WO2022061977A1 - 三维多视点显示装置及制造方法 - Google Patents

三维多视点显示装置及制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2022061977A1
WO2022061977A1 PCT/CN2020/120577 CN2020120577W WO2022061977A1 WO 2022061977 A1 WO2022061977 A1 WO 2022061977A1 CN 2020120577 W CN2020120577 W CN 2020120577W WO 2022061977 A1 WO2022061977 A1 WO 2022061977A1
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grating
dimensional
screen
pixel
display
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PCT/CN2020/120577
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周常河
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中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
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Publication of WO2022061977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022061977A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a three-dimensional display grating, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device and a manufacturing method, in particular to a combination of a turning grating and a pixel grating, which can be used as a means of three-dimensional display and is applied to the three-dimensional display of various screens.
  • Stereoscopic display including mobile phone screen, computer screen, and other various display screens, realizes the effect of multi-view stereoscopic display.
  • Three-dimensional display has always been the goal pursued by modern science and technology, especially the use of mobile phones, computers, TVs, and large display screens can produce three-dimensional display effects, which is a promising and important direction.
  • Holographic 3D display is an optical technology, but it requires optical interference technology.
  • the pixel resolution required by optical interference reaches the wavelength level.
  • the size of mobile phone pixels is still far larger than the display wavelength. Therefore, holographic 3D display technology is developed through mobile phone or computer screen, etc. It is not realistic yet.
  • the multi-view 3D display is to project the light emitted by each pixel of the screen to different viewpoint positions, and realize 3D display through different viewpoints. Especially with the promotion of high-resolution mobile phone screens, multi-view Three-dimensional stereoscopic display has a future.
  • the problem is that every point on the screen of the mobile phone is projected to a different point of view, so different density gratings need to be used.
  • the grating density is continuously changing, from very low line density to more than a thousand lines. It is difficult to achieve high efficiency, polarization independent, and broadband, which can meet the requirements of red, green and blue three-color light of screen pixels. It is difficult to make blazed gratings or gratings with continuous grayscale changes, and the processing process is difficult. Precise control ensures that the processed continuous grating has good performance.
  • the present invention provides a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device and a manufacturing method, which utilizes double-layer gratings to realize high-efficiency, polarization-independent three-dimensional display.
  • double-layer grating the problem of broadband, polarization-independent and high-efficiency diffraction is cleverly solved, and it has important application prospects.
  • Double-layer gratings include turning gratings and pixel gratings.
  • the first layer of grating is a turning grating, whose purpose is to deflect the light emitted from a small angle from the screen and reduce its zero-order diffracted light to reduce the interference to the three-dimensional display in the window, while the negative first-order diffracted light reaches the maximum value.
  • the second layer of pixel grating is to diffract the negative first-order diffracted light of the first layer into the desired multi-view window to realize the effect of three-dimensional multi-view display.
  • a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is characterized in that a display screen and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating are sequentially included along the light direction, and the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating is composed of a first layer of turning gratings and a second layer of pixel gratings,
  • the turning grating deflects the emitted light from each pixel of the display screen, reduces the light intensity of the zero-order diffracted light, and increases the light intensity of the negative first-order diffracted light;
  • the pixel grating diffracts the negative first-order diffracted light Go to the multi-view area of the multi-view 3D window to realize 3D multi-view display.
  • the display screen is a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, a TV screen, or any other type of display screen.
  • the turning grating can be an inclined grating with different distribution structures through grating design, including optimized film layer, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , to achieve high efficiency, Polarization-independent, simultaneous broadband, high-efficiency diffraction to negative first order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue primary colors of screen pixels.
  • the turning grating can also be a blazed grating, and the blazed grating has an optimized grating groove type through grating design, including optimized film layer, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , to achieve high-efficiency, polarization-independent, broadband, high-efficiency diffraction to the negative first-order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue three primary colors of the screen pixels at the same time. .
