WO2022021993A1 - 一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤 - Google Patents

一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021993A1
WO2022021993A1 PCT/CN2021/092686 CN2021092686W WO2022021993A1 WO 2022021993 A1 WO2022021993 A1 WO 2022021993A1 CN 2021092686 W CN2021092686 W CN 2021092686W WO 2022021993 A1 WO2022021993 A1 WO 2022021993A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arm
hammer
drill rod
energy storage
rod
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/092686
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何泽康
Original Assignee
何泽康
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010764617.6A external-priority patent/CN111779063A/zh
Application filed by 何泽康 filed Critical 何泽康
Publication of WO2022021993A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021993A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of construction machinery, in particular to a uniaxial support and guide breaking hammer.
  • the breaker is an important working tool of the hydraulic excavator, which is used for crushing operations.
  • the striking principle of the piston-driven breaker is: there is a cylindrical piston hammer iron on the upper part of the rectangular hydraulic cylinder block. During the reciprocating motion, the hammer iron hits the cylindrical drill rod at the lower part of the rectangular hydraulic cylinder block, and the drill rod then reciprocates. to break rocks.
  • the above-mentioned breaker has a short striking stroke and small striking force.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a uniaxially supported and guided breaker with a large striking force.
  • the present invention provides a uniaxially supported and guided breaker, which includes an installation base, a drill rod, a first drive unit installed on the installation base, a hammer arm driven and rotated by the first drive unit, and an installation base.
  • the hammer head of the hammer head arm, the hammer head strikes and cooperates with the drill rod
  • the installation base includes a large arm, a small arm, and a second drive unit connected between the large arm and the small arm, the large arm , the small arm and the hammer arm are coaxially hinged through the first pin shaft
  • the drill rod can be installed in the large arm so as to move up and down
  • the small arm is provided with a mounting hole
  • the second drive unit drives the large arm.
  • the arm rotates relative to the small arm around the first pin.
  • the end of the big arm is provided with a groove for accommodating the end of the small arm; the hammer arm has two, which are distributed in the axial direction of the first pin shaft. outside of the forearm.
  • the first driving unit includes a driving oil cylinder, and the cylinder body and the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the boom and the hammer arm.
  • the second driving unit includes a support oil cylinder, and the cylinder body and the piston rod of the support oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the small arm and the large arm.
  • the uniaxially supported and guided breaker further includes an energy storage unit mounted on the installation base, and the energy storage unit is connected to the hammer head arm;
  • the energy storage unit is in an energy storage state
  • the energy storage unit acts on the hammer arm to move the hammer in a direction close to the drill rod.
  • the energy storage unit includes an energy storage cylinder, the cylinder body and the piston rod of the energy storage cylinder are hinged with the boom and the hammer arm respectively, and the energy storage cylinder is provided with a nitrogen chamber on one side of the piston rod. , and a charging valve communicating with the nitrogen chamber;
  • the first driving unit drives the hammer to move away from the drill rod, the volume of the nitrogen chamber decreases
  • the first driving unit drives the hammer to move toward the direction close to the drill rod, the volume of the nitrogen chamber increases.
  • the energy storage unit includes a connecting rope, a fixed seat fixed on the boom, and an energy storage spring with one end fixed on the fixed seat, the two ends of the connecting rope are respectively connected with the hammer arm and the other side of the energy storage spring. One end is fixedly connected;
  • the energy storage spring is in an open state.
  • the energy storage unit also includes a guide wheel rotatably installed on the boom, the connecting rope passes around the guide wheel, and the connecting rope extended from the guide wheel to the energy storage spring is along the storage line.
  • the telescopic direction of the energy spring extends straight.
  • the single-axis support and guide breaker also includes a sliding jacket fixed on the boom, a shock absorber fixed on the sliding jacket, and a limiter, and the drill rod includes a sliding jacket and a stopper that can move up and down.
  • the parts are abutted and matched, and the stopper is fixed to the rod main body part that protrudes from the side of the sliding cover facing away from the shock-absorbing component, and can be abutted and matched with the sliding cover.
  • the single-axis support and guide breaker also includes a drill rod jacket fixed on the boom, and a travel limit pin fixed in the drill rod jacket, and the drill rod can move up and down through the upper sliding sleeve and the lower sliding sleeve. It is worn in the drill rod casing, and a limit groove for accommodating the travel limit pin is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the drill rod.
  • a displacement limiting portion, the lower groove wall of the limiting groove constitutes an upward displacement limiting portion capable of abutting and cooperating with the travel limiting pin.
  • the uniaxial support and guide breaker involved in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • a single first pin is used to articulate the boom, forearm and hammer arm, and the single first pin achieves several functions:
  • the three-arm coaxial structure design can make the length of the boom and the hammer arm longer, and the length of the hammer arm directly determines the movement stroke of the hammer arm and the hammer, as well as the hammer and the drill rod.
  • the separation distance of the hammer head can also increase the movement stroke of the hammer head arm and the hammer head; and the longer the movement stroke of the hammer head arm and the hammer head, the greater the strike force of the hammer head against the drill rod.
  • variable angle operation of the forearm relative to the boom can be realized to improve the operation flexibility
  • the hammer arm When the hammer arm is not working, it can be maintained at an angle perpendicular to the ground. At this time, the forearm can do normal excavation work through the big arm with a drill rod, and the hammer arm is close to the forearm at this time, and it is also close to the excavation. It also makes the center of gravity of the hammer arm closer to the excavator and away from the boom, which makes excavation easier with the boom with drill rod.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a uniaxially supported and guided breaker in the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1 at the first pin shaft.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the uniaxially supported and guided breaker in the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of FIG. 3 at the first pin shaft.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of circle A in FIG. 3 .
  • the present application provides a uniaxially supported and guided breaker.
  • the uniaxially supported and guided breaker is installed on the front end of an excavator and is used for the crushing operation of crushing objects to be crushed.
  • the following embodiments take the object to be crushed as a rock as an example.
  • the uniaxially supported and guided breaker involved in the present application includes a mounting base 10 , a drill rod 20 extending up and down, a first driving unit 30 mounted on the mounting base 10 , and the first driving unit 30 drives the rotating hammer arm 40, and the hammer 50 installed on the outer end (ie the front end) of the hammer arm 40.
