WO2021193982A1 - 神経細胞変性阻害剤 - Google Patents
神経細胞変性阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021193982A1 WO2021193982A1 PCT/JP2021/014251 JP2021014251W WO2021193982A1 WO 2021193982 A1 WO2021193982 A1 WO 2021193982A1 JP 2021014251 W JP2021014251 W JP 2021014251W WO 2021193982 A1 WO2021193982 A1 WO 2021193982A1
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- phenyl
- triazine
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- A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to two ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D251/42—One nitrogen atom
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent (pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical composition) containing a compound useful for treating motor neuron disease or dementia.
- GGGGCC 6-base repeated sequence
- FTD frontotemporal dementia
- Non-Patent Document 1 RNA transcribed from the C9orf72 gene in which G4C2 repeats are abnormally elongated is easily aggregated, and it is known that nuclear proteins are involved to form nuclear aggregates (hereinafter referred to as RNA foci) (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1, 2).
- the RNA is translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (hereinafter referred to as DPRs) by repeat-associated non-ATG translation (hereinafter referred to as RAN translation), and DPRs form inclusion bodies in cells. It is known (Non-Patent Documents 3, 4, 5).
- RNA foci and DPRs are considered to be the main causes of neurodegeneration in the disease due to their cytotoxicity (Non-Patent Document 6), and if their production can be effectively suppressed, the onset can be prevented or the pathological progression after the onset can be prevented. Is thought to be able to be effectively suppressed. So far, various model systems have been used to search for genes that can suppress the production of RNA foci and / or DPRs. For example, FUS (the responsible gene for ALS6) was identified as a gene that suppresses RAN translation and compound eye nerve degeneration by overexpression by screening using a Drosophila model that expresses abnormally elongated G4C2 repeats in compound eyes (Patent Document 1). ..
- Non-Patent Document 7 an antisense oligonucleotide against the C9orf72 gene has also been developed, and it has been reported that it inhibits the formation of RNA foci and effectively suppresses neuronal cell death (for example, Non-Patent Document 7).
- small molecule compounds that can effectively block the production of RNA foci and / or DPRs due to G4C2 repeats have not yet been reported.
- An object of the present invention is to find a compound capable of effectively suppressing the production of RNA foci and DPRs, which are considered to be the causes of neurodegeneration in motor neuron diseases and dementia represented by FTD, and use them as prophylactic or therapeutic agents for the diseases. It is to provide an agent (pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical composition) that can be used.
- the motor neurons induced to differentiate from iPS cells derived from ALS patients having abnormally elongated G4C2 repeats by overexpression of Lhx3, Ngn2, and Isl1 genes are RNA foci. And it was found that DPRs spontaneously occur and lead to neurodegeneration.
- the differentiation-inducing method for expressing the three genes is a method developed by the present inventors as a method capable of inducing differentiation into motor neurons in a short period of time and with high synchronization (WO 2014/148646, and K. Imamara et. al, Science Transitional Medicine 2017, 9, eaaf3962).
- the present invention has been completed by finding that it can be a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for dementia and / or dementia.
- R 1 has the formula (a-1) or (a-2)
- R 11 and R 12 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group, respectively.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group.
- R 14 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-14 aryl group.
- R 21 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, or a C 7-16 aralkyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom.
- R 22 independently represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group.
- n represents 0, 1 or 2.
- Indicates a group represented by R 3 independently represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group.
- m indicates 0, 1 or 2
- L represents a C 1-3 alkylene group.
- a nerve cell degeneration inhibitor hereinafter, also referred to as "the agent of the present invention" containing the compound represented by (hereinafter, also referred to as compound (I)).
- Both R 11 and R 12 are hydrogen atoms, and R 13 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group.
- R 14 is a C 1-6 alkyl group and R 21 is a C 1-6 alkyl group, or a C 7-16 aralkyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom.
- R 22 is a halogen atom, n is 0 or 1, m is 0 and L is a methylene group.
- the compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof is (1) 4- (4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl) -N- ⁇ 3-[(S-methanesulfonimideyl) methyl] phenyl ⁇ -1,3,5-triazine-2-amine, (2) 1- (3- ⁇ [4- (2-Methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2-yl] amino ⁇ phenyl) methanesulfonamide, (3) 1- (3- ⁇ [4- (4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2-yl] amino ⁇ phenyl) methanesulfonamide, (4) 1- [3-( ⁇ 4- [2- (benzyloxy) phenyl] -1,3,5-triazine-2-yl ⁇ amino) phenyl] methanesulfonamide, (5) 4- ⁇ 2-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)
- a method for inhibiting nerve cell degeneration in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an effective amount of the compound according to any one of the above [1] to [3] or a salt thereof.
- a method for preventing or treating a neuronal degenerative disease in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an effective amount of the compound according to any one of the above [1] to [3] or a salt thereof.
- an agent which is excellent in suppressing the production of RNA foci and DPRs for a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by abnormal G4C2 repeat elongation of the C9orf72 gene and can be used as a preventive or therapeutic effect for the disease.
- NS a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by abnormal G4C2 repeat elongation of the C9orf72 gene
- the present invention provides a nerve cell degeneration inhibitor containing a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof (hereinafter, may be referred to as “compound (I)”) as an active ingredient.
- R 1 has the formula (a-1) or (a-2)
- R 11 and R 12 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group, respectively.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group.
- R 14 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-14 aryl group.
- R 21 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, or a C 7-16 aralkyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom.
- R 22 independently represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group.
- n represents 0, 1 or 2.
- Indicates a group represented by R 3 independently represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group.
- m indicates 0, 1 or 2
- L represents a C 1-3 alkylene group.
- each substituent has the following definition.
- examples of the "halogen atom” include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the "C 1-6 alkyl group” includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl. , Isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl.
- the "C 3-8 cycloalkyl group” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl, bicyclo [2.2. 2] Octyl, bicyclo [3.2.1] Octyl, adamantyl.
- examples of the "C 6-14 aryl group” include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, and 9-antryl.
- examples of the "C 7-16 aralkyl group” include benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl and phenylpropyl.
- examples of the "C 1-6 alkoxy group” include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy.
- the "C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group” includes, for example, acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl, pentanoyl, 3-methylbutanoyl, 2-methylbutanoyl, 2,2-. Examples thereof include dimethylpropanoyl, hexanoyl and heptanoyle.
- C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group includes, for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, Examples thereof include pentyloxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl.
- the “C 1-3 alkylene group” includes, for example, ⁇ CH 2 ⁇ , ⁇ (CH 2 ) 2 ⁇ , ⁇ (CH 2 ) 3 ⁇ , ⁇ CH (CH 3 ) ⁇ , ⁇ CH 2 Examples thereof include CH (CH 3 ) ⁇ , ⁇ CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 ⁇ , ⁇ C (CH 3 ) 2 ⁇ , and ⁇ CH (C 2 H 5 ) ⁇ .
- R 1 has the formula (a-1) or (a-2)
- R 11 and R 12 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group, respectively, and R 13 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group or a C 1-6. It represents an alkoxy-carbonyl group, where R 14 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group or a C 6-14 aryl group. R 11 and R 12 are preferably both hydrogen atoms.
- R 13 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group (eg, ethoxycarbonyl), and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 14 is preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, methyl), and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- R 1 is preferably a group represented by the formula (a-2).
- R 2 has the formula (b-1) ⁇ (b -3)
- R 21 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, or a C 7-16 alkoxy group optionally substituted with a halogen atom
- R 22 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group, respectively, and n represents 0, 1 or 2.
- R 21 is preferably a C 7-16 aralkyl group (eg, benzyl) optionally substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, methyl) or a halogen atom (eg, chlorine atom), and more.
- a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, methyl) is preferred, and a methyl group is particularly preferred.
- R 22 is preferably a halogen atom (eg, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom), and particularly preferably a fluorine atom.
- n is preferably 0 or 1, and particularly preferably 1.
- R 2 is preferably a group represented by the formula (b-1).
- R 3 independently represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group.
- m represents 0, 1 or 2.
- m is preferably 0.
- L represents a C 1-3 alkylene group.
- L is preferably a methylene group.
- R 1 is a group represented by the formula (a-1) or (a-2).
- R 11 and R 12 are both hydrogen atoms
- R 13 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group (eg, ethoxycarbonyl).
- R 14 is a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, methyl).
- R 2 is a group represented by the formula (b-1) ⁇ (b -3)
- R 21 is a C 7-16 aralkyl group (eg, benzyl) that may be substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, methyl) or a halogen atom (eg, chlorine atom).
- R 22 is a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom).
