WO2022063296A1 - 一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2022063296A1
WO2022063296A1 PCT/CN2021/120945 CN2021120945W WO2022063296A1 WO 2022063296 A1 WO2022063296 A1 WO 2022063296A1 CN 2021120945 W CN2021120945 W CN 2021120945W WO 2022063296 A1 WO2022063296 A1 WO 2022063296A1
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feed
poultry
feed additive
activity
parts
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PCT/CN2021/120945
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English (en)
French (fr)
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余璐璐
张广民
宋全芳
王海燕
李阳
高继磊
蔡辉益
李爽
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天津博菲德科技有限公司
北京挑战农业科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022063296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022063296A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive which can be added in poultry raising and can effectively improve oxygen supply capacity and improve the survival rate and production performance of poultry and its application.
  • 5-aminolevulinic acid (-ALA), molecular formula C 5 H 9 NO 3 , is a ⁇ -amino acid with an amino group and a carboxyl group on both sides.
  • 5-ALA widely exists in animal, plant and microbial cells, and is non-toxic to humans and animals. It is easily degraded in the environment and has no residue. Currently, it is gradually popularized and applied in the domestic feed industry.
  • 5-ALA is closely related to the regulation of heme synthesis in the body, and heme is the main stable structure on the hemoglobin molecule and participates in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Therefore, adding 5-ALA to livestock and poultry feeds It can effectively improve the blood oxygen content of livestock and poultry, activate cell function, and accelerate intracellular redox reaction, thereby promoting vigorous metabolism of the body and improving feed conversion rate; at the same time, some studies have found that 5-ALA can significantly promote the body's hematopoietic function and increase the red blood cells in the blood. 5-ALA in livestock and poultry feeds can regulate the immune system, increase the number of immunoglobulins and white blood cells in the body, and enhance resistance to pathogenic microorganisms ability.
  • Feed enzyme preparation and Enterococcus faecalis are a new type of biological preparation products, which are non-toxic and non-residual, and have significant application effects in regulating the intestinal health of livestock and poultry and improving production performance.
  • Feed enzymes and Enterococcus faecalis can regulate the body's immune system by reducing the anti-nutritional factors in the feed, reducing the viscosity of the chyme in the intestinal tract, improving the micro-ecological balance of the intestinal flora, and improving the disease resistance of livestock and poultry. metabolic state, thereby improving the turnover efficiency of nutrients.
  • Enterococcus faecalis is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive lactic acid bacterium with a spherical or chain shape. Enterococcus faecalis can form a biofilm in the animal intestine and attach to the animal intestinal mucosa, and develop, grow and develop. Reproduction can form a barrier of lactic acid bacteria to resist the side effects of foreign bacteria, viruses and mycotoxins.
  • the commonly used feed additives such as the separate addition of feed compound enzymes and Enterococcus faecalis to the feed, cannot significantly improve the oxygen supply capacity of livestock and poultry, and the effects in terms of production performance are very limited.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to aim at the problems of limited growth performance and high lethality of poultry due to the problem of oxygen supply in the prior art, and to provide a feed additive for improving the ability of poultry to obtain oxygen, the active ingredient of which is 5-amino Levulinic acid has a significant effect on improving the efficiency of oxygen utilization in poultry.
  • a large number of animal tests have been screened and verified that 5-ALA, feed compound enzymes and Enterococcus faecalis have a synergistic effect, and their combined use can significantly improve the blood oxygen supply and oxygen supply of poultry, and improve the survival rate and production performance.
  • the present invention provides a feed additive for improving the oxygen acquisition capacity of poultry, the feed additive comprises active ingredients, and the active ingredients are 5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives or 5-aminolevulinic acid at least one of levulinate.
  • the 5-aminolevulinic acid derivative can be 5-aminolevulinic acid ester, N-acyl-5-aminolevulinic acid, N-acyl-5-aminolevulinic acid ester, etc.;
  • Described 5-aminolevulinic acid salt can be 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrobromide, 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate, 5-aminolevulinic acid nitrate, 5-aminolevulinic acid sulfate, etc.
  • the feed additive may be a composite additive in the following mass ratio, the feed additive comprising 2-10 parts by weight of active ingredients, 10-45 parts by weight of composite enzymes for feed, 10 parts by weight of Enterococcus faecalis - parts by weight and carrier 0-75 parts by weight.
