WO2022048591A1 - 铝棒浇铸成型设备及其加工工艺 - Google Patents

铝棒浇铸成型设备及其加工工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048591A1
WO2022048591A1 PCT/CN2021/116187 CN2021116187W WO2022048591A1 WO 2022048591 A1 WO2022048591 A1 WO 2022048591A1 CN 2021116187 W CN2021116187 W CN 2021116187W WO 2022048591 A1 WO2022048591 A1 WO 2022048591A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
head
casting
aluminum
crystallizing
die plate
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PCT/CN2021/116187
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张昊羽
胡宜新
张建军
周福海
徐伟
吴正东
赵东
吴志兴
顾亚
翟飞
陈文宝
沈非凡
Original Assignee
江苏双友智能装备科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022048591A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048591A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/147—Multi-strand plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/103—Distributing the molten metal, e.g. using runners, floats, distributors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B22D11/1246—Nozzles; Spray heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of casting molding equipment, in particular to an aluminum rod casting molding equipment and a processing technology thereof.
  • Castings are metal forming objects obtained by various casting methods, that is, the smelted liquid metal is injected into the pre-prepared casting mold by pouring, injection, suction or other casting methods, and after cooling, after grinding and other subsequent processing methods. , the resulting object of certain shape, size and properties.
  • crystallization forming is the core technology.
  • the aluminum rod forming equipment in the prior art has complex structure, difficult manufacturing and processing, troublesome operation and high cost.
  • the present applicant provides an aluminum rod casting and forming equipment and a processing technology thereof, so that the processing of the aluminum rod can be conveniently completed, and the work efficiency is high and the forming effect is good.
  • An aluminum rod casting and forming equipment includes a fixed frame, a plurality of adjacent die plate units are installed above the fixed frame, and a plurality of crystallization heads are arranged below each die plate unit, and the die plate units pass through.
  • the molten aluminum is injected into the crystallizing head, a ventilation valve is provided on one side of each crystallizing head, and a dummy head lifting platform is installed at the bottom of the fixed frame.
  • a plurality of dummy heads are installed on the dummy head lifting platform, each The dummy head corresponds to each crystallizing head one-to-one.
  • the bottom of the dummy head lifting platform is provided with a lifting oil cylinder. When the dummy head lifting platform rises, each dummy head extends into each crystallizing head. Cooling measures are applied in the process of controlling the dummy head lifting platform to slowly descend to form an aluminum rod; a control box is installed on the fixed frame and the die plate unit.
  • the structure of the fixed frame includes: a base 1 and a base 2 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, a connecting beam 1 and a connecting beam 2 are vertically installed between the base 1 and the base 2, the base 1, the base 2, and the connecting beam 1
  • the second connecting beam and the connecting beam form a square structure, the inner sides of the connecting beam 1 and the connecting beam 2 are fixed with platforms, and the middle parts of the base 1 and the base 2 are both installed with positioning plates.
  • the first base and the second base have the same structure, both of which are hollow square tubes.
  • the bottoms of the two ends of the base one and the second base are provided with water injection ports. It communicates with the bottom of the die plate unit.
  • the structure of a single die plate unit is as follows: it includes a die plate body, and the bottom of the die plate body is provided with a plurality of crystallization heads that are evenly arranged and distributed through a support member and a support plate, and a shunt cavity is arranged below the die plate body, and each shunt cavity is arranged under the die plate body.
  • the cavities are communicated with each other, and the bottom surface of each shunt cavity is provided with a flow channel, and the flow channel communicates with the crystallizing head; the top surface of the mold plate body is also provided with a mold plate cover.
  • the installation structure of the mold plate cover is as follows: the bottom surface of the mold plate cover is provided with a high temperature resistant hollow silica gel sealing ring, and the mold plate cover is also installed with a turning device for controlling opening and closing.
  • the right-angle plate on the top surface of the disk cover is installed with a connecting rod, and a rotating rod is arranged parallel to the connecting rod.
  • a fixing block is arranged in the middle of the connecting shaft, and the connecting rod and the rotating rod pass through the fixing block; end plates are arranged at both ends of the die plate cover, and an electric push rod is fixed on the outside of one end plate, and the electric push rod is fixed on the outside of the end plate.
  • the output end of the push rod is connected with a crank, and the crank is fixed with the connecting shaft.
  • One end of the shunt chamber is provided with an evacuation port, and the bottom of the shunt chamber has a cooling cavity, and the cooling cavity is distributed in the gap between two adjacent crystallizing heads.
  • One side of the aluminum water inlet of the die plate unit is provided with a casting shunt, and the structure of the casting shunt is as follows: including a rectangular trough body, the top surface of the rectangular trough body is provided with a cover, and the interior of the rectangular trough body is respectively provided with a No. 2 inflow inlet, No. 2 inflow inlet and No. 3 inflow inlet, one end of the rectangular tank body is provided with an aluminum water inlet channel in the middle, and the other end of the rectangular tank body is provided with a connecting flange outside, the connecting flange is connected with the same time.
  • the ports of the three die plate units are fixed.
  • the matching structure of a single crystallizing head and a single dummy head is as follows: a dummy head is fitted inside the crystallizing head, and a cavity for introducing aluminum water is correspondingly enclosed between the inner bottom surface of the crystallizing head and the upper part of the dummy head. By applying cooling measures, while the dummy head is moved downward by an external power device, the aluminum rod is formed in the gradually increasing cavity;
  • the structure of a single crystallizing head is as follows: it includes an outer mold, an air inlet graphite ring is fitted on the upper part of the inner wall surface of the outer mold, an oil inlet graphite ring is installed above the air inlet graphite ring, and a lower oil inlet graphite ring is installed on the top of the oil inlet graphite ring.
  • a clamping ring, the inner part of the lower clamping ring is fitted with a hot top, the lower clamping ring is locked with the outer mold by a fastener, and an upper clamping ring is also installed on the upper part of the hot top, and the upper clamping ring is The hot top is stabilized under the cooperation of the ring and the lower clamping ring.
  • the bottom of the hot top is provided with an inverted conical structure, a through hole is opened in the middle of the hot top, and a gap is formed between the bottom of the hot top and the bottom surface of the dummy head.
  • the lower part of the inner wall surface of the outer mold is fitted with a water ring mold; the circumferential wall surface below the outer mold is provided with a plurality of evenly spaced water inlet holes; the bottom of the outer mold is provided with an outwardly extending flange
  • the flange is provided with a locking hole, and the flange is connected with the die plate unit through fasteners;
  • the structure of a single dummy head is as follows: including a cylindrical structure, the top surface of the cylindrical structure is provided with a circle of outer edges in the circumferential direction, and a vertical upward small circular truncated structure is set in the middle of the top surface of the cylindrical structure. A cavity is formed on the outside of the structure and the inside of the outer edge. When the dummy head is matched with the crystallizing head, the cavity and the bottom of the hot top are the forming area of the aluminum rod;
  • a plurality of guide heads are arranged at intervals on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical structure, and the structure of the guide heads includes a rectangular parallelepiped structure located below and a triangular block located above.
  • the structure of the dummy head lifting platform is as follows: including a lifting frame arranged in parallel at intervals, both ends of the lifting frame are installed with lifting fixed shafts, a spaced connecting frame is installed between the two lifting frames, and two connecting frames are installed. A plurality of sets of dummy head welding bracket assemblies are installed on the lifting frame between them.
  • the structure of a single dummy head welding bracket assembly is as follows: including support bars supported on two lift frames respectively, and two ends of the support bars are respectively provided with supports The two support bars are spaced with strip plates, and a single strip plate is provided with rectangular grooves evenly spaced, each rectangular groove is clamped into a small column, and the outer side of each small column is provided with a circular Grooves, a fixed spacer is installed on the top surface of each small column, a convex-shaped connecting piece is installed between the two strip plates, the dummy head is installed on the spacer block through fasteners, and the dummy head can be fixed on the spacer block. It moves horizontally in a small range, and when entering the crystal head, it adapts to the position of the crystal head under the action of the guide head.
