WO2022073450A1 - 直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质 - Google Patents

直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022073450A1
WO2022073450A1 PCT/CN2021/121650 CN2021121650W WO2022073450A1 WO 2022073450 A1 WO2022073450 A1 WO 2022073450A1 CN 2021121650 W CN2021121650 W CN 2021121650W WO 2022073450 A1 WO2022073450 A1 WO 2022073450A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load resistor
resistor
precharge
switch
converter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/121650
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周明旺
杨雪静
陈淑江
张庚楠
胡一坡
Original Assignee
长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长城汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority to US18/009,363 priority Critical patent/US20230219436A1/en
Priority to EP21876968.5A priority patent/EP4160894A4/en
Publication of WO2022073450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022073450A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of vehicle control, and in particular, to a DC converter, a control method, a vehicle, an apparatus, a program and a medium.
  • the DC converter starts to precharge the DC circuit according to the current of a fixed size after receiving the precharge command sent by the VCU (English: Vehicle Control Unit, Chinese: Vehicle Controller).
  • the control is not flexible enough, which affects the precharge efficiency of the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • the first objective of the present disclosure is to propose a DC converter to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the control of the DC converter is not flexible enough.
  • the second objective of the present disclosure is to provide a control method of a DC converter.
  • a third object of the present disclosure is to propose a vehicle.
  • a fourth object of the present disclosure is to propose a computing processing device.
  • a fifth object of the present disclosure is to propose a computer program.
  • a sixth object of the present disclosure is to propose a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the DC converter includes: a first inductor, a switch unit, a diode, a first capacitor, a load resistor, a precharge control unit, and a controller ;
  • the first end of the first inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the diode
  • the second end of the first inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the low-voltage power supply
  • the first end of the switching unit is connected to the negative electrode of the low-voltage power supply
  • the second end of the switch unit is connected to the first end of the first inductor
  • the cathode of the diode is connected to the first end of the precharge control unit
  • the second end of the precharge control unit is connected to the the first end of the load resistor is connected
  • the second end of the load resistor is connected to the first end of the switch unit
  • the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the load resistor
  • the first end of the load resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply through the main relay, the second end of the load resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply, and the control end of the switch unit is connected to the output end of the controller connection, the control end of the precharge control unit is connected with the output end of the controller;
  • the controller is used to control the switch unit to be turned on or off;
  • the controller is configured to control the resistance connected between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor in the precharge control unit when the switch unit is turned off, so that the low voltage
  • the power supply precharges the DC converter.
  • the precharge control unit includes: a first precharge branch and a second precharge branch, the first precharge branch includes a first resistor and a first switch, the first precharge branch Two pre-charging branches include a second resistor and a second switch, the first resistor is greater than the second resistor;
  • the first end of the first resistor serves as the first end of the precharge control unit, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first switch, and the second end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the first switch.
  • the terminal is used as the second terminal of the precharge control unit, the first terminal of the second resistor is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the second terminal of the second switch.
  • the first end is connected, the second end of the second switch is connected with the second end of the first switch, and the control end of the first switch is used as the first control end of the precharge control unit and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller, and the control end of the second switch is connected to the output end of the controller as the second control end of the precharge control unit;
  • the controller is configured to control the first switch to close and control the second switch to open when the switch unit is turned off and a precharge instruction is not received;
  • the controller is further configured to control the first switch to be turned off and control the second switch to be turned on when the switch unit is turned off and the precharge instruction is received.
  • the controller is further configured to not receive the precharge command and the voltage between the first end of the load resistor and the second end of the load resistor is greater than or equal to In the case of the first threshold, the precharge control unit is controlled to disconnect between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor.
  • the controller is further configured to receive the precharge command, and the voltage between the first end of the load resistor and the second end of the load resistor is greater than or equal to the first In the case of two thresholds, the precharge control unit is controlled to disconnect the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a DC converter.
  • the low-voltage power supply precharges the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure can flexibly control the current for precharging the DC converter, thereby improving the precharging efficiency of the DC converter.
  • an embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure proposes a control method for a DC converter.
  • the method is applied to the DC converter described in any one of the first aspect of the present disclosure, and the DC converter includes: : a first inductor, a switch unit, a diode, a first capacitor, a load resistor, a precharge control unit and a controller; the method includes:
  • the precharge control unit controlling the precharge control unit to connect a first resistor between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor, so that the low-voltage power supply precharges the DC converter according to the first current;
  • the precharge control unit is controlled to connect a second resistor between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor, so that the low-voltage power supply
  • the DC converter is precharged according to a second current, and the first resistance is greater than the second resistance.
  • the method before the controlling the precharge control unit to connect a first resistor between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor, the method further includes:
  • the controlling the precharge control unit to connect a first resistor between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor including:
  • the precharge control unit is controlled to connect the first resistor between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor.
  • the method further includes:
  • the precharge control unit is controlled to disconnect the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor.
  • the method further includes:
  • the precharge control unit is controlled to disconnect the cathode of the diode and the first end of the load resistor.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a control method for a DC converter.
  • the low-voltage power supply can be used to control the DC converter.
  • Precharge By controlling the resistance connected between the diode and the load resistor, the present disclosure can flexibly control the current for precharging the DC converter, thereby improving the precharging efficiency of the DC converter.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides a vehicle, including: the vehicle is provided with a low-voltage power supply, a high-voltage power supply, and the DC converter described in any one of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computing processing device, including:
  • One or more processors when the computer readable code is executed by the one or more processors, the computing and processing device executes the control method of the DC converter provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer program, including computer-readable codes, when the computer-readable codes are executed on a computing and processing device, causing the computing and processing device to execute the first step of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which the computer program proposed by the embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present disclosure is stored.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the precharge control unit shown according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the precharge time shown according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating another control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing another control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing another control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 9 provides a schematic structural diagram of a computing processing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 provides a schematic diagram of a storage unit for portable or fixed program code implementing the method according to the present disclosure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the application scenarios involved in the various embodiments of the present disclosure are firstly introduced, and the application scenario may be a DC converter set on a vehicle , namely DC/DC (English: Direct Current to Direct Current) converter, in addition, the vehicle can also be provided with a low-voltage power supply and a high-voltage power supply. Among them, the vehicle can be any kind of micro-hybrid vehicle equipped with a 48V power battery as an energy source.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the DC converter 100 includes: a first inductor L1, a switch unit Q1, a diode D1, a first capacitor C1, and a load resistor R0 , the precharge control unit 101 and the controller 102 .