  • the feed additive comprises 2-10 parts by weight of active ingredients, 10-45 parts by weight of complex enzymes for feed, and 10-45 parts by weight of Enterococcus faecalis.
  • the feed additive comprises 5 parts by weight of active ingredients, 30 parts by weight of complex enzymes for feed, 30 parts by weight of Enterococcus faecalis and 35 parts by weight of carrier.
  • the multi-enzyme for feed comprises ⁇ -mannanase, xylanase, ⁇ -glucanase, pectinase and cellulase
  • ⁇ -mannanase activity is 2000-6000U/g
  • xylanase activity is 8000-20000U/g
  • ⁇ -glucanase activity is 400-1000U/g
  • pectinase activity is 200-1000U/g
  • cellulase activity of 300-600U/g cellulase activity of 300-600U/g.
  • the forage complex enzyme comprises ⁇ -mannanase activity of 5000U/g, xylanase activity of 15000U/g, ⁇ -glucanase activity of 800U/g,
  • the pectinase activity was 600 U/g and the cellulase activity was 600 U/g.
  • the viable count of Enterococcus faecalis is 5 ⁇ 10 9 to 2 ⁇ 10 10 cfu/g.
  • the viable count of Enterococcus faecalis is 1 ⁇ 10 10 cfu/g.
  • the carrier is selected from corn starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, beta-cyclodextrin, maltodextrin, modified starch.
  • the present invention provides a feed for improving the oxygen acquisition capacity of poultry, the feed comprising the above-mentioned feed additive.
  • the invention provides a poultry breeding method, which includes the step of using the feed additive for poultry feeding.
  • the present invention provides a poultry breeding method, comprising the steps of using the feed to feed the poultry.
  • the following examples facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, but do not limit the present invention.
  • the experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
  • the test materials used in the following examples were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores unless otherwise specified.
  • the quantitative tests in the following examples are all set to repeat the experiments three times, and the results are averaged.
  • the effective active ingredient of 5-ALA in the embodiment of the present invention is ⁇ 99%, purchased from Beijing Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the trade name is Wuleyi ; From Beijing Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the trade name is You C-1000; the compound feed enzyme preparation is ⁇ -mannanase activity of 5000U/g, xylanase activity of 15000U/g, ⁇ -glucanase activity The activity was 800U/g, the pectinase activity was 600U/g, and the cellulase activity was 600U/g, which were purchased from Beijing Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. under the trade name of Teji NSPase.
  • the control group was fed with the basal diet + 500g/t corn starch; the experimental group was fed with 25g/t5-ALA + 475g/t corn starch in the basal diet; the experimental group was fed with 150g/t in the basal diet Enzyme preparation + 150g/t Enterococcus faecalis + 200g/t corn starch; experimental group 3 was supplemented with 25g/t 5-ALA + 150g/t feed enzyme preparation + 150g/t Enterococcus faecalis + 175g in the basal diet /t corn starch, the experimental design is shown in Table 1:
  • the feeding test was carried out at the Zunhua Animal Test Base of Beijing Challenge Group.
  • the test process was routine feeding, free access to food and water, and immunization and medication were operated in accordance with the "Immunization Procedures" and "Medication Guidelines” of the chicken farm.
  • the feeding experiment was performed on an empty stomach in the morning at the beginning and the end of the experiment, and the daily feed intake was recorded during the experiment.
  • 6 broilers that had been fasted for 12 hours were randomly selected from each group, half male and female, and blood was collected from the heart in an EDTA-K 2 anticoagulation tube, and the number of red blood cells (RBC) and the concentration of hemoglobin (HGB) were detected by an automatic blood analyzer. and hematocrit PCV.
  • the control group was fed the basal diet; the experimental group was supplemented with 15g/t 5-ALA+150g/t feed enzyme preparation+150g/t Enterococcus faecalis in the basal diet; the experimental group was supplemented with the basal diet 25g/t 5-ALA+150g/t feed enzyme preparation+150g/t Enterococcus faecalis; the three groups in the experiment were basal diet supplemented with 35g/t 5-ALA+150g/t feed enzyme preparation+150g/t Enterococcus faecalis, the experimental design is shown in Table 4:
  • the 5-ALA described in this test is the effective active ingredient ⁇ 99%; the enzymatic activity of the feed enzyme preparation is ⁇ -mannanase activity of 5000U/g, xylanase activity of 15000U/g, ⁇ -glucanase activity
  • the carbohydrase activity is 800U/g
  • the pectinase activity is 600U/g
  • the cellulase activity is 600U/g
  • the viable count of the Enterococcus faecalis for feeding is 1*10 10 cfu/g.