  • a processing technology of aluminum rod casting molding equipment comprising the following operation steps:
  • the first step is to fill the mold plate:
  • the electric push rod works to control the mold plate cover of each mold plate unit to be in a closed and sealed state, and then the aluminum water enters each mold plate unit from the casting shunt, and then enters each crystallization head, and the temperature is controlled above the liquidus line , pure aluminum is 660°C;
  • the ventilation valves on the side of the crystal head are all closed.
  • the system also supplies gas to the liquid surface through the ventilation channel on the hot top;
  • the two porous graphite rings under the hot top immediately start to supply lubricating oil, namely the oil inlet graphite ring and the inlet graphite ring, and the inlet graphite ring acts as the crystal head wall at the same time;
  • the crystallizing head is in the water-cooling mode, and the cooling water enters the die plate unit from the water injection port and the water outlet of the fixed frame, and flows through the back of the crystallizing head wall, so as to cool the crystallizing head wall;
  • the cooling of the aluminum water by the crystal head wall is called primary cooling.
  • the liquid aluminum water contacts the crystal head wall, and begins to solidify when cooled, forming a thin solidified layer.
  • the metal shrinks and the solidified layer is formed. Pull away from the crystal head wall,
  • the cooling water in the cooling chamber enters the crystallizing head through a plurality of evenly spaced water inlet holes, and forms a water ring with a set spray direction in the crystallizing head, which is sprayed on the surface of the just-solidified aluminum rod. This is direct cooling or secondary cooling.
  • the thickness of the shell layer continues to increase until finally the entire cross-section of the ingot solidifies
  • the die plate unit Before casting starts, the die plate unit is at the set starting position. After the filling of the aluminum water in the shunt cavity in the die plate unit is completed, it starts to rise immediately, and negative pressure is formed inside until it reaches the stable stage position;
  • the liquid level in the casting shunt tank outside reaches the set height, open the independent ventilation valve on each crystal head, at this time, the surface of the molten aluminum in the crystal head is connected to the atmosphere, and the liquid level in the crystal head and the casting shunt tank are connected.
  • the liquid level is the same, so the liquid level of aluminum water in the casting unit can be controlled by adjusting the liquid level of aluminum water in the casting shunt, so as to enter the low-pressure casting mode, and continue to cast until the end;
  • the fourth step is to terminate the casting and empty the casting runner:
  • the liquid level in the casting runner will automatically decrease, reducing the negative pressure.
  • the aluminum water supply inside the crystal head will be interrupted; the casting speed and cooling water flow will decrease until they stop.
  • the invention has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation.
  • the aluminum water enters through the die plate unit, and the crystallization head at the bottom of the die plate unit and the dummy head on the dummy head lifting platform cooperate and control at the same time, so that the aluminum rod can be conveniently completed. It has a good natural and continuous forming process, good forming effect and high work efficiency. At the same time, it is formed and cooled by the combination of oil, gas and water, and the processing quality of aluminum rods is excellent.
  • the fixed frame of the present invention has better fixing effect and good stability.
  • the fixed frame is made of hollow tubes at the same time, and the cooling water is transported through its own frame structure.
  • the die plate unit of the present invention has good sealing function, can generate negative pressure inside, and can bring cooling crystallization to aluminum water, and the crystallization effect is good.
  • the casting runner of the present invention can evenly distribute aluminum water, which brings great portability to the work of the die plate unit.
  • the lifting platform of the dummy head of the invention is the installation platform of the dummy head, which controls the lifting and lowering of the whole platform, which can conveniently realize the cooperation between each dummy head and each crystallizing head, and has a good guiding function at the same time. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of the fixing frame of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the base 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a die plate unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the die plate unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the die plate unit of the present invention (a state in which the die plate cover is opened).
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the die plate unit of the present invention (the die plate cover is closed).
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a casting runner according to the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a rear view of the casting runner of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a top view of the casting runner according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the crystal head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a single group of crystallizing heads and dummy heads according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a single set of crystallizing heads and a dummy head in cooperation with each other according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram from another perspective when a single set of crystallizing heads and dummy heads are matched according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a single crystal head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer mold of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the outer mold of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the structure of the dummy head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the dummy head of the present invention from another perspective.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the dummy head lifting platform of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-group dummy head welding bracket assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a front view (internal structure) of the dummy head lifting platform of the present invention.
  • 301 die plate cover; 302, right-angle plate; 303, connecting rod; 304, rotating rod; 305, connecting shaft; 306, fixing block; 307, die plate body; 308, end plate; 309, electric push rod; 310, Crank; 311, shunt chamber; 312, flow channel; 313, high temperature resistant hollow silicone sealing ring; 314, cooling chamber; 315, vacuum port;
  • 501 lifting frame; 502, connecting frame; 503, lifting fixed shaft; 504, dummy head welding bracket assembly; 505, support bar; 506, support hole; 507, strip plate; 508, small column; 509, circular groove; 510, convex-shaped connecting piece; 511, rectangular groove; 512, fixed pad.
  • 601 through hole; 602, hot top; 603, upper clamping ring; 604, lower clamping ring; 605, oil inlet graphite ring; 606, inlet graphite ring; 607, outer mold; 608, water inlet hole; 609 , water ring die; 610, flange edge; 611, locking hole; 612, inclined surface; 613, protrusion;
  • the aluminum rod casting and forming equipment of this embodiment includes a fixed frame 1 , and a plurality of adjacent die plate units 3 are installed above the fixed frame 1 , and each die plate unit 3 is provided below There are a plurality of crystallization heads 6 distributed, the aluminum water passed into the die plate unit 3 is injected into the crystallization heads 6, a ventilation valve is provided on the side of each crystallization head 6, and a dummy head lifting platform 5 is installed at the bottom of the fixed frame 1.
  • a plurality of dummy heads 7 are installed on the dummy head lifting platform 5, each dummy head 7 is in one-to-one correspondence with each crystallizing head 6, the bottom of the dummy head lifting platform 5 is provided with a lifting oil cylinder, and the dummy head lifts and lowers When the platform 5 rises, each dummy head 7 extends into each crystallization head 6, and cooling measures are applied during the crystallization process to control the dummy head lifting platform 5 to slowly descend to form an aluminum rod; the fixed frame 1 and the die plate A control box 2 is mounted on the unit 3 .
  • the structure of the fixed frame 1 is as follows: including a base 1 102 and a base 2 108 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, a connecting beam 1 101 and a connecting beam 2 104 are vertically installed between the base 1 102 and the base 2 108, the base 1 102, the base 2 108, The first connecting beam 101 and the second connecting beam 104 form a square structure.
  • the inner sides of the connecting beam one 101 and the second connecting beam 104 are fixed with a platform 103 , and the middle parts of the base one 102 and the base two 108 are installed with a positioning plate 105 .
  • the first base 102 and the second base 108 have the same structure, both of which are hollow square tubes.
  • the bottoms of both ends of the base one 102 and the second base 108 are provided with water injection ports 106, and the upper surfaces of the base one 102 and the base two 108 are provided with multiple
  • the water outlet 107 communicates with the bottom of the die plate unit 3 .
  • the structure of a single die plate unit 3 is: including a die plate body 307, the bottom of the die plate body 307 is equipped with a plurality of uniformly arranged and distributed crystallization heads 6 through a support member and a support plate, and a shunt cavity 311 is provided below the die plate body 307.
  • the shunt cavities 311 communicate with each other, the bottom surface of each shunt cavity 311 is provided with a flow channel 312, and the flow channel 312 communicates with the crystallizing head 6;
  • the installation structure of the mold plate cover 301 is as follows: the bottom surface of the mold plate cover 301 is provided with a high temperature resistant hollow silica gel sealing ring 313, and the mold plate cover 301 is also installed with a turning device for controlling opening and closing.
  • the specific structure of the turning device is: including a fixed On the right-angle plate 302 on the top surface of the die plate cover 301, a connecting rod 303 is installed on the right-angle plate 302, and a rotating rod 304 is arranged in parallel with the connecting rod 303.