- n is 0 or 1
- m is 0 and L is a methylene group.
- compound (I) include the following compounds. (1) 4- (4-Fluor-2-methoxyphenyl) -N- ⁇ 3-[(S-methanesulfonimideyl) methyl] phenyl ⁇ -1,3,5-triazine-2-amine (Compound No. 1) ), (2) 1- (3- ⁇ [4- (2-Methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2-yl] amino ⁇ phenyl) methanesulfonamide (Compound No.
- salts with inorganic bases include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt and magnesium salt; aluminum salt; ammonium salt.
- salts with organic bases include trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picolin, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine [tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamine], tert-butylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, Examples thereof include salts with dicyclohexylamine and N, N-dibenzylethylenediamine.
- salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
- salts with organic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid.
- Salt with p-toluene sulfonic acid Preferable examples of salts with basic amino acids include salts with arginine, lysine and ornithine.
- salt with an acidic amino acid include a salt with aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- compound (I) When compound (I) is obtained as a free compound, it can be converted into a target salt by a method known per se. Alternatively, when compound (I) is obtained as a salt, it can be converted to a free form or another type of salt of interest by a method known per se.
- nerve cell degeneration means any one or more of neurite retraction, neurite fragmentation, neurite loss, cell body atrophy, cell body fragmentation, and cell body loss. Refers to the occurrence of anomalies. In general, nerve cell degeneration can be detected and evaluated using cell death as an index (practically as the reciprocal of the number of living nerve cells).
- RNA foci containing RNA transcribed from the repeat sequence as a component, or DPRs generated by RAN translation from the RNA can be used as an index to detect and evaluate neurodegeneration. Both RNA foci and DPRs can be detected and quantified by a well-known and commonly used method. RNA foci is analyzed by the FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) method, for example, using an oligonucleotide (preferably labeled with fluorescence or the like) containing a sequence complementary to the repeat sequence as a probe for nerve cells.
- FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
- the fluorescent signal dots existing in the nucleus of the cell may be detected. Then, the RNA foci production level may be quantitatively evaluated by measuring the number of dots per nerve cell or per unit area (for example, the observation field area, the nuclear staining area area in the observation field, etc.).
- DPRs are prepared by, for example, a well-known and commonly used immunoassay technique (for example, ELISA) using an antibody against DPRs that can be generated from a repeat sequence of the hexa (or tri) nucleotide against a nerve cell-derived lysate or extract. Method) The DPRs may be detected and quantified. Further, nerve cells may be immunostained with the antibody and detected and quantified as the antibody-positive dots.
- the cell degeneration inhibition rate of motor neurons by a certain compound may be calculated using the following formula.
- Motor neuron degeneration inhibitory activity of the test compound ((XC) / (TC)) ⁇ 100
- X Number of motor neurons in the test compound group y days after the start of culture
- C Number of motor neurons in the DMSO group y days after the start of culture
- T Number of motor neurons in the DMSO group x days after the start of culture
- x is a target.
- y is selected from any day in which spontaneous cell death occurs in the subject.
- the agent of the present invention can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal elongation of repeats. It can be preferably used. Furthermore, since it is believed that there is a common sequence-independent mechanism in the process of producing RNA foci and DPRs from hexa (or tri) nucleotide repeats, the agents of the present invention have hexa (or tri) nucleotide abnormalities. It is expected as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for all neurodegenerative diseases associated with elongation.
- the neurodegenerative diseases include motor neuron diseases and dementia.
- the motor neuron diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive bulbar palsy, progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive pseudobulbar palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, and Parkinson's disease. , Multiple system atrophy, Huntington's disease, spinal muscular degeneration, muscular tonic dystrophy, fragile X syndrome-related diseases, ophthalmic myopathy, Fuchs corneal dystrophy, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and the like. In the present specification, these diseases may be referred to as "motor neuron diseases”.
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, fragile X syndrome-related diseases, and spinocerebellar degeneration are the target motor neurons of the agent according to the present invention.
- the dementia include frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Lewy body dementias, and the like, and FTD is a particularly suitable target dementia disease.
- FTD frontotemporal dementia
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent can be used for the disease regardless of whether it is sporadic or familial.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for the disease in mammals (eg, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, humans, etc.).
- the agent of the present invention may contain one kind of compound (I), or may contain two or more kinds in combination.
- Compound (I) has excellent pharmacokinetics (eg, blood drug half-life, intracerebral transferability, metabolic stability) and low toxicity (eg, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, etc.)
- Mammalian (eg, human, monkey) as a pharmaceutical composition for example, human, monkey
- a pharmaceutical composition mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, etc. in terms of drug interaction, carcinogenicity, etc.
- Cows, horses, pigs, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, sheep, goats can be safely administered orally or parenterally.
- Parental includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, organ, intranasal, intradermal, eye drops, intracerebral, rectal, vaginal, intraperitoneal, intratumor, proximal tumor, etc. Includes direct lesion administration.
- the dose of the compound (I) varies depending on the administration route, symptoms, etc., but for example, when orally administered to a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (adult, body weight 40 to 80 kg, for example 60 kg), for example, per day. It is 0.001 to 1000 mg / kg body weight, preferably 0.01 to 100 mg / kg body weight per day, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 mg / kg body weight per day. This amount can be administered once to three times a day.
- the agent of the present invention uses compound (I) alone or with compound (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to a method known per se as a method for producing a pharmaceutical preparation (eg, a method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia). Can be used as a mixed pharmaceutical composition.
- the agent (pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical composition) of the present invention includes, for example, tablets (including sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, sublingual tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, buccal tablets, etc.), suppositories, powders, granules, capsules (soft capsules).
- Agents including microcapsules), troches, syrups, liquids, emulsions, suspensions, release controlled preparations (eg, immediate release preparations, sustained release preparations, sustained release microcapsules), aerosols, Film preparations (eg, oral disintegration film, oral mucosal patch film), injections (eg, subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections), drops, transdermal preparations, Oral or parenteral (eg, as ointments, lotions, patches, suppositories (eg, anal suppositories, vaginal suppositories), pellets, nasal preparations, transpulmonary agents (inhalants), eye drops, etc.) , Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, organ, nasal, intradermal, instillation, intracerebral, rectal, vaginal, intraperitoneal, lesion) can be safely administered.
- Film preparations eg, oral disintegration film, oral
- various organic or inorganic carriers commonly used as pharmaceutical materials are used.
- excipients in solid formulations, excipients, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, etc. are used, and in liquid formulations, solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, isotonic agents, buffers, and the like.
- An analgesic agent or the like is used.
- pharmaceutical additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, and sweeteners can also be used.
- Excipients include, for example, lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, starch, cornstarch, crystalline cellulose and light silicic acid anhydride.
- Examples of the lubricant include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, and colloidal silica.
- Examples of the binder include crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, dextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose, gelatin, methyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
- Examples of the disintegrant include starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and L-hydroxypropyl cellulose.
- Examples of the solvent include water for injection, alcohol, propylene glycol, macrogol, sesame oil, corn oil, and olive oil.
- solubilizing agent examples include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate.
- suspending agent examples include surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, laurylaminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and glycerin monostearate; for example, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Hydrophilic polymers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and the like.
- the tonicity agent include glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, glycerin, and D-mannitol.
- the buffer include a buffer solution such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, and citrate.
- the soothing agent include benzyl alcohol.
- preservatives include paraoxybenzoic acid esters, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and sorbic acid.
- the antioxidant include sulfites, ascorbic acid, and ⁇ -tocopherol.
- the pharmaceutical composition (formulation) varies depending on the dosage form, administration method, carrier, etc., but the compound (I) is usually 0.01 to 100% (w / w), preferably 0.1 to 95%, based on the total amount of the preparation. By adding at a ratio of% (w / w), it can be produced according to a conventional method.
- Compound (I) may be used alone as an agent (pharmaceutical or pharmaceutical composition), or may be used in combination of two or more. Unless otherwise stated herein, compound (I) also includes combinations of a plurality of compounds. Compound (I) may be used in combination with another active ingredient (hereinafter, abbreviated as concomitant drug).
- concomitant drug examples include the following. Benzodiazepine (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, potassium chlorazebate, lorazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam, etc.), L-type calcium channel blocker (pregabalin, etc.), tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants (imipramine hydrochloride, amitriptyrin hydrochloride, decipramine hydrochloride, etc.) Chromipramine hydrochloride, etc.), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluboxamine maleate, floxetine hydrochloride, citaloplum bromide, celtralin hydrochloride, paroxetine hydrochloride, escitaloplum oxalate, etc.), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (benrafaxin hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid, etc.) Duroxetin, desvenr
- Fibrate crofibrate, etc.