  • the first end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1
  • the second end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the low-voltage power supply U1
  • the first end of the switching unit Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the low-voltage power supply U1
  • the The second end is connected to the first end of the first inductor L1
  • the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the precharge control unit 101
  • the second end of the precharge control unit 101 is connected to the first end of the load resistor R0
  • the load The second end of the resistor R0 is connected to the first end of the switch unit Q1
  • the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the load resistor R0.
  • the first end of the load resistor R0 is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply U2 through the main relay J, the second end of the load resistor R0 is connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply U2, and the control end of the switching unit Q1 is connected to the output end of the controller 102.
  • the control terminal of the charging control unit 101 is connected to the output terminal of the controller 102 .
  • the controller 102 is used to control the switching unit Q1 to be turned on or off.
  • the controller 102 is used to control the resistance between the negative electrode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0 in the precharge control unit 101 when the switch unit Q1 is turned off, so that the low-voltage power supply U1 is connected to the DC converter. 100 for pre-charging.
  • initialization may be performed first, and the initialization may be, for example, initialization of various components (such as resistors, capacitors, etc.) inside the DC converter 100 itself.
  • the controller 102 controls the switch unit Q1 to close, and the loop formed by the low-voltage power supply U1 and the first inductor L1 is turned on, and the low-voltage power supply U1 supplies power to the first inductor L1 so that the first inductor L1 stores energy.
  • the controller 102 may further control the switch unit Q1 to be turned off, and control the resistance between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0 in the precharge control unit 101, so as to The low-voltage power supply U1 and the first inductor L1 are used to precharge the DC converter 100 .
  • the switch unit Q1 may be a switch tube, such as a triode, CMOS (English: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Chinese: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), PMOS (English: Positive channel-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Chinese: P-channel) Channel metal oxide semiconductor), NMOS (English: Negative channel-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Chinese: N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) and so on.
  • CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • PMOS English: Positive channel-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Chinese: P-channel
  • NMOS English: Negative channel-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Chinese: N-channel metal oxide semiconductor
  • the precharge control unit 101 may have multiple precharge branches, each precharge branch includes a resistor and a switch, and the resistance values of the resistors included in each precharge branch are different. In this way, the controller 102 can close switches on different precharge branches according to different conditions, so that the resistance on the precharge branch is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so as to achieve the control of low voltage The purpose of the current that the power supply U1 pre-charges the DC converter 100 .
  • a resistor with a larger resistance value can be connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so that the low-voltage power supply U1 is based on the smaller value.
  • the current of the first pre-charges the DC converter 100.
  • a resistor with a smaller resistance is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so that the low-voltage power supply U1 converts the DC first according to the larger current.
  • the device 100 is precharged.
  • the resistance between the cathode of the access diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0 can also be controlled according to the magnitude of the voltage across the two ends of the first capacitor C1.
  • the high-voltage power supply is a 48V battery
  • the low-voltage power supply is a 12V battery.
  • the controller 102 After the DC converter 100 receives the wake-up signal, the controller 102 first controls the switch unit Q1 to close, at this time the loop formed by the low-voltage power supply U1 and the first inductor L1 is turned on, and the low-voltage power supply U1 supplies power to the first inductor L1, so that the first inductor L1 is powered on.
  • An inductor L1 stores energy.
  • the controller 102 controls the switching unit Q1 to be turned off, and then a resistor with a first resistance value (for example, 10 ⁇ ) can be controlled to be connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, So that the low-voltage power supply U1 pre-charges the DC converter 100 with a current of 100 mA. Further, when the voltage across the first capacitor C1 reaches 12V, the controller 102 can control the second resistance value (the second resistance value is smaller than the first resistance value) to be connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and the first resistance of the load resistor R0. between one end, so that the low-voltage power supply U1 precharges the DC converter 100 according to the current of 2A, until the voltage of the two ends of the first capacitor C1 reaches 48V.
  • a resistor with a first resistance value for example, 10 ⁇
  • the DC converter in the present disclosure controls the resistance between the cathode of the access diode and the first end of the load resistor in the precharge control unit, so that the low-voltage power supply precharges the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure can flexibly control the current for precharging the DC converter, thereby improving the precharging efficiency of the DC converter.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a precharge control unit according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the precharge control unit 101 includes: a first precharge branch and a second precharge branch.
  • the first precharge branch includes a first resistor R1 and a first switch K1
  • the second precharging branch includes a second resistor R2 and a second switch K2, and the first resistor R1 is greater than the second resistor R2.
  • the first end of the first resistor R1 serves as the first end of the precharge control unit 101
  • the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the first switch K1
  • the second end of the first switch K1 serves as the precharge control unit
  • the second end of the unit 101, the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the second switch K2, and the second end of the second switch K2
  • the second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first switch K1
  • the control terminal of the first switch K1 is connected to the output terminal of the controller 102 as the first control terminal of the pre-charging control unit 101
  • the control terminal of the second switch K2 is used as the pre-charging terminal.
  • the second control terminal of the charging control unit 101 is connected to the output terminal of the controller 102 .
  • the controller 102 is configured to control the first switch K1 to be closed, and control the second switch K2 to be open, when the switch unit Q1 is turned off and the precharging instruction is not received.
  • the controller 102 is further configured to control the first switch K1 to be turned off and the second switch K2 to be turned on when the switch unit Q1 is turned off and a precharge command is received.
  • the precharge control unit 101 is composed of a first precharge branch and a second precharge branch, wherein the first precharge branch includes a first resistor R1 and a first switch K1, and the second precharge branch includes a first precharge branch.
  • the first resistor R1 is larger than the second resistor R2. That is to say, when the first switch K1 is closed, the first resistor R1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • the second switch K2 is closed, the cathode of the diode D1 and the load resistor R0 are connected between the cathode.
  • a second resistor R2 is connected between the first ends.