  • the turning grating can also be a continuous grayscale grating, and the continuous grayscale grating has an optimized grayscale distribution groove through the grating design, including optimized film layers, grayscale distribution, and depth, so as to achieve high diffraction efficiency, broadband, Polarization-independent beam steering.
  • the specific structure of the pixel grating is designed through the grating.
  • grating opening ratios and different grating groove depths there will be different grating diffraction efficiencies, so as to achieve broadband, polarization-independent beam diffraction to multi-view areas, and achieve 3D multi-view display effect.
  • the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device the turning grating and the pixel grating are obtained by exposure by a laser direct writing system, or by exposure by a laser holographic double-beam interference system, and can also be exposed by an electron beam system direct writing mask , and then obtained by developing and etching.
  • the invention utilizes the double-layer grating to realize high-efficiency, polarization-independent three-dimensional display.
  • the double-layer grating includes a first-layer turning grating and a second-layer pixel grating.
  • the first layer of grating is a turning grating, whose purpose is to deflect the light emitted from a small angle from the screen and reduce its zero-order diffracted light to reduce the interference to the three-dimensional display in the window, while the negative first-order diffracted light reaches the maximum value.
  • the second layer of pixel grating is to diffract the negative first-order diffracted light of the first layer into the desired multi-view window to realize the effect of three-dimensional multi-view display.
  • the invention can diffract each pixel on the display screen plane to a multi-viewpoint three-dimensional window, realize the diffraction of a broadband, polarization-independent beam to a multi-viewpoint area, and realize a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display effect.
  • the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display double-layer grating has high combined diffraction efficiency, is polarization independent, can be mass-produced and replicated, will be widely used in the field of three-dimensional display screens, and is a promising core key technology in the field of three-dimensional display screens.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of a turning grating.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of a pixel grating.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display. It can be seen from the figure that the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention sequentially includes a display screen 1 and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating along the light direction.
  • a multi-view three-dimensional window 4 is formed, and the three-dimensional multi-view display grating is composed of a first-layer turning grating 2 and a second-layer pixel grating 3, and the turning grating 2 is an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a continuous grayscale grating;
  • the pixel grating 3 corresponds to each pixel on the display screen 1, and diffracts the red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen 1 to the multi-viewing angle of the multi-view three-dimensional window 4. area to achieve 3D multi-view display.
  • the display screen 1 is a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, a TV screen, or any other type of display screen.
  • the turning grating 2 is an inclined grating with different distribution structures through grating design, including optimized film layers, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , to achieve high efficiency, Polarization-independent, simultaneous broadband, high-efficiency diffraction to negative first order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue primary colors of screen pixels.
  • the turning grating 2 is a blazed grating, and the blazed grating has an optimized grating groove type through grating design, including an optimized film layer, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , Achieve high-efficiency, polarization-independent, wide-band, high-efficiency diffraction to negative first-order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue primary colors of screen pixels at the same time.
  • the turning grating 2 is a continuous grayscale grating, and the continuous grayscale grating has an optimized grayscale distribution groove through the grating design, including optimized film layers, grayscale distribution, and depth, to achieve high diffraction efficiency, broadband, polarization Unrelated beam steering.
  • the specific structure of the pixel grating 3 is designed through the grating.
  • grating opening ratios and different grating groove depths there will be different grating diffraction efficiencies, so as to achieve broadband, polarization-independent beam diffraction to multi-view areas, Realize three-dimensional multi-view display effect.
  • the turning grating 2 and the pixel grating 3 are obtained by exposure by a laser direct writing system, or by a double beam interference system of laser holography.
  • the film is exposed and obtained by developing and etching.
  • the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is connected by a combination of a display screen and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating, which produces the effect of multi-viewpoint three-dimensional display.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display.
