WO2021190004A1 - Personnel positioning system and risk assessment method in foundation pit construction - Google Patents

Personnel positioning system and risk assessment method in foundation pit construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021190004A1
WO2021190004A1 PCT/CN2020/138500 CN2020138500W WO2021190004A1 WO 2021190004 A1 WO2021190004 A1 WO 2021190004A1 CN 2020138500 W CN2020138500 W CN 2020138500W WO 2021190004 A1 WO2021190004 A1 WO 2021190004A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
personnel
information
foundation pit
risk level
steel plate
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PCT/CN2020/138500
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张立业
李兴盛
姜谙男
薛永锋
侯拉平
蒋腾飞
华波
李玉宏
王传嘉
沙千里
卢迪
杜华林
刘杨
何一韬
宋业华
孙华东
Original Assignee
中铁一局集团第二工程有限公司
中铁大连地铁五号线有限公司
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Priority to JP2022558334A priority Critical patent/JP7394412B2/en
Publication of WO2021190004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021190004A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • G01C5/04—Hydrostatic levelling, i.e. by flexibly interconnected liquid containers at separated points
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0635—Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/08—Construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication

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  • the invention relates to the field of personnel positioning in a foundation pit, and in particular to a personnel positioning system and a risk assessment method in the construction of a foundation pit.
  • the main risk in the process of foundation pit construction comes from the inclination and deformation of the sidewall of the foundation pit, and the intuitive reflection of this risk is the settlement and deformation of the surrounding ground.
  • the surface deformation is generally monitored by manual measurement. This method has high cost and low measurement frequency and accuracy, which cannot achieve the purpose of effective safety management of foundation pit engineering.
  • the present invention provides a personnel positioning system in foundation pit construction to overcome the above technical problems.
  • the invention provides a personnel positioning system in the construction of a foundation pit, which includes: a ground settlement detection unit arranged on the surface of the foundation pit and a person and positioning unit arranged on the sidewall of the foundation pit;
  • the surface settlement detection unit includes: a surface settlement detection instrument and a data acquisition module;
  • the personnel positioning unit includes: a box body, an information acquisition module and a transmitting antenna; the box body is fixed on the side wall of the foundation pit, the information acquisition module is arranged in the box body, and the transmitting antenna is fixed on the box body outside;
  • the data collection module receives the land subsidence information collected by the land subsidence detector, the information collection module receives the land subsidence information sent by the data collection module, and collects personnel location information through the personnel identification card; the transmitting antenna
  • the surface subsidence information and personnel location information are sent to a remote server, which analyzes the surface subsidence information and personnel location information in different areas, and sends an early warning signal to the foundation pit when there is an abnormal surface subsidence.
  • the remote server includes:
  • a sample data calculation unit that can obtain sample data for evaluating the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: personnel’s The number, the distance between multiple persons and the target location, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of land subsidence, the average distance and the minimum distance are calculated from multiple distances; the number of all identification cards recognized by the personnel positioning unit is said The number of personnel; the personnel positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple personnel and the target position;
  • the mapping sample forming unit can obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of the land subsidence, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level.
  • the mapping matrix is expressed as:
  • x m1 is the number of people
  • x m2 is the average distance
  • x m3 is the minimum distance
  • m is the number of samples
  • x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location
  • l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location
  • Y m is the risk level
  • a modeling unit which can model Y using a nonlinear mapping process, assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, and the model is as follows:
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,... ⁇ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution
  • k ml in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
  • ⁇ f is a constant coefficient
  • the risk level evaluation unit can obtain the risk level of the target location, and the risk level of the target location is established by establishing a joint distribution of the risk level y* and the sample data to obtain the following equation:
  • the surface settlement detection unit further includes: a special-shaped steel plate; the free end of the special-shaped steel plate is fixed on the ground surface of the foundation pit, the middle of the special-shaped steel plate is raised, and the raised portion faces upward, and the ground subsidence detector is connected with
  • the protruding part is fixedly connected to the outside; the protruding part forms a containing cavity with the surface of the foundation pit, and the data collection module is arranged in the containing cavity and is fixedly connected to the convex part to the inside.
  • a clamping piece used to prevent the box body from colliding with the side wall of the foundation pit and a rubber ball
  • the clamping piece includes a support fixed on the side wall of the foundation pit and The fixing part of the body back plate; the fixing part is snap-connected with the supporting part;
  • the rubber ball is fixedly connected with the back plate of the box body.
  • the support member is a Z-shaped structure in which a first steel plate, a second steel plate and a third steel plate are connected end to end in turn, the first steel plate is fixed on the side wall of the foundation pit, and the end of the third steel plate faces superior;
  • the fixing member is welded by a fourth steel plate and a fifth steel plate at an acute angle, the fourth steel plate is fixedly connected to the box back plate, and the fifth steel plate is inserted into the third steel plate and the side of the foundation pit. Between the walls.
  • the surface settlement detector is a static level
  • the data collection module is a ZigBee data module
  • the information collection module is a ZigBee information collection module.
  • ground settlement detection units and the person positioning units there are multiple ground settlement detection units and the person positioning units; the distance between adjacent ground settlement detection units is not more than 20 meters, and the distance between adjacent people positioning units is not more than 10 meters.
  • a risk assessment method applied to the above system including:
  • S1 Obtain sample data used to evaluate the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: the number of personnel, multiple personnel The distance to the target location and the information of surface subsidence, and the average distance and the minimum distance calculated from multiple distances;
  • the number of all identification cards recognized by the person positioning unit is the number of persons; the person positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple persons and the target position;
  • mapping matrix is expressed as:
  • x m1 is the number of people
  • x m2 is the average distance
  • x m3 is the minimum distance
  • m is the number of samples
  • x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location
  • l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location
  • Y m is the risk level
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,... ⁇ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution
  • k m l in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
  • ⁇ f is a constant coefficient
  • the present invention realizes the unified management of the personnel position information and the surface settlement information, and avoids difficult problems such as difficulty in positioning the personnel when the danger occurs during the construction of the foundation pit.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a personnel positioning unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground settlement detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the personnel positioning unit and the ground settlement detection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive risk level evaluation process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a personnel positioning system in the construction of a foundation pit.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • And positioning unit 2 as shown in FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface settlement detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • the surface settlement detection unit 1 includes: a surface settlement detector 1.1 and a data acquisition module 1.2;
  • the surface settlement detector 1.1 It is a static level, and the data acquisition module 1.2 is a ZigBee data module;
  • the personnel positioning unit 2 includes: a cabinet 2.1, an information acquisition module 2.2 and Transmitting antenna 2.3;
  • the box 2.1 is fixed to the side wall of the foundation pit by bolts, the information acquisition module 2.2 is fixed in the box 2.1 by bolts, and the transmitting antenna 2.3 is fixed outside the box 2.1, And connected with the information collection module 2.2 through a wire;
  • the information collection module 2.2 includes: a cabinet 2.1, an information acquisition module 2.2 and
  • the data collection module 1.2 receives the land subsidence information collected by the land subsidence detector 1.1, and the information collection module 2.2 receives the land subsidence information sent by the data collection module 1.2, and collects personnel location information through the personnel identification card 2.4
  • the transmitting antenna 2.3 sends surface settlement information and personnel location information to a remote server, the remote server analyzes the surface settlement information and personnel location information in different areas, and when there is an abnormal surface settlement, it sends out an alarm device in the foundation pit Early warning signals, such as sound and light alarms.