  • the controller 102 controls the switch unit Q1 to turn off, and controls the first switch K1 of the first precharging branch to turn on, and the second switch K2 of the second precharging branch to turn off On, the first resistor R1 is connected to the circuit, and the low-voltage power supply U1 precharges the DC converter 100 according to the first current. Since the resistance value of the first resistor is greater than that of the second resistor R2 , this time can be understood as a low-current precharging stage of the DC converter 100 . When all other components in the vehicle except the DC converter 100 are initialized, the VCU will send a precharge command to the DC converter 100 .
  • the controller 102 controls the first switch K1 to be turned off and the second switch K2 to be turned on, the second resistor R2 is connected to the circuit, and the low-voltage power supply U1 charges the DC current according to the second current.
  • the converter 100 is precharged, and the second current is greater than the first current, which can be understood as a normal precharge stage of the DC converter 100 .
  • the magnitude of the first current may be 100mA, and the magnitude of the second current may be 2A.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the precharge time according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • t1 is the time when the DC converter 100 completes initialization and starts precharging according to a small current
  • t2 is the time when the DC converter 100 receives The time until the precharge command starts to be precharged according to the normal current
  • t3 is the completion time of the DC converter 100 precharging according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2
  • t4 is the DC converter 100 does not precharge before receiving the precharge command.
  • t1-t2 are the low-current precharging stages of the DC converter 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2
  • t2-t3 are the normal precharging stages of the DC converter 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2
  • t2-t4 are the DC converters 100 normal precharge time period.
  • t1-t2 may be 300ms
  • t2-t3 may be 100ms
  • t2-t4 may be 140ms. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that, according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the DC converter 100 can significantly shorten the precharging time by precharging with a small current in advance before receiving the precharging command.
  • the controller 102 is further configured to not receive a precharge command and the voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0 is greater than or equal to the first threshold value , the precharge control unit 101 is controlled to disconnect between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • the DC converter 100 when the first switch K1 in the first precharging branch is closed and the second switch K2 in the second precharging branch is open, the DC converter 100 is precharged with the first current.
  • the precharge command has not been received, if the DC converter 100 detects that the first voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0 is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the controller 102 can control the first switch K1 in the first precharge branch to be disconnected, and disconnect the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so as to stop precharging with the first current and wait for the VCU to send the precharge. instruction.
  • the first threshold may be 12V.
  • the controller 102 is further configured to receive a precharge command and the voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0 is greater than or equal to the second threshold value , the precharge control unit 101 is controlled to disconnect between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • the DC converter 100 is precharged with the second current.
  • a precharge command is received, if the DC converter 100 detects that the second voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0 is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the controller 102
  • the second switch K2 in the second precharging circuit can be controlled to be disconnected, and the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0 can be disconnected, so as to stop precharging with normal current, and the precharging process of the DC converter 100 Finish.
  • the second threshold may be, for example, 43.5V.
  • the DC converter in the present disclosure controls the resistance between the cathode of the access diode and the first end of the load resistor in the precharge control unit, so that the low-voltage power supply precharges the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure can flexibly control the current for precharging the DC converter, thereby improving the precharging efficiency of the DC converter.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment. The method is applied to the DC converter 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the DC converter 100 includes: a first inductor L1 , a switch The unit Q1, the diode D1, the first capacitor C1, the load resistor R0, the precharge control unit 101 and the controller 102, as shown in FIG. 4, the method includes:
  • Step 101 Receive a wake-up signal sent by the VCU of the vehicle.
  • Step 102 Control the precharge control unit 101 to connect a first resistor R1 between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so that the low-voltage power supply U1 precharges the DC converter 100 according to the first current.
  • Step 103 in the case of receiving the precharge command issued by the VCU, the precharge control unit 101 is controlled to connect the second resistor R2 between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so that the low-voltage power supply U1 is in accordance with the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • Two currents precharge the DC converter 100, and the first resistor R1 is greater than the second resistor R2.
  • the controller 102 of the controller 102 can first control the switch unit Q1 to close, and the loop formed by the low-voltage power supply U1 and the first inductor L1 is turned on, and the low-voltage power supply U1 supplies power to the first inductor L1 so that the first inductor L1 stores energy.
  • the controller 102 may further control the switching unit Q1 to be turned off, and control the precharge control unit 101 to connect a first resistor between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so that The low-voltage power supply U1 precharges the DC converter 100 according to the first current. Since the resistance value of the first resistor R1 is greater than that of the second resistor R2 , this time can be understood as a low-current precharging stage of the DC converter 100 . When all other components in the vehicle except the DC converter 100 have completed their initialization, the VCU will send a precharge command to the DC converter 100 .
  • the controller 102 controls the precharge control unit 101 to connect a second resistor between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, and the low-voltage power supply U1 follows the second resistor.
  • the current precharges the DC converter 100 , and the second current is greater than the first current, which can be understood as a normal precharging stage of the DC converter 100 .
  • the magnitude of the first current may be 100mA, and the magnitude of the second current may be 2A.
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing another control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Fig. 5, before step 102, the method may further include:
  • Step 104 detecting the state of the DC converter 100 .
  • step 102 may be:
  • the precharge control unit 101 controls the first resistor R1 to be connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • the DC converter 100 receives a wake-up signal sent by the VCU, and then performs initialization (ie, detects the state of the DC converter 100 ). Because the initialization time of the DC converter 100 is shorter than the initialization time of other components in the vehicle (such as the battery management system, motor controller, relay, etc.), after the DC converter 100 is initialized, the DC converter When the state of 100 is normal, the controller 102 in the DC converter 100 can first control the switching unit Q1 to close, at this time the loop formed by the low-voltage power supply U1 and the first inductor L1 is turned on, and the low-voltage power supply U1 supplies the first inductor L1 Power is supplied so that the first inductor L1 stores energy.
  • initialization time of the DC converter 100 is shorter than the initialization time of other components in the vehicle (such as the battery management system, motor controller, relay, etc.)
  • the controller 102 in the DC converter 100 can first control the switching unit Q1 to close, at this time the loop formed by the low-voltage power supply
  • the controller 102 may further control the switching unit Q1 to be turned off, and control the precharge control unit 101 to connect a first resistor between the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, so that The low-voltage power supply U1 precharges the DC converter 100 according to the first current. Since the resistance value of the first resistor R1 is greater than that of the second resistor R2 , this time can be understood as a low-current precharging stage of the DC converter 100 . Wherein, the magnitude of the first current may be 100 mA.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing another control method of a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Fig. 6 , the method further includes:
  • Step 105 before receiving the precharge command, detect the first voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0.