  • the feeding test was carried out in the Zunhua Animal Test Base of Beijing Challenge Group.
  • the test process was conventional feeding, free access to food and water, and immunization and medication were operated in accordance with the "Immunization Procedures" and "Medication Guidelines” of the chicken farm.
  • the feeding test was weighed on an empty stomach in the morning at the beginning and end of the test, and the daily feed intake was recorded during the test. After the test, the average feed intake, daily gain and feed-to-meat ratio of the broilers were calculated. The feeding test was carried out on 42d. At age, 6 broilers that had been fasted for 12 hours were randomly selected from each group, half male and female, and blood was collected from the heart in an EDTA-K 2 anticoagulant tube to detect the number of red blood cells RBC, hemoglobin concentration HGB and red blood cells by an automatic blood analyzer. Accumulated PCV.
  • each test group can significantly increase the number of red blood cells RBC of broiler chickens on 42 days (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • RBC red blood cells
  • HGB hemoglobin content
  • hematocrit PCV of broiler chickens on 42 days were significantly different from those of the control group (P ⁇ 0.05); Significantly improve the oxygen supply capacity of broilers.
  • a total of 1380 healthy Korean quails aged 36 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (cage) in each group.
  • the feeding amount of each repeated (cage) quail in one test group is 60/cage, and the feeding amount of quail in two groups, three groups, four groups, five groups, six groups and seven groups is 65/cage.
  • Cages, experimental groups 1 and 2 were fed basal diet, experimental group 3 was supplemented with 25 g/t 5-ALA in the basal diet, experimental group 4 was supplemented with 35 g/t 5-ALA in the basal diet, and experimental group 5 was fed with basal diet.
  • the six experimental groups were to add 25g/t 5-ALA + 150g/t feed enzyme preparation + 150g/t to the basal diet Enterococcus faecalis; the test quails were housed in stacked cages, and the area of the quail cages was 0.7345m 2 .
  • the pre-trial period is 3d, and the trial period is 28d.
  • the 5-ALA described in this test is the effective active ingredient ⁇ 99%; the enzyme activity of the feed enzyme preparation is 5000U/g of ⁇ -mannanase activity, 15000U/g of xylanase activity, and ⁇ -glucan.
  • the carbohydrase activity is 800U/g
  • the pectinase activity is 600U/g
  • the cellulase activity is 600U/g;
  • the viable count of the Enterococcus faecalis for feeding is 1*10 10 cfu/g.
  • the feeding test was conducted at the Zunhua Animal Test Base of Beijing Challenge Group.
  • the test quails were fed and drank ad libitum according to the conventional feeding method of the farm.
  • the quails in each group were fed the same diet, and the diet was self-made conventional quail diet, which could meet the nutritional needs of the quails in the experimental period.
  • Quail eggs were collected and weighed at 08:00 every day after the start of the experiment, the total number and total egg weight of each replicate quail eggs were recorded, and the egg production rate and average egg weight of each replicate quail were calculated.
  • the application of the additive of the present invention in poultry can significantly improve the blood oxygen supply capacity of the poultry, reduce the death rate of the poultry, improve the survival rate (especially reduce the incidence of ascites in broilers), and can improve the production performance of the poultry.
  • the product has strong economic application benefit and market promotion value.