  • the surface settlement detection unit 1 further includes: a special-shaped steel plate 1.3; the free-end of the special-shaped steel plate 1.3 is fixed to the ground surface of the foundation pit by bolts, the special-shaped steel plate 1.3 is convex in the middle, and the convex part faces upwards.
  • the surface settlement detector 1.1 is fixedly connected with the raised part by bolts toward the outside; the raised part forms a containing cavity with the ground surface of the foundation pit, and the data collection module 1.2 is arranged in the containing cavity and is connected with The protruding part is fixedly connected to the inside to protect the data collection module 1.2 from the wind and the sun and damage it.
  • the remote server includes:
  • a sample data calculation unit that can obtain sample data for evaluating the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: personnel’s The number, the distance between multiple persons and the target location, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of land subsidence, the average distance and the minimum distance are calculated from multiple distances; the number of all identification cards recognized by the personnel positioning unit is said The number of personnel; the personnel positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple personnel and the target position;
  • the mapping sample forming unit can obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of the land subsidence, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level.
  • the mapping matrix is expressed as:
  • x m1 is the number of people
  • x m2 is the average distance
  • x m3 is the minimum distance
  • m is the number of samples
  • x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location
  • l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location
  • Y m is the risk level
  • a modeling unit which can model Y using a nonlinear mapping process, assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, and the model is as follows:
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,... ⁇ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution
  • k ml in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
  • ⁇ f is a constant coefficient
  • the risk level evaluation unit can obtain the risk level of the target location, and the risk level of the target location is established by establishing a joint distribution of the risk level y* and the sample data to obtain the following equation:
  • the surface settlement detection unit 1 detects the settlement information on the surface of the foundation pit, and sends the settlement information on the surface of the foundation pit to the data collection module 1.2 through the ZigBee protocol, that is, the Zigbee protocol, and the data collection module 1.2 sends the settlement information on the surface of the foundation pit.
  • ZigBee protocol Zigbee protocol
  • Zigbee protocol has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, support for a large number of online nodes, low complexity, fast, reliable, and safe.
  • the information collection module 2.2 identifies the specific location of the constructor by identifying the identification card 2.4 carried by the constructor (the information in this section is recognized as prior art, and will not be repeated in this application); the information collection module 2.2 identifies the location of the foundation pit
  • the settlement information and personnel location information are sent to the remote server through the transmitting antenna 2.3.
  • the remote server makes predictions on the settlement information of the foundation pit surface at different locations, and judges the dangerous occurrence area. After the dangerous occurrence area is determined, the construction personnel in the area will be notified Make an emergency evacuation.
  • the clamping member 3 includes a supporting member 3.1 fixed on the side wall 5 of the foundation pit by bolts and a fixing member 3.2 fixed on the back plate of the box 2.1; the fixing member 3.2 and the The supporting member 3.1 is snap-connected; the supporting member 3.1 is a Z-shaped structure formed by the first steel plate 3.1.1, the second steel plate 3.1.2 and the third steel plate 3.1.3 which are connected end to end in turn, the first steel plate 3.1.1 It is fixed to the side wall 5 of the foundation pit, and the end of the third steel plate 3.1.3 faces upward; the fixing member 3.2 is welded at an acute angle from the fourth steel plate 3.2.1 and the fifth steel plate 3.2.2.
  • the fourth steel plate 3.2.1 is fixedly connected to the back plate of the box 2.1, and the fifth steel plate 3.2.2 is inserted between the third steel plate 3.1.3 and the
  • the rubber ball 4 is fixedly connected with the back plate of the box body 2.1 to separate the back plate of the box body 2.1 from the side wall 5 of the foundation pit to prevent collisions, damage the box body, and prolong its service life.
  • ground settlement detection units 1 and the personnel positioning unit 2 there are multiple ground settlement detection units 1 and the personnel positioning unit 2; the distance between adjacent ground settlement detection units 1 is not more than 20 meters, and the adjacent personnel The distance between the positioning units 2 is not more than 10 meters, which ensures that the entire foundation pit is within the detection range and further ensures the safety of construction personnel.
  • the present invention also provides a risk assessment method applied in the above system, including:
  • S1 Obtain sample data used to evaluate the risk level of the target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground subsidence detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: the number of personnel, multiple personnel The distance to the target location and the information of surface subsidence, and the average distance and the minimum distance calculated from multiple distances;
  • the number of all identification cards recognized by the person positioning unit is the number of persons; the person positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple persons and the target position;
  • the distance between the person and the target location can be expressed as:
  • the RSSI (signal strength) value is a value that can be actually measured, which can be regarded as a known value; the values of A and n are affected by the working environment of the personnel positioning unit and need to be obtained through on-site testing (this part is the prior art, this application No longer).
  • the RSSI value of the target location is collected, and then the A and n values can be obtained according to the linear regression method, and then the distance between the person and the target location can be obtained.
  • the personnel positioning unit will automatically count the number of effective RSSIs near each target location, that is, the number of personnel, and calculate the average and minimum distances between all effective personnel and the target location.
