证了优益的隔音效果，提升了用户的听音体验。
为了更清楚地理解本发明在低频降噪领域的技术效果，本发明的另一方面提供了一种耳机检测次级通路响应的稳定性的方法，该方法中，所述耳机300具有前述实施例描述的耳机300所具备的全部特征，在此不再赘述。具体地，如图7所示，该方法先在鼓膜参考点111设置观测点，通过绘制观测点位的频响曲线，来检测耳机的声学性能。具体地，通过调整耳机在耳道内的塞入位置，使耳机与耳道间的松紧程度发生改变，以此作为变量来观测在鼓膜参考点位的频响曲线变化。
为了更好理解该检测方案，这里对频率响应进行介绍，频率响应是将一个以恒电压输出的音频信号与***相连接时，其音箱产生的声压随频率的变化而发生增大或衰减、相位随频率而发生变化的现象，这种声压和相位与频率的相关联的变化关系称为频率响应。频响曲线可以描绘耳机***的频率响应特性，图8示出了本发明提出的入耳式耳机的频响曲线变化图，其中，每条曲线代表入耳式耳机在耳道内的某种松紧程度下，鼓膜参考点位的次级通路响应。当用户佩戴耳机的方式改变时，外耳道对耳塞的载荷会随之改变，前腔对外界的空气传播量会发生变化，从而导致在耳朵鼓膜位置的次级通路响应发生扰动，该扰动会影响耳机工作时的频响稳定性。与图8同样的情况，图9示出了一种半入耳式耳机的频响曲线变化图。将图8和图9进行比较可以看出，在低频范围内，即图8和图9的横坐标1-1000Hz区间内，入耳式耳机在不同佩戴状态下的频响变化幅度明显比半入耳式耳机的频响变化幅度小，当耳机内部增加稳定的透气介质后，在不断变化的佩戴方式下，低频区间内的次级通路响应得到了大幅改善，图8示出的五条频响曲线几乎在所述区间重叠。通过上述实施例可以看出，采用本发明揭示的入耳式耳机结构，其在用户鼓膜参考点位的低频次级通路响应受佩戴方式的影响极为微小，保证了稳定的低频声学性能。
由该方法检测得到的结果可知，本申请实施例提供的耳机结构可以极大程度缓解次级通路的低频响应受到佩戴方式的影响。实现了耳道内与外界的可控气流泄露，有效提升了次级通路响应的稳定性，从而改善了听诊器效应，提升了降噪性能和音质体 验。
本发明的另一实施例提供了一种混合式降噪耳机***架构，如图9所示，图9是本申请实施例的入耳式耳机***结构框图，该***架构包括：前馈式麦克风101(Feedforward Mic，简称为FF Mic)，模数转换模组102，前馈控制器104，反馈控制器105，扬声器108，次级声场109，降噪麦克风110以及耳道鼓膜参考点111。具体地，该***了包含了前馈式降噪和反馈式降噪两种模块。
具体地，前馈式降噪模块的工作方式是前馈式麦克风101拾取外界环境噪声，经过模数转换模组102后把环境噪声的数字信号传送到前馈控制器104，经过前馈控制器104处理后产生相应的控制信号，再通过数模转换模组107将控制信号转换为声音信号，经由扬声器108输出该声音信号产生的次级声场109，次级声场109产生的声音进入到耳内的鼓膜参考点111。
前馈式有源噪声控制的优点是传声器接收的是纯噪声，并不接收接收器发出的声音，所以前馈式降噪模块是一个开环***，不会引起任何闭环振荡和啸叫，因此采用前馈式降噪模块的耳机可以独立调试电路，使得降噪效果达到最佳。但噪声经过扬声器108，并在扬声器108内多次反射，其大小和相位已发生变化，因此，从前馈式麦克风101采集到的噪声与扬声器108内的噪声有很大的不同，且外部噪声的方向性很强，难以使用同一电路满足来自不同方向的噪声的降噪要求。由于最终的用户收音终端在耳道的鼓膜参考点111，为了解决扬声器108中已发生相位和大小变化的次级声场109的干扰，引入反馈式降噪模块。具体地，反馈式降噪模块包含上述前馈式降噪模块的机构，并还包括反馈式降噪麦克风110，反馈式降噪麦克风110(Feedback Mic，简称为FB Mic)只接收反馈式麦克风110处的噪声和扬声器108发出的次级声场，通过反馈式控制器105调整误差信号，从而降低噪声。混合式降噪耳机***通过协同前馈式和反馈式两种降噪模块，其各自的功能得到互补，使得反馈式麦克风发出的次级声场响应与用户的鼓膜参考点处111的响应满足线性相关。反馈式降噪模块是闭环***，当放大器的增益加大到一定程度时，***会产生高频啸叫或低频振荡等不稳定问题，为了维持该***的稳定，满足余鼓膜参考点111线性相关，次级声场109的频率响应必须尽量稳定。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，次级声场的频响与气流泄露的波动性密切相关。本发明提出的耳机结构可以让气流从前腔稳定地泄露至外界环境，明显降低了气流泄露产生的波动性，从而有效提高了次级声场的频响稳定性。
本发明的另一方面还提供了一种移动终端。所述移动终端包括显示屏、处理器、通信模块、接口以及上述任一实施例所述的耳机。具体地，该移动终端可为笔记本电脑、平板电脑、手机、智能穿戴设备等常见的可通信的移动终端。
其中，所述移动终端本体与耳机之间可通过无线通信连接，如通过蓝牙。也可以 通过有线接口进行有线通信连接。在耳机采用上述的结构时，可通过设置在壳体内的导音通道将耳道内的环境与耳道外的环境连通，使得耳道内的声压能够暴露或排出至耳机之外的周围环境。降低耳道内的压力，提高了用户的听音体验。
根据本发明上述的实施例，在此介绍本发明实施例提供的耳机的应用场景，如图11所示，虚线代表被实体遮挡的机构，用户的耳朵200包括耳廊202、耳甲204、以及耳道206。其中，耳廊202为从用户头部的侧面突出的外耳的多肉部分，耳甲204为耳廊202导向耳道206的曲面前腔部分。本发明实施例提供的耳机在佩戴时，耳机本体停留在耳朵200的耳甲204内，耳机的出音管313连同耳塞部分312通过用户的推按置于耳道206中，耳塞312紧密塞合于耳道206，较好的隔绝外界噪音，为用户营造了安静的听音氛围。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机包括耳机本体、出音管、耳套、以及多孔介质材料；