  • 1 is a display screen, which can be a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a TV screen, or other types of display screens;
  • 2 is a turning grating, the purpose of which is to deflect the small-angle emission light emitted by the display screen in the negative first-order direction by an angle
  • 3 is a pixel grating, the purpose of which is to reverse and diffract the negative first-order diffracted light of the turning grating into the multi-view window 4 to achieve the effect of three-dimensional display.
  • 4 is a multi-view three-dimensional viewing window.
  • the light emitted from the display screen 1 passes through the turning grating 2 and the pixel grating 3 and finally reaches the multi-view three-dimensional viewing window 4 .
  • 5 is the light emitted by the display screen 1; 6 is the oblique light after passing through the turning grating 2; 7 is the light projected to the multi-view three-dimensional window 4 after passing through the pixel grating 3.
  • the three-dimensional multi-view display grating is composed of a turning grating 2 and a pixel grating 3, wherein the turning grating 2 can be an oblique grating, a blazed grating or a continuous grayscale grating; the pixel grating 3 corresponds to each pixel on the display screen, The three-color light of red, green and blue emitted by each pixel of the display screen is diffracted to the multi-viewpoint display area to achieve a three-dimensional display effect.
  • the optimized grating pitch d1 ranges from 400nm to 2000nm
  • the opening ratio f1 ranges from 0.1 to 0.9
  • the grating groove h1 ranges from several Within a micron
  • the grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 can be any angle, and the optimal range is 5°-40°, so as to achieve high efficiency, polarization-independent, and high-efficiency diffraction of the red, green, and blue three primary colors of screen pixels to the negative first order.
  • the aperture ratio f 1 is defined as the ratio of the grating groove width to the period, which is not marked in the figure. After the light 5 from the screen passes through the turning grating, the negative first order diffraction is light 6.
  • the turning grating 2 can be an inclined grating, and the inclined grating can have different distribution structures, for example, optimized film layer and grating opening ratio, grating groove depth, in order to achieve high diffraction efficiency, and have polarization-independent performance; through grating design can be achieved Broadband, polarization-independent beam steering.
  • the turning grating can be an inclined grating
  • the inclined grating can have an optimized grating groove type, for example, an optimized base film layer 201, a substrate 202, a grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , an opening ratio f 1 , and a grating groove depth h 1
  • the grating film layer 203 achieves high diffraction efficiency and has polarization-independent performance; broadband, polarization-independent beam steering can be realized through the grating design.
  • Base film layer 201 (or matching high-efficiency coupling layer between screen pixels and turning grating), grating film layer 203 (or matching high-efficiency coupling layer between turning grating and pixel grating), the purpose is to emit red, green and blue to screen pixels
  • the three-color light has high transmittance, for example, higher than 95%;
  • the grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 can be any angle, and its purpose is to make the grating diffraction efficiency of the negative first-order diffraction of the light emitted by the screen pixels very high, and the zero-order light and the positive one
  • the order light is very weak;
  • the grating groove depth h 1 is within a few wavelengths corresponding to red, green and blue; the grating is designed and manufactured to achieve high polarization-independent diffraction efficiency, while having a high signal-to-noise ratio, that is, a low zero first-order light and positive first-order diffracted light.
  • the turning grating 2 can be a continuous grayscale grating, and the continuous grayscale grating can have an optimized grayscale distribution groove, for example, an optimized film layer, grayscale distribution and depth can achieve high diffraction efficiency and have polarization. Independent performance; broadband, polarization-independent beam steering can be achieved through grating design.
  • the purpose of the film layers 201 and 203 is to have high transmittance for the red, green and blue light emitted by the screen pixels, for example, higher than 95%; the depth of the grating groove is within several wavelengths corresponding to red, green and blue; the design of the grating and the The fabrication aims to achieve high polarization-independent diffraction efficiency.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of the pixel grating 3 .
  • the aperture ratio f 2 is defined as the ratio of the grating groove width to the period, which is not marked in the figure.