  • mapping matrix is expressed as:
  • x m1 is the number of people
  • x m2 is the average distance
  • x m3 is the minimum distance
  • m is the number of samples
  • x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location
  • l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location
  • Y m is the risk level
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,... ⁇ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution
  • k m l in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
  • ⁇ f is a constant coefficient

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Abstract

A personnel positioning system and a risk assessment method in foundation pit construction. The system comprises: a plurality of ground surface settlement detection units (1) provided on the ground surface (6) of a foundation pit and a plurality of personnel positioning units (2) provided on the side wall of the foundation pit. Each ground surface settlement detection unit (1) comprises: a ground surface settlement detector (1.1) and a data acquisition module (1.2), and each personnel positioning unit (2) comprises: a box body (2.1), an information acquisition module (2.2) and a transmitting antenna (2.3); the data acquisition module (1.2) receives ground surface settlement information acquired by the ground surface settlement detector (1.1), the information acquisition module (2.2) receives the ground surface settlement information sent by the data acquisition module (1.2) and acquires personnel location information by means of personnel identification cards (2.4), and the transmitting antenna (2.3) sends the ground surface settlement information and the personnel location information to a remote server. Unified management of the personnel location information and the ground surface settlement information is achieved by combining the personnel positioning units (2) and the ground surface settlement detection units (1), and the problem that personnel positioning is difficult when danger occurs in the foundation pit engineering construction process is avoided.

Description

一种基坑施工中人员定位***及风险评估方法Personnel positioning system and risk assessment method in foundation pit construction 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及基坑人员定位领域，尤其涉及一种基坑施工中人员定位***及风险评估方法。The invention relates to the field of personnel positioning in a foundation pit, and in particular to a personnel positioning system and a risk assessment method in the construction of a foundation pit.
背景技术Background technique
基坑建设过程中，人员安全管理始终是基坑工程建设过程中重要环节，基坑建设场地开阔，工序复杂，各工种工人交叉作业，管理人员难以及时获悉每个工人的位置，导致实际建设过程中常常出现人员管理难题，当某处工程位置即将出现危险时，无法立刻判断有哪些施工人员处于危险区域，无法实现工程风险的针对性预警。In the process of foundation pit construction, personnel safety management is always an important part of the construction process of foundation pit engineering. The construction site of foundation pit is open, the process is complicated, and workers of various types of work cross-work. It is difficult for management personnel to know the location of each worker in time, which leads to the actual construction process. Difficulties in personnel management often arise in the process. When a certain project location is about to be in danger, it is impossible to immediately determine which construction personnel are in the dangerous area, and it is impossible to achieve targeted early warning of project risks.
另一方面，基坑建设过程中主要风险来源于基坑侧壁倾斜变形，而这种风险的直观反映是周围地表的沉降变形。传统施工过程中，一般通过人工测量的方式对地表变形进行监测，这种方法成本高且测量频率与精度较低，无法实现基坑工程的有效安全管理的目的。On the other hand, the main risk in the process of foundation pit construction comes from the inclination and deformation of the sidewall of the foundation pit, and the intuitive reflection of this risk is the settlement and deformation of the surrounding ground. In the traditional construction process, the surface deformation is generally monitored by manual measurement. This method has high cost and low measurement frequency and accuracy, which cannot achieve the purpose of effective safety management of foundation pit engineering.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供一种基坑施工中人员定位***，以克服上述技术问题。The present invention provides a personnel positioning system in foundation pit construction to overcome the above technical problems.
本发明提供一种基坑施工中人员定位***，包括：设置在基坑地表的地表沉降检测单元和设置在基坑侧壁的人与定位单元；The invention provides a personnel positioning system in the construction of a foundation pit, which includes: a ground settlement detection unit arranged on the surface of the foundation pit and a person and positioning unit arranged on the sidewall of the foundation pit;
所述地表沉降检测单元包括：地表沉降检测仪和数据采集模块；The surface settlement detection unit includes: a surface settlement detection instrument and a data acquisition module;
所述人员定位单元包括：箱体、信息采集模块及发射天线；所述箱体固定于基坑侧壁，所述信息采集模块设置于所述箱体内，所述发射天线固定于所述箱体外；The personnel positioning unit includes: a box body, an information acquisition module and a transmitting antenna; the box body is fixed on the side wall of the foundation pit, the information acquisition module is arranged in the box body, and the transmitting antenna is fixed on the box body outside;
所述数据采集模块接收所述地表沉降检测仪采集的地表沉降信息，所述信息采集模块接收所述数据采集模块发送的地表沉降信息，并通过人员的识别卡采集人员位置信息；所述发射天线将地表沉降信息和人员位置信息发送至远程服务器，所述远程服务器对不同区域的地表沉降信息和人员位置信息进行分析，存在地表沉降异常时，向基坑内发出预警信号。The data collection module receives the land subsidence information collected by the land subsidence detector, the information collection module receives the land subsidence information sent by the data collection module, and collects personnel location information through the personnel identification card; the transmitting antenna The surface subsidence information and personnel location information are sent to a remote server, which analyzes the surface subsidence information and personnel location information in different areas, and sends an early warning signal to the foundation pit when there is an abnormal surface subsidence.
进一步地，所述远程服务器包括：Further, the remote server includes:
样本数据计算单元，其能够获取用于评价目标位置的风险等级的样本数据，其中所述目标位置为每组地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元所处位置；所述样本数据包括：人员的数量、多个人员与目标位置的距离、平均距离、最小距离和地表沉降信息，平均距离和最小距离由多个距离计算得到的；所述人员定位单元识别到的所有识别卡的数量为所述人员数量；所述人员定位单元获取多个人员与目标位置的距离；A sample data calculation unit that can obtain sample data for evaluating the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: personnel’s The number, the distance between multiple persons and the target location, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of land subsidence, the average distance and the minimum distance are calculated from multiple distances; the number of all identification cards recognized by the personnel positioning unit is said The number of personnel; the personnel positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple personnel and the target position;
映射样本形成单元，其能够根据所述人员数量、平均距离、最小距离以及地表沉降信息获得风险等级，形成用于计算风险等级的映射样本，映射矩阵表示为：The mapping sample forming unit can obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of the land subsidence, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level. The mapping matrix is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000001
记为X→Y
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000001
Denoted as X→Y
其中，x m1为人员数量、x m2为平均距离、x m3为最小距离；m为样本数量；x (m,l+3)为目标位置地表沉降信息，l为目标历史位置地表沉降信息个数；y m为风险等级； Among them, x m1 is the number of people, x m2 is the average distance, and x m3 is the minimum distance; m is the number of samples; x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location, and l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location ; Y m is the risk level;
建模单元，其能够采用非线性映射过程对Y进行建模，假设X对应的Y值服从正态分布，所述模型如下：A modeling unit, which can model Y using a nonlinear mapping process, assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, and the model is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000002
记为Y～N(μ,K)
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000002
Denoted as Y～N(μ,K)
其中，μ 1,μ 2,...μ m为该联合正态分布的均值向量，上述矩阵中的k ml即y的系数矩阵，采用如下函数进行求解： Among them, μ 1 , μ 2 ,...μ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution, and k ml in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000003
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000004
σ f为常数系数； in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000004
σ f is a constant coefficient;
风险等级评价单元，其能够获得目标位置的风险等级，所述目标位置的风险等级通过建立风险等级y *与所述样本数据建立联合分布得到如下方程： The risk level evaluation unit can obtain the risk level of the target location, and the risk level of the target location is established by establishing a joint distribution of the risk level y* and the sample data to obtain the following equation:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000005
记为
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000005
Denoted as
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000006
结合公式(1)，求得风险评价级别y *的分布参数： Combining formula (1), obtain the distribution parameters of risk assessment level y *:
y *～N(μ *,σ *) y * ～N(μ * ,σ * )
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000007
获得目标位置的风险等级。 in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000007
Get the risk level of the target location.