  • a connecting shaft 305 is provided, a fixing block 306 is arranged in the middle of the connecting shaft 305, and the connecting rod 303 and the rotating rod 304 pass through the fixing block 306; end plates 308 are arranged at both ends of the die plate cover 301, and one of the end plates 308 An electric push rod 309 is fixed on the outside of the electric push rod 309 , and the output end of the electric push rod 309 is connected with a crank 310 , and the crank 310 is fixed with the connecting shaft 305 .
  • One end of the shunt chamber 311 is provided with a vacuum port 315 , and the bottom of the shunt chamber 311 has a cooling chamber 314 , and the cooling chambers 314 are distributed in the gap between two adjacent crystallization heads 6 .
  • One side of the aluminum water inlet of the die plate unit 3 is provided with a casting shunt 4, and the structure of the casting shunt 4 is as follows: including a rectangular trough body, the top surface of the rectangular trough body is provided with a cover 401, and the interior of the rectangular trough body is respectively provided with a No. 4 inflow port 402, No. 2 inflow port 405 and No. 3 inflow port 406, one end of the rectangular tank body is provided with an aluminum water inlet channel 404 in the middle, and the other end of the rectangular tank body is provided with a connecting flange 403 outside. At the same time, it is fixed to the ports of the three die plate units 3 .
  • the matching structure of a single crystallizing head 6 and a single dummy head 7 is as follows: the interior of the crystallizing head 6 is fitted with a dummy head 7, and the inner bottom surface of the crystallizing head 6 and the upper part of the dummy head 7 are correspondingly surrounded by molten aluminum. By applying cooling measures, the dummy head 7 moves down through the external power device to form an aluminum rod in the gradually increasing cavity;
  • the structure of a single crystallizing head 6 is as follows: including an outer mold 607, the upper part of the inner wall surface of the outer mold 607 is fitted with an inlet graphite ring 606, the upper part of the inlet graphite ring 606 is an oil inlet graphite ring 605, and the top of the oil inlet graphite ring 605 is A lower clamping ring 604 is installed, the inner part of the lower clamping ring 604 is fitted with a hot top 602, the lower clamping ring 604 is locked with the outer mold 607 by fasteners, and an upper clamping ring 603 is also installed on the upper part of the hot top 602.
  • the hot top 602 is stabilized.
  • the bottom of the hot top 602 is provided with an inverted conical structure, the middle of the hot top 602 is provided with a through hole 601, and the bottom of the hot top 602 is provided with a through hole 601.
  • a gap is formed with the bottom surface of the dummy head 7; the lower part of the inner wall surface of the outer die 607 is fitted with a water ring die 609;
  • the bottom is provided with a flange edge 610 extending outward, a locking hole 611 is opened on the flange edge 610, and the flange edge 610 is connected with the die plate unit 3 through fasteners;
  • the structure of the single dummy head 7 is as follows: it includes a cylindrical structure 704, the top surface of the cylindrical structure 704 is provided with a circle of outer edges 703 in the circumferential direction, and a small circular table structure 702 that is vertically upward is provided in the middle of the top surface of the cylindrical structure 704, A cavity 701 is formed on the outside of the small circular truncated structure 702 and the inside of the outer edge 703.
  • the cavity 701 and the hot top 607 are below the forming area of the aluminum rod;
  • a plurality of guide heads are arranged at intervals on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical structure 704, and the guide heads are structured as follows: a rectangular parallelepiped structure 706 located at the bottom and a triangular block 705 located at the top.
  • the structure of the dummy head lifting platform 5 is as follows: including a lifting frame 501 arranged in parallel at intervals, both ends of the lifting frame 501 are installed with lifting fixed shafts 503, and a spaced connecting frame 502 is installed between the two lifting frames 501.
  • a plurality of sets of dummy head welding bracket assemblies 504 are installed on the lifting frame 501 between the connecting frames 502.
  • the structure of a single dummy head welding bracket assembly 504 is: including support bars 505 respectively supported on two lifting frames 501, supporting Both ends of the strip 505 are respectively provided with support holes 506, strip plates 507 are distributed on the two support strips 505 at intervals, and a single strip plate 507 is provided with rectangular grooves 511 evenly spaced apart.
  • a circular groove 509 is provided on the outer side of each small pillar 508 , a fixed spacer 512 is installed on the top surface of each small pillar 508 , and a convex-shaped connecting piece 510 is installed between the two strip plates 507 , the dummy head 7 is installed on the spacer block 512 by fasteners, the dummy head 7 can move horizontally in a small range in the fixed spacer block 512, and when entering the crystal head 6, it adapts to the crystal head 6 under the action of the guide head.
  • the outer mold 607 is in the form of a hollow cylinder, a circle of protrusions 613 is provided in the middle of the inner wall surface of the outer mold 607 , and a slope 612 is provided on the lower edge of the protrusions 613 .
  • connecting column 709 in the middle of the bottom surface of the cylindrical structure 704 , and a nut 710 is installed on the connecting column 709 .
  • a dimple 708 is provided on the circumferential wall of the cylindrical structure 704 .
  • the cylindrical structure 704 is provided with a process circular hole 707 .
  • One end of the outer mold 607 is provided with air holes, and the other end is provided with oil holes.
  • the material of the outer die 607 and the water ring die 609 is forged aluminum alloy 6082.
  • the refractory module above the crystallizing head 6 and the hot top 602 play the role of heat insulation and form a molten aluminum pool.
  • the first step is to fill the mold plate:
  • the electric push rod 309 works to control the mold plate cover 301 of each mold plate unit 3 to be in a closed and sealed state, and then the molten aluminum enters each mold plate unit 3 from the casting shunt 4, and then enters each crystallizing head 6. Control The temperature is above the liquidus, and the pure aluminum is 660°C;
  • the ventilation valves on the side of the crystallizing head 6 are all closed.
  • the system also supplies gas to the liquid surface through the ventilation channel on the hot top 602;
  • the two porous graphite rings below the hot top 602 immediately start to supply lubricating oil, namely the oil inlet graphite ring 605 and the inlet graphite ring 606, and the inlet graphite ring 606 simultaneously acts as the crystal head wall;
  • the crystallizing head 6 is in a water-cooling mode, and the cooling water enters the die plate unit 3 from the water injection port 106 and the water outlet 107 of the fixed frame 1, and flows through the rear of the wall of the crystallizing head 6, thereby cooling the crystallizing head wall;
  • the cooling of the aluminum water by the crystal head wall is called primary cooling.
  • the liquid aluminum water contacts the crystal head wall, and begins to solidify when cooled, forming a thin solidified layer.
  • the metal shrinks and the solidified layer is formed. Pull away from the crystal head wall,
  • the cooling water in the cooling chamber 314 enters the crystallizing head 6 through a plurality of evenly spaced water inlet holes 608, and forms a water ring with a set spray direction in the crystallizing head 6, which is sprayed on the surface of the just-solidified aluminum rod.
  • the thickness of the shell layer continues to increase until finally the entire cross-section of the ingot solidifies
  • the die plate unit 3 Before casting starts, the die plate unit 3 is at the set starting position. After the filling of the aluminum water in the shunt cavity 311 of the die plate unit 3 is completed, it starts to rise immediately, and negative pressure is formed inside until it reaches the stable stage position;
  • the liquid level in the outer casting runner 4 When the liquid level in the outer casting runner 4 reaches the set height, open the independent ventilation valve on each crystal head 6. At this time, the surface of the aluminum water in the crystal head 6 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the liquid level in the crystal head 6 is the same as that of the atmosphere.
  • the liquid level of the casting shunt 4 is the same, so the aluminum water level in the casting unit in the stable stage can be controlled by adjusting the aluminum water level of the casting shunt 4, thereby entering the low-pressure casting mode, and continuing to cast until the end;
  • the fourth step is to terminate the casting and empty the casting runner 4:
  • the liquid level in the casting runner 4 will automatically decrease, reducing the negative pressure.
  • the aluminum water supply inside the crystallizing head 6 will be interrupted; the casting speed and cooling water flow will decrease until stop.
  • the function of the fixed frame 1 to provide a platform for the preliminary mold clamping of the crystallizing head 6 and the dummy head 7.
  • the die plate As the installation platform of the die plate unit 3, the die plate is positioned on the moving car, and the cooling water is allowed to enter the die plate through the internal channel of the frame for cooling.