  • the mounting base 10 includes a boom 101, a small arm 102 provided near the outer end side of the excavator, and a second drive unit connected between the boom 101 and the small arm 102; the inner end of the boom 101 (ie rear end), the lower end of the small arm 102 and the inner end (ie the rear end) of the hammer arm 40 are coaxially hinged through a first pin 161 along the thickness direction of the large arm 101 and the small arm 102 Axial extension; the drill rod 20 is installed on the outer end of the big arm 101 movably up and down along its own length; the inner edge side of the small arm 102 is provided with two mounting holes 104, both of which are shaft holes, through which The mounting hole 104 installs the forearm 102 on the outer end (ie, the front end) of the excavator, so that the uniaxial support guide breaker is integrally installed at the front end of the excavator; the second drive unit drives the boom 101 around the first pin 161 By rotating up and down relative to
  • the second drive unit drives the boom 101 to rotate downward around the first pin shaft 161, then the boom 101 drives the drill rod 20 to move down together, and presses the drill rod 20 against the hammer. Above the rock; as the second driving unit continues to drive the boom 101 to move downward, the drill rod 20 moves upward.
  • the first driving unit 30 acts to drive the hammer arm 40 to rotate upward around the first pin shaft 161 in a direction away from the drill rod 20, then the hammer arm 40 drives the hammer head 50 to move in a direction away from the drill rod 20, and the hammer head
  • the arm 40 can be held vertically at an angle perpendicular to the ground.
  • the hammer arm 40 and its center of gravity are close to the small arm 102 and away from the large arm 101 .
  • the first driving unit 30 moves in the opposite direction, driving the hammer arm 40 to rotate downward around the first pin shaft 161 in the direction close to the drill rod 20 , then the hammer arm 40 drives the hammer head 50 to move in the direction close to the drill rod 20 , the hammer head 50 hits the drill rod 20 downward, and the drill rod 20 hits the rock until the hammer head 50 stops moving downward. Repeat the above actions continuously to achieve the crushing of the hit rocks.
  • the present application adopts a structure in which the three arms of the large arm 101, the small arm 102 and the hammer arm 40 are connected together.
  • the three-arm coaxial structure design can make the length of the boom 101 and the hammer arm 40 longer, while the The length of the hammer head arm 40 directly determines the movement stroke of the hammer head arm 40 and the hammer head 50, as well as the separation distance of the hammer head 50 and the drill rod 20, which can also increase the movement stroke of the hammer head arm 40 and the hammer head 50;
  • the longer the movement stroke of the head arm 40 and the hammer head 50 is, the greater the striking force of the hammer head 50 against the drill rod 20 is, thereby achieving a long striking stroke and
  • the forearm 102 passes through the boom 101.
  • the drill rod 20 normal excavation operations can be performed, and the hammer arm 40 is now close to the forearm 102, which is also close to the excavator, that is, the center of gravity of the hammer arm 40 is closer to the excavator and away from the boom 101, so that the Boom 101 with drill rod 20 makes digging easier.
  • the hammer head arm 40 and the hammer head 50 are fixedly connected, for example, the hammer head arm 40 and the hammer head 50 can be set as an integral structure;
  • the striking iron 51 that is in contact with the drill rod 20 is preferably trapezoidal.
  • the first driving unit 30 includes a driving oil cylinder 31 , the cylinder body of the driving oil cylinder 31 is hinged with the boom 101 through the fifth pin shaft 165 , and the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 31 passes through the sixth pin
  • the shaft 166 is articulated with the hammer arm 40 .
  • the driving oil cylinder 31 is provided with a driving high pressure oil chamber 32 located on the lower side of its piston rod, and the driving high pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving oil cylinder 31 is communicated with the hydraulic system through a pipeline.
  • the hydraulic system is the hydraulic system of the excavator, so the high-pressure oil in the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving oil cylinder 31 comes from the hydraulic system of the excavator, and also returns to the hydraulic system of the excavator.
  • the hydraulic oil cylinder is connected and installed on the excavator. on the valve block.
  • the high-pressure oil from the hydraulic system of the excavator enters the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving cylinder 31 through the pipeline, pushes the piston rod of the driving cylinder 31 to extend upward, and drives the hammer arm 40 and the hammer 50 to move away from the drill rod. 20 to turn up.
  • the valve group of the excavator opens the oil discharge valve, and the high-pressure oil in the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving oil cylinder 31 returns to the hydraulic system of the excavator through the pipeline, then the driving The pressure in the high-pressure oil chamber 32 drops, so that the piston rod retracts downward, driving the hammer arm 40 and the hammer 50 to rotate downward in the direction close to the drill rod 20, and the hammer head 50 hits the drill rod 20 downward, making the drill rod 20 hits to the rock for crushing work.
  • the second drive unit includes a support cylinder 103 , the cylinder of the support cylinder 103 is hinged with the forearm 102 through the seventh pin 167 , and the piston rod of the support cylinder 103 passes through the eighth pin 168 is hinged with the triangular plate at the upper end of the boom 101, and the support cylinder 103 is connected and installed on the valve block of the excavator.
  • the inner end of the big arm 101 is provided with a groove 105 for accommodating the lower end of the small arm 102 , and the lower end of the small arm 102 is located in the big arm 101 .
  • the two hammer arms 40 are arranged across the axial direction of the first pin shaft 161 on On the outside of the big arm 101 and the small arm 102, the area between the two hammer arms 40 can accommodate the small arm 102.
  • the hammer arm 40 drives the hammer 50 to strike the drill rod 20
  • the hammer arm 40 does not Restricted by the angular position at which the boom 101 and the forearm 102 are working
  • the hammer arm 40 can strike the drill rod 20 at any position below the hammer 50;
  • the rotation of the outer side of the forearm 102 is beneficial to increase the rotation angle, prolong its movement distance, and also help to increase the striking force.
  • the uniaxially supported and guided breaker further includes an energy storage unit 60 installed on the installation base 10 , and the energy storage unit 60 is connected to the hammer arm 40 and interact with each other.
  • the first driving unit 30 drives the hammer arm 40 to rotate upward around the first pin shaft 161 and moves the hammer 50 away from the drill rod 20
  • the hammer arm 40 acts on the energy storage unit 60
  • the energy storage unit 60 is in charge state.
  • the energy storage unit 60 simultaneously acts on the hammer arm 40 to pull
  • the hammer arm 40 rotates downward around the first pin shaft 161 in the direction close to the drill rod 20, that is, the energy storage unit 60 and the first driving unit 30 have the same function, and together drive the hammer head 50 to move in the direction close to the drill rod 20,
  • the striking force of the hammer head 50 against the drill rod 20 is further increased, that is, the striking force of the drill rod 20 to break the rock is increased, and the production efficiency is finally improved.
  • the energy storage unit 60 there are various structures of the energy storage unit 60, and there are also various connection structures between the drill rod 20 and the boom 101; based on the different structures of the energy storage unit 60 and the connection structure of the drill rod 20 and the boom 101, There are multiple embodiments of making a single shaft support guide breaker. In the following, two preferred embodiments of the uniaxially supported and guided breaker are provided for the energy storage unit 60 and the preferred embodiments of the connection structure of the drill rod 20 and the boom 101 .