进一步地，所述地表沉降检测单元还包括：异形钢板；所述异形钢板自由端固定于基坑地表，所述异形钢板中间凸起，所述凸起部朝上，所述地表沉降检测仪与所述凸起部朝外侧固定连接；所述凸起部与所述基坑地表形成容纳腔，所述数据采集模块设置于所述容纳腔内，并与所述凸起部朝内侧固定连接。Further, the surface settlement detection unit further includes: a special-shaped steel plate; the free end of the special-shaped steel plate is fixed on the ground surface of the foundation pit, the middle of the special-shaped steel plate is raised, and the raised portion faces upward, and the ground subsidence detector is connected with The protruding part is fixedly connected to the outside; the protruding part forms a containing cavity with the surface of the foundation pit, and the data collection module is arranged in the containing cavity and is fixedly connected to the convex part to the inside.
进一步地，还包括：卡接件用于防止所述箱体与所述基坑侧壁碰撞的和橡胶球；所述卡接件包括固定在所述基坑侧壁的支撑件和固定在箱体背板的固定件；所述固定件与所述支撑件卡合连接；Further, it further includes: a clamping piece used to prevent the box body from colliding with the side wall of the foundation pit and a rubber ball; the clamping piece includes a support fixed on the side wall of the foundation pit and The fixing part of the body back plate; the fixing part is snap-connected with the supporting part;
所述橡胶球与所述箱体背板固定连接。The rubber ball is fixedly connected with the back plate of the box body.
进一步地，所述支撑件由第一钢板、第二钢板和第三钢板首尾依次相连成的Z型结构，所述第一钢板固定在所述基坑侧壁，所述第三钢板端部朝上；Further, the support member is a Z-shaped structure in which a first steel plate, a second steel plate and a third steel plate are connected end to end in turn, the first steel plate is fixed on the side wall of the foundation pit, and the end of the third steel plate faces superior;
所述固定件由第四钢板和第五钢板成锐角角度焊接成，所述第四钢板与所述箱体背板固定连接，所述第五钢板***所述第三钢板与所述基坑侧壁间。The fixing member is welded by a fourth steel plate and a fifth steel plate at an acute angle, the fourth steel plate is fixedly connected to the box back plate, and the fifth steel plate is inserted into the third steel plate and the side of the foundation pit. Between the walls.
进一步地，所述地表沉降检测仪为静力水准仪，所述数据采集模块为ZigBee数据模块，所述信息采集模块为ZigBee信息采集模块。Further, the surface settlement detector is a static level, the data collection module is a ZigBee data module, and the information collection module is a ZigBee information collection module.
进一步地，所述地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元为多个；相邻地表沉降检测单元间距不大于20米，相邻人员定位单元间距不大于10米。Further, there are multiple ground settlement detection units and the person positioning units; the distance between adjacent ground settlement detection units is not more than 20 meters, and the distance between adjacent people positioning units is not more than 10 meters.
一种应用于上述***中风险评估方法，包括：A risk assessment method applied to the above system, including:
S1：获取用于评价目标位置的风险等级的样本数据，其中所述目标位置为每组地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元所处位置；所述样本数据包括：人员的数量、多个人员与目标位置的距离和地表沉降信息，并由多个距离计算得到的平均距离和最小距离；S1: Obtain sample data used to evaluate the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: the number of personnel, multiple personnel The distance to the target location and the information of surface subsidence, and the average distance and the minimum distance calculated from multiple distances;
所述人员定位单元识别到的所有识别卡的数量为所述人员数量；所述人员定位单元获取多个人员与目标位置的距离；The number of all identification cards recognized by the person positioning unit is the number of persons; the person positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple persons and the target position;
S2：根据所述人员数量、平均距离、最小距离以及地表沉降信息获得风险等级，形成用于计算风险等级的映射样本，映射矩阵表示为：S2: Obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, average distance, minimum distance, and surface settlement information, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level. The mapping matrix is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000008
记为X→Y
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000008
Denoted as X→Y
其中，x m1为人员数量、x m2为平均距离、x m3为最小距离；m为样本数量；x (m,l+3)为目标位置地表沉降信息，l为目标历史位置地表沉降信息个数；y m为风险等级； Among them, x m1 is the number of people, x m2 is the average distance, and x m3 is the minimum distance; m is the number of samples; x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location, and l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location ; Y m is the risk level;
S3：假设X对应的Y值服从正态分布，采用非线性映射过程对Y进行建模：S3: Assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, the nonlinear mapping process is used to model Y:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000009
记为Y～N(μ,K)
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000009
Denoted as Y～N(μ,K)
其中，μ 1,μ 2,...μ m为该联合正态分布的均值向量，上述矩阵中的k ml即y的系数矩阵，采用如下函数进行求解： Among them, μ 1 , μ 2 ,...μ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution, and k m l in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000010
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000011
σ f为常数系数； in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000011
σ f is a constant coefficient;
S4：建立风险等级y *与所述样本建立联合分布： S4: Establish a risk level y * and establish a joint distribution with the sample:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000012
记为
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000012
Denoted as
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000013
结合公式(1)，求得风险评价级别y *的分布参数： Combining formula (1), obtain the distribution parameters of risk assessment level y *:
y *～N(μ *,σ *) y * ～N(μ * ,σ * )
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000014
获得目标位置的风险等级。 in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000014
Get the risk level of the target location.
本发明通过人员定位单元与地表沉降检测单元，实现了人员位置信息与地表沉降信息的统一管理，避免了基坑工程建设过程中危险发生时人员定位困难等难题。Through the personnel positioning unit and the surface settlement detection unit, the present invention realizes the unified management of the personnel position information and the surface settlement information, and avoids difficult problems such as difficulty in positioning the personnel when the danger occurs during the construction of the foundation pit.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.