- Squalene synthesis inhibitor Abnormal behavior therapeutic drug or dementia-induced wandering inhibitor (soothing drug, anti-anxiety drug, etc.), apoptosis inhibitor, anti-obesity drug, sugar Urine disease drug, hypertension drug, hypotension drug, rheumatism drug (DMARD), anticancer drug, parathyroid drug (PTH), calcium receptor antagonist, sex hormone or its derivative (progesterone, estradiol, estradiol benzoate) Etc.), Neurodifferentiation promoters, Neuroregeneration promoters, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Meroxycam, Tenoxicam, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Celecoxib, Lofecoxyb, Aspirin, etc.), Steroids (Dexametazone, Cortisone acetate, etc.), Anticytocytogene drugs (TNF) Inhibitors, MAP kines inhibitors, etc.), antibody drugs, nucleic acid
- compound (I) By combining compound (I) with a concomitant drug (1) The dose can be reduced as compared with the case where the compound (I) or the concomitant drug is administered alone. (2) A drug to be used in combination with compound (I) can be selected according to the patient's symptoms (mild, severe, etc.). (3) The treatment period can be set longer by selecting a concomitant drug having a mechanism of action different from that of compound (I). (4) By selecting a concomitant drug having a different mechanism of action from compound (I), the therapeutic effect can be sustained. (5) By using the compound (I) in combination with the concomitant drug, excellent effects such as a synergistic effect can be obtained.
- the combined use of compound (I) and a concomitant drug is referred to as "the concomitant drug of the present invention".
- the administration time of the compound (I) and the concomitant drug is not limited, and the compound (I) or the pharmaceutical composition thereof and the concomitant drug or the pharmaceutical composition thereof are administered to the administration subject. They may be administered at the same time or at different times.
- the dose of the concomitant drug may be based on the clinically used dose, and can be appropriately selected depending on the administration target, administration route, disease, combination and the like.
- the administration form of the concomitant drug of the present invention is not particularly limited, and compound (I) and the concomitant drug may be combined at the time of administration.
- Such an administration form includes, for example, (1) Administration of a single preparation obtained by simultaneously formulating compound (I) and a concomitant drug, (2) Simultaneous administration of two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating compound (I) and a concomitant drug by the same route of administration. (3) Administration of two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating compound (I) and a concomitant drug in the same route of administration with a time lag. (4) Simultaneous administration of two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating compound (I) and a concomitant drug by different routes of administration. (5) Administration of the two preparations obtained by separately formulating the compound (I) and the concomitant drug with different administration routes (for example, compound (I); administration of the concomitant drug in this order). , Or the reverse order of administration) And so on.
- the concomitant drug of the present invention has low toxicity, for example, a pharmaceutical composition, for example, a tablet (sugar-coated tablet, etc.) by mixing the compound (I) or (and) the concomitant drug with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to a known method.
- Oral or parenteral eg, topical, rectal, intravenous administration
- powders, granules, capsules, (including soft capsules) solutions, injections, suppositories, sustained-release agents (including film-coated tablets)
- Injections can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intraorganly or directly to the lesion.
- Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier that may be used in the production of the concomitant drug of the present invention include the same as described above.
- the compounding ratio of the compound (I) and the concomitant drug in the concomitant drug of the present invention can be appropriately selected depending on the administration target, administration route, disease and the like.
- the content of compound (I) in the concomitant drug of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the entire preparation. More preferably, it is about 0.5 to 20% by weight.
- the content of the concomitant drug in the concomitant drug of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably about the entire preparation. It is about 0.5 to 20% by weight.
- test compounds used in the following test examples are as follows.
- Test Example 1 K The effects of the compounds used in the present invention on RNA foci were examined using the ALS7 (C9orf72) cell lines described in Imamara et al, Science Transitional Medicine 2017, 9, and eaaf3962.
- the cell line is a table cell line prepared by introducing the tetracycline-induced Lhx3, Ngn2, and Isl1 genes into an iPS cell line established from a familial ALS patient with abnormal elongation of G4C2 repeat of the C9orf72 gene. ..
- ALS7 (C9orf72) cells rapidly differentiate into motor neurons (within about 7 days) when tetracycline or a derivative thereof is added to the medium, and after differentiation, ALS cells spontaneously lead to cell death. It is a model (above document). Furthermore, the present inventors have found that the production of RNA foci and DPRs occurs spontaneously prior to the cell death.
- ALS7 (C9orf72) cells were prepared on feeder cells (mitomycin-treated SNL cells) with Primet ES Cell medium (ReproCell, SCHEMD001A), 4 ng / ml hbFGF (Wako, 060-04543), 50 ⁇ g / ml G418 (Nacalai, 093).
- iPS cell maintenance medium consisting of Pencillin-Streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 15140-122) was used for culturing.
- the method for seeding ALS7 (C9orf72) cells on the assay plate is as follows.
- DMEM / F-12 (1: 1) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11330-057), N2 supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 17502-048), Pencillin-Streptomyliter BDNF (PeproTech, 450-02), 10 ng / ml Recombinant human GDNF (PeproTech, 450-10), 10 ng / ml Recombinant human NT-3 (PeproTech, 450-03), 1 ⁇ M Retinoic acid (Sigma, R2625), 1 ⁇ g / Matrigel (BD Falcon, D2650) using an assay medium consisting of ml Doxycycline (Clontech, 631311), 1 ⁇ M SAG (Enzo life sciences, ALX-270-426-M001), 10 ⁇ M Y-27632 (Wako, 253-00513).
- a 384-well plate (CellCarrier-384 Ultra, PerkinElmer, 6057300) was coated.
- ALS7 (C9orf72) cells were suspended in assay medium and seeded on assay plates coated with Matrigel to 1x10 4 cells per well.
- ALS7 (C9orf72) cells seeded on an assay plate according to the method described in the previous section were cultured by adding an assay medium containing no Y-27632 4 days after seeding. Seven days after seeding, an assay medium (without Retinoic Acid, Doxycycline, SAG, Y-27632) containing a predetermined concentration of the test compound was added by medium exchange, and one day after the addition of the test compound, PFA (Wako, 163-20145) was added. ) was added to fix the cells.
- DNA probe [5'-(Cy3) -CCCCGGCCCCGGCCCCGGCCCCGG-3'(SEQ ID NO: 1), SIGMA genosys, custom synthesis] was denatured at 80 ° C. for 75 seconds and then 50% formide (Wako, 066-02301), 2xSSC.
- RNA phoci in the cell nucleus was detected by measuring the treated plate with a high content analyzer (measuring the fluorescence of Cy3).
- a high content analyzer As the high content analyzer, Opera Phoenix of PerkinElmer Co., Ltd. was used.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical Opera-acquired image.
- the method for detecting the activity of the test compound is as follows.
- a negative control cells cultured in an assay medium supplemented with DMSO instead of the test substance (motor neurons induced to differentiate from ALS7 (C9orf72)) were used. Since cells were sometimes layered and cell nuclei overlapped with each other, the area of the nuclear staining area was used as an index of the number of cells. Changes in cell number were corrected by dividing the number of RNA fuci in the nucleus by the area of the nuclear staining area.
- the degree to which the test compound reduces the number of RNA phoci in the negative control is defined as the RNA phoci inhibitory activity of the test compound, which was calculated by the following formula.
- RNA foci inhibitory activity of test compound 100-X / Cx100
- X Number of RNA phoci of the test compound group per constant nuclear area
- C Number of RNA phoci of the DMSO group per constant nuclear area
- Table 2 shows the activity values at the test compound concentrations 1, 3 and 10 ⁇ mol / l. ..
- RNA foci production in ALS7 (C9orf72) cell-derived motor neurons was effectively suppressed when treated with any of the compounds.
- the production of RNA foci was suppressed by 40% or more in a wide concentration range of 1-10 ⁇ M. Therefore, it was shown that the compound according to the present invention can effectively suppress RNA foci production caused by abnormal elongation of G4C2 repeat.
- Test Example 2 Subsequently, the effect of the compound used in the present invention on RAN translation was examined.
- the amount of poly-GP was measured by an Electrochemiluminescence system (Meso Scale Diagnostics).
- ALS7 (C9orf72) cells were seeded on the assay plate in the same manner as in Test Example 1. After 4 days of sowing, an assay medium containing no Y-27632 was added and cultured until 7 days after sowing, and then an assay medium (without Retinoic Acid, Doxycycline, SAG, Y-27632) containing a predetermined concentration of the test compound was added. It was added by exchanging the medium.