  • Step 106 if the first voltage is greater than or equal to the first threshold, control the precharge control unit 101 to disconnect the cathode of the diode D1 from the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • the DC converter 100 is precharged with the first current.
  • the DC converter 100 detects the first voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0, if there is a voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0.
  • the first voltage is greater than or equal to the first threshold, then the controller 102 can control the first switch K1 in the first precharge branch to be disconnected, and disconnect the cathode of the diode D1 from the first end of the load resistor R0, thereby Stop precharging with the first current and wait for the VCU to send a precharging command.
  • the first threshold may be 12V.
  • Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing another method for controlling a DC converter according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Fig. 7 , when the precharge control unit 101 controls the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0 After connecting the second resistor R2, the method further includes:
  • Step 107 Detect the second voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0.
  • Step 108 if the second voltage is greater than or equal to the second threshold, control the precharge control unit 101 to disconnect the cathode of the diode D1 from the first end of the load resistor R0.
  • the DC converter 100 is precharged with the second current.
  • the DC converter 100 detects the second voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0, if there is a voltage between the first end of the load resistor R0 and the second end of the load resistor R0.
  • the second voltage is greater than or equal to the second threshold, then the controller 102 controls the second switch K2 in the second pre-charging circuit to be disconnected, disconnecting the cathode of the diode D1 and the first end of the load resistor R0, thereby stopping the use of
  • the normal current is precharged, and the precharging process of the DC converter 100 ends.
  • the second threshold may be, for example, 43.5V.
  • the DC converter in the present disclosure controls the resistance between the cathode of the access diode and the first end of the load resistor in the precharge control unit, so that the low-voltage power supply precharges the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure can flexibly control the current for precharging the DC converter, thereby improving the precharging efficiency of the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a vehicle.
  • the vehicle 200 is provided with a low-voltage power supply U1 , a high-voltage power supply U2 and any one of the DC converters 100 shown in the above embodiments.
  • the DC converter in the present disclosure controls the resistance between the cathode of the access diode and the first end of the load resistor in the precharge control unit, so that the low-voltage power supply precharges the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure can flexibly control the current for precharging the DC converter, thereby improving the precharging efficiency of the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a computing processing device, including:
  • One or more processors when the computer readable code is executed by the one or more processors, the computing processing device executes the aforementioned control method of the DC converter.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a computer program, including computer-readable codes, which, when the computer-readable codes are run on a computing and processing device, cause the computing and processing device to perform the aforementioned DC converter's operation. Control Method.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a computer-readable storage medium in which the aforementioned computer program is stored.
  • FIG. 9 provides a schematic structural diagram of a computing processing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the computing processing device typically includes a processor 310 and a computer program product or computer readable medium in the form of a memory 330 .
  • the memory 330 may be electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM.
  • the memory 330 has storage space 350 for program code 351 for performing any of the method steps in the above-described methods.
  • storage space 350 for program code may include individual program codes 351 for implementing various steps in the above methods, respectively. These program codes can be read from or written to one or more computer program products.
  • These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, compact disks (CDs), memory cards or floppy disks. Such computer program products are typically portable or fixed storage units as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the storage unit may have storage segments, storage spaces, etc. arranged similarly to the storage 330 in the server of FIG. 9 .