图1为本发明实施例整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例人员定位单元结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a personnel positioning unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例地表沉降检测单元结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground settlement detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例人员定位单元和地表沉降检测单元安装位置意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the personnel positioning unit and the ground settlement detection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例综合风险等级评价流程示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive risk level evaluation process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明提供一种基坑施工中人员定位***，如图1所示，为本发明实施例整体结构示意图包括：设置在基坑地表6的地表沉降检测单元1和设置在基坑侧壁的人与定位单元2；如图3所示，为本发明实施例地表沉降检测单元结构示意图；所述地表沉降检测单元1包括：地表沉降检测仪1.1和数据采集模块1.2；所述地表沉降检测仪1.1为静力水准仪，所述数据采集模块1.2为ZigBee数据模块；如图2所示，为本发明实施例人员定位单元结构示意图；所述人员定位单元2包括：箱体2.1、信息采集模块2.2及发射天线2.3；所述箱体2.1通过螺栓固定于基坑侧壁，所述信息采集模块2.2通过螺栓固定设置于所述箱体2.1内，所述发射天线2.3固定于所述箱体2.1外，并与所述信息采集模块2.2通过导线连接；所述信息采集模块2.2为ZigBee信息采集模 块；The present invention provides a personnel positioning system in the construction of a foundation pit. As shown in FIG. 1, it is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention. And positioning unit 2; as shown in FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface settlement detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; the surface settlement detection unit 1 includes: a surface settlement detector 1.1 and a data acquisition module 1.2; the surface settlement detector 1.1 It is a static level, and the data acquisition module 1.2 is a ZigBee data module; as shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the personnel positioning unit according to the embodiment of the present invention; the personnel positioning unit 2 includes: a cabinet 2.1, an information acquisition module 2.2 and Transmitting antenna 2.3; the box 2.1 is fixed to the side wall of the foundation pit by bolts, the information acquisition module 2.2 is fixed in the box 2.1 by bolts, and the transmitting antenna 2.3 is fixed outside the box 2.1, And connected with the information collection module 2.2 through a wire; the information collection module 2.2 is a ZigBee information collection module;
所述数据采集模块1.2接收所述地表沉降检测仪1.1采集的地表沉降信息，所述信息采集模块2.2接收所述数据采集模块1.2发送的地表沉降信息，并通过人员的识别卡2.4采集人员位置信息；所述发射天线2.3将地表沉降信息和人员位置信息发送至远程服务器，所述远程服务器对不同区域的地表沉降信息和人员位置信息进行分析，存在地表沉降异常时，向基坑内的报警设备发出预警信号，如声光报警。The data collection module 1.2 receives the land subsidence information collected by the land subsidence detector 1.1, and the information collection module 2.2 receives the land subsidence information sent by the data collection module 1.2, and collects personnel location information through the personnel identification card 2.4 The transmitting antenna 2.3 sends surface settlement information and personnel location information to a remote server, the remote server analyzes the surface settlement information and personnel location information in different areas, and when there is an abnormal surface settlement, it sends out an alarm device in the foundation pit Early warning signals, such as sound and light alarms.
进一步地，所述地表沉降检测单元1还包括：异形钢板1.3；所述异形钢板1.3自由端通螺栓固定于基坑地表，所述异形钢板1.3中间凸起，所述凸起部朝上，所述地表沉降检测仪1.1与所述凸起部朝外侧通过螺栓固定连接；所述凸起部与所述基坑地表形成容纳腔，所述数据采集模块1.2设置于所述容纳腔内，并与所述凸起部朝内侧固定连接，实现对所述数据采集模块1.2的保护，防止风吹日晒，对其造成损坏。Further, the surface settlement detection unit 1 further includes: a special-shaped steel plate 1.3; the free-end of the special-shaped steel plate 1.3 is fixed to the ground surface of the foundation pit by bolts, the special-shaped steel plate 1.3 is convex in the middle, and the convex part faces upwards. The surface settlement detector 1.1 is fixedly connected with the raised part by bolts toward the outside; the raised part forms a containing cavity with the ground surface of the foundation pit, and the data collection module 1.2 is arranged in the containing cavity and is connected with The protruding part is fixedly connected to the inside to protect the data collection module 1.2 from the wind and the sun and damage it.
所述远程服务器包括：The remote server includes:
样本数据计算单元，其能够获取用于评价目标位置的风险等级的样本数据，其中所述目标位置为每组地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元所处位置；所述样本数据包括：人员的数量、多个人员与目标位置的距离、平均距离、最小距离和地表沉降信息，平均距离和最小距离由多个距离计算得到的；所述人员定位单元识别到的所有识别卡的数量为所述人员数量；所述人员定位单元获取多个人员与目标位置的距离；A sample data calculation unit that can obtain sample data for evaluating the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: personnel’s The number, the distance between multiple persons and the target location, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of land subsidence, the average distance and the minimum distance are calculated from multiple distances; the number of all identification cards recognized by the personnel positioning unit is said The number of personnel; the personnel positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple personnel and the target position;
映射样本形成单元，其能够根据所述人员数量、平均距离、最小距离以及地表沉降信息获得风险等级，形成用于计算风险等级的映射样本，映射矩阵表示为：The mapping sample forming unit can obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of the land subsidence, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level. The mapping matrix is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000015
记为X→Y
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000015
Denoted as X→Y
其中，x m1为人员数量、x m2为平均距离、x m3为最小距离；m为样本数量；x (m,l+3)为目标位置地表沉降信息，l为目标历史位置地表沉降信息个数；y m为风险等级； Among them, x m1 is the number of people, x m2 is the average distance, and x m3 is the minimum distance; m is the number of samples; x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location, and l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location ; Y m is the risk level;
建模单元，其能够采用非线性映射过程对Y进行建模，假设X对应的Y值服从正态分布，所述模型如下：A modeling unit, which can model Y using a nonlinear mapping process, assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, and the model is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000016
记为Y～N(μ,K)
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000016
Denoted as Y～N(μ,K)
其中，μ 1,μ 2,...μ m为该联合正态分布的均值向量，上述矩阵中的k ml即y的系数矩阵，采用如下函数进行求解： Among them, μ 1 , μ 2 ,...μ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution, and k ml in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000017
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000018
σ f为常数系数； in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000018
σ f is a constant coefficient;
风险等级评价单元，其能够获得目标位置的风险等级，所述目标位置的风险等级通过建立风险等级y *与所述样本数据建立联合分布得到如下方程： The risk level evaluation unit can obtain the risk level of the target location, and the risk level of the target location is established by establishing a joint distribution of the risk level y* and the sample data to obtain the following equation:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000019
记为
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000019
Denoted as
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000020
结合公式(1)，求得风险评价级别y *的分布参数： Combining formula (1), obtain the distribution parameters of risk assessment level y *:
y *～N(μ *,σ *) y * ～N(μ * ,σ * )
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000021
获得目标位置的风险等级。 in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000021
Get the risk level of the target location.