  • the function of the die plate unit 3 evenly distribute the aluminum water, so that the aluminum water is cooled and formed in the crystal head 6.
  • the composition of the die plate unit 3 electric push rod 309, turning device, die plate cover 301, high temperature resistant airtight hollow silica gel sealing ring, fiberboard, crystal head 6, positioning sleeve, O-ring, die plate, heat preservation and refractory material.
  • the electric push rod 309 provides the flipping and capping force for the flipping device, and the flipping device is connected with the mold plate cover 301 (connected by screws, and the mold plate cover 301 has a dovetail groove for installing the high temperature resistant hollow silicone sealing ring 313, the mold plate cover 313).
  • the interior of the 301 is also inlaid with fiberboard.
  • the shunt cavity 311 of the mold plate is installed with heat-insulating refractory material to prevent the molten aluminum from solidifying before it is cast.
  • the crystallizing head 6 is loaded into the cooling cavity 314 of the die plate, and is installed on the bottom surface of the die plate.
  • the electric push rod 309 drives the overturning device so that the mold plate cover 301 is completely attached to the mold plate body 307, and a closed space is formed in the distribution cavity 311 of the mold plate.
  • the vacuuming device is connected through the vacuuming interface at the end of the die plate to form a negative pressure in the shunt cavity 311, and the aluminum water is sucked into the shunt cavity 311 of the die plate from the C port, and then evenly distributed to each crystal head.
  • the die plate unit 3 is installed on the fixed frame 1 through a positioning sleeve, and O-rings are installed at both ends of the positioning sleeve.
  • the cooling water flows into the cooling cavity 314 of the die plate from the D port for solidification and crystallization of aluminum water.
  • the top of the outer mold 607 of the crystallizing head 6 is equipped with an inlet graphite ring 606 and an oil inlet graphite ring 605 to prevent the molten aluminum from directly contacting the crystallizing head 6 and damaging the crystallizing head 6 .
  • the oil inlet graphite ring 605 is connected to lubricating oil, and the inlet graphite ring 606 is connected to a mixture of dry compressed air and argon gas.
  • an oil film can be formed on the inner surface to prevent aluminum water from condensing on the crystal head 6, and it can also improve aluminum The finish of the outer surface of the rod.
  • the hot top 602 is fixed on the outer film of the crystallizing head 6 by the upper clamping ring 603 and the lower clamping ring 604, and the aluminum water directly flows in from the hot top 602E port and crystallizes on the cylindrical mold formed at the gas graphite ring.
  • a water trough ring is installed inside the lower part of the outer mold 607 of the crystallizing head 6.
  • the cooling water outside the crystallizing head 6 enters the crystallizing head 6 through the F port for internal measurement. cool down.
  • the function of the casting and distributing trough connect the three die plate units 3, store and distribute the molten aluminum to each die plate unit 3, and each die plate unit 3 can extract the molten aluminum from the same liquid level.
  • the casting distribution trough consists of three parts: the distribution trough, the refractory material, and the pressure plate.
  • the dummy head lifting platform 5 It is mainly composed of four parts: the lifting platform, the bracket, the dummy head 7, and the lifting fixed shaft 503.
  • the lifting fixed shaft 503 cooperates with the fixed frame 1 to play a guiding role, so that the crystallization head 6 and the dummy head 7 are preliminarily closed.
  • the dummy head bracket is used to install the dummy head 7. After the dummy head 7 is installed, it needs to ensure a uniform height. Through the action of the guide block, the radial direction of the dummy head 7 can be adjusted slightly, which is used for the crystallization head 6 before the casting of the aluminum rod. Precise clamping with dummy head 7.