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Abstract

一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂，包含活性成分5-氨基乙酰丙酸、5-氨基乙酰丙酸衍生物或5-氨基乙酰丙酸盐中的至少一种。也可以是按质量份数复合添加的添加剂：活性成分2-10重量份、饲用复合酶10-45重量份、粪肠球菌10-45重量份和载体0-75重量份。以及该饲料添加剂在家禽养殖中的应用。

Description

一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域，具体涉及一种在家禽饲养中添加，可有效改善供氧能力提高家禽成活率及生产性能的饲料添加剂及其应用。
背景技术
在现代家禽养殖中，为了追求较高的经济利益，高密度养殖是普遍存在的现象，而饲养密度是影响家禽生产性能的重要因素。在高密度或高海拔地区氧气不足的饲养情况下，会使家禽生产性能下降，尤其在冬季饲养过程中，棚舍内通风不畅，极易引起家禽氧气供应不足，死淘率增加等问题。有研究发现5-氨基乙酰丙酸能够提高机体造血功能及氧气的运输效率，从而改善缺氧状态。
5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)，分子式C 5H 9NO 3，是一种两边分别有氨基和羧基的γ-氨基酸。它作为生物合成四氢吡咯的重要前体，是生物体合成血红素、细胞色素、维生素B 12等必不可少的物质。5-ALA广泛存在于动物，植物及微生物细胞中，且对人畜无毒性，在环境中易降解、无残留等特点，目前在国内饲料工业中以逐步被推广应用。5-ALA与机体内的亚铁血红素(Heme)合成调控密切相关，而血红素则是血红蛋白分子上的主要稳定结构，参与氧气、二氧化碳运输，因此，添加在畜禽饲料中添加5-ALA能有效提高畜禽的血氧含量，活化细胞功能，加速细胞内氧化还原反应，从而促使机体新陈代谢旺盛，提高饲料转化率；同时有研究发现5-ALA可显著促进机体造血机能，提高血液中红细胞数量，从而提高血液对营养物质的运输能力，加速饲料营养物质的周转；在畜禽饲料中添加5-ALA能够调节其免疫***，提高机体内免疫球蛋白与白细胞数量，增强对病原微生物的抵抗能力。
饲用酶制剂与粪肠球菌是一种新型的生物制剂产品，无毒害，无残留，在调节畜禽肠道健康，改善生产性能等方面应用效果显著。饲用酶制剂与粪肠球菌能够通过降低饲料内的抗营养因子，降低肠道内食糜粘性，改善肠道内菌群的微生态平衡，提高畜禽的抗病能力等作用特点来调节机体内 的代谢状态，进而提高营养物质的周转效率。粪肠球菌是一种兼性厌氧型革兰氏阳性乳酸菌，菌体形态为球状或链状，粪肠球菌在动物肠道内可形成生物薄膜附着于动物肠道粘膜上，并且发育、生长和繁殖，可形成乳酸菌屏障，抵御外来病菌病毒及霉菌毒素等的副影响。
目前，通常用到的饲料添加剂，例如在饲料中分别单独添加饲用复合酶及粪肠球菌，并不能显著提高畜禽供氧能力，生产性能等方面效果十分有限。
发明公开
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术中家禽因供氧问题导致的生长性能受限、致死率高的问题，提供了一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂，其有效成分为5-氨基乙酰丙酸，对于提高家禽机体对氧气的利用效率具有明显效果。通过大量动物试验筛选验证得知，5-ALA、饲用复合酶与粪肠球菌具有协同作用效果，其联合使用能够显著改善家禽的血液供氧氧状况，提高成活率和生产性能。
本发明提供了一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂，所述的饲料添加剂包括活性成分，所述活性成分为5-氨基乙酰丙酸、5-氨基乙酰丙酸衍生物或5-氨基乙酰丙酸盐中的至少一种。
所述5-氨基乙酰丙酸衍生物可以为5-氨基乙酰丙酸酯、N-酰基-5-氨基乙酰丙酸、N-酰基-5-氨基乙酰丙酸酯等；
所述5-氨基乙酰丙酸盐可以为5-氨基乙酰丙酸盐酸盐、5-氨基乙酰丙酸氢溴酸盐、5-氨基乙酰丙酸磷酸盐、5-氨基乙酰丙酸硝酸盐、5-氨基乙酰丙酸硫酸盐等。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述饲料添加剂可以是按照如下质量比的复合添加剂，所述饲料添加剂包含活性成分2-10重量份、饲用复合酶10-45重量份、粪肠球菌10-重量份和载体0-75重量份。
当载体的添加量为0时，所述饲料添加剂包含活性成分2-10重量份、饲用复合酶10-45重量份、粪肠球菌10-45重量份。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述饲料添加剂包含5重量份的活性成分，30重量份的饲用复合酶，30重量份粪肠球菌和35重量份的载体。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述饲用复合酶包括β-甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、果胶酶和纤维素酶，所述饲用复合酶中β-甘露聚糖酶活性为2000-6000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为8000-20000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为400-1000U/g，果胶酶活性为200-1000U/g和纤维素酶的活性为300-600U/g。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述饲用复合酶包含β-甘露聚糖酶活性为5000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为15000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为800U/g，果胶酶活性为600U/g和纤维素酶活性为600U/g。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述粪肠球菌活菌数为5×10 9—2×10 10cfu/g。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述粪肠球菌活菌数为1×10 10cfu/g。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，所述载体选自玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精、变性淀粉。
