WO2021208449A1 - 光电传感器 - Google Patents

光电传感器 Download PDF

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WO2021208449A1
WO2021208449A1 PCT/CN2020/132403 CN2020132403W WO2021208449A1 WO 2021208449 A1 WO2021208449 A1 WO 2021208449A1 CN 2020132403 W CN2020132403 W CN 2020132403W WO 2021208449 A1 WO2021208449 A1 WO 2021208449A1
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electrode
transistor
photoelectric sensor
layer
photosensitive layer
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French (fr)
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周正三
黄振昌
范成至
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神盾股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020227034496A priority Critical patent/KR20220148279A/ko
Priority to US17/913,820 priority patent/US20230261013A1/en
Publication of WO2021208449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208449A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14601Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/14603Special geometry or disposition of pixel-elements, address-lines or gate-electrodes
    • H01L27/14607Geometry of the photosensitive area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14601Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/14609Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
    • H01L27/1461Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements characterised by the photosensitive area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14601Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/14609Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
    • H01L27/14612Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements involving a transistor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14643Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14683Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of these devices or parts thereof
    • H01L27/14692Thin film technologies, e.g. amorphous, poly, micro- or nanocrystalline silicon

Definitions

  • Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a photoelectric sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel structure in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the photosensitive area relative to the overall area of the pixel in a pixel structure in which thin film transistors and photodiodes are arranged side by side;
  • the photosensitive layer 224 is an intrinsic semiconductor layer
  • the first electrode 222 is a P-type doped semiconductor layer
  • the second electrode 226 is an N-type doped semiconductor layer.
  • the first electrode 222 is a heavily doped p-type polysilicon layer
  • the photosensitive layer 224 is an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer
  • the second electrode is a heavily doped p-type polysilicon layer. Heavily doped n-type amorphous silicon layer.
  • the first electrode 222 may be an N-type doped semiconductor layer
  • the second electrode 226 may be a P-type doped semiconductor layer.
  • the transistor 210 is a thin film transistor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种光电传感器(100),包括基板(110)及多个像素结构(200),这些像素结构(200)配置于基板(110)上,且排成阵列;每一像素结构(200)包括晶体管(210)及光电二极管(220),光电二极管(220)包括第一电极(222)、感光层(224)及第二电极(226);第一电极(222)与晶体管(210)呈侧向并排,感光层(224)的第一部分(P1)配置于第一电极(222)上,且感光层(224)的第二部分(P2)从第一部分(P1)延伸至晶体管(210)上方;第二电极(226)配置于感光层(224)上,且位于第一电极(222)与晶体管(210)上方。