  • the aluminum rod casting die is a device for batch casting aluminum rods of the same specification.
  • the working principle of the aluminum rod casting mold plate through the electrical control, the aluminum water in the casting shunt 4 is effectively sucked into each mold plate unit 3 synchronously, and then evenly distributed to each dummy head 7 to cool and crystallize to form aluminum rods, To achieve batch casting of aluminum rods. Two-step mold clamping is required before the aluminum rod casting mold plate is used:
  • the crystal head 6 and the dummy head can be precisely clamped (the upper plane of the dummy head is in contact with the graphite ring).
  • the equipment After ensuring that the mold clamping is completed (the upper plane of the dummy head 7 is in contact with the graphite ring), the equipment can be started to start casting.
  • the bottom of the dummy head lifting platform 5 is provided with an oil cylinder that drives it to rise or fall.
  • the oil cylinder drives the entire dummy head lifting platform 5 to rise, so that each A dummy head 7 protrudes into the crystallizing head 6 .
  • the initial positions of the single crystallizing head 6 and the dummy head 7 during operation are shown in Figure 18.
  • the molten aluminum enters through the die plate unit 3, and then enters from the through hole 601 of the hot top 602, and the molten aluminum enters the crystallizing head from the through hole 601.
  • the aluminum water slowly solidifies to form an aluminum shell.
  • the dummy head 7 is controlled to move down slowly and gradually, that is, the oil cylinder is driven to work and the entire dummy is controlled.
  • the head lift platform 5 descends, thereby forming a cylindrical aluminum rod.
  • the air-intake graphite ring 606 is evenly mixed with oil, and the water-inlet hole 608 is fed with cooling water, and cooling is performed synchronously, the cooling effect is good, and the molding Works well.
  • the aluminum water is stopped and the aluminum rod can be removed. Use the same method as above to proceed to the next cycle.

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Abstract

铝棒浇铸成型设备及其加工工艺，成型设备包括固定框架（1），固定框架（1）上方安装有多个相邻的模盘单元（3），每个模盘单元（3）的下方均设置有分布的多个结晶头（6），模盘单元（3）通入的铝水注入结晶头（6）中，每个结晶头（6）的一旁设置有通气阀，位于固定框架（1）的底部安装有引锭头升降平台（5），引锭头升降平台（5）上安装有多个引锭头（7），每个引锭头（7）与每个结晶头（6）一一对应，引锭头升降平台（5）的底部设置有升降油缸，引锭头升降平台（5）上升时，每个引锭头（7）伸入至每个结晶头（6）中，在结晶的过程中施加冷却措施，控制引锭头升降平台（5）缓慢下降，形成铝棒；固定框架（1）和模盘单元（3）上安装有控制箱（2）。

Description

铝棒浇铸成型设备及其加工工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及铸造成型设备技术领域，尤其是一种铝棒浇铸成型设备及其加工工艺。
背景技术
铸件是用各种铸造方法获得的金属成型物件，即把冶炼好的液态金属，用浇注、压射、吸入或其它浇铸方法注入预先准备好的铸型中，冷却后经打磨等后续加工手段后，所得到的具有一定形状，尺寸和性能的物件。
技术问题
铝和铝合金熔炼铸造加工过程中，结晶成型是核心技术，现有技术中的铝棒成型设备其结构复杂，制造与加工困难，操作麻烦，成本高。
本申请人针对上述现有生产技术中的缺点，提供一种铝棒浇铸成型设备及其加工工艺，从而可以方便的完成铝棒的加工，工作效率高，成型效果好。
技术解决方案
一种铝棒浇铸成型设备，包括固定框架，所述固定框架上方安装有多个相邻的模盘单元，每个模盘单元的下方均设置有分布的多个结晶头，模盘单元通入的铝水注入结晶头中，每个结晶头的一旁设置有通气阀，位于固定框架的底部安装有引锭头升降平台，所述引锭头升降平台上安装有多个引锭头，每个引锭头与每个结晶头一一对应，所述引锭头升降平台的底部设置有升降油缸，引锭头升降平台上升时，每个引锭头伸入至每个结晶头中，在结晶的过程中施加冷却措施，控制引锭头升降平台缓慢下降，形成铝棒；所述固定框架和模盘单元上安装有控制箱。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：
所述固定框架的结构为：包括平行间隔设置的底座一和底座二，所述底座一和底座二之间垂直安装有连接梁一和连接梁二，所述底座一、底座二、连接梁一和连接梁二围成四方形结构，所述连接梁一和连接梁二的内侧均固定有平台，所述底座一和底座二的中部均安装有定位板。所述底座一和底座二的结构相同，均为空心方管，底座一和底座二的两端底部均设置有注水口，底座一和底座二的上表面间隔设置有多个出水口，出水口与模盘单元底部连通。
单个模盘单元的结构为：包括模盘本体，所述模盘本体的底部通过支撑件和支撑板安装多个均匀排列分布的结晶头，所述模盘本体下方设置有分流腔，每个分流腔互相连通，每个分流腔的底面设置有流道，所述流道与结晶头连通；所述模盘本体的顶面还安装有模盘盖。
所述模盘盖的安装结构为：模盘盖的底面设置有耐高温空心硅胶密封圈，模盘盖上还安装有控制打开与关闭的翻转装置，翻转装置的具体结构为：包括固定在模盘盖顶面的直角板，直角板上安装有连杆，与连杆平行设置有转动杆，所述转动杆的端部通过轴承座支撑，所述模盘盖的外部设置有连接轴，所述连接轴的中部设置有固定块，所述连杆和转动杆均穿过固定块；位于模盘盖的两端设置有端板，其中一块端板的外部固定有电动推杆，所述电动推杆的输出端连接曲柄，所述曲柄与连接轴固定。
分流腔一端设置有抽真空口，分流腔的底部冷却腔，冷却腔分布在相邻两个结晶头之间的间隙处。
模盘单元的铝水入口一侧设置有浇铸分流槽，所述浇铸分流槽的结构为：包括矩形槽体，矩形槽体的顶面设置有封盖，所述矩形槽体的内部分别设置有一号流入口、二号流入口和三号流入口，所述矩形槽体的一端中部设置有铝水入口通道，矩形槽体的另一端外部设置有连接 法兰，所述连接法兰与同时与三个模盘单元的端口固定。
单个结晶头与单个引锭头的配合结构为：所述结晶头的内部配合安装有引锭头，结晶头的内底面与引锭头上部之间对应围成有通入铝水的腔体，通过施加冷却措施，同时引锭头通过外部动力装置向下移动，在逐步增大的腔体内形成铝棒；