本发明提供一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料，所述饲料包含上述的饲料添加剂。
上述的饲料添加剂在家禽养殖中的应用也应在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述的饲料添加剂在高密度家禽养殖或者高海拔地区家禽养殖中应用也应在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述的饲料添加剂在制备用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料中的应用也应在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述的饲料在家禽养殖中的应用也应在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述的饲料在高密度家禽养殖或者高海拔地区家禽养殖中应用也应在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明提供一种家禽养殖养殖方法，包括使用所述的饲料添加剂进行家禽喂养的步骤。
本发明提供一种家禽养殖养殖方法，包括使用所述的饲料进行家禽喂养的步骤。
实施发明的最佳方式
以下的实施例便于更好地理解本发明，但并不限定本发明。下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料，如无特殊说明，均为自常规生化试剂商店购买得到的。以下实施例中的定量试验，均设置三次重复实验，结果取平均值。
本发明实施例中的5-ALA的有效活性成分≥99％，购自北京挑战生物技术有限公司，商品名称为吾乐益；粪肠球菌有效活菌数为1*10 10cfu/g，购自北京挑战生物技术有限公司，商品名称为优C-1000；复合饲用酶制剂为β-甘露聚糖酶活性为5000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为15000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为800U/g，果胶酶活性为600U/g，纤维素酶活性为600U/g，购自北京挑战生物技术有限公司，商品名称为特节NSP酶。
实施例1
1、试验动物
选择1日龄肉仔鸡1296只，按公母和体重随机分为4个处理，每个处理12个重复，每个重复27只鸡，每个重复样分为3笼3层饲养，每笼底面积为0.54m 2，进行高密度饲喂，试验阶段为42天，分两阶段进行饲喂。
2、日粮与试验设计
试验开始前，采集所用饲料原料，分析其常规养分含量，以实际检测结果进行饲料配方制作，各原料其它营养成分含量参照“中国饲料成分及营养价值表2017”，营养需要量参考NRC(1994)肉鸡饲养标准。对照组饲喂基础日粮+500g/t玉米淀粉；试验一组为在基础日粮中添加25g/t5-ALA+475g/t玉米淀粉；试验二组为在基础日粮中添加150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌+200g/t玉米淀粉；试验三组为在基础日粮中添加25g/t 5-ALA+150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌+175g/t玉米淀粉，试验设计如表1所示：
表1试验设计
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000002
3、饲养管理
饲养试验在北京挑战集团遵化动物试验基地进行，试验过程为常规饲养，自由采食与饮水，免疫和用药按照鸡场《免疫程序》和《用药指南》进行操作。
饲养试验分别于试验开始和结束时在早上空腹称重，试验过程中记录每日采食量，试验结束后计算肉鸡全阶段平均采食量，日增重及料肉比，饲养试验于21d，42d日龄时，每组随机抽取已禁食12h的肉鸡6只，公母各半，心脏采血于装入EDTA-K 2抗凝管中利用全自动血液分析仪检测红细胞数RBC、血红蛋白浓度HGB及红细胞压积PCV。
数据分析采用SPSS17.0软件ANOVO模块单因素进行分析。试验结果如下表所示。
4、结果与分析
由表2可知，对照组与试验一组及试验二组平均日增重及平均日采食量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)，但试验三组与对照组日增重有显著差异(P＜0.05)；日均采食量无明显差异，但试验二组日均采食量明显低于其它各组；在料肉比上各试验组均明显低于对照组，添加5-ALA料肉比降低，试验三组5-ALA与酶制剂及粪肠球菌联合使用效果优于5-ALA或酶制剂与粪肠球菌的单独使用效果；肉鸡死淘率的结果显示，不同添加剂组均能显著改善肉鸡死淘率(腹水症发病率明显下降)(P＜0.05)，且试验三组要明显优于试验一组和二组，表明5-ALA与酶制剂及粪肠球菌联合使用效果更优。
表2不同添加剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000003
注：同行无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，同行不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