  • the pixel grating 3 may have a specific distribution structure, optimized base film layer 301, substrate 302, grating inclination angle ⁇ 2 , opening ratio f 2 , grating groove depth h 2 , grating film layer 303, under different grating opening ratio f In 2 cases, different grating groove depths h 2 will have different grating diffraction efficiencies.
  • the red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen 1 can be diffracted to the multi-view three-dimensional window 4
  • the multi-view area can realize 3D multi-view display.
  • the transmittance of the optimized base film layer 301 is higher than 95%; the grating inclination angle ⁇ 2 is any angle, and the optimized range is 5°-40°; the optimized range of the aperture ratio f 2 is 0.1-0.9, and the optimized range of the grating groove depth h 2 is Within a few microns, the transmittance of the grating film layer 303 is higher than 95%. In the case of different grating opening ratio f 2 and different grating groove depth h 2 , there will be different grating diffraction efficiencies. The optimized diffraction efficiency The range can be 60%--100%.
  • the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is composed of a display screen and a three-dimensional display double-layer grating. After the combination is completed, each pixel on the display screen will diffract into different viewpoints to achieve a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display effect.
  • the three-dimensional multi-view double-layer display device is a new type of three-dimensional display device. need.
  • volume holography can meet the requirements of diffracting screen light to multi-view windows, but volume holographic materials are often difficult to achieve broadband high efficiency and continuously adjustable diffraction angles and other requirements, and the long-term stability of volume holographic materials and mass production Consistency is also difficult to guarantee.