单个结晶头的结构为：包括外模，所述外模的内壁面上部配合安装有进气石墨环，进气石墨环的上方为进油石墨环，所述进油石墨环的顶部安装有下夹紧环，所述下夹紧环的内部配合安装热顶，所述下夹紧环通过紧固件与外模锁紧，所述热顶上部还配合安装有上夹紧环，上夹紧环和下夹紧环的配合工作下将热顶稳固，所述热顶的底部设置有倒锥形结构，热顶的中部开有通孔，热顶的底部与引锭头的底面形成有间隙；所述外模的内壁面下部配合安装有水环模；所述外模下方的圆周壁面上开有多个均匀间隔的进水孔；所述外模的底部设置有向外延伸的法兰边，所述法兰边上开有锁紧孔，所述法兰边通过紧固件与模盘单元连接；
单个引锭头的结构为：包括圆柱体结构，所述圆柱体结构的顶面圆周方向设置有一圈外缘边，圆柱体结构的顶面中部位置设置垂直向上的小圆台结构，所述小圆台结构的外部以及外缘边的内部形成有型腔，引锭头与结晶头配合时，型腔与热顶的下方为铝棒的成型区域；
所述圆柱体结构的外圆周面上间隔设置有的多个导向头，所述导向头的结构为：包括位于下方的长方体结构，位于上方的三角块。
所述引锭头升降平台的结构为：包括间隔平行设置的升降架，所述升降架的两端均安装有升降固定轴，两个升降架之间安装有间隔的连接架，两个连接架之间的升降架上安装有多组引锭头焊接支架组件，单个引锭头焊接支架组件的结构为：包括分别支撑在两个升降架上的支撑条，支撑条的两端分别开有支撑孔，两个支撑条上间隔分布有条状板，单个条状板上开有均匀间隔分布的矩形凹槽，每个矩形凹槽中卡入小柱子，每个小柱子的外侧设置有圆形凹槽，每个小柱子顶面安装固定垫块，两个条状板之间安装有凸字型连接片，引锭头通过紧固件安装在垫块上，引锭头能够在固定垫块内小范围水平移动，进入结晶头时在导向头的作用下自适应与结晶头的位置。
一种铝棒浇铸成型设备的加工工艺，包括如下操作步骤：
第一步，模盘填充：
电动推杆工作，控制每个模盘单元的模盘盖处于关闭密封状态，然后铝水从浇铸分流槽进入每个模盘单元中，然后进入每个结晶头中，控制温度在液相线以上，纯铝为660℃；
模盘填充阶段，结晶头一旁的通气阀均处于关闭状态，***除了向石墨环供应工艺气体外，也通过热顶上的通风通道向液面供应气体；
热顶下方的两个多孔石墨环立即开始供应润滑油，即进油石墨环和进气石墨环，进气石墨环同时充当结晶头壁；
结晶头为水冷模式，冷却水从固定框架的注水口和出水口进入模盘单元中，并从结晶头壁后方流过，以此来冷却结晶头壁；
结晶头壁对铝水的冷却称为初次冷却，液态的铝水接触结晶头壁，受冷开始凝固，形成一层薄薄的凝固层，当凝固层形成后，金属收缩，并将此凝固层拉离结晶头壁，
冷却腔中的冷却水经多个均匀间隔的进水孔进入结晶头，在结晶头形成设定的喷射方向的水环，喷射在刚刚凝固的铝棒表面，这是直接冷却或二次冷却，
铸造时，壳层厚度不断增加，直到最后整个圆锭横截面凝固；
第二步，起铸：
铸造开始前，模盘单元处于设定的起始位置，完成模盘单元内部分流腔的铝水填充后，立即开始上升，并在内部形成负压，直到提升至稳定阶段位置；
第三步，稳定阶段：
当外面浇铸分流槽内的液位达到设定的高度时，打开每个结晶头上独立的通气阀，此时结晶 头内的铝水表面与大气相通，结晶头内液位与浇铸分流槽的液位相同，因此可通过调节浇铸分流槽的铝水液位，控制稳定阶段铸造单元内的铝水液位，由此进入低压铸造模式，并一直持续铸造到结束；
第四步，终止铸造，排空浇铸分流槽：
铸造接近尾声时，浇铸分流槽内的液位会自动降低，降低负压，到设定的液位时，结晶头内部的铝水供应中断；铸造速度与冷却水流量均减小，直至停止。
有益效果
本发明结构紧凑、合理，操作方便，通过模盘单元进入铝水，模盘单元底部的结晶头与引锭头升降平台上的引锭头的配合工作，并同时控制，可以方便的完成铝棒的加工，具有较好的自然、不断成型的过程，成型效果好，工作效率高，同时通过油、气、水三者结合进行成型与冷却，铝棒的加工质量优。
本发明所述的固定框架具有较好的固定作用，稳定性好，固定框架同时采用空心管制成，通过自身框架结构输送冷却水，具有较好的冷却功能，无需另外增加冷却***，结构紧凑。本发明所述的模盘单元，具有较好的密封功能，并能在内部产生负压，并能给铝水带来的冷却结晶，结晶效果好。
本发明所述的浇铸分流槽，可以均匀的分配铝水，给模盘单元的工作带来的极大的便携性。本发明所述引锭头升降平台，是引锭头的安装平台，控制整个平台的升降，可以方便的实现每个引锭头与每个结晶头的配合工作，并同时具有较好的导向功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的主视图。
图3为本发明的俯视图。
图4为本发明的***图。
图5为本发明固定框架的俯视图。
图6为本发明底座一的内部结构示意图。
图7为本发明模盘单元的结构示意图。
图8为本发明模盘单元的***图。
图9为本发明模盘单元的截面图(模盘盖打开状态)。
图10为本发明模盘单元的截面图(模盘盖闭合状态)。
图11为本发明浇铸分流槽的结构示意图。
图12为本发明浇铸分流槽的后视图。
图13为本发明浇铸分流槽的俯视图。
图14为本发明结晶头的结构示意图。
图15为本发明单组结晶头与引锭头的结构示意图。
图16为本发明单组结晶头与引锭头配合时的结构示意图。
图17为本发明单组结晶头与引锭头配合时另一视角的结构示意图。
图18为本发明单个结晶头的内部结构示意图。
图19为本发明外模的结构示意图。
图20为本发明外模的截面图。
图21为本发明引锭头的结构示意图。
图22为本发明引锭头另一视角的结构示意图。
图23为本发明引锭头升降平台的结构示意图。
图24为本发明单组引锭头焊接支架组件的结构示意图。
图25为本发明引锭头升降平台的主视图(内部结构)。
其中：
1、固定框架；2、控制箱；3、模盘单元；4、浇铸分流槽；5、引锭头升降平台；6、结晶头；7、引锭头；
101、连接梁一；102、底座一；103、平台；104、连接梁二；105、定位板；106、注水口；107、出水口；108、底座二；
301、模盘盖；302、直角板；303、连杆；304、转动杆；305、连接轴；306、固定块；307、模盘本体；308、端板；309、电动推杆；310、曲柄；311、分流腔；312、流道；313、耐高温空心硅胶密封圈；314、冷却腔；315、抽真空口；
401、封盖；402、一号流入口；403、连接法兰；404、铝水入口通道；405、二号流入口；406、三号流入口；
501、升降架；502、连接架；503、升降固定轴；504、引锭头焊接支架组件；505、支撑条；506、支撑孔；507、条状板；508、小柱子；509、圆形凹槽；510、凸字型连接片；511、矩形凹槽；512、固定垫块。
601、通孔；602、热顶；603、上夹紧环；604、下夹紧环；605、进油石墨环；606、进气石墨环；607、外模；608、进水孔；609、水环模；610、法兰边；611、锁紧孔；612、斜面；613、凸起；
701、型腔；702、小圆台结构；703、外缘边；704、圆柱体结构；705、三角块；706、长方体结构；707、工艺圆孔；708、凹坑；709、连接柱；710、螺母。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图，说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1-图25所示，本实施例的铝棒浇铸成型设备，包括固定框架1，固定框架1上方安装有多个相邻的模盘单元3，每个模盘单元3的下方均设置有分布的多个结晶头6，模盘单元3通入的铝水注入结晶头6中，每个结晶头6的一旁设置有通气阀，位于固定框架1的底部安装有引锭头升降平台5，引锭头升降平台5上安装有多个引锭头7，每个引锭头7与每个结晶头6一一对应，引锭头升降平台5的底部设置有升降油缸，引锭头升降平台5上升时，每个引锭头7伸入至每个结晶头6中，在结晶的过程中施加冷却措施，控制引锭头升降平台5缓慢下降，形成铝棒；固定框架1和模盘单元3上安装有控制箱2。
固定框架1的结构为：包括平行间隔设置的底座一102和底座二108，底座一102和底座二108之间垂直安装有连接梁一101和连接梁二104，底座一102、底座二108、连接梁一101和连接梁二104围成四方形结构，连接梁一101和连接梁二104的内侧均固定有平台103，底座一102和底座二108的中部均安装有定位板105。
底座一102和底座二108的结构相同，均为空心方管，底座一102和底座二108的两端底部均设置有注水口106，底座一102和底座二108的上表面间隔设置有多个出水口107，出水口107与模盘单元3底部连通。
单个模盘单元3的结构为：包括模盘本体307，模盘本体307的底部通过支撑件和支撑板安装多个均匀排列分布的结晶头6，模盘本体307下方设置有分流腔311，每个分流腔311互相连通，每个分流腔311的底面设置有流道312，流道312与结晶头6连通；模盘本体307的顶面还安装有模盘盖301。
模盘盖301的安装结构为：模盘盖301的底面设置有耐高温空心硅胶密封圈313，模盘盖301上还安装有控制打开与关闭的翻转装置，翻转装置的具体结构为：包括固定在模盘盖301顶面的直角板302，直角板302上安装有连杆303，与连杆303平行设置有转动杆304，转 动杆304的端部通过轴承座支撑，模盘盖301的外部设置有连接轴305，连接轴305的中部设置有固定块306，连杆303和转动杆304均穿过固定块306；位于模盘盖301的两端设置有端板308，其中一块端板308的外部固定有电动推杆309，电动推杆309的输出端连接曲柄310，曲柄310与连接轴305固定。
分流腔311一端设置有抽真空口315，分流腔311的底部冷却腔314，冷却腔314分布在相邻两个结晶头6之间的间隙处。