由表3结果可得知，单独添加5-ALA能明显提高笼养肉鸡21d，42d的红细胞数RBC，血红蛋白含量HGB及红细胞压积PCV(P＜0.05)；粪肠球菌与酶制剂一同添加组对肉鸡21d，42d的红细胞数RBC，血红蛋白含量HGB及红细胞压积PCV有提升的趋势(P＞0.05)；在5-ALA基础上补充酶制剂与粪肠球菌能显著提高肉鸡21d，42d的红细胞数RBC，血红蛋白含量HGB及红细胞压积PCV(P＜0.05)，且联合使用的效果优于5-ALA及酶制剂与粪肠球菌的单独使用效果，表明5-ALA，饲用酶制剂与粪肠球菌具有协同效应改善笼养肉鸡的氧气不足的状况。
表3不同添加组别对肉鸡血液指标的影响
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000004
注：同行无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，同行不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
实施例2
1、试验动物
选择1日龄肉仔鸡1296只，按公母和体重随机分为4个处理，每个处理12个重复，每个重复27只鸡，每个重复样分为3笼3层饲养，每笼底面积为0.54m 2，进行高密度饲喂，试验阶段为42天，分两阶段进行饲喂。
2、日粮与试验设计
试验开始前，采集所用饲料原料，分析其常规养分含量，以实际检测结果进行饲料配方制作，各原料其它营养成分含量参照“中国饲料成分及营养价值表2017”，营养需要量参考NRC(1994)肉鸡饲养标准。对照组饲喂基础日粮；试验一组为在基础日粮中添加15g/t 5-ALA+150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌；试验二组为在基础日粮中添加25g/t 5-ALA+150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌；试验三组为在基础日粮中添加35g/t 5-ALA+150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌，试验设计如表4所示：
本试验所述5-ALA为有效活性成分≥99％；所述饲用酶制剂酶活为β-甘露聚糖酶活性为5000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为15000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为800U/g，果胶酶活性为600U/g，纤维素酶活性为600U/g；所述饲用粪肠球菌活菌数为1*10 10cfu/g。
表4试验设计
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000005
3、饲养管理
饲养试验在北京挑战集团遵化动物试验基地进行，试验过程为常规饲 养，自由采食与饮水，免疫和用药按照鸡场《免疫程序》和《用药指南》进行操作。
饲养试验分别于试验开始和结束时在早上空腹称重，试验过程中记录每日采食量，试验结束后计算肉鸡全阶段平均采食量，日增重及料肉比，饲养试验于42d日龄时，每组随机抽取已禁食12h的肉鸡6只，公母各半，心脏采血于装入EDTA-K 2抗凝管中利用全自动血液分析仪检测红细胞数RBC、血红蛋白浓度HGB及红细胞压积PCV。
数据分析采用SPSS17.0软件ANOVO模块单因素进行分析。试验结果如下表所示。
4、结果与分析
由表5可知，对照组与各实验组之间日增重及平均日采食量差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；在料肉比上各试验组均明显低于对照组，且试验二组与试验三组与对照组相比存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，但试验一组与对照组相比料肉比无明显差异；在死淘率上各试验组均明显低于对照组，且试验二组与试验三组与对照组相比存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，表明5-ALA的使用存在瓶颈效应，并不是5-ALA的添加量越高效果越明显。
表5 5-ALA与菌酶联合使用对肉鸡生产性能的影响
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000006
注：同行无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，同行不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
由表6结果可得知，各试验组与对照组相比均能极显著提高肉鸡42d的红细胞数RBC(P＜0.05)；试验二组，试验三组在菌酶剂量不变情况下， 随着5-ALA含量的增加，肉鸡42d的体内血红蛋白含量HGB及红细胞压积PCV与对照组相比均有显著差异(P＜0.05)；表明5-ALA与饲用酶制剂及粪肠球菌组合能明显改善肉鸡供氧能力。
表6不同添加组别对肉鸡血液指标的影响
Figure PCTCN2021120945-appb-000007
注：同行无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，同行不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
实施例3
1、试验设计
试验选取36周龄的健康朝鲜鹌鹑1380只，随机分为4个组，每组6个重复(笼)。试验一组每个重复(笼)鹌鹑的饲养量为60只/笼，试验二组、试验三组、试验四组、试验五组、试验六组、试验七组鹌鹑的饲养量为65只/笼，试验一、二组饲喂基础日粮，试验三组为在基础日粮中添加25g/t 5-ALA，试验四组为在基础日粮中添加35g/t 5-ALA，试验五组为在基础日粮中添加150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌，试验六组为在基础日粮中添加25g/t 5-ALA+150g/t饲用酶制剂+150g/t粪肠球菌；试验鹌鹑采用层叠式笼养，鹌鹑笼的面积为0.7345m 2。预试期3d，正试期28d。