具体而言，地表沉降检测单元1检测基坑地表的沉降信息，并通过ZigBee协议，即紫蜂协议，将地表沉降信息发送至数据采集模块1.2，数据采集模块1.2将基坑地表的沉降信息发送至信息采集模块2.2紫蜂协议具有低耗电、低成本、支持大量网上节点、低复杂度、快速、可靠、安全等优点，对于开阔的基坑环境以及多个监测的设置及其有力；同时信息采集模块2.2通过识别施工人员随身携带的人员的识别卡2.4，进而识别施工人员的具***置(本部分的信息识别为现有技术，本申请不在赘述)；信息采集模块2.2将基坑地表的沉降信息和人员位置信息通过发射天线2.3发送至远程服务器，远程服 务器针对不同位置的基坑地表的沉降信息做出预测，并判断危险发生区域，确定危险发生区域后，再通知该区域的施工人员进行紧急撤离。Specifically, the surface settlement detection unit 1 detects the settlement information on the surface of the foundation pit, and sends the settlement information on the surface of the foundation pit to the data collection module 1.2 through the ZigBee protocol, that is, the Zigbee protocol, and the data collection module 1.2 sends the settlement information on the surface of the foundation pit. To the information collection module 2.2 Zigbee protocol has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, support for a large number of online nodes, low complexity, fast, reliable, and safe. It is powerful for the open foundation pit environment and multiple monitoring settings; at the same time; The information collection module 2.2 identifies the specific location of the constructor by identifying the identification card 2.4 carried by the constructor (the information in this section is recognized as prior art, and will not be repeated in this application); the information collection module 2.2 identifies the location of the foundation pit The settlement information and personnel location information are sent to the remote server through the transmitting antenna 2.3. The remote server makes predictions on the settlement information of the foundation pit surface at different locations, and judges the dangerous occurrence area. After the dangerous occurrence area is determined, the construction personnel in the area will be notified Make an emergency evacuation.
进一步地，还包括：卡接件3和用于防止所述箱体1与所述基坑侧壁5碰撞的和橡胶球4；如图4所示，为本发明实施例人员定位单元和地表沉降检测单元安装位置意图；所述卡接件3包括通过螺栓固定在所述基坑侧壁5的支撑件3.1和固定在箱体2.1背板的固定件3.2；所述固定件3.2与所述支撑件3.1卡合连接；所述支撑件3.1由第一钢板3.1.1、第二钢板3.1.2和第三钢板3.1.3首尾依次相连成的Z型结构，所述第一钢板3.1.1固定在所述基坑侧壁5，所述第三钢板3.1.3端部朝上；所述固定件3.2由第四钢板3.2.1和第五钢板3.2.2成锐角角度焊接成，所述第四钢板3.2.1与所述箱体2.1背板固定连接，所述第五钢板3.2.2***所述第三钢板3.1.3与所述基坑侧壁5间。Further, it also includes: a clamping member 3 and a rubber ball 4 for preventing the box body 1 from colliding with the side wall 5 of the foundation pit; as shown in FIG. The installation position of the settlement detection unit is intended; the clamping member 3 includes a supporting member 3.1 fixed on the side wall 5 of the foundation pit by bolts and a fixing member 3.2 fixed on the back plate of the box 2.1; the fixing member 3.2 and the The supporting member 3.1 is snap-connected; the supporting member 3.1 is a Z-shaped structure formed by the first steel plate 3.1.1, the second steel plate 3.1.2 and the third steel plate 3.1.3 which are connected end to end in turn, the first steel plate 3.1.1 It is fixed to the side wall 5 of the foundation pit, and the end of the third steel plate 3.1.3 faces upward; the fixing member 3.2 is welded at an acute angle from the fourth steel plate 3.2.1 and the fifth steel plate 3.2.2. The fourth steel plate 3.2.1 is fixedly connected to the back plate of the box 2.1, and the fifth steel plate 3.2.2 is inserted between the third steel plate 3.1.3 and the side wall 5 of the foundation pit.
所述橡胶球4与所述箱体2.1背板固定连接，使所述箱体2.1的背板与所述基坑侧壁5隔开，防止碰撞，对箱体产生破坏，延长其使用寿命。The rubber ball 4 is fixedly connected with the back plate of the box body 2.1 to separate the back plate of the box body 2.1 from the side wall 5 of the foundation pit to prevent collisions, damage the box body, and prolong its service life.
进一步地，为了能够准确无遗漏的检测施工人员的位置信息，所述地表沉降检测单元1和所述人员定位单元2为多个；相邻地表沉降检测单元1间距不大于20米，相邻人员定位单元2间距不大于10米，保证了整个基坑都在检测范围内，进一步确保了施工人员的安全。Further, in order to be able to accurately detect the location information of the construction personnel, there are multiple ground settlement detection units 1 and the personnel positioning unit 2; the distance between adjacent ground settlement detection units 1 is not more than 20 meters, and the adjacent personnel The distance between the positioning units 2 is not more than 10 meters, which ensures that the entire foundation pit is within the detection range and further ensures the safety of construction personnel.
本发明还提供一种应用于上述***中的风险评估方法，包括：The present invention also provides a risk assessment method applied in the above system, including:
S1：获取用于评价目标位置的风险等级的样本数据，其中所述目标位置为每组地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元所处位置；所述样本数据包括：人员的数量、多个人员与目标位置的距离和地表沉降信息，并由多个距离计算得到的平均距离和最小距离；S1: Obtain sample data used to evaluate the risk level of the target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground subsidence detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: the number of personnel, multiple personnel The distance to the target location and the information of surface subsidence, and the average distance and the minimum distance calculated from multiple distances;
所述人员定位单元识别到的所有识别卡的数量为所述人员数量；所述人员定位单元获取多个人员与目标位置的距离；The number of all identification cards recognized by the person positioning unit is the number of persons; the person positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple persons and the target position;
具体而言，人员与目标位置的距离可表示为：Specifically, the distance between the person and the target location can be expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000022
其中，RSSI(信号强度)值为可实际测量的值，可视为已知值；A、n值受人员定位单元工作环境的影响，需要通过现场测试得到(本部分为现有技术，本申请不再赘述)。在基坑施工现场，通过采集目标位置的RSSI值，然后根据线性回归法即可得到A、n值，进而得到人员与目标位置的距离。Among them, the RSSI (signal strength) value is a value that can be actually measured, which can be regarded as a known value; the values of A and n are affected by the working environment of the personnel positioning unit and need to be obtained through on-site testing (this part is the prior art, this application No longer). At the foundation pit construction site, the RSSI value of the target location is collected, and then the A and n values can be obtained according to the linear regression method, and then the distance between the person and the target location can be obtained.