模盘单元3的铝水入口一侧设置有浇铸分流槽4，浇铸分流槽4的结构为：包括矩形槽体，矩形槽体的顶面设置有封盖401，矩形槽体的内部分别设置有一号流入口402、二号流入口405和三号流入口406，矩形槽体的一端中部设置有铝水入口通道404，矩形槽体的另一端外部设置有连接法兰403，连接法兰403与同时与三个模盘单元3的端口固定。
单个结晶头6与单个引锭头7的配合结构为：结晶头6的内部配合安装有引锭头7，结晶头6的内底面与引锭头7上部之间对应围成有通入铝水的腔体，通过施加冷却措施，同时引锭头7通过外部动力装置向下移动，在逐步增大的腔体内形成铝棒；
单个结晶头6的结构为：包括外模607，外模607的内壁面上部配合安装有进气石墨环606，进气石墨环606的上方为进油石墨环605，进油石墨环605的顶部安装有下夹紧环604，下夹紧环604的内部配合安装热顶602，下夹紧环604通过紧固件与外模607锁紧，热顶602上部还配合安装有上夹紧环603，上夹紧环603和下夹紧环604的配合工作下将热顶602稳固，热顶602的底部设置有倒锥形结构，热顶602的中部开有通孔601，热顶602的底部与引锭头7的底面形成有间隙；外模607的内壁面下部配合安装有水环模609；外模607下方的圆周壁面上开有多个均匀间隔的进水孔608；外模607的底部设置有向外延伸的法兰边610，法兰边610上开有锁紧孔611，法兰边610通过紧固件与模盘单元3连接；
单个引锭头7的结构为：包括圆柱体结构704，圆柱体结构704的顶面圆周方向设置有一圈外缘边703，圆柱体结构704的顶面中部位置设置垂直向上的小圆台结构702，小圆台结构702的外部以及外缘边703的内部形成有型腔701，引锭头7与结晶头6配合时，型腔701与热顶607的下方为铝棒的成型区域；
圆柱体结构704的外圆周面上间隔设置有的多个导向头，导向头的结构为：包括位于下方的长方体结构706，位于上方的三角块705。
引锭头升降平台5的结构为：包括间隔平行设置的升降架501，升降架501的两端均安装有升降固定轴503，两个升降架501之间安装有间隔的连接架502，两个连接架502之间的升降架501上安装有多组引锭头焊接支架组件504，单个引锭头焊接支架组件504的结构为：包括分别支撑在两个升降架501上的支撑条505，支撑条505的两端分别开有支撑孔506，两个支撑条505上间隔分布有条状板507，单个条状板507上开有均匀间隔分布的矩形凹槽511，每个矩形凹槽511中卡入小柱子508，每个小柱子508的外侧设置有圆形凹槽509，每个小柱子508顶面安装固定垫块512，两个条状板507之间安装有凸字型连接片510，引锭头7通过紧固件安装在垫块512上，引锭头7能够在固定垫块512内小范围水平移动，进入结晶头6时在导向头的作用下自适应与结晶头6的位置。
外模607呈空心圆柱体，外模607的内壁面中部设置有一圈凸起613，凸起613的下沿边设置有斜面612。
圆柱体结构704的底面中部有连接柱709，连接柱709上安装螺母710。
圆柱体结构704的圆周壁面上设置有凹坑708。
圆柱体结构704上开有工艺圆孔707。
外模607一端开有气孔，另一端开有油孔。
外模607与水环模609的材质均采用锻造铝合金6082。
结晶头6上方的耐火模块及热顶602起隔热保温作用，形成一个铝液熔池。
本实施例的铝棒浇铸成型设备的加工工艺，包括如下操作步骤：
第一步，模盘填充：
电动推杆309工作，控制每个模盘单元3的模盘盖301处于关闭密封状态，然后铝水从浇铸分流槽4进入每个模盘单元3中，然后进入每个结晶头6中，控制温度在液相线以上，纯铝为660℃；
模盘填充阶段，结晶头6一旁的通气阀均处于关闭状态，***除了向石墨环供应工艺气体外，也通过热顶602上的通风通道向液面供应气体；
热顶602下方的两个多孔石墨环立即开始供应润滑油，即进油石墨环605和进气石墨环606，进气石墨环606同时充当结晶头壁；
结晶头6为水冷模式，冷却水从固定框架1的注水口106和出水口107进入模盘单元3中，并从结晶头6壁后方流过，以此来冷却结晶头壁；
结晶头壁对铝水的冷却称为初次冷却，液态的铝水接触结晶头壁，受冷开始凝固，形成一层薄薄的凝固层，当凝固层形成后，金属收缩，并将此凝固层拉离结晶头壁，
冷却腔314中的冷却水经多个均匀间隔的进水孔608进入结晶头6，在结晶头6形成设定的喷射方向的水环，喷射在刚刚凝固的铝棒表面，这是直接冷却或二次冷却，
铸造时，壳层厚度不断增加，直到最后整个圆锭横截面凝固；
第二步，起铸：
铸造开始前，模盘单元3处于设定的起始位置，完成模盘单元3内部分流腔311的铝水填充后，立即开始上升，并在内部形成负压，直到提升至稳定阶段位置；
第三步，稳定阶段：
当外面浇铸分流槽4内的液位达到设定的高度时，打开每个结晶头6上独立的通气阀，此时结晶头6内的铝水表面与大气相通，结晶头6内液位与浇铸分流槽4的液位相同，因此可通过调节浇铸分流槽4的铝水液位，控制稳定阶段铸造单元内的铝水液位，由此进入低压铸造模式，并一直持续铸造到结束；
第四步，终止铸造，排空浇铸分流槽4：
铸造接近尾声时，浇铸分流槽4内的液位会自动降低，降低负压，到设定的液位时，结晶头6内部的铝水供应中断；铸造速度与冷却水流量均减小，直至停止。
本发明的具体结构和功能如下：
固定框架1作用：为结晶头6与引锭头7初步合模提供平台。作为模盘单元3的安装平台，将模盘定位在移动车上，并使冷却水通过框架内部通道进入模盘冷却。
底座一102和底座二108剖视图，其内部镀锌处理(用于防腐蚀)，内部冷却水的循环(箭头方向为冷却水流动方向)，冷却水从A口进去，再从B口流出，进入模盘单元3用于铝水的冷却结晶。
模盘单元3作用：均匀的分配铝水，使铝水在结晶头6内部冷却成型。
模盘单元3的组成：电动推杆309、翻转装置、模盘盖301、耐高温密空心硅胶封圈、纤维板、结晶头6、定位套、O型密封圈、模盘、保温耐火材料。
电动推杆309为翻转装置提供翻转与盖紧力，翻转装置与模盘盖301(通过螺钉连接，模盘盖301上开有燕尾槽，用于安装耐高温空心硅胶密封圈313，模盘盖301内部还镶嵌有纤维板。
模盘的分流腔311安装有保温耐火材料，防止铝水还未浇铸就凝固。
结晶头6装入模盘冷却腔314，安装于模盘底面。
电动推杆309带动翻转装置使模盘盖301与模盘本体307完全贴合，在模盘的分流腔311形成封闭空间。通过模盘端部抽真空接口连接抽真空装置，在分流腔311内形成负压，将铝水从C口吸入模盘分流腔311，然后均匀的分配到每一个结晶头上。
模盘单元3通过定位套安装在固定框架1，定位套两端装有O型密封圈，固定框架1的出水口107(B口)与模盘单元3的D口相连。冷却水从D口流入模盘的冷却腔314，用于铝水的凝固结晶。
结晶头6：
结晶头6的外模607上方内部装有进气石墨环606、进油石墨环605，防止铝水直接与结晶头6接触，损坏结晶头6。
进油石墨环605处连接润滑油，进气石墨环606处连接干燥的压缩空气与氩气混合气体，组合使用可以在内表面形成油膜，防止铝水凝结在结晶头6上，也可以提高铝棒外表面的光洁度。
热顶602通过上夹紧环603、下夹紧环604固定在结晶头6的外膜上，铝水直接从热顶602E口流入，在气石墨环处形成的柱状模具上结晶。
结晶头6的外模607下方内部装有水槽环，结晶头6外侧的冷却水通过F口进入结晶头6内测，通过水槽环在铝棒结晶处下方形成水幕，对铝棒进行进一步的冷却。
浇铸分配流槽的作用：将三个模盘单元3连接起来，储存分配铝水到各个模盘单元3，各模盘单元3可从同一液位抽取铝水。
浇铸分配流槽由三大部分组成：分流槽、耐火材料、压板。
引锭头升降平台5：主要由四大部分组成：升降平台、支架、引锭头7、升降固定轴503。升降固定轴503与固定框架1配合，起到导向作用，使结晶头6与引锭头7初步合模。
引锭头支架用于安装引锭头7，引锭头7安装后需要保证高度统一，通过导向块的作用，引锭头7的径向能小幅度调整，用于铝棒铸造前结晶头6与引锭头7的精准合模。
铝棒浇铸模盘是批量浇铸同规格铝棒的设备。
铝棒浇铸模盘工作原理：通过电气控制有效的将浇铸分流槽4中的铝水同步吸入每个模盘单元3中，然后均匀的分配到每一个引锭头7上冷却结晶形成铝棒，来实现批量浇铸铝棒。铝棒浇铸模盘使用前需要进行两步合模：
快速提升引锭头平台，利用升降固定轴503使结晶头6与引锭头初步合模。
再缓慢提升引锭头平台，通过引锭头圆周上的导向，使结晶头6与引锭头的精准合模(引锭头上平面与石墨环相接触)。
确保合模结束(引锭头7上平面与石墨环相接触)后，方能启动设备开始浇铸。
实际使用过程中：
本发明所述的引锭头升降平台5的底部安装有驱动其上升或者下降的油缸，当需要引锭头7与结晶头6配合工作时，油缸驱动整个引锭头升降平台5上升，使得每个引锭头7伸入至结晶头6中。