  • the energy storage unit 60 includes a connection rope 62 and an energy storage spring 63 with a fixed installation position. Both ends of the connection rope 62 are fixedly connected to the hammer arm 40 and the energy storage spring 63 respectively.
  • the first driving unit 30 drives the hammer 50 to move away from the drill rod 20
  • the hammer arm 40 pulls the connecting rope 62 and acts on the energy storage spring 63 through the connecting rope 62, so that the energy storage spring 63 is compressed, then
  • the accumulating spring 63 is in an accumulating state and generates tension in the opposite direction, thereby making the accumulating unit 60 in an accumulating state.
  • the compressed energy storage spring 63 is in a springing state.
  • the direction of the rod 20 is rotated downward, which effectively increases the striking force of the hammer arm 40 .
  • the installation method of the energy storage spring 63 is as follows: as shown in FIG. 1 , the energy storage unit 60 further includes a fixing seat 65 fixed to the boom 101 by screws.
  • the accommodating groove extends straight and is guided and matched with the energy storage spring 63.
  • the energy storage spring 63 is accommodated in the accommodating groove of the fixed seat 65, and one end of the energy storage spring 63 is fixed with the fixed seat 65.
  • the energy storage spring is One end of the spring 63 is fixed, and the other end of the energy storage spring 63 is fixed with the connecting rope 62 .
  • the accumulating spring 63 and the fixing seat 65 constitute a spring accumulator.
  • the energy storage unit 60 further includes a guide wheel 64 , and the guide wheel 64 is rotatably mounted on the boom 101 through the second pin 162 ; the connecting rope 62 passes around the guide wheel 64 ; The length of the connecting rope 62 extended from 64 passes through the end of the energy storage spring 63 that is fixed to the fixed seat 65, and then is fixed with the other end of the energy storage spring 63, or, in other words, the fixed connection between the connecting rope 62 and the hammer arm 40
  • the end, the guide wheel 64, the fixed connection end of the boom 101 and the energy storage spring 63, and the connection rope 62 and the fixed connection end with the energy storage spring 63 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the connection rope 62; and, from the guide wheel 64
  • the length of the connecting rope 62 extending from the middle to the energy storage spring 63 extends straightly along the extension and retraction direction of the energy storage spring 63 .
  • the connecting rope 62 is made of steel wire rope, which has good strength and is durable.
  • the fixing method of the connecting rope 62 and the hammer arm 40 is as follows: a fixed shaft is fixed on the hammer arm 40 , and the connecting rope 62 is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft.
  • the connection rope 62 and the energy storage spring 63 are fixed in the following way: the end of the energy storage spring 63 is provided with a fixing nut and a connecting bolt connected with the fixing nut, and the tail end of the connecting bolt is fixedly connected with the wire rope.
  • the first embodiment of the uniaxially supported and guided breaker further includes a sliding jacket 70 fixed on the outer end of the boom 101 , a shock absorbing member 80 fixed on the upper end of the sliding jacket 70 , and a limiter 90 , and the shock absorbing member 80
  • the sliding cover 70 constitutes a part of the mounting base 10, and the drill rod 20 can be passed through the sliding cover 70 so as to move up and down. in the outer end of the arm 101 .
  • the drill rod 20 includes a rod main body 21 that can be moved up and down through the sliding casing 70 and the spring shock absorber 81, and a rod striking part 22 that is integrally provided on the upper end of the rod main body 21 and is strikingly matched with the hammer head 50.
  • the rod striking portion 22 is a convex block structure and protrudes radially from the rod main body portion 21.
  • the rod striking portion 22 is located outside the sliding casing 70 and the spring shock absorber 81, that is, on the upper side of the spring shock absorber 81, so the spring is reduced.
  • the shock 81 is located between the sliding casing 70 and the rod striking portion 22 of the drill rod 20 .
  • the stopper 90 is fixed on the rod main body 21 of the drill rod 20 .
  • the stopper 90 is located on the lower side of the sliding casing 70 facing away from the spring damper 81 and can abut against the sliding casing 70 .
  • the upward movement of the drill rod 20 is restricted by the abutment of the stopper 90 and the sliding casing 70
  • the downward movement of the drill rod 20 is restricted by the rod striking portion 22 of the drill rod 20 and the spring damper 81 .
  • Embodiment 1 of the uniaxially supported and guided breaker includes the following steps:
  • the piston rod of the supporting oil cylinder 103 extends downward, drives the boom 101 to rotate downward around the first pin shaft 161, and the boom 101 drives the drill rod 20 to move downward together, and press the drill rod 20 on the top of the hitting rock;
  • the piston rod of the supporting oil cylinder 103 continues to protrude downward, and the drill rod 20 moves upward until the stopper 90 and the sliding casing 70 abut and cooperate.
  • the high-pressure oil from the hydraulic system of the excavator enters the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving cylinder 31 through the pipeline, pushes the piston rod of the driving cylinder 31 to extend upward, and drives the hammer arm 40 and the hammer 50 to the direction away from the drill rod 20 Rotate upward, and at the same time compress the accumulating spring 63 through the connecting rope 62, the compressed accumulating spring 63 generates tension in the opposite direction, and the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 31 extends upward to the set stroke and stops moving upward.
  • the valve block of the excavator opens the oil discharge valve, then the high-pressure oil in the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving oil cylinder 31 is returned to the hydraulic system of the excavator through the pipeline, and the pressure in the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 drops, so that the piston rod moves toward the hydraulic system of the excavator.
  • the energy storage spring 63 in the open state pulls the hammer arm 40 downward through the connecting rope 62. In this way, under the combined action of the driving oil cylinder 31 and the energy storage spring 63, the hammer 50 is powerful The rod striking part 22 at the upper end of the drill rod 20 is hit downward, and the drill rod 20 stops moving after hitting the rock downward.
  • the energy storage unit 60 includes an energy storage cylinder 61 , the cylinder body of the energy storage cylinder 61 is hinged with the boom 101 through a third pin 163 , and the piston rod of the energy storage cylinder 61 is hinged with the hammer arm 40 through a fourth pin 164 , the storage
  • the energy cylinder 61 is provided with a nitrogen chamber 611 located on the upper side of the piston rod, and a charging valve communicated with the nitrogen chamber 611.