  • the program code may, for example, be compressed in a suitable form.
  • the storage unit includes computer readable code 351', i.e. code readable by a processor such as 310 for example, which when executed by a server, causes the server to perform the various steps in the methods described above.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with “first”, “second” may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.
  • plurality means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless expressly and specifically defined otherwise.
  • a "computer-readable medium” can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or apparatus.
  • computer readable media include the following: electrical connections with one or more wiring (electronic devices), portable computer disk cartridges (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Editable Read Only Memory (EPROM or Flash Memory), Fiber Optic Devices, and Portable Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CDROM).
  • the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program may be printed, as the paper or other medium may be optically scanned, for example, followed by editing, interpretation, or other suitable medium as necessary process to obtain the program electronically and then store it in computer memory.
  • portions of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following techniques known in the art, or a combination thereof: discrete with logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals Logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, Programmable Gate Arrays (PGA), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), etc.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, and can also be implemented in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.

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Abstract

本公开提出一种直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质，其中，该直流变换器包括：第一电感、开关单元、二极管、第一电容、负载电阻、预充控制单元和控制器。控制器的输出端与开关单元的控制端和预充控制单元的控制端连接，控制器用于控制开关单元导通或断开，以及在开关单元断开的情况下，控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。

Description

直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求在2020年10月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011080080.8、名称为“直流变换器、直流变换器的控制方法和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆控制领域，尤其涉及一种直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质。
背景技术
随着社会的高速发展，汽车的保有量不断升高，而使用传统能源的汽车由于燃烧石油燃料产生尾气，会对环境造成污染，同时传统能源不可再生的问题也越来越严重，因此大力发展新能源已经成为了必然趋势，使用环保新能源的电动汽车已经成为了汽车技术发展的大趋势。电动汽车相比于传统汽车，增加了上电下电的过程。电动汽车在上电过程中，需要直流变换器通过反向预充功能，将低压电源逆变为高压，从而完成直流回路的预充，以避免高压电源接入后导致直流回路上的元器件损坏。通常情况下，直流变换器是在接收到VCU(英文：Vehicle Control Unit，中文：整车控制器)发送的预充指令之后，开始按照固定大小的电流对直流回路进行预充，对直流变换器的控制不够灵活，影响了直流变换器的预充效率。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本公开的第一个目的在于提出一种直流变换器，以解决现有技术中存在的，对直流变换器的控制不够灵活的技术问题。
本公开的第二个目的在于提出一种直流变换器的控制方法。
本公开的第三个目的在于提出一种车辆。
本公开的第四个目的在于提出一种计算处理设备。
本公开的第五个目的在于提出一种计算机程序。
本公开的第六个目的在于提出一种计算机可读存储介质。
为达上述目的，本公开第一方面实施例提出了一种直流变换器，所述直流变换器包括：第一电感、开关单元、二极管、第一电容、负载电阻、预充控制单元和控制器；
所述第一电感的第一端与所述二极管的正极连接，所述第一电感的第二端与低压电源的正极连接，所述开关单元的第一端与所述低压电源的负极连接，所述开关单元的第二端与所述第一电感的第一端连接，所述二极管的负极与所述预充控制单元的第一端连接，所述预充控制单元的第二端与所述负载电阻的第一端连接，所述负载电阻的第二端与所述开关单元的第一端连接，所述第一电容与所述负载电阻并联；
所述负载电阻的第一端通过主继电器与高压电源的正极连接，所述负载电阻的第二端与所述高压电源的负极连接，所述开关单元的控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接，所述预充控制单元的控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接；
所述控制器用于控制所述开关单元导通或断开；
所述控制器用于在所述开关单元断开的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元中接入所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使所述低压电源对所述直流变换器进行预充。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述预充控制单元包括：第一预充支路和第二预充支路，所述第一预充支路包括第一电阻和第一开关，所述第二预充支路包括第二电阻和第二开关，所述第一电阻大于所述第二电阻；
所述第一电阻的第一端作为所述预充控制单元的第一端，所述第一电阻的第二端与所述第一开关的第一端连接，所述第一开关的第二端作为所述预充控制单元的第二端，所述第二电阻的第一端与所述第一电阻的第一端连接，所述第二电阻的第二端与所述第二开关的第一端连接，所述第二开关的第二端与所述第一开关的第二端连接，所述第一开关的控制端作为所述预充控制单元的第一控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接，所述第二开关的控制端作为所述预充控制单元的第二控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接；
所述控制器用于在所述开关单元断开，且未接收到预充指令的情况下，控制所述第一开关闭合，并控制所述第二开关断开；
所述控制器还用于在所述开关单元断开，且接收到所述预充指令的情况下，控制所述第一开关断开，并控制所述第二开关闭合。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述控制器还用于在未接收到所述预充指令，且所述负 载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的电压大于或等于第一阈值的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述控制器还用于在接收到所述预充指令，且所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的电压大于或等于第二阈值的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
本公开第一方面实施例提出了一种直流变换器，通过控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。
为达上述目的，本公开第二方面实施例提出了一种直流变换器的控制方法，所述方法应用于本公开第一方面中任一项所述的直流变换器，所述直流变换器包括：第一电感、开关单元、二极管、第一电容、负载电阻、预充控制单元和控制器；所述方法包括：
接收车辆的整车控制器VCU发出的唤醒信号；
控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第一电阻，以使所述低压电源按照第一电流对所述直流变换器进行预充；
在接收到所述VCU发出的预充指令的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第二电阻，以使所述低压电源按照第二电流对所述直流变换器进行预充，所述第一电阻大于所述第二电阻。
根据本公开的一个实施例，在所述控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第一电阻之前，所述方法还包括：
检测所述直流变换器的状态；
所述控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第一电阻，包括：