人员定位单元将自动统计每个目标位置附近有效RSSI数量即人员数量，并计算获得全部有效人员与目标位置之间的平均距离及最小距离，The personnel positioning unit will automatically count the number of effective RSSIs near each target location, that is, the number of personnel, and calculate the average and minimum distances between all effective personnel and the target location.
S2：根据所述人员数量、平均距离、最小距离以及地表沉降信息获得风险等级，形成用于计算风险等级的映射样本，映射矩阵表示为：S2: Obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, average distance, minimum distance, and surface settlement information, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level. The mapping matrix is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000023
记为X→Y
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000023
Denoted as X→Y
其中，x m1为人员数量、x m2为平均距离、x m3为最小距离；m为样本数量；x (m,l+3)为目标位置地表沉降信息，l为目标历史位置地表沉降信息个数；y m为风险等级； Among them, x m1 is the number of people, x m2 is the average distance, and x m3 is the minimum distance; m is the number of samples; x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location, and l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location ; Y m is the risk level;
S3：假设X对应的Y值服从正态分布，采用非线性映射过程对Y进行建模：S3: Assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, the nonlinear mapping process is used to model Y:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000024
记为Y～N(μ,K)
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000024
Denoted as Y～N(μ,K)
其中，μ 1,μ 2,...μ m为该联合正态分布的均值向量，上述矩阵中的k ml即y的系数矩阵，采用如下函数进行求解： Among them, μ 1 , μ 2 ,...μ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution, and k m l in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000025
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000026
σ f为常数系数； in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000026
σ f is a constant coefficient;
S4：建立风险等级y *与所述样本建立联合分布： S4: Establish a risk level y * and establish a joint distribution with the sample:
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000027
记为
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000027
Denoted as
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000028
结合公式(1)，求得风险评价级别y *的分布参数： Combining formula (1), obtain the distribution parameters of risk assessment level y *:
y *～N(μ *,σ *) y * ～N(μ * ,σ * )
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000029
获得目标位置的风险等级，如图5所示，具体为一级风险、二级风险、三级风险、四级风险和五级风险。 in,
Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-000029
Obtain the risk level of the target location, as shown in Figure 5, which is specifically the first-level risk, the second-level risk, the third-level risk, the fourth-level risk, and the fifth-level risk.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Scope.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基坑施工中人员定位***，其特征在于，包括：设置在基坑地表(6)的多个地表沉降检测单元(1)和设置在基坑侧壁的多个人员定位单元(2)；A personnel positioning system in foundation pit construction, which is characterized by comprising: multiple ground settlement detection units (1) arranged on the ground surface (6) of the foundation pit and multiple personnel positioning units (2) arranged on the side walls of the foundation pit ；
    所述地表沉降检测单元(1)包括：地表沉降检测仪(1.1)和数据采集模块(1.2)；The surface settlement detection unit (1) includes: a surface settlement detector (1.1) and a data acquisition module (1.2);
    所述人员定位单元(2)包括：箱体(2.1)、信息采集模块(2.2)及发射天线(2.3)；所述箱体(2.1)固定于基坑侧壁，所述信息采集模块(2.2)设置于所述箱体(2.1)内，所述发射天线(2.3)固定于所述箱体(2.1)外；The personnel positioning unit (2) includes: a box (2.1), an information acquisition module (2.2), and a transmitting antenna (2.3); the box (2.1) is fixed on the sidewall of the foundation pit, and the information acquisition module (2.2) ) Is arranged in the box (2.1), and the transmitting antenna (2.3) is fixed outside the box (2.1);
    所述数据采集模块(1.2)接收所述地表沉降检测仪(1.1)采集的地表沉降信息，所述信息采集模块(2.2)接收所述数据采集模块(1.2)发送的地表沉降信息，并通过人员的识别卡(2.4)采集人员位置信息；所述发射天线(2.3)将地表沉降信息和人员位置信息发送至远程服务器，所述远程服务器对不同区域的地表沉降信息和人员位置信息进行分析，存在地表沉降异常时，向基坑内发出预警信号。The data collection module (1.2) receives the ground subsidence information collected by the ground subsidence detector (1.1), and the information collection module (2.2) receives the ground subsidence information sent by the data collection module (1.2), and passes it through personnel The identification card (2.4) collects personnel location information; the transmitting antenna (2.3) sends the land subsidence information and personnel location information to a remote server, and the remote server analyzes the land subsidence information and personnel location information in different areas. When the ground subsidence is abnormal, an early warning signal is sent to the foundation pit.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述远程服务器包括：The system according to claim 1, wherein the remote server comprises:
    样本数据计算单元，其能够获取用于评价目标位置的风险等级的样本数据，其中所述目标位置为每组地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元所处位置；所述样本数据包括：人员的数量、多个人员与目标位置的距离、平均距离、最小距离和地表沉降信息，平均距离和最小距离由多个距离计算得到的；所述人员定位单元识别到的所有识别卡的数量为所述人员数量；所述人员定位单元获取多个人员与目标位置的距离；A sample data calculation unit that can obtain sample data for evaluating the risk level of a target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground settlement detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: personnel’s The number, the distance between multiple persons and the target location, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of land subsidence, the average distance and the minimum distance are calculated from multiple distances; the number of all identification cards recognized by the personnel positioning unit is said The number of personnel; the personnel positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple personnel and the target position;
    映射样本形成单元，其能够根据所述人员数量、平均距离、最小距离以及地表沉降信息获得风险等级，形成用于计算风险等级的映射样本，映射矩阵表示为：The mapping sample forming unit can obtain the risk level according to the number of people, the average distance, the minimum distance, and the information of land subsidence, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level. The mapping matrix is expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100001
    记为X→Y
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100001
    Denoted as X→Y
    其中，x m1为人员数量、x m2为平均距离、x m3为最小距离；m为样本数量；x (m,l+3)为目标位置地表沉降信息，l为目标历史位置地表沉降信息个数；y m为风险等级； Among them, x m1 is the number of people, x m2 is the average distance, and x m3 is the minimum distance; m is the number of samples; x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location, and l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location ; Y m is the risk level;