- the medium was removed 2 days after the addition of the test compound, and the medium consisted of 8M urea (Wako, 219-00175), 4% CHAPS (Dojindo, 349-04722), and 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0, Nippon Gene, 312-90061). Cells were lysed with urea buffer. MULTI-ARRAY 384 Well Plate (Meso Scale Diagnostics, L21XB-4) was added with cytolytic solution, the plate was stirred with a plate shaker (AS ONE, DM-301) at room temperature, 700 rpm, and then allowed to stand overnight at 4 ° C. bottom.
- a plate shaker AS ONE, DM-301
- TBS Bio-Rad, 170
- Blocker A Meso Scale Diagnostics, R93AA-1
- 1xTBS-T ⁇ 0.05% Tween-20
- a Blocking buffer consisting of -6435) ⁇ was added, and the plate was stirred with a plate shaker at room temperature at 700 rpm for 1 hour, and then with a Wash buffer consisting of 0.05% Tween-20 and PBS (Wako, 162-18547) three times. Washed.
- the method for detecting the activity of the test compound is as follows.
- As a negative control cells cultured in an assay medium supplemented with DMSO instead of the test substance were used.
- the degree to which the test compound reduced the amount of poly-GP in the negative control was defined as the RAN translation inhibitory activity of the test compound, which was calculated by the following formula.
- RAN translation inhibitory activity of test compound 100-X / C ⁇ 100 X: Amount of poly-GP in the test compound group, C: Amount of poly-GP in the DMSO group
- Table 3 shows the activity values at the test compound concentrations 1, 3 and 10 ⁇ mol / l.
- Test Example 3 In order to examine the cytotoxicity of the test compound, the amount of ATP in the cells was measured. ALS7 (C9orf72) cells were seeded on the assay plate in the same manner as in Test Example 1. After 4 days of seeding, an assay medium containing no Y-27632 was added and cultured until 7 days after seeding, and then an assay medium containing a predetermined concentration of the test compound (Retinoic Acid, Doxycycline, SAG, Y-27632-free) was added. The medium was added by exchanging the medium, and the medium was removed 24 hours or 48 hours after the addition of the test compound, and a CellTiter-Glo Luminesis Cell Viability Assay (Promega, G7570) was performed.
- a CellTiter-Glo Luminesis Cell Viability Assay Promega, G7570
- the method for detecting the cytotoxicity of the test compound is as follows.
- As a negative control cells cultured in an assay medium supplemented with DMSO instead of the test substance were used.
- the degree of influence of the test compound-treated cells on the intracellular ATP amount was defined as the ATP amount of the test compound compared with the negative control, which was calculated by the following formula.
- ATP amount of test compound compared with negative control X / C ⁇ 100
- C ATP amount in the DMSO group
- Table 4 below shows the intracellular ATP amounts at test compound concentrations 1, 3 and 10 ⁇ mol / l.
- the intracellular ATP amount in ALS7 (C9orf72) cell-derived motor neurons was 0.5 times to 1.5 times the intracellular ATP amount in the negative control when treated with any of the compounds. It was within double the range. Since it was within the above range even when each compound was treated for 48 hours, it is considered that the cytotoxicity of the compound according to the present invention is sufficiently low. In particular, compounds 1, 6 and 7 are extremely cytotoxic because the intracellular ATP amount was maintained at 80% or more of the negative control even when treated in the concentration range of 1-10 ⁇ M for 48 hours. It is considered low. From these results, it was shown that the compound according to the present invention can effectively suppress RNA foci and RAN translation caused by abnormal elongation of G4C2 repeat within a concentration range in which cytotoxicity is sufficiently low.
- a pharmaceutical product containing the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient can be produced, for example, by the following formulation.
- 1. Capsule (1) Compound 10 mg obtained in Example 1 (2) Lactose 90 mg (3) Microcrystalline cellulose 70 mg (4) Magnesium stearate 10 mg 180 mg per capsule The total amount of (1), (2) and (3) above is mixed with 5 mg of (4), then granulated, the remaining (4) is added to this in 5 mg, and the whole is encapsulated in a gelatin capsule.
- Tablets Compound 10 mg obtained in Example 1 (2) Lactose 35 mg (3) Cornstarch 150 mg (4) Microcrystalline cellulose 30 mg (5) Magnesium stearate 5 mg 230 mg per tablet After mixing the total amount of (1), (2) and (3) above with 20 mg (4) and 2.5 mg (5), granules are formed, and the remaining (4) is added to the granules at 10 mg and (5). 2.5 mg is added and pressure-molded to obtain tablets.
- the compound according to the present invention effectively suppresses the production of RNA foci and the production of DPRs by RAN translation in a neurodegenerative disease (eg, ALS or FTD) caused by abnormal elongation of G4C2 repeat, and the compound of the disease. It can have a preventive or therapeutic effect.
- a neurodegenerative disease eg, ALS or FTD
- Some neurodegenerative diseases result from abnormal elongation of repeats consisting of different hexa (or tri) nucleotide sequences, and in each case, the production of RNA foci and DPRs is considered to be the main cytotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration. ing.
- the existence of a sequence-independent common mechanism has been suggested in the process of producing the RNA foci and DPRs.
- the compound according to the present invention can contribute as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent not only to neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormal elongation of G4C2 repeats but also to all neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormal elongation of nucleotide repeats. There is expected.
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Abstract