在所述直流变换器的状态为正常的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入所述第一电阻。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：
在接收到所述预充指令之前，检测所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的第一电压；
若所述第一电压大于或等于第一阈值，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极 和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
根据本公开的一个实施例，在所述控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第二电阻之后，所述方法还包括：
检测所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的第二电压；
若所述第二电压大于或等于第二阈值，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
本公开第二方面实施例提出了一种直流变换器的控制方法，通过控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。
为达上述目的，本公开第三方面实施例提出了一种车辆，包括：所述车辆上设置有低压电源、高压电源和本公开第一方面实施例中任一项所述的直流变换器。
为达上述目的，本公开第四方面实施例提出了一种计算处理设备，包括：
存储器，其中存储有计算机可读代码；以及
一个或多个处理器，当所述计算机可读代码被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，所述计算处理设备执行本公开第二方面实施例所提出的直流变换器的控制方法。
为达上述目的，本公开第五方面实施例提出了一种计算机程序，包括计算机可读代码，当所述计算机可读代码在计算处理设备上运行时，导致所述计算处理设备执行本公开第二方面实施例所提出的直流变换器的控制方法。
为达上述目的，本公开第六方面实施例提出了一种计算机可读存储介质，其中存储了本公开第五方面实施例所提出的计算机程序。
本公开附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种直流变换器的示意图；
图2是根据图1所示实施例示出的预充控制单元的电路图；
图3是根据图2所示实施例示出的预充时间的示意图；
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图；
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图；
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图；
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图；
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种车辆的框图；
图9为本公开实施例提供了一种计算处理设备的结构示意图；
图10为本公开实施例提供了一种用于便携式或者固定实现根据本发明的方法的程序代码的存储单元的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
下面参考附图描述本公开实施例的直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质。
在介绍本公开提供的直流变换器、控制方法、车辆、设备、程序和介质之前，首先对本公开中各个实施例所涉及的应用场景进行介绍，该应用场景可以为设置在车辆上的直流变换器，即DC/DC(英文：Direct Current to Direct Current)变换器，此外车辆上还可以设置有低压电源和高压电源。其中，车辆可以是任意一种配备48V动力电池作为能源的微混车辆。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种直流变换器的示意图，如图1所示，直流变换器100包括：第一电感L1、开关单元Q1、二极管D1、第一电容C1、负载电阻R0、预充控制单元101和控制器102。
第一电感L1的第一端与二极管D1的正极连接，第一电感L1的第二端与低压电源U1的正极连接，开关单元Q1的第一端与低压电源U1的负极连接，开关单元Q1的第二端与第一电感L1的第一端连接，二极管D1的负极与预充控制单元101的第一端连接，预充控制单元101的第二端与负载电阻R0的第一端连接，负载电阻R0的第二端与开关单元Q1的第一端连接，第一电容C1与负载电阻R0并联。
负载电阻R0的第一端通过主继电器J与高压电源U2的正极连接，负载电阻R0的 第二端与高压电源U2的负极连接，开关单元Q1的控制端与控制器102的输出端连接，预充控制单元101的控制端与控制器102的输出端连接。
控制器102用于控制开关单元Q1导通或断开。
控制器102用于在开关单元Q1断开的情况下，控制预充控制单元101中接入二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源U1对直流变换器100进行预充。
举例来说，当驾驶员转动车辆的点火开关，将电源模式转换至KL15ON档，即控制车辆启动，此时车辆的KBCM(英文：Key-Body Control Module)发出唤醒信号，直流变换器100接收到唤醒信号之后，可以先进行初始化，初始化例如可以是对直流变换器100自身内部各个元件(如电阻、电容等)的初始化。因为直流变换器100初始化所要消耗的时间，比车辆中其他零部件(如电池管理***、电机控制器、继电器等)初始化所用的时间要短，因此，直流变换器100可以在初始化完成之后，通过控制器102控制开关单元Q1闭合，此时低压电源U1与第一电感L1形成的回路导通，低压电源U1给第一电感L1供电，以使第一电感L1储存能量。在第一电感L1达到稳态之后，控制器102可以进一步控制开关单元Q1断开，并控制预充控制单元101中接入二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源U1和第一电感L1对直流变换器100进行预充。其中，开关单元Q1可以是开关管，例如可以是三极管、CMOS(英文：Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor，中文：互补金属氧化物半导体)、PMOS(英文：Positive channel-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor，中文：P沟道金属氧化物半导体)、NMOS(英文：Negative channel-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor，中文：N沟道金属氧化物半导体)等。
其中，预充控制单元101中可以有多个预充支路，每个预充支路包括一个电阻和一个开关，每个预充支路中包括的电阻的阻值各不相同。这样，控制器102可以根据不同的情况，闭合不同预充支路上的开关，以使该预充支路上的电阻接入二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间，从而达到控制低压电源U1对直流变换器100进行预充的电流的目的。
在一种实现方式中，可以在接收到VCU发出的预充指令之前，在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入一个阻值较大的电阻，使得低压电源U1按照较小的电流先对直流变换器100进行预充。之后，在接收到VCU发出的预充指令之后，在二极管 D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入一个阻值较小的电阻，使得低压电源U1按照较大的电流先对直流变换器100进行预充。
在另一种实现方式中，还可以根据第一电容C1的两端的电压的大小，来控制接入二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间的电阻。以48V BSG(英文：Belt-driven Starter Generator)***的上电过程为例，其中，高压电源为48V蓄电池，低压电源为12V蓄电池。直流变换器100在接收到唤醒信号后，控制器102首先控制开关单元Q1闭合，此时低压电源U1与第一电感L1形成的回路导通，低压电源U1给第一电感L1供电，以使第一电感L1储存能量。在第一电感L1达到稳态之后，控制器102控制开关单元Q1断开，之后可以控制第一阻值(例如10Ω)的电阻接入二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间，以使低压电源U1按照100mA的电流，对直流变换器100进行预充。进一步的，在第一电容C1的两端的电压达到12V时，控制器102可以控制第二阻值(第二阻值小于第一阻值)的电阻接入二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间，以使低压电源U1按照2A的电流，对直流变换器100进行预充，直至第一电容C1的两端的电压达到48V为止。
综上所述，本公开中的直流变换器通过控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。
图2是根据图1所示实施例示出的预充控制单元的电路图，如图2所示，预充控制单元101包括：第一预充支路和第二预充支路，第一预充支路包括第一电阻R1和第一开关K1，第二预充支路包括第二电阻R2和第二开关K2，第一电阻R1大于第二电阻R2。
第一电阻R1的第一端作为预充控制单元101的第一端，第一电阻R1的第二端与第一开关K1的第一端连接，第一开关K1的第二端作为预充控制单元101的第二端，第二电阻R2的第一端与第一电阻R1的第一端连接，第二电阻R2的第二端与第二开关K2的第一端连接，第二开关K2的第二端与第一开关K1的第二端连接，第一开关K1的控制端作为预充控制单元101的第一控制端与控制器102的输出端连接，第二开关K2的控制端作为预充控制单元101的第二控制端与控制器102的输出端连接。
控制器102用于在开关单元Q1断开，且未接收到预充指令的情况下，控制第一开关K1闭合，并控制第二开关K2断开。
控制器102还用于在开关单元Q1断开，且接收到预充指令的情况下，控制第一开关K1断开，并控制第二开关K2闭合。
示例的，预充控制单元101由第一预充支路和第二预充支路组成，其中第一预充支路包括第一电阻R1和第一开关K1，第二预充支路包括第二电阻R2和第二开关K2，第一电阻R1大于第二电阻R2。也就是说当第一开关K1闭合时，二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入的是第一电阻R1，当第二开关K2闭合时，二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入的是第二电阻R2。