  • the use of single-layer continuous grayscale, continuously variable density grating or blazed continuous deflection angle grating also faces difficulties in satisfying processing consistency and high efficiency, polarization independence, and continuously variable diffraction angle.
  • the present invention solves these problems by cleverly utilizing the numerical optimization structure of the double-layer grating.
  • the so-called numerical optimization structure of double-layer grating here refers to whether it is the inclined grating of the first layer or the pixel grating of the second layer, which can be determined by "numerical" optimization by computer. Knowing the performance of each layer of grating, through the optimization of the grating structure, the bandwidth, polarization independence, efficiency, deflection angle, etc. of the three primary colors are corrected and compensated to achieve the desired three-dimensional multi-view display requirements. This provides us with an unprecedented tool for realizing 3D multi-viewpoint display, thereby realizing numerically controllable diffraction function, which has become a revolutionary realization technology in the field of 3D display.
  • the present invention can be applied to all types of flat display screens, so that it can realize the function of three-dimensional display, and will play an irreplaceable and important role in the field of three-dimensional display.

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Abstract

一种三维多视点显示装置及制造方法，三维多视点显示装置沿光线方向依次包括显示屏幕（1）、三维多视点显示光栅、多视点三维视窗（4），三维多视点显示光栅由第一层的转向光栅（2）和第二层的像素光栅（3），转向光栅（2）是倾斜光栅、闪耀光栅或连续灰度光栅；像素光栅（3）对应于显示屏幕（1）上的每个像素，将显示屏幕（1）的每个像素发出的红绿蓝三色光衍射到多视点三维视窗（4）的多视角区域，实现三维多视点显示。三维多视点显示双层光栅可以大批量生产和复制，可以在三维显示屏幕领域广泛使用。

Description

三维多视点显示装置及制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及三维显示光栅,特别是一种三维多视点显示装置及制造方法，特别是一种由转向光栅和像素光栅组合而成，可以作为三维显示的一种手段，应用于各种屏幕的三维立体显示，包括手机屏幕、电脑屏幕、及其它多种显示屏幕，实现多视点立体显示的效果。
背景技术
三维显示一直是现代科学技术追求的目标，特别是采用手机、电脑、电视、大型显示屏幕能够产生三维显示效果，是有前途的重要方向。
目前的手机屏幕、电脑屏幕等都是二维显示的，将来有可能会发展出三维显示屏幕，特别是高分辨率、4K、8K分辨率屏幕的发展，为三维显示提供一种可能。
全息三维显示是一个光学技术，但是需要光学干涉技术，光学干涉需要的像素分辨率达到波长量级，目前手机像素的尺寸还远远大于显示波长，所以全息三维显示技术通过手机或电脑屏幕等来实现，目前还不现实。
采用微柱镜阵列(Lenticular Lens)的技术方案是实现三维显示的一个可能的实现途径，采用这个技术方案，周常河发明了三维身份证(专利号：201210253349.7)。这个技术方案的优点是结构简单，实现容易，适合身份证等静态物体的显示，但仅有两个视点，不太适合动态物体的三维立体显示。