Description
真核生物のゲノムにはさまざまなリピート配列が含まれるが、近年、C9orf72遺伝子の非翻訳領域に存在する6塩基のくりかえし配列「GGGGCC」(以降G4C2リピートと呼ぶ場合がある)が、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(以降、「ALS」と呼ぶ場合がある)と前頭側頭型認知症(以降「FTD」と呼ぶ場合がある)とを結びつけるものとして注目を集めている。
ALSは、上位・下位運動神経細胞の選択的変性を特徴とする代表的な運動ニューロン疾患で、患者の約10%は孤発性、約90%は家族性である。これまで、家族性患者において見いだされた遺伝子変異に基づく研究が精力的に行われてきたが、近年、家族性および孤発性ALS患者において最も高頻度に認められる遺伝子異常として、C9orf72遺伝子のG4C2リピートの異常伸長が同定された。一方、FTDは、脳の前頭葉および側頭葉の変性を特徴とする、65歳未満において二番目に患者数の多い認知症である。そして、FTDにおいても、C9orf72遺伝子のG4C2リピートの異常伸長が最も頻繁に認められる遺伝子異常であることが報告された(非特許文献1、2)。
G4C2リピートが異常伸長したC9orf72遺伝子から転写されたRNAは凝集し易く、核内タンパク質を巻き込んで核内凝集体(以下RNA fociと呼ぶ)を形成することが知られている(非特許文献1、2)。また、前記RNAは、リピート関連非ATG翻訳(Repeat−associated non−ATG translation:以下RAN翻訳と呼ぶ)によってジペプチドリピートタンパク質(以下DPRsと呼ぶ)に翻訳され、DPRsは細胞内で封入体を形成することが知られている(非特許文献3、4、5)。RNA fociおよびDPRsはその細胞毒性により当該疾患における神経変性の主要因と考えられており(非特許文献6)、それらの生成を効果的に抑制できれば、発症を予防したり、発症後の病態進行を効果的に抑制できると考えられている。
これまで、さまざまなモデル系を用いて、RNA fociおよび/またはDPRsの生成を抑制し得る遺伝子が探索されている。例えば、異常伸長したG4C2リピートを複眼で発現するショウジョウバエモデルを用いたスクリーニングにより、過剰発現によってRAN翻訳と複眼神経変性を抑制する遺伝子としてFUS(ALS6の責任遺伝子)が同定された(特許文献1)。また、C9orf72遺伝子に対するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドも開発されており、RNA fociの形成を阻害して神経細胞死を効果的に抑制することが報告されている(例として、非特許文献7)。
しかしながら、G4C2リピートに起因するRNA fociおよび/またはDPRsの生成を効果的に阻止し得る低分子化合物は、未だ報告されていない。
そして、前記運動神経細胞を用いて低分子化合物のスクリーニングを行い、7種類の化合物がRNA fociおよびDPRs生成に対して優れた阻害作用を有すること、すなわち、前記リピート異常伸長に起因する運動ニューロン疾患および/または認知症の予防または治療剤になり得ることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
[1] 式(I)
R1は、式(a−1)または(a−2)
R11およびR12は、独立してそれぞれ、水素原子またはC1−6アルキル基を示し、
R13は、水素原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル−カルボニル基またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基を示し、
R14は、C1−6アルキル基、C3−8シクロアルキル基またはC6−14アリール基を示す。)
で表される基を示し、
R2は、式(b−1)~(b−3)
R21は、C1−6アルキル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC6−14アリール基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基を示し、
R22は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、
nは、0、1または2を示す。)
で表される基を示し、
R3は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、
mは、0、1または2を示し、
Lは、C1−3アルキレン基を示す。]
で表される化合物、またはその塩(以下、化合物(I)ともいう)を含有してなる、神経細胞変性阻害剤(以下、「本発明の剤」ともいう)。
R13が、水素原子またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基であり、
R14が、C1−6アルキル基であり、
R21が、C1−6アルキル基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基であり、
R22が、ハロゲン原子であり、
nが、0または1であり、
mが、0であり、かつ
Lが、メチレン基である、
上記[1]記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
(1)4−(4−フルオロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン、
(2)1−(3−{[4−(2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド、
(3)1−(3−{[4−(4−クロロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド、
(4)1−[3−({4−[2−(ベンジルオキシ)フェニル]−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル}アミノ)フェニル]メタンスルホンアミド、
(5)4−{2−[(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)メトキシ]フェニル}−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン、
(6)エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ベンゾジオキシン−5−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート、
(7)エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1−ベンゾフラン−7−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート、
およびそれらの塩から選ばれる、上記[1]記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
[5] 前記運動ニューロン疾患または認知症が、ヘキサヌクレオチドリピートの異常伸長を伴う運動ニューロン疾患または認知症である、上記[4]記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
[6] 前記運動ニューロン疾患が筋萎縮性側索硬化症である、上記[4]または[5]記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
[7] 前記認知症が前頭側頭型認知症である、上記[4]または[5]記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
[8] 上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、該哺乳動物における神経細胞変性阻害方法。
[9] 上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、該哺乳動物における神経細胞変性疾患の予防または治療方法。
[10] 神経細胞変性疾患の予防または治療するための、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩。
[11] 神経細胞変性疾患の予防または治療剤を製造するための、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩の使用。
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明により、下記式(I)で表される化合物、またはその塩(以下、「化合物(I)」と呼ぶ場合がある)を有効成分として含む神経細胞変性阻害剤が提供される。
R1は、式(a−1)または(a−2)
R11およびR12は、独立してそれぞれ、水素原子またはC1−6アルキル基を示し、
R13は、水素原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル−カルボニル基またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基を示し、
R14は、C1−6アルキル基、C3−8シクロアルキル基またはC6−14アリール基を示す。)
で表される基を示し、
R2は、式(b−1)~(b−3)
R21は、C1−6アルキル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC6−14アリール基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基を示し、
R22は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、
nは、0、1または2を示す。)
で表される基を示し、
R3は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、
mは、0、1または2を示し、
Lは、C1−3アルキレン基を示す。]
本明細書中、「ハロゲン原子」としては、例えば、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素が挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1−6アルキル基」としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、tert−ブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、1−エチルプロピル、ヘキシル、イソヘキシル、1,1−ジメチルブチル、2,2−ジメチルブチル、3,3−ジメチルブチル、2−エチルブチルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C6−14アリール基」としては、例えば、フェニル、1−ナフチル、2−ナフチル、1−アントリル、2−アントリル、9−アントリルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C7−16アラルキル基」としては、例えば、ベンジル、フェネチル、ナフチルメチル、フェニルプロピルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1−6アルキル−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、アセチル、プロパノイル、ブタノイル、2−メチルプロパノイル、ペンタノイル、3−メチルブタノイル、2−メチルブタノイル、2,2−ジメチルプロパノイル、ヘキサノイル、ヘプタノイルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル、プロポキシカルボニル、イソプロポキシカルボニル、ブトキシカルボニル、イソブトキシカルボニル、sec−ブトキシカルボニル、tert−ブトキシカルボニル、ペンチルオキシカルボニル、ヘキシルオキシカルボニルが挙げられる。
R1は、式(a−1)または(a−2)
ここで、R11およびR12は、独立してそれぞれ、水素原子またはC1−6アルキル基を示し、R13は、水素原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル−カルボニル基またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基を示し、R14は、C1−6アルキル基、C3−8シクロアルキル基またはC6−14アリール基を示す。
R11およびR12は、好ましくは、共に水素原子である。
R13は、好ましくは、水素原子またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基(例、エトキシカルボニル)であり、特に好ましくは、水素原子である。
R14は、好ましくは、C1−6アルキル基(例、メチル)であり、特に好ましくは、メチル基である。
R1は、好ましくは、式(a−2)で表される基である。
ここで、R21は、C1−6アルキル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC6−14アリール基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基を示し、R22は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、nは、0、1または2を示す。