单个结晶头6和引锭头7在工作时的初始位置见图18，铝水通过模盘单元3进入，然后从热顶602的通孔601处送入，铝水从通孔601进入结晶头6和引锭头7之间的成型区域，铝水慢慢固化，形成铝壳，在外部的油缸作用下，控制引锭头7慢慢逐渐向下移动，即驱动油缸工作，控制整个引锭头升降平台5下降，从而形成圆柱体的铝棒。在这个成型的过程中，通过进油石墨环605进油润滑处理，进气石墨环606进气与油进行均匀混合处理，进水孔608通入冷却水，同步进行冷却，冷却效果好，成型效果好。成型至所需要的铝棒的高度时，停止进铝水，取走铝棒即可。采用上述相同的方法再进行下一个循环工作即可。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：包括固定框架(1)，所述固定框架(1)上方安装有多个相邻的模盘单元(3)，每个模盘单元(3)的下方均设置有分布的多个结晶头(6)，模盘单元(3)通入的铝水注入结晶头(6)中，每个结晶头(6)的一旁设置有通气阀，位于固定框架(1)的底部安装有引锭头升降平台(5)，所述引锭头升降平台(5)上安装有多个引锭头(7)，每个引锭头(7)与每个结晶头(6)一一对应，所述引锭头升降平台(5)的底部设置有升降油缸，引锭头升降平台(5)上升时，每个引锭头(7)伸入至每个结晶头(6)中，在结晶的过程中施加冷却措施，控制引锭头升降平台(5)缓慢下降，形成铝棒；所述固定框架(1)和模盘单元(3)上安装有控制箱(2)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：所述固定框架(1)的结构为：包括平行间隔设置的底座一(102)和底座二(108)，所述底座一(102)和底座二(108)之间垂直安装有连接梁一(101)和连接梁二(104)，所述底座一(102)、底座二(108)、连接梁一(101)和连接梁二(104)围成四方形结构，所述连接梁一(101)和连接梁二(104)的内侧均固定有平台(103)，所述底座一(102)和底座二(108)的中部均安装有定位板(105)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：所述底座一(102)和底座二(108)的结构相同，均为空心方管，底座一(102)和底座二(108)的两端底部均设置有注水口(106)，底座一(102)和底座二(108)的上表面间隔设置有多个出水口(107)，出水口(107)与模盘单元(3)底部连通。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：单个模盘单元(3)的结构为：包括模盘本体(307)，所述模盘本体(307)的底部通过支撑件和支撑板安装多个均匀排列分布的结晶头(6)，所述模盘本体(307)下方设置有分流腔(311)，每个分流腔(311)互相连通，每个分流腔(311)的底面设置有流道(312)，所述流道(312)与结晶头(6)连通；所述模盘本体(307)的顶面还安装有模盘盖(301)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：所述模盘盖(301)的安装结构为：模盘盖(301)的底面设置有耐高温空心硅胶密封圈(313)，模盘盖(301)上还安装有控制打开与关闭的翻转装置，翻转装置的具体结构为：包括固定在模盘盖(301)顶面的直角板(302)，直角板(302)上安装有连杆(303)，与连杆(303)平行设置有转动杆(304)，所述转动杆(304)的端部通过轴承座支撑，所述模盘盖(301)的外部设置有连接轴(305)，所述连接轴(305)的中部设置有固定块(306)，所述连杆(303)和转动杆(304)均穿过固定块(306)；位于模盘盖(301)的两端设置有端板(308)，其中一块端板(308)的外部固定有电动推杆(309)，所述电动推杆(309)的输出端连接曲柄(310)，所述曲柄(310)与连接轴(305)固定。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：分流腔(311)一端设置有抽真空口(315)，分流腔(311)的底部冷却腔(314)，冷却腔(314)分布在相邻两个结晶头(6)之间的间隙处。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：模盘单元(3)的铝水入口一侧设置有浇铸分流槽(4)，所述浇铸分流槽(4)的结构为：包括矩形槽体，矩形槽体的顶面设置有封盖(401)，所述矩形槽体的内部分别设置有一号流入口(402)、二号流入口(405)和三号流入口(406)，所述矩形槽体的一端中部设置有铝水入口通道(404)，矩形槽体的另一端外部设置有连接法兰(403)，所述连接法兰(403)与同时与三个模盘单元(3)的端口固定。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：单个结晶头(6)与单个引锭头(7) 的配合结构为：所述结晶头(6)的内部配合安装有引锭头(7)，结晶头(6)的内底面与引锭头(7)上部之间对应围成有通入铝水的腔体，通过施加冷却措施，同时引锭头(7)通过外部动力装置向下移动，在逐步增大的腔体内形成铝棒；
    单个结晶头(6)的结构为：包括外模(607)，所述外模(607)的内壁面上部配合安装有进气石墨环(606)，进气石墨环(606)的上方为进油石墨环(605)，所述进油石墨环(605)的顶部安装有下夹紧环(604)，所述下夹紧环(604)的内部配合安装热顶(602)，所述下夹紧环(604)通过紧固件与外模(607)锁紧，所述热顶(602)上部还配合安装有上夹紧环(603)，上夹紧环(603)和下夹紧环(604)的配合工作下将热顶(602)稳固，所述热顶(602)的底部设置有倒锥形结构，热顶(602)的中部开有通孔(601)，热顶(602)的底部与引锭头(7)的底面形成有间隙；所述外模(607)的内壁面下部配合安装有水环模(609)；所述外模(607)下方的圆周壁面上开有多个均匀间隔的进水孔(608)；所述外模(607)的底部设置有向外延伸的法兰边(610)，所述法兰边(610)上开有锁紧孔(611)，所述法兰边(610)通过紧固件与模盘单元(3)连接；
    单个引锭头(7)的结构为：包括圆柱体结构(704)，所述圆柱体结构(704)的顶面圆周方向设置有一圈外缘边(703)，圆柱体结构(704)的顶面中部位置设置垂直向上的小圆台结构(702)，所述小圆台结构(702)的外部以及外缘边(703)的内部形成有型腔(701)，引锭头(7)与结晶头(6)配合时，型腔(701)与热顶(607)的下方为铝棒的成型区域；所述圆柱体结构(704)的外圆周面上间隔设置有的多个导向头，所述导向头的结构为：包括位于下方的长方体结构(706)，位于上方的三角块(705)。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备，其特征在于：所述引锭头升降平台(5)的结构为：包括间隔平行设置的升降架(501)，所述升降架(501)的两端均安装有升降固定轴(503)，两个升降架(501)之间安装有间隔的连接架(502)，两个连接架(502)之间的升降架(501)上安装有多组引锭头焊接支架组件(504)，单个引锭头焊接支架组件(504)的结构为：包括分别支撑在两个升降架(501)上的支撑条(505)，支撑条(505)的两端分别开有支撑孔(506)，两个支撑条(505)上间隔分布有条状板(507)，单个条状板(507)上开有均匀间隔分布的矩形凹槽(511)，每个矩形凹槽(511)中卡入小柱子(508)，每个小柱子(508)的外侧设置有圆形凹槽(509)，每个小柱子(508)顶面安装固定垫块(512)，两个条状板(507)之间安装有凸字型连接片(510)，引锭头(7)通过紧固件安装在垫块(512)上，引锭头(7)能够在固定垫块(512)内小范围水平移动，进入结晶头(6)时在导向头的作用下自适应与结晶头(6)的位置。
  10. 一种利用权利要求1所述的铝棒浇铸成型设备的加工工艺，其特征在于：包括如下操作步骤：
    第一步，模盘填充：
    电动推杆(309)工作，控制每个模盘单元(3)的模盘盖(301)处于关闭密封状态，然后铝水从浇铸分流槽(4)进入每个模盘单元(3)中，然后进入每个结晶头(6)中，控制温度在液相线以上，纯铝为660℃；
    模盘填充阶段，结晶头(6)一旁的通气阀均处于关闭状态，***除了向石墨环供应工艺气体外，也通过热顶(602)上的通风通道向液面供应气体；
    热顶(602)下方的两个多孔石墨环立即开始供应润滑油，即进油石墨环(605)和进气石墨环(606)，进气石墨环(606)同时充当结晶头壁；
    结晶头(6)为水冷模式，冷却水从固定框架(1)的注水口(106)和出水口(107)进入模盘单元(3)中，并从结晶头(6)壁后方流过，以此来冷却结晶头壁；
    结晶头壁对铝水的冷却称为初次冷却，液态的铝水接触结晶头壁，受冷开始凝固，形成一层薄薄的凝固层，当凝固层形成后，金属收缩，并将此凝固层拉离结晶头壁，
    冷却腔(314)中的冷却水经多个均匀间隔的进水孔(608)进入结晶头(6)，在结晶头(6)形成设定的喷射方向的水环，喷射在刚刚凝固的铝棒表面，这是直接冷却或二次冷却，
    铸造时，壳层厚度不断增加，直到最后整个圆锭横截面凝固；
    第二步，起铸：
    铸造开始前，模盘单元(3)处于设定的起始位置，完成模盘单元(3)内部分流腔(311)的铝水填充后，立即开始上升，并在内部形成负压，直到提升至稳定阶段位置；
    第三步，稳定阶段：
    当外面浇铸分流槽(4)内的液位达到设定的高度时，打开每个结晶头(6)上独立的通气阀，此时结晶头(6)内的铝水表面与大气相通，结晶头(6)内液位与浇铸分流槽(4)的液位相同，因此可通过调节浇铸分流槽(4)的铝水液位，控制稳定阶段铸造单元内的铝水液位，由此进入低压铸造模式，并一直持续铸造到结束；
    第四步，终止铸造，排空浇铸分流槽(4)：
    铸造接近尾声时，浇铸分流槽(4)内的液位会自动降低，降低负压，到设定的液位时，结晶头(6)内部的铝水供应中断；铸造速度与冷却水流量均减小，直至停止。
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