采用偏振编码，实现三维显示也是一种可能的技术途径，目前三维电影往往采用的是这个技术方案，但这个技术需要佩戴偏光眼镜，这对于日常生活观看立体显示不太方便，也不便于大规模推广。
采用多视点的三维立体显示，是将屏幕的每一个像素点发出光投射到不同的视点位置，通过不同的视点，实现三维立体显示，特别是随着高分辨率手机屏幕的推广，多视点的三维立体显示就有前途。
问题是，手机屏幕上的每一个点都投射到不同的视点，就需要采用不同密度光栅，其光栅密度是连续变化的，从非常低的线密度到超过千线的光栅密度，这样的光栅很难做到高效率、偏振无关、而且宽带，可以满足屏幕像素点的红绿蓝三色光 的要求，如果做出闪耀光栅，或者连续灰度变化的光栅，是很难的，其加工过程很难精确控制，保证加工的连续光栅具有好的性能。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种三维多视点显示装置及制造方法，利用双层光栅实现高效率、偏振无关的三维显示。采用双层光栅的结构，巧妙的解决了宽带、偏振无关、高效率衍射的难题，具有重要的应用前景。
双层光栅包括转向光栅和像素光栅。第一层光栅是转向光栅，其目的是将发自屏幕的小角度发射光实现偏转，将其零级衍射光降低，以减少对视窗内三维显示的干扰，而负一级衍射光达到最大值；第二层像素光栅是将第一层的负一级衍射光衍射到所期望的多视点窗口内，实现三维多视点显示的效果。
本发明的技术解决方案如下：
一种三维多视点显示装置，其特点在于，沿光线方向依次包括显示屏幕和三维多视点显示光栅，所述的三维多视点显示光栅由第一层的转向光栅和第二层的像素光栅构成，所述的转向光栅对发自显示屏幕的每个像素的发射光实现偏转，将零级衍射光光强降低，负一级衍射光光强上升；所述的像素光栅将负一级衍射光衍射到多视点三维视窗的多视角区域，实现三维多视点显示。
所述的显示屏幕是手机屏幕、电脑屏幕、平板电脑屏幕、电视屏幕，或其它任何类型的显示屏幕。
所述的转向光栅可以是通过光栅设计具有不同分布结构的倾斜光栅，包括通过优化的膜层、光栅栅距d 1、开口比f 1、栅槽h 1、光栅倾角θ 1，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带、高效率衍射到负一级的光束转向性能。
所述的转向光栅也可以是闪耀光栅，该闪耀光栅通过光栅设计具有优化的光栅槽型，包括优化的膜层、光栅栅距d 1、开口比f 1、栅槽h 1、光栅倾角θ 1，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带、高效率衍射到负一级的光束转向性能。。
所述的转向光栅还可以是连续灰度光栅，该连续灰度光栅通过光栅设计具有优化的灰度分布槽型，包括优化的膜层、灰度分布、深度，实现高的衍射效率、宽带、偏振无关的光束转向。
所述的像素光栅通过光栅设计具体结构，在不同的光栅开口比情况下，不同的光栅槽深深度，会有不同的光栅衍射效率，以实现宽带、偏振无关的光束衍射到多视角区域，实现三维多视角显示效果。
上述三维多视点显示装置的制造方法：所述的转向光栅和像素光栅由激光直写***曝光而获得，或激光全息的双光束干涉***曝光而获得，还可以通过电子束***直写掩膜曝光，再通过显影、刻蚀而获得。
本发明利用双层光栅实现高效率、偏振无关的三维显示。双层光栅包括第一层转向光栅和第二层像素光栅。第一层光栅是转向光栅，其目的是将发自屏幕的小角度发射光实现偏转，将其零级衍射光降低，以减少对视窗内三维显示的干扰，而负一级衍射光达到最大值；第二层像素光栅是将第一层的负一级衍射光衍射到所期望的多视点窗口内，实现三维多视点显示的效果。本发明可以由显示屏幕平面上的每个像素衍射到多视点三维视窗，实现宽带、偏振无关的光束衍射到多视点区域，实现三维多视点显示效果。
所述的三维多视点显示双层光栅的组合衍射效率高，偏振无关，可以大批量生产和复制，将会在三维显示屏幕领域广泛使用，是三维显示屏幕领域有重要前途的一个核心关键技术。
附图说明
图1本发明三维多视点显示装置实现三维显示的原理图。
图2转向光栅的一种可能实施例示意图。
图3像素光栅的一种可能实施例示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
先请参阅图1，图1为本发明三维多视点显示装置实现三维显示的原理图，由图可见，本发明三维多视点显示装置，沿光线方向依次包括显示屏幕1、三维多视点显示光栅，多视点三维视窗4构成，所述的三维多视点显示光栅由第一层转向光栅2和第二层像素光栅3构成，所述的转向光栅2是倾斜光栅、闪耀光栅或连续灰度光栅；所述的像素光栅3对应于所述的显示屏幕1上的每个像素，将所述的显示屏幕1的每个像素发出的红绿蓝三色光衍射到所述的多视点三维视窗4的多视角区域，实现三维多视点显示。