本试验所述5-ALA为有效活性成分≥99％；所述饲用酶制剂酶活为β-甘露聚糖酶活性为5000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为15000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为800U/g，果胶酶活性为600U/g，纤维素酶活性为600U/g；所述饲用粪 肠球菌活菌数为1*10 10cfu/g。
2、饲养管理
饲养试验在北京挑战集团遵化动物试验基地进行，试验鹌鹑按照养殖场的常规饲喂方式，自由采食和饮水。各组鹌鹑饲喂同一种饲粮，饲粮为自配常规鹌鹑饲粮，可满足试验期鹌鹑的营养需要。试验开始后每天08:00收集鹌鹑蛋并称重，记录每个重复鹌鹑蛋的总数和总蛋重，并计算出每个重复鹌鹑的产蛋率以及平均蛋重。
数据分析采用SPSS17.0软件ANOVO模块单因素进行分析。试验结果如表7所示。
4、结果与分析
由表7可知，高密度饲养能显著降低鹌鹑的产蛋率(P＜0.05)，在高密度饲养基础上补充5-ALA或菌酶联合制剂均有利于产蛋率的提升(P＜0.05)；同时显示基础日粮补充35g/t 5-ALA的产蛋率略优于25g/t 5-ALA添加组，但无明显差异；5-ALA与菌酶制剂联合使用的作用效果明显优于5-ALA的单独使用(P＜0.05)；但各对照组与试验组之间的平均蛋总差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。
表7 5-ALA与菌酶联合使用对鹌鹑产蛋性能的影响
组别 产蛋率(％) 平均蛋总(g)
试验一组 70.32 a 12.04
试验二组 68.64 b 12.09
试验三组 71.05 a 12.04
试验四组 71.46 a 12.02
试验五组 72.38 ac 12.11
试验六组 73.94 c 12.09
注：同行无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，同行不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
工业应用
本发明所述添加剂在家禽中应用，能明显提高家禽的血液供氧能力， 降低家禽死淘率，提供成活率(特别是降低肉鸡腹水症的发病率)，且能提高家禽生产性能，本发明所述产品具有较强的经济应用效益和市场推广价值。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述的饲料添加剂包括活性成分，所述活性成分为5-氨基乙酰丙酸、5-氨基乙酰丙酸衍生物或5-氨基乙酰丙酸盐中的至少一种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述饲料添加剂包含活性成分2-10重量份、饲用复合酶10-45重量份、粪肠球菌10-重量份和载体0-75重量份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述饲料添加剂包含5重量份的活性成分，30重量份的饲用复合酶，30重量份粪肠球菌和35重量份的载体。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述饲用复合酶包括β-甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、果胶酶和纤维素酶，所述饲用复合酶中β-甘露聚糖酶活性为2000-6000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为8000-20000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为400-1000U/g，果胶酶活性为200-1000U/g和纤维素酶的活性为300-600U/g。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述饲用复合酶包含β-甘露聚糖酶活性为5000U/g，木聚糖酶活性为15000U/g，β-葡聚糖酶活性为800U/g，果胶酶活性为600U/g和纤维素酶活性为600U/g。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述粪肠球菌活菌数为5×10 9—2×10 10cfu/g。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述载体为玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精、变性淀粉中的至少一种。
  8. 一种用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料包含权利要求1-7任一所述的饲料添加剂。
  9. 权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料添加剂在家禽养殖中的应用。
  10. 权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料添加剂在高密度家禽养殖或者高海拔地区家禽养殖中应用。
  11. 权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料添加剂在制备用于提高家禽获氧能力的饲料中的应用。
  12. 权利要求8所述的饲料在家禽养殖中的应用。
  13. 权利要求8所述的饲料在高密度家禽养殖或者高海拔地区家禽养殖中应用。
  14. 一种家禽养殖养殖方法，其特征在于，包括使用权利要求1-7中任一项所述的饲料添加剂进行家禽喂养的步骤。
  15. 一种家禽养殖养殖方法，其特征在于，包括使用8所述的饲料进行家禽喂养的步骤。
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