  • the nitrogen chamber 611 is filled with high-pressure nitrogen, and the nitrogen chamber 611 can be filled with high-pressure nitrogen through the charging valve, and the energy storage cylinder A part of the piston rod of 61 located in the cylinder body is located in the nitrogen chamber 611 , so the size of the nitrogen chamber 611 can be changed when the piston rod of the accumulating cylinder 61 expands and contracts. More specifically, when the first driving unit 30 drives the hammer arm 40 to rotate upward and moves the hammer 50 away from the drill rod 20, the hammer arm 40 drives the piston rod of the accumulating cylinder 61 to extend upward, so that the nitrogen The volume of the chamber 611 is reduced, and the nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 611 is compressed, so that the energy storage unit 60 is in an energy storage state.
  • the first driving unit 30 drives the hammer head arm 40 to rotate downwards and moves the hammer head 50 toward the direction close to the drill rod 20
  • the volume of the nitrogen chamber 611 increases, the nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 611 begins to expand, and pushes the energy storage cylinder 61
  • the piston rod of the energy storage cylinder 61 accelerates the movement of the hammer head 50 toward the direction close to the drill rod 20 by pulling down the arm 40 with the hammer head.
  • the energy storage cylinder 61 will simultaneously pull the hammer arm 40 and act simultaneously with the first driving unit 30, thereby greatly increasing the striking force , to improve the efficiency of crushing operations.
  • the second embodiment of the uniaxially supported and guided breaker further includes a drill rod casing 110 fixed on the outer end of the boom 101 , a shock absorber 80 fixed on the upper end of the drill rod casing 110 , and a travel limit pin 120 fixed in the drill rod casing 110 .
  • the shock absorbing component 80 is a rubber shock absorber 82, and the hammer head 50 can abut and cooperate with the rubber shock absorber 82;
  • the drill rod casing 110 can be moved up and down, and the upper sliding sleeve 130 and the sliding sleeve 140 are respectively fixed at the upper and lower ends of the drilling rod casing 110; It is realized that the drill rod 20 is supported in the outer end of the boom 101 so as to be movable up and down.
  • a limit groove 23 for accommodating the travel limit pin 120 is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the drill rod 20 , and the upper groove wall of the limit groove 23 constitutes a downward movement limit portion 24 that can abut and cooperate with the travel limit pin 120 .
  • the lower groove wall of the limiting groove 23 forms an upward movement limit portion 25 that can abut and cooperate with the travel limit pin 120 , and is used to limit the upward movement of the drill rod 20 .
  • the working process of the second embodiment of the uniaxially supported and guided breaker includes the following steps:
  • the piston rod supporting the oil cylinder 103 extends downward, and drives the boom 101 to rotate downward around the first pin shaft 161.
  • the boom 101 drives the drill rod 20 to move downward together, and presses the drill rod 20 on the top of the hitting rock;
  • the piston rod of the supporting oil cylinder 103 continues to extend downward, the drill rod 20 moves upward until the lower groove wall of the limiting groove 23 abuts against the travel limiting pin 120 .