具体的，在第一电感L1达到稳态之后，控制器102控制开关单元Q1断开，并且控制第一预充支路的第一开关K1闭合、第二预充支路的第二开关K2断开，将第一电阻R1接入电路，低压电源U1按照第一电流对直流变换器100进行预充。由于第一电阻的阻值大于第二电阻R2，因此，此时可以理解为直流变换器100的小电流预充阶段。当车辆中除直流变换器100的其他零部件都完成初始化时，VCU会发送预充指令至直流变换器100。直流变换器100在接收到预充指令之后，控制器102控制第一开关K1断开，并控制第二开关K2闭合时，第二电阻R2被接入电路，低压电源U1按照第二电流对直流变换器100进行预充，第二电流大于第一电流，此时可以理解为直流变换器100的正常预充阶段。其中，第一电流的大小可以为100mA，第二电流的大小可以为2A。
图3是根据图2所示实施例示出的预充时间的示意图，如图3所示，t1为直流变换器100完成初始化并开始按照小电流进行预充的时间，t2为直流变换器100接收到预充指令并开始按照正常电流预充的时间，t3为直流变换器100按照图2所示实施例进行预充的完成时间，t4为直流变换器100在接收到预充指令之前不进行预充，在接收到预充指令之后开始按照正常电流预充的完成时间。t1-t2为图2所示实施例中直流变换器100的小电流预充阶段，t2-t3为图2所示实施例中直流变换器100的正常预充阶段，t2-t4为直流变换器100正常预充的时间段。
其中，t1-t2可以为300ms，t2-t3可以为100ms，t2-t4可以为140ms。根据图3可以看出，直流变换器100根据图2所示实施例通过在接收到预充指令之前提前按照小电流进行预充的方式，可以明显地缩短预充时间。
在一种应用场景中，控制器102还用于在未接收到预充指令，且负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的电压大于或等于第一阈值的情况下，控制预充控制单元101将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开。
示例的，在第一预充支路中的第一开关K1闭合且第二预充支路中的第二开关K2断开的情况下，直流变换器100用第一电流进行预充。在这个过程中，尚未接收到预充指令，如果直流变换器100检测到负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第一电压大于或等于第一阈值，那么控制器102可以控制第一预充支路中的第一开关K1断开，将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开，从而停止用第一电流进行预充，等待VCU发送预充指令。其中，以低压电源为12V为例，那么第一阈值可以是12V。
在另一种应用场景中，控制器102还用于在接收到预充指令，且负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的电压大于或等于第二阈值的情况下，控制预充控制单元101将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开。
示例的，在第二预充支路中的第二开关K2闭合且第一预充支路中的第一开关K1断开的情况下，直流变换器100用第二电流进行预充。在这个过程中，接收到了预充指令，如果直流变换器100检测到负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第二电压大于或等于第二阈值，那么控制器102可以控制第二预充电路中的第二开关K2断开，将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开，从而停止用正常电流进行预充，直流变换器100的预充过程结束。其中，以低压电源为48V为例，那么第二阈值例如可以是43.5V。
综上所述，本公开中的直流变换器通过控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图，该方法应用于图1所示的直流变换器100，该直流变换器100包括：第一电感L1、开关单元Q1、二极管D1、第一电容C1、负载电阻R0、预充控制单元101和控制器102，如图4所示，该方法包括：
步骤101，接收车辆的VCU发出的唤醒信号。
步骤102，控制预充控制单元101在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第一电阻R1，以使低压电源U1按照第一电流对直流变换器100进行预充。
步骤103，在接收到VCU发出的预充指令的情况下，控制预充控制单元101在二极 管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第二电阻R2，以使低压电源U1按照第二电流对直流变换器100进行预充，第一电阻R1大于第二电阻R2。
举例来说，当驾驶员转动车辆的点火开关，转动至KL15ON档，即控制车辆启动，此时车辆的KBCM发出唤醒信号，直流变换器100接收到KBCM发出的唤醒信号之后，直流变换器100中的控制器102可以先控制开关单元Q1闭合，此时低压电源U1与第一电感L1形成的回路导通，低压电源U1给第一电感L1供电，以使第一电感L1储存能量。在第一电感L1达到稳态之后，控制器102可以进一步控制开关单元Q1断开，并且控制预充控制单元101在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第一电阻，使得低压电源U1按照第一电流对直流变换器100进行预充。由于第一电阻R1的阻值大于第二电阻R2，因此，此时可以理解为直流变换器100的小电流预充阶段。当车辆中除直流变换器100外的其他零部件都完成自身初始化时，VCU会发送预充指令至直流变换器100。直流变换器100在接收到VCU发出的预充指令之后，控制器102控制预充控制单元101在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第二电阻，低压电源U1按照第二电流对直流变换器100进行预充，第二电流大于第一电流，此时可以理解为直流变换器100的正常预充阶段。其中，第一电流的大小可以为100mA，第二电流的大小可以为2A。
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图，如图5所示，在步骤102之前，该方法还可以包括：
步骤104，检测直流变换器100的状态。
相应的，步骤102的实现方式可以为：
在直流变换器100的状态为正常的情况下，控制预充控制单元101在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第一电阻R1。
示例的，直流变换器100接收到VCU发出的唤醒信号，之后进行初始化(即检测直流变换器100的状态)。因为直流变换器100初始化的时间，比车辆中其他零部件(如电池管理***、电机控制器、继电器等)初始化所用的时间要短，因此，直流变换器100在完成初始化之后，即直流变换器100的状态为正常的情况下，直流变换器100中的控制器102可以先控制开关单元Q1闭合，此时低压电源U1与第一电感L1形成的回路导通，低压电源U1给第一电感L1供电，以使第一电感L1储存能量。在第一电感L1达到稳态之后，控制器102可以进一步控制开关单元Q1断开，并且控制预充控制单元101在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第一电阻，使得低压电源U1按照 第一电流对直流变换器100进行预充。由于第一电阻R1的阻值大于第二电阻R2，因此，此时可以理解为直流变换器100的小电流预充阶段。其中，第一电流的大小可以为100mA。
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图，如图6所示，该方法还包括：
步骤105，在接收到预充指令之前，检测负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第一电压。
步骤106，若第一电压大于或等于第一阈值，控制预充控制单元101将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开。
示例的，在直流变换器100完成初始化，但是尚未接收到预充指令的情况下，直流变换器100用第一电流进行预充。在这个过程中，直流变换器100检测负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第一电压，如果负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第一电压大于或等于第一阈值，那么控制器102可以控制第一预充支路中的第一开关K1断开，将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开，从而停止用第一电流进行预充，等待VCU发送预充指令。其中，以低压电源为12V为例，那么第一阈值可以是12V。
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种直流变换器的控制方法的流程图，如图7所示，在控制预充控制单元101在二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间接入第二电阻R2之后，该方法还包括：
步骤107，检测负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第二电压。
步骤108，若第二电压大于或等于第二阈值，控制预充控制单元101将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开。
示例的，在直流变换器100已经收到预充指令的情况下，直流变换器100用第二电流进行预充。在这个过程中，直流变换器100检测负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第二电压，如果负载电阻R0的第一端与负载电阻R0的第二端之间的第二电压大于或等于第二阈值，那么控制器102控制第二预充电路中的第二开关K2断开，将二极管D1的负极和负载电阻R0的第一端之间断开，从而停止用正常电流进行预充，直流变换器100的预充过程结束。其中，以低压电源为48V为例，那么第二阈值例如可以是43.5V。
综上所述，本公开中的直流变换器通过控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负 载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。
本公开还涉及一种车辆，如图8所示，该车辆200上设置有低压电源U1、高压电源U2和上述实施例中所示的任一种直流变换器100。
关于上述实施例中的车辆200，其中直流变换器100执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该直流变换器100的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
综上所述，本公开中的直流变换器通过控制预充控制单元中接入二极管的负极和负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使低压电源对直流变换器进行预充。本公开通过控制二极管与负载电阻之间接入的电阻，能够灵活控制对直流变换器进行预充的电流，提高了直流变换器的预充效率。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开还提出了一种计算处理设备，包括：
存储器，其中存储有计算机可读代码；以及