R22は、好ましくは、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)であり、特に好ましくは、フッ素原子である。
nは、好ましくは、0または1であり、特に好ましくは、1である。
R2は、好ましくは、式(b−1)で表される基である。
mは、0、1または2を示す。
mは、好ましくは、0である。
Lは、好ましくは、メチレン基である。
R1が、式(a−1)または(a−2)で表される基であり、
R11およびR12が、共に水素原子であり、
R13が、水素原子またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基(例、エトキシカルボニル)であり、
R14が、C1−6アルキル基(例、メチル)であり、
R2が、式(b−1)~(b−3)で表される基であり、
R21が、C1−6アルキル基(例、メチル)、またはハロゲン原子(例、塩素原子)で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基(例、ベンジル)であり、
R22が、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)であり、
nが、0または1であり、
mが、0であり、かつ
Lが、メチレン基である、
化合物(I)。
(1)4−(4−フルオロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン(化合物番号1)、
(2)1−(3−{[4−(2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド(化合物番号2)、
(3)1−(3−{[4−(4−クロロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド(化合物番号3)、
(4)1−[3−({4−[2−(ベンジルオキシ)フェニル]−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル}アミノ)フェニル]メタンスルホンアミド(化合物番号4a、4b)、
(5)4−{2−[(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)メトキシ]フェニル}−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン(化合物番号5)、
(6)エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ベンゾジオキシン−5−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート(化合物番号6)、
(7)エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1−ベンゾフラン−7−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート(化合物番号7)、
およびそれらの塩。
無機塩基との塩の好適な例としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩;カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩;アルミニウム塩;アンモニウム塩が挙げられる。
有機塩基との塩の好適な例としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、ピコリン、エタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、トロメタミン[トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチルアミン]、tert−ブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、ベンジルアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、N,N−ジベンジルエチレンジアミンとの塩が挙げられる。
無機酸との塩の好適な例としては、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸との塩が挙げられる。
有機酸との塩の好適な例としては、ギ酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、フタル酸、フマル酸、シュウ酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、メタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸との塩が挙げられる。
塩基性アミノ酸との塩の好適な例としては、アルギニン、リジン、オルニチンとの塩が挙げられる。
酸性アミノ酸との塩の好適な例としては、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸との塩が挙げられる。
RNA fociは、例えば、神経細胞に対し、当該リピート配列に相補的な配列を含むオリゴヌクレオチド(蛍光等で標識されていることが好ましい)をプローブとしてFISH(fluorescence in situ hybridization)法による解析を行い、前記細胞の核内に存在する前記蛍光シグナルのドット(例として、直径が0.60μm以上のドット)として検出してもよい。そして、神経細胞当たりまたは単位面積(例として、観察視野面積、観察視野における核染色エリア面積等)当たりの前記ドット数を計測することで、RNA foci生成レベルを定量的に評価してもよい。
DPRsは、例えば、神経細胞由来溶解液や抽出液に対し、当該ヘキサ(またはトリ)ヌクレオチドのリピート配列から生じ得るDPRsに対する抗体を用いて、周知慣用の免疫学的解析技術により(例として、ELISA法)前記DPRsを検出・定量してもよい。また、神経細胞に対し、前記抗体を用いて免疫染色を行い、前記抗体陽性ドットとして検出・定量してもよい。
被検化合物の運動神経細胞変性抑制活性=((X−C)/(T−C))×100
X:培養開始y日後の被検化合物群の運動神経細胞数、C:培養開始y日後のDMSO群の運動神経細胞数、T:培養開始x日後の運動神経細胞数
ここで、xは、対象において自発的な細胞死を生じる前の任意の日、yは、対象において自発的な細胞死を生じている任意の日から選ばれる。
前記運動ニューロン疾患としては、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、進行性球麻痺、進行性筋萎縮症、原発性側索硬化症、進行性仮性球麻痺、脊髄性筋萎縮症、パーキンソン病、多系統萎縮症、ハンチントン病、脊髄小脳変性症、筋強直性ジストロフィー、脆弱X症候群関連疾患、眼咽頭型ミオパチー、Fuchs corneal dystrophy、球脊髄性筋萎縮症等が例示される。本明細書では、これらの疾患を「運動ニューロン疾患」と呼ぶ場合がある。このうち、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、筋強直性ジストロフィー、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン病、脆弱X症候群関連疾患、脊髄小脳変性症が、本発明に係る剤の対象運動ニューロン疾患として特に好適に例示される。
前記認知症としては、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)、レビー小体型認知症等が挙げられ、特に好適な対象認知症疾患としてFTDが挙げられる。
前記予防または治療剤は、孤発性、家族性の区別なく、前記疾患に対して用いることができる。
前記予防または治療剤は、哺乳動物(例えば、マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ、ウシ、ヒツジ、サル、ヒトなど)における前記疾患の予防または治療剤として使用することができる。
本発明の剤は、化合物(I)を1種含んでいてもよく、あるいは2種以上を組合わせて含んでいてもよい。
賦形剤としては、例えば、乳糖、白糖、D−マンニトール、デンプン、コーンスターチ、結晶セルロース、軽質無水ケイ酸が挙げられる。
滑沢剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、タルク、コロイドシリカが挙げられる。
結合剤としては、例えば、結晶セルロース、白糖、D−マンニトール、デキストリン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、デンプン、ショ糖、ゼラチン、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムが挙げられる。
崩壊剤としては、例えば、デンプン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム、L−ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースが挙げられる。
溶剤としては、例えば、注射用水、アルコール、プロピレングリコール、マクロゴール、ゴマ油、トウモロコシ油、オリーブ油が挙げられる。
溶解補助剤としては、例えば、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、D−マンニトール、安息香酸ベンジル、エタノール、トリスアミノメタン、コレステロール、トリエタノールアミン、炭酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。
懸濁化剤としては、例えば、ステアリルトリエタノールアミン、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリルアミノプロピオン酸、レシチン、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、モノステアリン酸グリセリン等の界面活性剤;例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等の親水性高分子が挙げられる。
等張化剤としては、例えば、ブドウ糖、D−ソルビトール、塩化ナトリウム、グリセリン、D−マンニトールが挙げられる。
緩衝剤としては、例えば、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、炭酸塩、クエン酸塩等の緩衝液が挙げられる。
無痛化剤としては、例えば、ベンジルアルコールが挙げられる。
防腐剤としては、例えば、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル類、クロロブタノール、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルエチルアルコール、デヒドロ酢酸、ソルビン酸が挙げられる。
抗酸化剤としては、例えば、亜硫酸塩、アスコルビン酸、α−トコフェロールが挙げられる。
化合物(I)は、さらに他の活性成分(以下、併用薬物と略記する)と併用してもよい。