  • the high-pressure oil from the hydraulic system of the excavator enters the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving oil cylinder 31 through the pipeline, pushes the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 31 to extend upward, and drives the hammer arm 40 and the hammer 50 to the direction away from the drill rod 20 Rotate upward, while compressing the nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 611 of the accumulating cylinder 61, the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 31 extends upward to the set stroke and stops moving upward.
  • the valve block of the excavator opens the oil discharge valve, then the high-pressure oil in the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 of the driving oil cylinder 31 is returned to the hydraulic system of the excavator through the pipeline, and the pressure in the driving high-pressure oil chamber 32 drops, so that the piston rod moves toward the hydraulic system of the excavator.
  • the nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 611 of the accumulating cylinder 61 begins to expand. In this way, under the combined action of the driving oil cylinder 31 and the accumulating cylinder 61, the hammer head 50 strikes the drill rod 20 forcefully downward, and the drill rod 20 Stop the movement after hitting the rock down.
  • the hammer head 50 When the hammer head 50 hits the drill rod 20 downward and still does not stop moving downward, the hammer head 50 will impact the rubber shock absorber 82, the rubber shock absorber 82 will be compressed, absorb part of the impact force, and reduce the impact on the drill rod jacket 110 and boom 101 shocks.
  • the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤，包括安装基座、钎杆、安装于安装基座的第一驱动单元、由第一驱动单元驱动转动的锤头臂、以及安装于锤头臂的锤头，锤头与钎杆打击配合，其特征在于：安装基座包括大臂、小臂、以及连接在大臂和小臂之间的第二驱动单元，大臂、小臂和锤头臂三者通过第一销轴同轴铰接，钎杆可上下移动地安装在大臂中，小臂上设有安装孔，第二驱动单元驱动大臂绕第一销轴相对于小臂转动。将大臂、小臂和锤头臂这三个臂连接在一起，采用三臂同轴的结构设计，能够使大臂和锤头臂的长度做的更长，能够增加锤头臂和锤头的运动行程；而锤头臂和锤头的运动行程越长，锤头打击钎杆的打击力度越大，由此实现打击行程长、打击力量大。

Description

一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械技术领域，特别是涉及一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤。
背景技术
破碎锤是液压挖掘机的一个重要作业工具，用于进行破碎作业。目前，活塞驱动式的破碎锤的打击原理是：长方形液压油缸体的上部有圆柱型活塞锤铁，锤铁在进行往复运动过程中，打击长方形液压油缸体下部的圆柱型钎杆，钎杆再去破碎岩石。然而，上述破碎锤的打击行程短，打击力量小。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种打击力量大的单轴支撑导向破碎锤。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤，包括安装基座、钎杆、安装于安装基座的第一驱动单元、由第一驱动单元驱动转动的锤头臂、以及安装于锤头臂的锤头，所述锤头与钎杆打击配合，所述安装基座包括大臂、小臂、以及连接在大臂和小臂之间的第二驱动单元，所述大臂、小臂和锤头臂三者通过第一销轴同轴铰接，所述钎杆可上下移动地安装在大臂中，所述小臂上设有安装孔，所述第二驱动单元驱动大臂绕第一销轴相对于小臂转动。
进一步地，在所述第一销轴处，所述大臂的端部设有容置小臂端部的凹槽；所述锤头臂有两个、沿第一销轴的轴向分布在大臂的外侧。
进一步地，所述第一驱动单元包括驱动油缸，所述驱动油缸的缸体和活塞杆分别与大臂和锤头臂铰接。
进一步地，所述第二驱动单元包括支撑油缸，所述支撑油缸的缸体和活塞杆分别与小臂和大臂铰接。
进一步地，所述单轴支撑导向破碎锤还包括安装于所述安装基座的蓄能单元，所述蓄能单元与锤头臂相连；
当所述第一驱动单元驱动锤头臂转动、并使锤头向远离钎杆的方向运动时，所述蓄能单元处于蓄能状态；
当所述第一驱动单元驱动锤头臂转动、并使锤头向靠近钎杆的方向运动时，所述蓄能单 元作用于锤头臂、使锤头向靠近钎杆的方向运动。
进一步地，所述蓄能单元包括蓄能气缸，所述蓄能气缸的缸体和活塞杆分别与大臂和锤头臂铰接，所述蓄能气缸设有位于其活塞杆一侧的氮气室、以及与氮气室连通的充气阀；
当所述第一驱动单元驱使锤头向远离钎杆的方向运动时，所述氮气室的体积减小；
当所述第一驱动单元驱使锤头向靠近钎杆的方向运动时，所述氮气室的体积增加。
进一步地，所述蓄能单元包括连接绳、固定于大臂的固定座、以及一端固定于固定座的蓄能弹簧，所述连接绳的两端分别与锤头臂、以及蓄能弹簧的另一端固定相连；
当所述第一驱动单元驱使锤头向远离钎杆的方向运动时，所述蓄能弹簧被压缩；
当所述第一驱动单元驱使锤头向靠近钎杆的方向运动时，所述蓄能弹簧处于弹开状态。
进一步地，所述蓄能单元还包括可转动地安装于大臂的导向轮，所述连接绳经绕过导向轮，且从所述导向轮中引伸至蓄能弹簧的这段连接绳沿蓄能弹簧的伸缩方向平直延伸。
进一步地，所述单轴支撑导向破碎锤还包括固定于大臂的滑动外套、固定于滑动外套的减震部件、以及限位器，所述钎杆包括可上下移动地穿设在滑动外套和减震部件中的杆主体部、以及一体地设在杆主体部端部且与锤头打击配合的杆打击部，所述杆打击部位于滑动外套和减震部件的外部、并能够与减震部件抵接配合，所述限位器固定于从滑动外套背向减震部件的一侧伸出的杆主体部、并能够与滑动外套抵接配合。
进一步地，所述单轴支撑导向破碎锤还包括固定于大臂的钎杆外套、以及固定在钎杆外套内的行程限位销，所述钎杆通过上滑套和下滑套可上下移动地穿设在钎杆外套中，所述钎杆的外周面上开设有容置行程限位销的限位槽，所述限位槽的上槽壁构成能够与行程限位销抵接配合的下移限位部，所述限位槽的下槽壁构成能够与行程限位销抵接配合的上移限位部。
如上所述，本发明涉及的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，具有以下有益效果：
通过单根第一销轴铰接大臂、小臂和锤头臂，单根第一销轴实现了几个功能：
1、将大臂、小臂和锤头臂这三个臂连接在一起，支撑大臂、小臂和锤头臂这三个臂的重量，且单轴旋转的摩擦面小，产生的摩擦力就小，节省动能；
2、引导锤头臂向固定位置冲击，确保锤头臂端部的锤头向固定位置冲击，从而确保锤头和钎杆始终处在一个相对固定的位置打击接触；