一个或多个处理器，当所述计算机可读代码被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，所述计算处理设备执行前述的直流变换器的控制方法。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开还提出了一种计算机程序，包括计算机可读代码，当所述计算机可读代码在计算处理设备上运行时，导致所述计算处理设备执行前述的直流变换器的控制方法。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开还提出了一种计算机可读存储介质，其中存储了前述的计算机程序。
图9为本公开实施例提供了一种计算处理设备的结构示意图。该计算处理设备通常包括处理器310和以存储器330形式的计算机程序产品或者计算机可读介质。存储器330可以是诸如闪存、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、EPROM、硬盘或者ROM之类的电子存储器。存储器330具有用于执行上述方法中的任何方法步骤的程序代码351的存储空间350。例如，用于程序代码的存储空间350可以包括分别用于实现上面的方法中的各种步骤的各个程序代码351。这些程序代码可以从一个或者多个计算机程序产品中读出或者写入到这一个或者多个计算机程序产品中。这些计算机程序产品包括诸如硬盘，紧致盘(CD)、存储卡或者软盘之类的程序代码载体。这样的计算机程序产品通常为如图10所示的便携式或者固定存储单元。该存储单元可以具有与图9的服务器中的存储器330 类似布置的存储段、存储空间等。程序代码可以例如以适当形式进行压缩。通常，存储单元包括计算机可读代码351’，即可以由例如诸如310之类的处理器读取的代码，这些代码当由服务器运行时，导致该服务器执行上面所描述的方法中的各个步骤。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现定制逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本公开的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本公开的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行***、装置或设备(如基于计算机的***、包括处理器的***或其他可以从指令执行***、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的***)使用，或结合这些指令执行***、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言，"计算机可读介质"可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行***、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行***、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下：具有一个或多个布线的电连接部(电子装置)，便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置)，随机存取存储器(RAM)，只读存储器(ROM)，可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM或闪速存储器)，光纤装置，以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM)。另外，计算机可读介质甚至可以是 可在其上打印所述程序的纸或其他合适的介质，因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描，接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序，然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。
应当理解，本公开的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行***执行的软件或固件来实现。如，如果用硬件来实现和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
此外，在本公开各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种直流变换器，其特征在于，所述直流变换器包括：第一电感、开关单元、二极管、第一电容、负载电阻、预充控制单元和控制器；
    所述第一电感的第一端与所述二极管的正极连接，所述第一电感的第二端与低压电源的正极连接，所述开关单元的第一端与所述低压电源的负极连接，所述开关单元的第二端与所述第一电感的第一端连接，所述二极管的负极与所述预充控制单元的第一端连接，所述预充控制单元的第二端与所述负载电阻的第一端连接，所述负载电阻的第二端与所述开关单元的第一端连接，所述第一电容与所述负载电阻并联；
    所述负载电阻的第一端通过主继电器与高压电源的正极连接，所述负载电阻的第二端与所述高压电源的负极连接，所述开关单元的控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接，所述预充控制单元的控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接；
    所述控制器用于控制所述开关单元导通或断开；
    所述控制器用于在所述开关单元断开的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元中接入所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间的电阻，以使所述低压电源对所述直流变换器进行预充。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直流变换器，其特征在于，所述预充控制单元包括：第一预充支路和第二预充支路，所述第一预充支路包括第一电阻和第一开关，所述第二预充支路包括第二电阻和第二开关，所述第一电阻大于所述第二电阻；
    所述第一电阻的第一端作为所述预充控制单元的第一端，所述第一电阻的第二端与所述第一开关的第一端连接，所述第一开关的第二端作为所述预充控制单元的第二端，所述第二电阻的第一端与所述第一电阻的第一端连接，所述第二电阻的第二端与所述第二开关的第一端连接，所述第二开关的第二端与所述第一开关的第二端连接，所述第一开关的控制端作为所述预充控制单元的第一控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接，所述第二开关的控制端作为所述预充控制单元的第二控制端与所述控制器的输出端连接；
    所述控制器用于在所述开关单元断开，且未接收到预充指令的情况下，控制所述第一开关闭合，并控制所述第二开关断开；
    所述控制器还用于在所述开关单元断开，且接收到所述预充指令的情况下，控制所述第一开关断开，并控制所述第二开关闭合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直流变换器，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在未接收到 所述预充指令，且所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的电压大于或等于第一阈值的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的直流变换器，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在接收到所述预充指令，且所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的电压大于或等于第二阈值的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
  5. 一种直流变换器的控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于所述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的直流变换器，所述直流变换器包括：第一电感、开关单元、二极管、第一电容、负载电阻、预充控制单元和控制器；所述方法包括：
    接收车辆的整车控制器VCU发出的唤醒信号；
    控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第一电阻，以使所述低压电源按照第一电流对所述直流变换器进行预充；
    在接收到所述VCU发出的预充指令的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第二电阻，以使所述低压电源按照第二电流对所述直流变换器进行预充，所述第一电阻大于所述第二电阻。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第一电阻之前，所述方法还包括：
    检测所述直流变换器的状态；
    所述控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第一电阻，包括：
    在所述直流变换器的状态为正常的情况下，控制所述预充控制单元在所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入所述第一电阻。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在接收到所述预充指令之前，检测所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的第一电压；
    若所述第一电压大于或等于第一阈值，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述控制所述预充控制单元在所述 二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间接入第二电阻之后，所述方法还包括：
    检测所述负载电阻的第一端与所述负载电阻的第二端之间的第二电压；
    若所述第二电压大于或等于第二阈值，控制所述预充控制单元将所述二极管的负极和所述负载电阻的第一端之间断开。
  9. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆上设置有低压电源、高压电源和权利要求1-4中任一项所述的直流变换器。
  10. 一种计算处理设备，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，其中存储有计算机可读代码；以及
    一个或多个处理器，当所述计算机可读代码被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，所述计算处理设备执行如权利要求5-8中任一项所述的直流变换器的控制方法。
  11. 一种计算机程序，包括计算机可读代码，当所述计算机可读代码在计算处理设备上运行时，导致所述计算处理设备执行根据权利要求5-8中任一项所述的直流变换器的控制方法。
  12. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其中存储了如权利要求11所述的计算机程序。
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