所述的显示屏幕1是手机屏幕、电脑屏幕、平板电脑屏幕、电视屏幕，或其它任何类型的显示屏幕。
所述的转向光栅2是通过光栅设计具有不同分布结构的倾斜光栅，包括通过优 化的膜层、光栅栅距d 1、开口比f 1、栅槽h 1、光栅倾角θ 1，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带、高效率衍射到负一级的光束转向性能。
所述的转向光栅2是闪耀光栅，该闪耀光栅通过光栅设计具有优化的光栅槽型，包括优化的膜层、光栅栅距d 1、开口比f 1、栅槽h 1、光栅倾角θ 1，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带、高效率衍射到负一级的光束转向性能。
所述的转向光栅2是连续灰度光栅，该连续灰度光栅通过光栅设计具有优化的灰度分布槽型，包括优化的膜层、灰度分布、深度，实现高的衍射效率、宽带、偏振无关的光束转向。
所述的像素光栅3通过光栅设计具体结构，在不同的光栅开口比情况下，不同的光栅槽深深度，会有不同的光栅衍射效率，以实现宽带、偏振无关的光束衍射到多视角区域，实现三维多视角显示效果。
上述三维多视点显示装置的制造方法，所述的转向光栅2和像素光栅3由激光直写***曝光而获得，或激光全息的双光束干涉***曝光而获得，还可以通过电子束***直写掩膜曝光，再通过显影、刻蚀而获得。
三维多视点显示装置由显示屏幕与三维多视角显示光栅组合连接在一起，产生了多视角三维显示的效果。
如图1所示，图1为本发明三维多视点显示装置实现三维显示的原理图。1为显示屏幕，其可以是手机屏幕、电脑屏幕、电视屏幕，或者其它类型的显示屏幕；2为转向光栅，其目的是将显示屏幕发出的小角度发射光在负一级方向上偏转一个角度；3是像素光栅，其目的是将转向光栅的负一级衍射光再反转衍射到多视点视窗4内，实现三维显示的效果。4是多视点三维视窗，来自显示屏幕1发出的光，经过转向光栅2和像素光栅3后，最终到达多视点三维视窗4内。5是显示屏幕1发出的光线；6是经过转向光栅2后的倾斜光线；7是经过像素光栅3后投射往多视点三维视窗4的光线。
三维多视点显示光栅由转向光栅2、像素光栅3组合而成，其中的转向光栅2可以是倾斜光栅，闪耀光栅或连续灰度光栅；其中的像素光栅3对应于显示屏幕上的每个像素，将显示屏幕每个像素发出的红绿蓝三色光衍射到多视点显示区域，实现了三维显示效果。
如图2所示，图2转向光栅的一种可能实施例示意图:例如，优化的光栅栅距d 1范围为400nm-2000nm,开口比f 1范围为0.1-0.9，栅槽h 1范围为几个微米之内，光栅倾角θ 1可以为任意角度，优化范围为5°-40°，以此实现高效率、偏振无关、同 时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的高效率衍射到负一级。其中开口比f 1定义为光栅槽宽与周期的比值，图中没有标识。来自屏幕的光线5经过转向光栅后，负一级衍射为光线6。
转向光栅2可以是倾斜光栅，倾斜光栅可以有不同分布结构，例如，优化的膜层及光栅开口比、光栅槽深，以实现高的衍射效率，并具有偏振无关的性能；通过光栅设计可以实现宽带、偏振无关的光束转向。例如，所述的转向光栅可以是倾斜光栅，倾斜光栅可以有优化的光栅槽型，例如，优化的基底膜层201，基底202，光栅倾角θ 1、开口比f 1、光栅槽深h 1，光栅膜层203，实现高的衍射效率，并具有偏振无关的性能；通过光栅设计可以实现宽带、偏振无关的光束转向。基底膜层201(或匹配屏幕像素与转向光栅之间高效率耦合层)，光栅膜层203(或匹配转向光栅与像素光栅之间高效率耦合层)，其目的是对屏幕像素发出红绿蓝三色光有高的透过率，例如，高于95％；光栅倾角θ 1可以是任意角度，其目的使屏幕像素发出光的负一级衍射的光栅衍射效率很高，并且零级光和正一级光很弱；光栅槽深h 1在对应红绿蓝的几个波长之内；光栅设计和制造目的是实现高的偏振无关的衍射效率，同时具有高的信噪比，也就是低的零级光与正一级衍射光。
所述的转向光栅2可以是连续灰度光栅，连续灰度光栅可以有优化的灰度分布槽型，例如，优化的膜层及灰度分布、深度，会实现高的衍射效率，并具有偏振无关的性能；通过光栅设计可以实现宽带、偏振无关的光束转向。膜层201，203的目的是对屏幕像素发出红绿蓝三色光有高的透过率，例如，高于95％；光栅槽深在对应红绿蓝的几个波长之内；光栅的设计和制造目的是实现高的偏振无关的衍射效率。