3、采用三臂同轴的结构设计，能够使大臂和锤头臂的长度做的更长，而锤头臂的长度直接决定锤头臂和锤头的运动行程、以及锤头与钎杆的分开距离，也就能够增加锤头臂和锤头的运动行程；而锤头臂和锤头的运动行程越长，锤头打击钎杆的打击力度越大，由此实现打击行程长、打击力量大；
4、通过第二驱动单元可实现小臂相对于大臂的变角度作业，提高作业灵活性；
5、当锤头臂在不工作时可以垂直于地面角度被保持，此时，小臂通过大臂带钎杆可以做正常的挖掘作业，且锤头臂此时靠近小臂，也就靠近挖掘机，也即使得锤头臂的重心更加靠近挖掘机、远离大臂，从而使得大臂带钎杆挖掘更轻松。
附图说明
图1为本申请中单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例一的结构示意图。
图2为图1在第一销轴处的断面图。
图3为本申请中单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例二的结构示意图。
图4为图3在第一销轴处的断面图。
图5为图3的A圈放大图。
元件标号说明
10                     安装基座
101                    大臂
102                    小臂
103                    支撑油缸
104                    安装孔
105                    凹槽
20                     钎杆
21                     杆主体部
22                     杆打击部
23                     限位槽
24                     下移限位部
25                     上移限位部
30                     第一驱动单元
31                     驱动油缸
32                     驱动高压油腔
40                     锤头臂
50                     锤头
51                     打击铁
60                     蓄能单元
61                     蓄能气缸
611                    氮气室
62                     连接绳
63                     蓄能弹簧
64                     导向轮
65                     固定座
70                     滑动外套
80                     减震部件
81                     弹簧减震器
82                     橡胶减震器
90                     限位器
110                    钎杆外套
120                    行程限位销
130                    上滑套
140                    下滑套
161                    第一销轴
162                    第二销轴
163                    第三销轴
164                    第四销轴
165                    第五销轴
166                    第六销轴
167                    第七销轴
168                    第八销轴
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
须知，本说明书附图所绘的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容， 以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
本申请提供一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤，该单轴支撑导向破碎锤安装在挖掘机的前端上，用于进行破碎待击碎物体的破碎作业。下述实施例以待击碎物体为岩石为例。
如图1或图3所示，本申请涉及的单轴支撑导向破碎锤包括安装基座10、上下延伸的钎杆20、安装于安装基座10的第一驱动单元30、由第一驱动单元30驱动转动的锤头臂40、以及安装在锤头臂40外端(即前端)的锤头50，锤头50与钎杆20的上端打击配合，钎杆20的下端设有尖头。特别地，安装基座10包括大臂101、靠近挖掘机外端侧设置的小臂102、以及连接在大臂101和小臂102之间的第二驱动单元；大臂101的内端(即后端)、小臂102的下端和锤头臂40的内端(即后端)三者通过第一销轴161同轴铰接，第一销轴161沿大臂101和小臂102的厚度方向轴向延伸；钎杆20沿自身长度方向可上下移动地安装在大臂101的外端；小臂102的内边缘侧设有两个安装孔104，两个安装孔104都为轴孔，通过安装孔104将小臂102安装在挖掘机的外端(即前端)，由此将单轴支撑导向破碎锤整体安装在挖掘机的前端；第二驱动单元驱动大臂101绕第一销轴161相对于小臂102上下转动，实现大臂101带动钎杆20相对于小臂102和挖掘机上下运动。
上述单轴支撑导向破碎锤作业时，首先，第二驱动单元驱动大臂101绕第一销轴161向下转动，则大臂101带动钎杆20一起向下运动，将钎杆20按在打击岩石的上面；随着第二驱动单元继续驱动大臂101向下运动，则钎杆20向上运动。之后，第一驱动单元30动作、驱动锤头臂40绕第一销轴161向远离钎杆20的方向向上转动，则锤头臂40带动锤头50向远离钎杆20的方向运动，锤头臂40能够以垂直于地面的角度被竖直保持，此时，锤头臂40及其重心靠近小臂102、远离大臂101。最后，第一驱动单元30反向动作，驱动锤头臂40绕第一销轴161向靠近钎杆20的方向向下转动，则锤头臂40带动锤头50向靠近钎杆20的方向运动，锤头50向下打击钎杆20，钎杆20打击岩石，直至锤头50停止向下运动。不断重复上述动作，实现对打击的岩石进行破碎。
本申请采用将大臂101、小臂102和锤头臂40这三个臂连接在一起的结构，第一、能够单轴支撑大臂101、小臂102和锤头臂40这三个臂的重量，且单轴旋转的摩擦面小，产生的 摩擦力就小，节省动能；第二、引导锤头臂40向固定位置冲击，确保锤头臂40端部的锤头50向固定位置冲击，从而确保锤头50和钎杆20始终处在一个相对固定的位置打击接触；第三、采用三臂同轴的结构设计，能够使大臂101和锤头臂40的长度做的更长，而锤头臂40的长度直接决定锤头臂40和锤头50的运动行程、以及锤头50与钎杆20的分开距离，也就能够增加锤头臂40和锤头50的运动行程；而锤头臂40和锤头50的运动行程越长，锤头50打击钎杆20的打击力度越大，由此实现打击行程长、打击力量大；第四、通过第二驱动单元可实现小臂102相对于大臂101的变角度作业，有利于快速作业，提高作业灵活性；第五、当锤头臂40在不工作时可以垂直于地面角度被保持，此时，小臂102通过大臂101带钎杆20可以做正常的挖掘作业，且锤头臂40此时靠近小臂102，也就靠近挖掘机，也即使得锤头臂40的重心更加靠近挖掘机、远离大臂101，从而使得大臂101带钎杆20挖掘更轻松。
优选地，如图1或图3所示，锤头臂40和锤头50之间为固定连接，比如可以将锤头臂40和锤头50设置为一体式结构；锤头50的下端设有与钎杆20接触配合的打击铁51，打击铁51优选呈梯形。
进一步地，如图1或图3所示，第一驱动单元30包括驱动油缸31，驱动油缸31的缸体通过第五销轴165与大臂101铰接，驱动油缸31的活塞杆通过第六销轴166与锤头臂40铰接。驱动油缸31设有位于其活塞杆下侧的驱动高压油腔32，驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32通过管道与液压***连通。优选地，液压***为挖掘机的液压***，故驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32内的高压油来自于挖掘机的液压***、也回流至挖掘机的液压***，液压油缸连接安装在挖掘机的阀组上。进行破碎作业时，来自挖掘机液压***的高压油通过管道进入驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32，推动驱动油缸31的活塞杆向上伸出，驱动锤头臂40和锤头50向远离钎杆20的方向向上转动。驱动油缸31的活塞杆向上伸出设定行程后，挖掘机的阀组将排油阀打开，则驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32内的高压油通过管道回流至挖掘机液压***，则驱动高压油腔32内的压力下降，使得活塞杆向下回缩，驱使锤头臂40和锤头50向靠近钎杆20的方向向下转动，锤头50向下打击钎杆20，使钎杆20打击至岩石，进行破碎作业。