ベンゾジアゼピン(クロルジアゼポキシド、ジアゼパム、クロラゼブ酸カリウム、ロラゼパム、クロナゼパム、アルプラゾラム等)、L−型カルシウムチャネル阻害薬(プレガバリン等)、三環性又は四環性抗うつ薬(塩酸イミプラミン、塩酸アミトリプチリン、塩酸デシプラミン、塩酸クロミプラミン等)、選択的セロトニン再取り込み阻害薬(マレイン酸フルボキサミン、塩酸フロキセチン、臭酸シタロプラム、塩酸セルトラリン、塩酸パロキセチン、シュウ酸エスシタロプラム等)、セロトニン−ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害薬(塩酸ベンラファキシン、塩酸ドュロキセチン、塩酸デスベンラファキシン等)、ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害薬(メシル酸レボキセチン等)、ノルアドレナリン−ドパミン再取り込み阻害薬(塩酸ブプロピオン等)、ミルタザピン、塩酸トラゾドン、塩酸ネファゾドン、塩酸ブプロピオン、マレイン酸セチプチリン、5−HT1A作動薬(塩酸ブスピロン、クエン酸タンドスピロン、塩酸オセモゾタン等)、5−HT3拮抗薬(シアメマジン等)、心臓選択的ではないβ阻害薬(塩酸プロプラノロール、塩酸オキシプレノロール等)、ヒスタミンH1拮抗薬(塩酸ヒドロキシジン等)、統合失調症治療薬(クロルプロマジン、ハロペリドール、スルプリド、クロザピン、塩酸トリフルオペラジン、塩酸フルフェナジン、オランザピン、フマル酸クエチアピン、リスペリドン、アリピプラゾール等)、CRF拮抗薬、その他の抗不安薬(メプロバメート等)、タキキニン拮抗薬(MK−869、サレデュタント等)、代謝型グルタミン酸受容体に作用する薬剤、CCK拮抗薬、β3アドレナリン拮抗薬(塩酸アミベグロン等)、GAT−1阻害薬(塩酸チアガビン等)、N−型カルシウムチャネル阻害薬、2型炭酸脱水素酵素阻害薬、NMDAグリシン部位作動薬、NMDA拮抗薬(メマンチン等)、末梢性ベンゾジアゼピン受容体作動薬、バソプレッシン拮抗薬、バソプレッシンV1b拮抗薬、バソプレッシンV1a拮抗薬、ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害薬、オピオイド拮抗薬、オピオイド作動薬、ウリジン、ニコチン酸受容体作動薬、チロイドホルモン(T3、T4)、TSH、TRH、MAO阻害薬(硫酸フェネルジン、硫酸トラニルシプロミン、モクロベミド等)、5−HT2A拮抗薬、5−HT2A逆作動薬、COMT阻害薬(エンタカポン等)、双極性障害治療薬(炭酸リチウム、バルプロ酸ナトリウム、ラモトリジン、リルゾール、フェルバメート等)、カンナビノイドCB1拮抗薬(リモナバント等)、FAAH阻害薬、ナトリウムチャネル阻害薬、抗ADHD薬(塩酸メチルフェニデート、塩酸メタンフェタミン等)、アルコール依存症治療薬、自閉症治療薬、慢性疲労症候群治療薬、痙攣治療薬、線維筋痛症治療薬、頭痛治療薬、不眠症治療薬(エチゾラム、ゾピクロン、トリアゾラム、ゾルピデム、ラメルテオン、インジプロン等)、禁煙のための治療薬、重症筋無力症治療薬、脳梗塞治療薬、躁病治療薬、過眠症治療薬、疼痛治療薬、気分変調症治療薬、自律神経失調症治療薬、男性及び女性の性機能障害治療薬、偏頭痛治療薬、病的賭博治療薬、下肢静止不能症候群治療薬、物質依存症治療薬、アルコール関連症の治療薬、過敏性腸症候群治療薬、アルツハイマー病治療薬(ドネペジル、ガランタミン、メマンチン、リバスチグミン等)、パーキンソン病治療薬(レボドパ、カルビドパ、ベンセラジド、セレギリン、ゾニサミド、エンダカボン、アマンタジン、タリペキソール、ブラミペキソール、アポモルヒネ、カペルゴリン、ブロモクリプチン、イストラデフィリン、トリヘキシフェニジル、プロメタジン、パーゴライド等)、ハンチントン病治療薬(塩酸クロルプロマジン、ハロペリドール、レセルピンなど)、ゴーシェ病治療薬(イミグルセラーゼ、タリグルセラーゼアルファ、ベラグルセラーゼアルファ、エリグルスタット、ミグルスタット等)、ALS治療薬(リルゾール等、神経栄養因子等)、多発性硬化症治療薬(フィンゴリモド、インターフェロン・ベータ1b、ナタリズマブなどの分子標的治療薬等)、抗てんかん薬(フェニトイン、カルバマゼピン、フェノバルビタール、プリミドン、ゾニザミド、バルプロ酸ナトリウム、エトサクシミド、ジアゼパム、ニトラゼパム、クロナゼパム、クロバザム、ガバペンチン、トピラマート、ラモトリギン、レベチラセタム、スチリペントール、ルフィナミド等)、コレステロール低下薬のような脂質異常症治療薬(スタチンシリーズ(プラバスタチンナトリウム、アトロバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロスバスタチン等)、フィブレート(クロフィブレート等)、スクワレン合成阻害薬)、異常行動治療薬又は認知症による放浪癖の抑制薬(鎮静薬、抗不安薬等)、アポトーシス阻害薬、抗肥満薬、糖尿病治療薬、高血圧治療薬、低血圧治療薬、リューマチ治療薬(DMARD)、抗癌剤、副甲状腺治療薬(PTH)、カルシウム受容体拮抗薬、性ホルモン又はその誘導体(プロゲステロン、エストラジオール、安息香酸エストラジオール等)、神経分化促進薬、神経再生促進薬、非ステロイド系抗炎症薬(メロキシカム、テノキシカム、インドメタシン、イブプロフェン、セレコキシブ、ロフェコキシブ、アスピリン等)、ステロイド(デキサメタゾン、酢酸コルチゾン等)、抗サイトカイン薬(TNF阻害薬、MAPカイネース阻害薬等)、抗体医薬、核酸又は核酸誘導体、アプタマー薬など。
(1)化合物(I)又は併用薬物を単独で投与する場合に比べて、その投与量を軽減することができる、
(2)患者の症状(軽症、重症など)に応じて、化合物(I)と併用する薬物を選択することができる、
(3)化合物(I)と作用機序が異なる併用薬物を選択することにより、治療期間を長く設定することができる、
(4)化合物(I)と作用機序が異なる併用薬物を選択することにより、治療効果の持続を図ることができる、
(5)化合物(I)と併用薬物とを併用することにより、相乗効果が得られる、等の優れた効果を得ることができる。
本発明の併用剤の使用に際しては、化合物(I)と併用薬物の投与時期は限定されず、化合物(I)又はその医薬組成物と併用薬物又はその医薬組成物とを、投与対象に対し、同時に投与してもよいし、時間差をおいて投与してもよい。併用薬物の投与量は、臨床上用いられている投与量に準ずればよく、投与対象、投与ルート、疾患、組み合わせ等により適宜選択することができる。
本発明の併用剤の投与形態は、特に限定されず、投与時に、化合物(I)と併用薬物とが組み合わされていればよい。このような投与形態としては、例えば、
(1)化合物(I)と併用薬物とを同時に製剤化して得られる単一の製剤の投与、
(2)化合物(I)と併用薬物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の同一投与経路での同時投与、
(3)化合物(I)と併用薬物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の同一投与経路での時間差をおいての投与、
(4)化合物(I)と併用薬物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の異なる投与経路での同時投与、
(5)化合物(I)と併用薬物とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の異なる投与経路での時間差をおいての投与(例えば、化合物(I);併用薬物の順序での投与、あるいは逆の順序での投与)
などが挙げられる。
本発明の併用剤の製造に用いられてもよい薬学的に許容される担体としては、前記と同様のものが挙げられる。
例えば、本発明の併用剤における化合物(I)の含有量は、製剤の形態によって相違するが、通常製剤全体に対して約0.01~100重量%、好ましくは約0.1~50重量%、さらに好ましくは約0.5~20重量%程度である。
本発明の併用剤における併用薬物の含有量は、製剤の形態によって相違するが、通常製剤全体に対して約0.01~100重量%、好ましくは約0.1~50重量%、さらに好ましくは約0.5~20重量%程度である。
以下の試験例で使用する試験化合物は以下の通りである。
1−(3−{[4−(2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド(化合物番号2)は、WO 2011/116951のCompound B1として記載されている。
1−(3−{[4−(4−クロロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド(化合物番号3)は、WO 2011/116951のCompound B6として記載されている。
1−[3−({4−[2−(ベンジルオキシ)フェニル]−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル}アミノ)フェニル]メタンスルホンアミド(化合物番号4b)およびそのトリフルオロ酢酸塩(化合物番号4a)は、WO 2011/116951のCompound B13として記載されている。
4−{2−[(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)メトキシ]フェニル}−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン(化合物番号5)は、WO 2012/160034の実施例61に記載されている。
エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ベンゾジオキシン−5−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート(化合物番号6)は、WO 2012/160034の実施例37に記載されている。
エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1−ベンゾフラン−7−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート(化合物番号7)は、WO 2012/160034の実施例33に記載されている。
K.Imamura et al,Science Translational Medicine 2017,9,eaaf3962に記載されているALS7(C9orf72)細胞株を用いて、本発明に用いられる化合物のRNA fociに対する効果を検討した。当該細胞株は、C9orf72遺伝子のG4C2リピートの異常伸長を伴う家族性ALS患者から樹立されたiPS細胞株に、テトラサイクリン誘導性のLhx3、Ngn2、Isl1遺伝子を導入して作製されたstable cell lineである。よって、ALS7(C9orf72)細胞は、培地にテトラサイクリンまたはその誘導体が添加されると速やかに(約7日以内に)運動神経細胞へと分化し、分化後は自発的に細胞死へと向かうALS細胞モデルである(上記文献)。さらに、本発明者らは、前記細胞死に先立って、RNA foci及びDPRsの生成が自発的に起こることを見出した。
ALS7(C9orf72)細胞は、フィーダー細胞(マイトマイシン処理したSNL細胞)上で、Primate ES Cell培地(ReproCell、RCHEMD001A)、4ng/ml hbFGF(Wako、060−04543)、50μg/ml G418(Nacalai、09380−86)、Penicillin−Streptomycin(Thermo Fisher Scientific、15140−122)からなるiPS細胞維持培地を用いて培養した。
ALS7(C9orf72)細胞のアッセイプレートへの播種方法は次の通りである。
DMEM/F−12(1:1)(Thermo Fisher Scientific、11330−057)、N2 supplement(Thermo Fisher Scientific、17502−048)、Penicillin−Streptomycin(Thermo Fisher Scientific、15140−122)、10ng/ml 組み換えヒトBDNF(PeproTech、450−02)、10ng/ml 組み換えヒトGDNF(PeproTech、450−10)、10ng/ml 組み換えヒトNT−3(PeproTech、450−03)、1μM Retinoic acid(Sigma、R2625)、1μg/ml Doxycycline(Clontech、631311)、1μM SAG(Enzo life sciences、ALX−270−426−M001)、10μM Y−27632(Wako、253−00513)からなるアッセイ培地を用いてマトリゲル(BD Falcon、D2650)を20倍希釈したのち、384−wellプレート(CellCarrier−384 Ultra、PerkinElmer,6057300)をコーティングした。
次に、ALS7(C9orf72)細胞をアッセイ培地に懸濁し、1wellあたり1x104cellsになるようにマトリゲルコーティングしたアッセイ用プレートに播種した。
前項の方法に従ってアッセイプレートに播種したALS7(C9orf72)細胞を、播種4日後にY−27632を含まないアッセイ培地を追添加して培養した。播種7日後に、所定濃度の被検化合物を含むアッセイ培地(Retinoic Acid、Doxycycline、SAG、Y−27632不含)を培地交換により添加し、被検化合物添加1日後にPFA(Wako、163−20145)を添加して細胞を固定した。PBS(Wako、045−29795)による洗浄を3回繰り返した後、氷冷メタノール(Wako、131−01826)を添加し、室温で10分間静置した。DNA probe[5’−(Cy3)−CCCCGGCCCCGGCCCCGGCCCCGG−3’(配列番号1)、SIGMA genosys、カスタム合成]は、80℃で75秒間変性させた後、50% formamide(Wako,066−02301)、2xSSC(ニッポンジーン、319−90015)、50mM sodium phosphate(TEKNOVA,P2070)、10% Dextran sulfate(SIGMA,D8906−100G)、0.1mg/mL yeast tRNA(invitrogen,15401029)、RNase free water(QIAGEN、129112)からなるhybri bufferで2μg/μLとなるように調製してプレートに添加し、37℃で16~24時間静置して前記probeをRNA fociに結合させた。50% formamide、1xSSC、RNase free waterからなるwash bufferを添加して37℃で30分静置した後、PBSによる洗浄を行った。PBSにより5000倍希釈したHoechst(invitrogen,H3569)を添加して室温で20分間静置して細胞核を染色し、PBSによる洗浄を行った。
上記処理を行ったプレートを、ハイコンテントアナライザーで測定(Cy3の蛍光を測定)することにより、細胞核内のRNA fociを検出した。ハイコンテントアナライザーは、パーキンエルマー社のOpera Phenixを用いた。図1には典型的なOperaでの取得画像を示す。
陰性対照として、被検物質の代わりにDMSOを添加したアッセイ培地で培養した細胞(ALS7(C9orf72)から分化誘導した運動神経細胞)を用いた。細胞が重層して細胞核同士が重なっている場合があったため、細胞数の指標として核染色エリアの面積を用いた。核内にあるRNA foci数を核染色エリアの面積で除することにより、細胞数の変化を補正した。