参见图3，图3是像素光栅3的一种可能实施例示意图。通过优化连续变化光栅栅距d 2、开口比f 2、光栅槽深h 2，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带高效率衍射到多视点视窗内。其中开口比f 2定义为光栅槽宽与周期的比值，图中没有标识。通过转向光栅的光线6，经过像素光栅后，衍射光线为7，投射往视窗4。所述的像素光栅3可能具有具体分布结构，优化的基底膜层301，基底302，光栅倾角θ 2、开口比f 2、光栅槽深h 2，光栅膜层303，在不同的光栅开口比f 2情况下，不同的光栅槽深h 2，会有不同的光栅衍射效率，通过光栅设计可以实现将显示屏幕1的每个像素发出的红绿蓝三色光衍射到所述的多视点三维视窗4的多视点区域，实现三维多视点显示。优化的基底膜层301透过率高于95％；光栅倾角θ 2为任意角度，优化范围为5°-40°；开口比f 2优化范围为0.1-0.9，光栅槽深h 2优化范围为几个微米之内，光栅膜层303透过率高于95％，在不同的光栅开口比f 2情况下，不同的光栅槽深h 2，会有不同的光栅衍射效率，优化后的衍射效率范围可以在60％--100％。所述的三维多视点显示装置由显示屏幕和三维显示双层光栅组合而成， 组合完成后，显示屏幕上每个像素都会衍射到不同视点中，实现三维多视点显示效果。
三维多视点双层显示装置是一个新型三维显示装置，其优点在于巧妙地利用双层光栅来实现高效率衍射，消除以往单层光栅零级光对视窗内信号的干扰，实现三维多视点显示的需求。例如，采用体全息可以实现将屏幕光衍射到多视点视窗的需求，但体全息材料往往难以实现宽带高效率与连续可调衍射角等需求，而体全息材料的长期稳定性与大批量生产的一致性也很难保证。采用单层连续灰度、连续变化密度光栅或闪耀连续偏转角度光栅，也面临加工的一致性与高效率、偏振无关、连续可变衍射角等都满足的困难。
本发明巧妙地利用双层光栅的数值优化结构解决了这些难题。这里所谓的双层光栅的数值优化结构，是指不论是第一层的倾斜光栅，还是第二层的像素光栅，都是可以通过计算机进行“数值”优化而确定的，通过优化，我们可以事先知道每层光栅的性能，通过光栅结构的优化，对三基色的带宽、偏振无关、效率、偏转角度等进行修正和补偿，达到我们所期望的三维多视点显示的需求。这为我们提供了一个前所未有的、实现三维多视点显示的工具，由此实现数值可控的衍射功能，成为三维显示领域一个革命性的实现技术手段。
本发明可以应用于所有各种类型的平面显示屏幕，使其实现三维显示的功能，将在三维显示领域发挥不可替代的重要作用。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，沿光线方向依次包括显示屏幕(1)和三维多视点显示光栅，所述的三维多视点显示光栅由第一层的转向光栅(2)和第二层的像素光栅(3)构成，所述的转向光栅(2)对发自显示屏幕(1)的每个像素的发射光实现偏转，将零级衍射光光强降低，负一级衍射光光强上升；所述的像素光栅(3)将负一级衍射光衍射到多视点三维视窗(4)的多视角区域，实现三维多视点显示。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，所述的显示屏幕(1)是具有显示功能的屏幕，包括手机屏幕、电脑屏幕、平板电脑屏幕、或电视屏幕。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，所述的转向光栅(2)是倾斜光栅、闪耀光栅或连续灰度光栅。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，所述的倾斜光栅是通过光栅设计具有不同分布结构，包括通过优化的膜层(或过渡材料用于匹配屏幕发光像素)、光栅栅距d 1、开口比f 1、栅槽h 1、光栅倾角θ 1，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带高效率衍射到负一级的光束转向性能。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，所述的闪耀光栅是通过光栅设计具有优化的光栅槽型，包括优化的膜层、光栅栅距d 1、开口比f 1、栅槽h 1、光栅倾角θ 1，实现高效率、偏振无关、同时对屏幕像素的红绿蓝三基色的宽带高效率衍射到负一级的光束转向性能。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，所述的连续灰度光栅是通过光栅设计具有优化的灰度分布槽型，包括优化的膜层、灰度分布、深度，实现高的衍射效率、宽带、偏振无关的光束转向。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的三维多视点显示装置，其特征在于，所述的像素光栅(3)通过光栅设计，可以在不同的光栅开口比情况下，不同的光栅槽深深度，会有不同的光栅衍射效率，以实现宽带、偏振无关的光束衍射到多视点区域，实现三维多视点显示效果。
  8. 一种三维多视点显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，转向光栅(2)和像素光栅(3)由激光直写***曝光而获得，或激光全息的双光束干涉***曝光而获得，还可以通过电子束***直写掩膜曝光，再通过显影、刻蚀而获得。
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