进一步地，如图1或图3所示，第二驱动单元包括支撑油缸103，支撑油缸103的缸体通过第七销轴167与小臂102铰接，支撑油缸103的活塞杆通过第八销轴168与大臂101上端的三角型板铰接，支撑油缸103连接安装在挖掘机的阀组上。较优地，如图2或图4所示，在第一销轴161处，大臂101的内端设有容置小臂102下端的凹槽105，小臂102的下端位于大臂101内端的凹槽105内。并且，沿大臂101厚度方向(也即为第一销轴161的轴向) 各分布在大臂101的两外侧，将两个锤头臂40沿第一销轴161的轴向跨越设置在大臂101和小臂102的外侧，两个锤头臂40之间的区域能够容置小臂102，如此，锤头臂40带动锤头50打击钎杆20的过程中，锤头臂40不受大臂101和小臂102工作时所处在的角度位置限制，锤头臂40可以在任意位置下方锤头50打击钎杆20；同时，锤头臂40带动锤头50在大臂101和小臂102的外侧转动工作，有利于增加转动角度，延长其运动距离，也就有利于增加打击力量。
进一步地，如图1或图3所示，单轴支撑导向破碎锤还包括安装于安装基座10的蓄能单元60，蓄能单元60与锤头臂40相连、两者互相作用。在第一驱动单元30驱动锤头臂40绕第一销轴161向上转动、并使锤头50向远离钎杆20方向运动的过程中，锤头臂40作用于蓄能单元60，蓄能单元60处于蓄能状态。在第一驱动单元30驱动锤头臂40绕第一销轴161向下转动、并使锤头50向靠近钎杆20方向运动的过程中，蓄能单元60同时作用于锤头臂40、拉动锤头臂40绕第一销轴161向靠近钎杆20的方向向下转动，即蓄能单元60与第一驱动单元30的作用相同、共同驱使锤头50向靠近钎杆20的方向运动，进一步增加锤头50打击钎杆20的打击力，也即增加钎杆20破碎岩石的打击力，最终提高生产效率。
进一步地，蓄能单元60的结构有多种，钎杆20与大臂101之间的连接结构也有多种；基于不同结构的蓄能单元60、以及钎杆20与大臂101的连接结构，使得单轴支撑导向破碎锤具有多个实施例。下述针对蓄能单元60、以及钎杆20与大臂101连接结构的优选实施例，提供单轴支撑导向破碎锤的两个优选实施例。
单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例一
如图1所示，蓄能单元60包括连接绳62、以及安装位置固定的蓄能弹簧63，连接绳62的两端分别与锤头臂40、以及蓄能弹簧63固定相连。当第一驱动单元30驱使锤头50向远离钎杆20的方向运动时，锤头臂40拉动连接绳62、并通过连接绳62作用于蓄能弹簧63，使蓄能弹簧63被压缩，则蓄能弹簧63处于蓄能状态、产生反方向张力，由此使蓄能单元60处于蓄能状态。当第一驱动单元30驱使锤头50向靠近钎杆20的方向运动时，被压缩的蓄能弹簧63处于弹开状态，蓄能弹簧63通过连接绳62反过来拉动锤头臂40向靠近钎杆20的方向向下转动，如此有效增加锤头臂40的打击力量。
优选地，蓄能弹簧63的安装方式为：如图1所示，蓄能单元60还包括通过螺钉固定于大臂101的固定座65，固定座65中开设有沿蓄能弹簧63伸缩方向平直延伸、且与蓄能弹簧63导向配合的收容槽，蓄能弹簧63容置在固定座65的收容槽内、且蓄能弹簧63的一端与固定座65相固定，如此，将蓄能弹簧63的一端固定住，而蓄能弹簧63的另一端与连接绳 62相固定。蓄能弹簧63和固定座65构成弹簧蓄能器。
进一步地，如图1所示，蓄能单元60还包括导向轮64，导向轮64通过第二销轴162可转动地安装于大臂101；连接绳62经绕过导向轮64；从导向轮64中引伸出这段连接绳62穿过蓄能弹簧63与固定座65相固定的一端后、与蓄能弹簧63的另一端相固定，或者说，连接绳62与锤头臂40的固定连接端、导向轮64、大臂101与蓄能弹簧63的固定连接端、以及连接绳62与与蓄能弹簧63的固定连接端沿连接绳62的延伸方向依次排布；并且，从导向轮64中引伸至蓄能弹簧63的这段连接绳62沿蓄能弹簧63的伸缩方向平直延伸。如此，能够稳定地实现锤头臂40向上转动时锤头臂40通过连接绳62压缩蓄能弹簧63、以及锤头臂40向下转动时蓄能弹簧63通过连接绳62拉动锤头臂40向下转动。
优选地，连接绳62选用钢丝绳，具有较好的强度，经久耐用。连接绳62与锤头臂40的固定方式为：锤头臂40上固定有固定轴，连接绳62与固定轴固定相连。连接绳62与蓄能弹簧63的固定方式为：蓄能弹簧63的端部安装有固定螺母、以及与固定螺母相连的连接螺栓，连接螺栓的尾端与钢丝绳固定相连。
如图1所示，单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例一还包括固定在大臂101外端的滑动外套70、固定于滑动外套70上端的减震部件80、以及限位器90，减震部件80为弹簧减震器81，滑动外套70构成安装基座10的一部分，钎杆20可上下移动地穿设在滑动外套70中，如此，通过滑动外套70实现钎杆20可上下移动地支撑在大臂101的外端中。钎杆20包括可上下移动地穿设在滑动外套70和弹簧减震器81中的杆主体部21、以及一体地设在杆主体部21上端且与锤头50打击配合的杆打击部22，杆打击部22为凸块结构、径向凸出于杆主体部21，杆打击部22位于滑动外套70和弹簧减震器81的外部、即位于弹簧减震器81的上方侧，故弹簧减震器81位于滑动外套70和钎杆20的杆打击部22之间。限位器90固定在钎杆20的杆主体部21上，限位器90位于滑动外套70背向弹簧减震器81的下方侧、并能够与滑动外套70抵接配合。通过限位器90和滑动外套70的抵接配合限制钎杆20的上移行程，通过钎杆20的杆打击部22和弹簧减震器81限制钎杆20的下移行程。
如此，单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例一的工作过程包括以下步骤：
A1、支撑油缸103的活塞杆向下伸出，驱动大臂101绕第一销轴161向下转动，大臂101带动钎杆20一起向下运动，将钎杆20按在打击岩石的上面；支撑油缸103的活塞杆继续向下伸出，则钎杆20上移，直至限位器90和滑动外套70的抵接配合。
A2、来自挖掘机液压***的高压油通过管道进入驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32，推动驱动油缸31的活塞杆向上伸出，驱动锤头臂40和锤头50向远离钎杆20的方向向上转动， 同时通过连接绳62压缩蓄能弹簧63，被压缩的蓄能弹簧63产生反方向张力，驱动油缸31的活塞杆向上伸出至设定行程后停止上移。
A3、挖掘机的阀组将排油阀打开，则驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32内的高压油通过管道回流至挖掘机液压***，驱动高压油腔32内的压力下降，使得活塞杆向下回缩，同时，处于弹开状态的蓄能弹簧63通过连接绳62反过来向下拉动锤头臂40，如此，在驱动油缸31和蓄能弹簧63的共同作用下，锤头50有力的向下打击钎杆20上端的杆打击部22，钎杆20向下打击岩石后停止运动。当锤头50向下打击钎杆20的杆主体部21后仍没有停止向下运动时，杆打击部22会冲击与弹簧减震器81，弹簧减震器81将被压缩，吸收部分冲击力，减轻对滑动外套70和大臂101的冲击。
A4、上述步骤A1至步骤A3不断重复完成，对岩石进行破碎。
单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例二