    所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体；
    所述多孔介质材料环绕于所述出音管的管口；
    所述耳套套接于所述多孔介质材料的外侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳套包括外套和内套，所述外套环绕于所述内套的外侧，并与所述内套在远离所述耳机本体的一个端部结合，在靠近所述耳机本体的一端分离；
    所述多孔介质材料与所述内套的内侧相结合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述多孔介质材料在沿所述出音管的轴向方向的透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述多孔介质材料为圆筒状结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述多孔介质材料包括非封闭的多个分体结构，所述多个分体结构围绕所述出音口环形排列，所述多个分体结构的至少一端位于所述出音管的端口处。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述多孔介质材料具有多个气泡。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或4-6任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机进一步包括微槽道，所述微槽道位于出音管的外侧；
    所述微槽道与所述多孔介质材料的内侧结合，共同构成透气通路；
    所述微槽道位于所述出音管的前端。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述多孔介质材料与所述微槽道在沿所述出音管的轴向的总透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述微槽道的总截面积大于等于3.5mm 2，所述微槽道的长度大于等于3mm。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述微槽道的数量为至少一个，所述微槽道的截面形状为圆弧形。
  11. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括耳机本体，出音管，耳套，以及微槽道；
    所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体；
    所述耳套套接于所述出音管；
    所述微槽道位于所述出音管的外侧，所述微槽道与所述耳套构成透气通路。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳套包括外套和内套，所述外套环绕于所述内套的外侧，并与所述内套在远离所述耳机本体的一个端部结合，在靠近所述耳机本体的一端分离；
    所述微槽道与所述内套的内侧结合，共同构成透气通路。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述微槽道在所述出音管的轴向方向的透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述透气通路的总截面积大于等于3.5mm 2，所述微槽道的长度大于等于3mm。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述微槽道的数量为至少一个。
  16. 根据权利要求11-15任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述微槽道的截面形状为圆弧形。
  17. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括耳机本体，出音管，耳套，以及透气模块；所述出音管从所述耳机本体延伸，构成具有一体结构的壳体；所述透气模块位于所述耳套的内侧和所述出音管的管体之间，用于连通所述出音管的前腔和外界环境。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳套包括外套和内套，所述外套用于与用户的耳道卡合；所述内套的内侧与所述透气模块结合。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述透气模块在沿所述出音管的轴向方向的透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
  20. 根据权利要求17-19任意之一所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述透气模块包括多个子模块，所述多个子模块用于连通所述出音管的前腔和外界环境。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述多个子模块在沿所述出音管方向的总透气量大于等于1.5m 3/m 2KPah。
  22. 一种移动终端，其特征在于，所述移动终端包括显示屏、处理器、通信模块或接口；所述通信模块或所述接口用于与如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的耳机连接。
PCT/CN2021/128303 2020-12-01 2021-11-03 一种耳机及移动终端 WO2022116765A1 (zh)

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