陰性対照におけるRNA foci数を被検化合物が減少させる程度を被検化合物のRNA foci抑制活性と定義し、それは以下の式により算出した。
被検化合物のRNA foci抑制活性=100−X/Cx100
X:一定核面積あたりの被検化合物群のRNA foci数、C:一定核面積あたりのDMSO群のRNA foci数
以下表2に、被検化合物濃度1,3および10μmol/lにおける活性値を示す。
よって、本発明に係る化合物は、G4C2リピートの異常伸長に起因するRNA foci生成を効果的に抑制できることが示された。
続いて、本発明に用いられる化合物のRAN翻訳に対する効果を検討した。RAN翻訳により生成されるDPRsのうち、poly−GP量をElectrochemiluminescenceシステム(Meso Scale Diagnostics)により測定した。
試験例1と同様の方法でALS7(C9orf72)細胞をアッセイプレートへ播種した。播種4日後にY−27632を含まないアッセイ培地を追添加して播種7日後まで培養したのち、所定濃度の被検化合物を含むアッセイ培地(Retinoic Acid、Doxycycline、SAG、Y−27632不含)を培地交換により添加した。被検化合物添加2日後に培地を除去し、8M Urea(Wako、219−00175)、4% CHAPS(Dojindo、349−04722)、30mM Tris−HCl(pH8.0、ニッポンジーン、312−90061)からなるUrea bufferで細胞を溶解した。MULTI−ARRAY 384 Well Plate(Meso Scale Diagnostics、L21XB−4)に細胞溶解液を添加し、プレートシェイカー(アズワン、DM−301)により室温、700rpmでプレートを撹拌した後、4℃で一晩静置した。細胞溶解液を除去した後、5% Blocker A(Meso Scale Diagnostics、R93AA−1)、1xTBS−T{0.05% Tween−20(Bio−Rad、170−6531)含有TBS(Bio−Rad、170−6435)}からなるBlocking bufferを添加し、プレートシェイカーで室温、700rpmで1時間プレートを撹拌した後、0.05% Tween−20,PBS(Wako,162−18547)からなるWash bufferで3回洗浄した。1% Blocker A含有1xTBS−Tで10,000倍希釈したC9RANT Antibody(Novus Biologicals、NBP2−25018)を添加した後、プレートシェイカーで4℃、700rpmで2時間プレートを撹拌し、その後4℃で一晩静置した。Wash bufferで3回洗浄した後、1% Blocker A含有1xTBS−Tで500倍希釈したSULFO−TAG Goat Anti−Rabbit Antibody(Meso Scale Diagnostics、R32AB−1)を添加し、プレートシェイカーで室温、700rpmで2時間プレートを撹拌した。Wash bufferで3回洗浄した後、2xMSD Read Buffer T with Surfactant(Meso Scale Diagnostics、R92TC−1)を添加し、MESO SECTOR S600(Meso Scale Diagnostics)により前記C9RANT Antibodyに由来するシグナルを測定した。
陰性対照としては、被検物質の代わりにDMSOを添加したアッセイ培地で培養した細胞を用いた。
陰性対照におけるpoly−GP量を被検化合物が減少させる程度を被検化合物のRAN翻訳抑制活性と定義し、それは以下の式により算出した。
被検化合物のRAN翻訳抑制活性=100−X/C×100
X:被検化合物群のpoly−GP量、C:DMSO群のpoly−GP量
以下表3に、被検化合物濃度1,3および10μmol/lにおける活性値を示す。
よって、本発明に係る化合物は、G4C2リピートの異常伸長に起因するRAN翻訳を効果的に抑制できることが示された。
被検化合物の細胞傷害性を検討するため、細胞内のATP量を測定した。
試験例1と同様の方法でALS7(C9orf72)細胞をアッセイプレートへ播種した。播種4日後にY−27632を含まないアッセイ培地を追添加して播種7日後まで培養したのち、所定濃度の被検化合物を含むアッセイ培地(Retinoic Acid、Doxycycline、SAG、Y−27632不含)を培地交換により添加し、被検化合物添加24時間後あるいは48時間後に培地を除去して、CellTiter−Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(Promega、G7570)を行った。
陰性対照としては、被検物質の代わりにDMSOを添加したアッセイ培地で培養した細胞を用いた。
被検化合物処置細胞の細胞内ATP量に対する影響の程度を、陰性対照と比較した被検化合物のATP量と定義し、それは以下の式により算出した。
陰性対照と比較した被検化合物のATP量=X/C×100
X:被検化合物群のATP量、C:DMSO群のATP量
陰性対照の細胞内ATP量に対し、0.5倍未満または1.5倍を超える場合に、細胞障害性があると判断した。以下表4に、被検化合物濃度1,3および10μmol/lにおける細胞内ATP量を示す。
これらの結果より、本発明に係る化合物は、細胞障害性が十分に低い濃度範囲内で、G4C2リピートの異常伸長に起因するRNA fociとRAN翻訳を効果的に抑制できることが示された。
本発明化合物を有効成分として含有する医薬は、例えば、次のような処方によって製造することができる。
1.カプセル剤
(1)実施例1で得られた化合物 10mg
(2)ラクトース 90mg
(3)微結晶セルロース 70mg
(4)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 10mg
1カプセル 180mg
上記(1)、(2)および(3)の全量と5mgの(4)を混和した後、顆粒化し、これに残りの(4)を5mg加えて、全体をゼラチンカプセルに封入する。
(1)実施例1で得られた化合物 10mg
(2)ラクトース 35mg
(3)コーンスターチ 150mg
(4)微結晶セルロース 30mg
(5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 5mg
1錠 230mg
上記(1)、(2)および(3)の全量と20mgの(4)および2.5mgの(5)を混和した後、顆粒化し、この顆粒に残りの(4)を10mgおよび(5)を2.5mg加えて加圧成型し、錠剤とする。
よって、本発明に係る化合物は、G4C2リピートの異常伸長に起因する神経変性疾患のみならず、ヌクレオチドリピートの異常伸長に起因する神経変性疾患全般に対しても、予防または治療剤として貢献し得ることが期待される。
Claims (11)
- 式(I)
R1は、式(a−1)または(a−2)
R11およびR12は、独立してそれぞれ、水素原子またはC1−6アルキル基を示し、
R13は、水素原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル−カルボニル基またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基を示し、
R14は、C1−6アルキル基、C3−8シクロアルキル基またはC6−14アリール基を示す。)
で表される基を示し、
R2は、式(b−1)~(b−3)
R21は、C1−6アルキル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC6−14アリール基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基を示し、
R22は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、
nは、0、1または2を示す。)
で表される基を示し、
R3は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、C1−6アルキル基またはC1−6アルコキシ基を示し、
mは、0、1または2を示し、
Lは、C1−3アルキレン基を示す。]
で表される化合物、またはその塩を含有してなる、神経細胞変性阻害剤。 - R11およびR12が、共に水素原子であり、
R13が、水素原子またはC1−6アルコキシ−カルボニル基であり、
R14が、C1−6アルキル基であり、
R21が、C1−6アルキル基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC7−16アラルキル基であり、
R22が、ハロゲン原子であり、
nが、0または1であり、
mが、0であり、かつ
Lが、メチレン基である、
請求項1記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。 - 式(I)で表される化合物、またはその塩が、
(1)4−(4−フルオロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン、
(2)1−(3−{[4−(2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド、
(3)1−(3−{[4−(4−クロロ−2−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メタンスルホンアミド、
(4)1−[3−({4−[2−(ベンジルオキシ)フェニル]−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル}アミノ)フェニル]メタンスルホンアミド、
(5)4−{2−[(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)メトキシ]フェニル}−N−{3−[(S−メタンスルホンイミドイル)メチル]フェニル}−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−アミン、
(6)エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ベンゾジオキシン−5−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート、
(7)エチル{[(3−{[4−(2,3−ジヒドロ−1−ベンゾフラン−7−イル)−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル]アミノ}フェニル)メチル](メチル)オキソ−λ6−スルファニリデン}カルバマート、
およびそれらの塩から選ばれる、請求項1記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。 - 運動ニューロン疾患または認知症の予防または治療剤として用いられる、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
- 前記運動ニューロン疾患または認知症が、ヘキサヌクレオチドリピートの異常伸長を伴う運動ニューロン疾患または認知症である、請求項4記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
- 前記運動ニューロン疾患が筋萎縮性側索硬化症である、請求項4または5記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
- 前記認知症が前頭側頭型認知症である、請求項4または5記載の神経細胞変性阻害剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、該哺乳動物における神経細胞変性阻害方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、該哺乳動物における神経細胞変性疾患の予防または治療方法。
- 神経細胞変性疾患の予防または治療するための、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩。
- 神経細胞変性疾患の予防または治療剤を製造するための、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載された化合物またはその塩の使用。
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EP4129293A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
JPWO2021193982A1 (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
CN115335058A (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
CA3172328A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
US20230120205A1 (en) | 2023-04-20 |
EP4129293A4 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
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