蓄能单元60包括蓄能气缸61，蓄能气缸61的缸体通过第三销轴163与大臂101铰接，蓄能气缸61的活塞杆通过第四销轴164与锤头臂40铰接，蓄能气缸61设有位于活塞杆上侧的氮气室611、以及与氮气室611连通的充气阀，氮气室611内填充有高压氮气，通过充气阀可向氮气室611内填充高压氮气，蓄能气缸61的活塞杆位于缸体中的一部分即位于氮气室611中，故蓄能气缸61的活塞杆伸缩时能够改变氮气室611的大小。更具体地，当第一驱动单元30驱使锤头臂40向上转动、使锤头50向远离钎杆20的方向运动时，锤头臂40带动蓄能气缸61的活塞杆向上伸出，使得氮气室611的体积减小，将氮气室611内的氮气压缩，也就使蓄能单元60处于蓄能状态。当第一驱动单元30驱使锤头臂40向下转动、使锤头50向靠近钎杆20的方向运动时，氮气室611的体积增加，氮气室611内的氮气开始膨胀，推动蓄能气缸61的活塞杆快速向下移动、回缩，则蓄能气缸61的活塞杆通过向下拉带锤头臂40，加速使锤头50向靠近钎杆20的方向运动。因此，在第一驱动单元30通过锤头臂40使锤头50向下打击钎杆20时，蓄能气缸61同时会拉动锤头臂40、与第一驱动单元30同时作用，大大增加打击力量，提高破碎作业效率。
单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例二还包括固定在大臂101外端的钎杆外套110、固定在钎杆外套110上端的减震部件80、以及固定在钎杆外套110内的行程限位销120；减震部件80为橡胶减震器82，锤头50能够与橡胶减震器82抵接配合；钎杆外套110构成安装基座10的一部分，钎杆20通过上滑套130和下滑套140可上下移动地穿设在钎杆外套110内，上滑套130和下滑套140分别固定在钎杆外套110的上下两端处；如此，通过钎杆外套110、上滑套130和下滑套140实现钎杆20可上下移动地支撑在大臂101的外端中。钎杆20的外周面上 开设有容置行程限位销120的限位槽23，限位槽23的上槽壁构成能够与行程限位销120抵接配合的下移限位部24、用于限制钎杆20的下移行程，限位槽23的下槽壁构成能够与行程限位销120抵接配合的上移限位部25、用于限制钎杆20的上移行程。
如此，单轴支撑导向破碎锤实施例二的工作过程包括以下步骤：
B1、支撑油缸103的活塞杆向下伸出，驱动大臂101绕第一销轴161向下转动，大臂101带动钎杆20一起向下运动，将钎杆20按在打击岩石的上面；支撑油缸103的活塞杆继续向下伸出，则钎杆20上移，直至限位槽23的下槽壁与行程限位销120抵接配合。
B2、来自挖掘机液压***的高压油通过管道进入驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32，推动驱动油缸31的活塞杆向上伸出，驱动锤头臂40和锤头50向远离钎杆20的方向向上转动，同时压缩蓄能气缸61的氮气室611内的氮气，驱动油缸31的活塞杆向上伸出至设定行程后停止上移。
B3、挖掘机的阀组将排油阀打开，则驱动油缸31的驱动高压油腔32内的高压油通过管道回流至挖掘机液压***，驱动高压油腔32内的压力下降，使得活塞杆向下回缩，同时，蓄能气缸61的氮气室611内的氮气开始膨胀，如此，在驱动油缸31和蓄能气缸61的共同作用下，锤头50有力的向下打击钎杆20，钎杆20向下打击岩石后停止运动。当锤头50向下打击钎杆20后仍没有停止向下运动时，锤头50会冲击与橡胶减震器82，橡胶减震器82将被压缩，吸收部分冲击力，减轻对钎杆外套110和大臂101的冲击。
B4、上述步骤B1至步骤B3不断重复完成，对岩石进行破碎。
综上所述，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单轴支撑导向破碎锤，包括安装基座(10)、钎杆(20)、安装于安装基座(10)的第一驱动单元(30)、由第一驱动单元(30)驱动转动的锤头臂(40)、以及安装于锤头臂(40)的锤头(50)，所述锤头(50)与钎杆(20)打击配合，其特征在于：所述安装基座(10)包括大臂(101)、小臂(102)、以及连接在大臂(101)和小臂(102)之间的第二驱动单元，所述大臂(101)、小臂(102)和锤头臂(40)三者通过第一销轴(161)同轴铰接，所述钎杆(20)可上下移动地安装在大臂(101)中，所述小臂(102)上设有安装孔(104)，所述第二驱动单元驱动大臂(101)绕第一销轴(161)相对于小臂(102)转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：在所述第一销轴(161)处，所述大臂(101)的端部设有容置小臂(102)端部的凹槽(105)；所述锤头臂(40)有两个、沿第一销轴(161)的轴向分布在大臂(101)的外侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：所述第一驱动单元(30)包括驱动油缸(31)，所述驱动油缸(31)的缸体和活塞杆分别与大臂(101)和锤头臂(40)铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：所述第二驱动单元包括支撑油缸(103)，所述支撑油缸(103)的缸体和活塞杆分别与小臂(102)和大臂(101)铰接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：还包括安装于所述安装基座(10)的蓄能单元(60)，所述蓄能单元(60)与锤头臂(40)相连；
    当所述第一驱动单元(30)驱动锤头臂(40)转动、并使锤头(50)向远离钎杆(20)的方向运动时，所述蓄能单元(60)处于蓄能状态；
    当所述第一驱动单元(30)驱动锤头臂(40)转动、并使锤头(50)向靠近钎杆(20)的方向运动时，所述蓄能单元(60)作用于锤头臂(40)、使锤头(50)向靠近钎杆(20)的方向运动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：所述蓄能单元(60)包括蓄能气缸(61)，所述蓄能气缸(61)的缸体和活塞杆分别与大臂(101)和锤头臂(40)铰接，所述蓄能气缸(61)设有位于其活塞杆一侧的氮气室(611)、以及与氮气室(611)连通的充气阀；
    当所述第一驱动单元(30)驱使锤头(50)向远离钎杆(20)的方向运动时，所述氮气室(611)的体积减小；
    当所述第一驱动单元(30)驱使锤头(50)向靠近钎杆(20)的方向运动时，所述氮气室(611)的体积增加。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：所述蓄能单元(60)包括连接绳(62)、固定于大臂(101)的固定座(65)、以及一端固定于固定座(65)的蓄能弹簧(63)，所述连接绳(62)的两端分别与锤头臂(40)、以及蓄能弹簧(63)的另一端固定相连；
    当所述第一驱动单元(30)驱使锤头(50)向远离钎杆(20)的方向运动时，所述蓄能弹簧(63)被压缩；
    当所述第一驱动单元(30)驱使锤头(50)向靠近钎杆(20)的方向运动时，所述蓄能弹簧(63)处于弹开状态。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：所述蓄能单元(60)还包括可转动地安装于大臂(101)的导向轮(64)，所述连接绳(62)经绕过导向轮(64)，且从所述导向轮(64)中引伸至蓄能弹簧(63)的这段连接绳(62)沿蓄能弹簧(63)的伸缩方向平直延伸。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：还包括固定于大臂(101)的滑动外套(70)、固定于滑动外套(70)的减震部件(80)、以及限位器(90)，所述钎杆(20)包括可上下移动地穿设在滑动外套(70)和减震部件(80)中的杆主体部(21)、以及一体地设在杆主体部(21)端部且与锤头(50)打击配合的杆打击部(22)，所述杆打击部(22)位于滑动外套(70)和减震部件(80)的外部、并能够与减震部件(80)抵接配合，所述限位器(90)固定于从滑动外套(70)背向减震部件(80)的一侧伸出的杆主体部(21)、并能够与滑动外套(70)抵接配合。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的单轴支撑导向破碎锤，其特征在于：还包括固定于大臂(101)的钎杆外套(110)、以及固定在钎杆外套(110)内的行程限位销(120)，所述钎杆(20)通过上滑套(130)和下滑套(140)可上下移动地穿设在钎杆外套(110)中，所述钎杆(20)的外周面上开设有容置行程限位销(120)的限位槽(23)，所述限位槽(23)的 上槽壁构成能够与行程限位销(120)抵接配合的下移限位部(24)，所述限位槽(23)的下槽壁构成能够与行程限位销(120)抵接配合的上移限位部(25)。
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