Description

光电传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光电元件,尤其涉及一种光电传感器(photoelectric sensor)。
背景技术
光电传感器一般是以光电二极管(photodiode)来感测光线,且一般的结构包括基板及配置于基板上的光电二极管与晶体管。在薄膜晶体管(thin film transistor,TFT)光电传感器的像素结构中,薄膜晶体管与光电二极管是以并排的方式设置于基板上。
为使光电传感器的光电二极管(即感光单元)能获得更多的入射光线能量,光电二极管的面积需尽量放大。然而,虽然光电二极管面积放大可以增加进光量,但却会影响与其并排的薄膜晶体管。薄膜晶体管依制造工艺有其最小的面积需求。在加大光电二极管的尺寸时,因薄膜晶体管无法缩小,将造成光电传感器的填充因子(fill factor)无法提升,其中填充因子为光电二极管的面积除以光电传感器的像素结构的面积后所得到的比值。
此外,当光电传感器应用在屏下式指纹传感器中时,由于屏幕会阻挡大部分的光线,因此对光电传感器的感光要求会比应用在其他场合时高出许多。此时,提升光电传感器的填充因子(fill factor)就变得相当重要。
发明内容
本发明提供一种光电传感器,其具有高填充因子,且可以利用较简易的制程来制作。
本发明的一实施例提出一种光电传感器,包括基板及多个像素结构,这些像素结构配置于基板上,且排成阵列。每一像素结构包括晶体管及光电二极管,光电二极管包括第一电极、感光层及第二电极。第一电极与晶体管呈侧向并排,感光层的第一部分配置于第一电极上,且感光层的第二部分从第一部分延伸至晶体管上方。第二电极配置于感光层上,且位于第一电极与晶 体管上方。
在本发明的实施例的光电传感器中,由于用以感光的感光层延伸至晶体管上方,感光面积增加,因此可以有效地提高光电传感器的填充因子。此外,上述光电传感器的结构适用于原有的较简易的制程,而可以不必为了此结构上的创新而需要较先进的制程来制造。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一实施例的光电传感器的上视示意图;
图2为图1中的像素结构的剖面示意图;
图3A为薄膜晶体管与光电二极管并排的像素结构中感光面积相对于像素整体面积的分布示意图;
图3B为图2的像素结构中感光面积相对于像素整体面积的分布示意图。
具体实施方式
现将详细地参考本发明的示范性实施例,示范性实施例的实例说明于附图中。只要有可能,相同元件符号在附图和描述中用来表示相同或相似部分。
图1为本发明的一实施例的光电传感器的上视示意图,而图2为图1中的像素结构的剖面示意图。请参照图1与图2,本实施例的光电传感器100包括基板110及多个像素结构200,这些像素结构200配置于基板110上,且排成阵列。在本实施例中,光电传感器100例如是图像传感器,这些像素结构200分别形成图像传感器的多个像素。在本实施例中,基板110为玻璃基板、蓝宝石基板(sapphire substrate)或半导体基板,其中半导体基板例如为硅基板、氮化镓基板、砷化镓基板或其他半导体材质的基板。
每一像素结构200包括晶体管210及光电二极管220,光电二极管220包括第一电极222、感光层224及第二电极226。第一电极222与晶体管210呈侧向并排,感光层224的第一部分P1配置于第一电极222上,且感光层224的第二部分P2从第一部分P1延伸至晶体管210上方。第二电极226配置于感光层224上,且位于第一电极222与晶体管210上方。在本实施例中,第一电极222与感光层224的第一部分P1接触,且第二电极226与感光层224的第一部分P1及第二部分P2都有接触,以形成光电二极管结构。
在本实施例中,感光层224为本征半导体层(intrinsic semiconductor layer),第一电极222为P型掺杂半导体层,且第二电极226为N型掺杂半导体层。举例而言,第一电极222为重掺杂P型多晶硅层(heavily doped p-type polysilicon layer),感光层224为本征非晶硅层(intrinsic amorphous silicon layer),且第二电极为重掺杂N型非晶硅层(heavily doped n-type amorphous silicon layer)。然而,在另一实施例中,也可以是第一电极222为N型掺杂半导体层,且第二电极226为P型掺杂半导体层。此外,在本实施例中,晶体管210为薄膜晶体管。
在本实施例的光电传感器100中,由于用以感光的感光层224的第二部分P2延伸至晶体管210上方,感光面积增加,因此可以有效地提高光电传感器100的填充因子。此外,上述光电传感器100的结构适用于原有的较简易的制程(例如半导体制程),而可以不必为了此结构上的创新而需要较先进的制程(例如较先进的半导体制程)来制造,因此可以有效控制光电传感器100的制造成本。
在本实施例中,感光层224的第二部分P2覆盖晶体管210,且第二电极226覆盖晶体管210。此外,第二电极226也覆盖第一电极222。每一像素结构200还包括绝缘层230,配置于感光层224的第二部分P2与晶体管210之间。
在本实施例中,晶体管210具有控制端212、第一端214及第二端216,控制端212例如为栅极(gate),第一端214与第二端216例如分别为源极(source)与漏极(drain),或分别为漏极与源极。在本实施例中,第二端216与第一电极222为同一半导体层所形成,或者第一端214、第二端216与第一电极222为同一半导体层所形成,也就是说,第一端214、第二端216与第一电极222可通过同一道光罩制程定义而成。如此一来,晶体管210与光电二极管220的制程仍能够有效地整合在一起,以减少所需的光罩数量,进而有效降低光电传感器100的制造成本。
另外,在本实施例中,晶体管210可还包括遮光层218,配置于控制端212上方,以遮挡来自遮光层218上方的光,抑制光照射于电性连接第一端214与第二端216的通道层219上的量,进而使晶体管210的运作不受外界传来的光所干扰。
图3A为薄膜晶体管与光电二极管并排的像素结构中感光面积相对于像素整体面积的分布示意图,而图3B为图2的像素结构中感光面积相对于像素整体面积的分布示意图。请先参照图3A,在薄膜晶体管与光电二极管并排的像素结构中,由光电二极管的感光层所形成的感光面积A1相对于像素结构的整体面积A2的比例(即填充因子)一般约为33%,此时感光面积A1例如约为1600平方微米,像素结构的整体面积A2例如约为4900平方微米。请再参照图2与图3B,在本实施例的像素结构200中,由于感光层224延伸至晶体管210上方,因此光电二极管220的感光层224所形成的感光面积A1’相对于像素结构200的整体面积A2’的比例(即填充因子)提升至69%,此时感光面积A1’例如为4410平方微米,而像素结构200的整体面积A2’例如为6400微米。也就是说,相较于采用薄膜晶体管与光电二极管并排的像素结构的光电传感器,本实施例的光电传感器100的填充因子被大幅地提升。
综上所述,在本发明的实施例的光电传感器中,由于用以感光的感光层延伸至晶体管上方,感光面积增加,因此可以有效地提高光电传感器的填充因子。此外,上述光电传感器的结构适用于原有的较简易的制程,而可以不必为了此结构上的创新而需要较先进的制程来制造。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光电传感器,其特征在于,包括:
    基板;以及
    多个像素结构,配置于所述基板上,且排成阵列,每一像素结构包括:
    晶体管;以及
    光电二极管,包括:
    第一电极,与所述晶体管呈侧向并排;
    感光层,其中所述感光层的第一部分配置于所述第一电极上,且所述感光层的第二部分从所述第一部分延伸至所述晶体管上方;以及
    第二电极,配置于所述感光层上,且位于所述第一电极与所述晶体管上方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述感光层及所述第二电极覆盖所述晶体管。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述第二电极也覆盖所述第一电极。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,每一像素结构还包括绝缘层,配置于所述感光层的所述第二部分与所述晶体管之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述感光层为本征半导体层,所述第一电极为P型掺杂半导体层,且所述第二电极为N型掺杂半导体层。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述感光层为本征半导体层,所述第一电极为N型掺杂半导体层,且所述第二电极为P型掺杂半导体层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述晶体管为薄膜晶体管。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述晶体管具有控制端、第一端及第二端,且所述第二端与所述第一电极为同一半导体层所形成。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述第一电极为重掺杂P型多晶硅层,所述感光层为本征非晶硅层,且所述第二电极为重掺杂 N型非晶硅层。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的光电传感器,其特征在于,所述基板为玻璃基板、蓝宝石基板或半导体基板。
PCT/CN2020/132403 2020-04-16 2020-11-27 光电传感器 WO2021208449A1 (zh)

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