    建模单元，其能够采用非线性映射过程对Y进行建模，假设X对应的Y值服从正态分布，所述模型如下：A modeling unit, which can model Y using a nonlinear mapping process, assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, and the model is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100002
    记为Y～N(μ,K)
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100002
    Denoted as Y～N(μ,K)
    其中，μ 1,μ 2,...μ m为该联合正态分布的均值向量，上述矩阵中的k ml即y的系数矩阵，采用如下函数进行求解： Among them, μ 1 , μ 2 ,...μ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution, and k ml in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100003
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100004
    σ f为常数系数；     in,
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100004
    σ f is a constant coefficient;
    风险等级评价单元，其能够获得目标位置的风险等级，所述目标位置的风险等级通过建立风险等级y *与所述样本数据建立联合分布得到如下方程： The risk level evaluation unit can obtain the risk level of the target location, and the risk level of the target location is established by establishing a joint distribution of the risk level y* and the sample data to obtain the following equation:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100005
    记为
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100005
    Denoted as
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100006
    结合公式(1)，求得风险评价级别y *的分布参数： Combining formula (1), obtain the distribution parameters of risk assessment level y *:
    y *～N(μ *,σ *) y * ～N(μ * ,σ * )
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100007
    获得目标位置的风险等级。     in,
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100007
    Get the risk level of the target location.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述地表沉降检测单元(1)还包括：异形钢板(1.3)；所述异形钢板(1.3)自由端固定于基坑地表，所述异形钢板(1.3)中间凸起形成凸起部，所述凸起部朝上，所述地表沉降检测仪(1.1)与所述凸起部朝外侧固定连接；所述凸起部与所述基坑地表形成容纳腔，所述数据采集模块(1.2)设置于所述容纳腔内，并与所述凸起部固定连接。The system according to claim 1, wherein the surface settlement detection unit (1) further comprises: a special-shaped steel plate (1.3); the free end of the special-shaped steel plate (1.3) is fixed on the ground surface of the foundation pit, and the special-shaped steel plate (1.3) The middle bulge forms a bulge, and the bulge faces upward, and the surface settlement detector (1.1) is fixedly connected with the bulge toward the outside; the bulge is connected to the ground surface of the foundation pit. An accommodating cavity is formed, and the data acquisition module (1.2) is arranged in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the protrusion.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，还包括：卡接件(3)和用于防止所述箱体(1)与所述基坑侧壁(5)碰撞的橡胶球(4)；所述卡接件(3)包括固定在所述基坑侧壁(5)的支撑件(3.1)和固定在箱体(2.1)背板的固定件(3.2)；所述固定件(3.2)与所述支撑件(3.1)卡合连接；The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: a clip (3) and a rubber ball (4) for preventing the box body (1) from colliding with the side wall (5) of the foundation pit The clamping member (3) includes a supporting member (3.1) fixed on the side wall (5) of the foundation pit and a fixing member (3.2) fixed on the back plate of the box body (2.1); the fixing member (3.2) ) Is snap-connected to the support (3.1);
    所述橡胶球(4)与所述箱体(2.1)背板固定连接。The rubber ball (4) is fixedly connected with the back plate of the box body (2.1).
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的***，其特征在于，所述支撑件(3.1)由第一钢板(3.1.1)、第二钢板(3.1.2)和第三钢板(3.1.3)首尾依次相连成的Z型结构，所述第一钢板(3.1.1)固定在所述基坑侧壁(5)，所述第三钢板(3.1.3)端部朝上；The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the support (3.1) is connected end to end by a first steel plate (3.1.1), a second steel plate (3.1.2) and a third steel plate (3.1.3) in turn In the Z-shaped structure, the first steel plate (3.1.1) is fixed on the side wall (5) of the foundation pit, and the end of the third steel plate (3.1.3) faces upward;
    所述固定件(3.2)由第四钢板(3.2.1)和第五钢板(3.2.2)成锐角角度焊接成，所述第四钢板(3.2.1)与所述箱体(2.1)背板固定连接，所述第五钢板(3.2.2)***所述第三钢板(3.1.3)与所述基坑侧壁(5)间。The fixing member (3.2) is welded by a fourth steel plate (3.2.1) and a fifth steel plate (3.2.2) at an acute angle, and the fourth steel plate (3.2.1) is connected to the back of the box body (2.1). The plates are fixedly connected, and the fifth steel plate (3.2.2) is inserted between the third steel plate (3.1.3) and the side wall (5) of the foundation pit.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述地表沉降检测仪(1.1)为静力水准仪，所述数据采集模块(1.2)为ZigBee数据模块，所述信息采集模块(2.2)为ZigBee信息采集模块。The system according to claim 1, wherein the ground settlement detector (1.1) is a static level, the data acquisition module (1.2) is a ZigBee data module, and the information acquisition module (2.2) is a ZigBee Information collection module.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述地表沉降检测单元(1)和所述人员定位单元(2)为多个；相邻地表沉降检测单元(1)间距不大于20米，相邻人员定位单元(2)间距不大于10米。The system according to claim 1, characterized in that there are a plurality of said ground settlement detection units (1) and said personnel positioning units (2); the distance between adjacent ground settlement detection units (1) is not more than 20 meters, The distance between adjacent personnel positioning units (2) is not more than 10 meters.
  8. 一种基坑施工中风险评估方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for risk assessment in foundation pit construction, which is characterized in that it includes:
    S1：获取用于评价目标位置的风险等级的样本数据，其中所述目标位置为每组地表沉降检测单元和所述人员定位单元所处位置；所述样本数据包括：人员的数量、多个人员与目标位置的距离、平均距离、最小距离和地表沉降信息，平均距离和最小距离由多个距离计算得到的；S1: Obtain sample data used to evaluate the risk level of the target location, where the target location is the location of each group of ground subsidence detection units and the personnel positioning unit; the sample data includes: the number of personnel, multiple personnel The distance to the target location, the average distance, the minimum distance and the information on the surface subsidence, the average distance and the minimum distance are calculated from multiple distances;
    所述人员定位单元识别到的所有识别卡的数量为所述人员数量；所述人员定位单元获取多个人员与目标位置的距离；The number of all identification cards recognized by the person positioning unit is the number of persons; the person positioning unit obtains the distances between multiple persons and the target position;
    S2：根据所述人员数量、平均距离、最小距离以及地表沉降信息获得风险等级，形成用于计算风险等级的映射样本，映射矩阵表示为：S2: Obtain the risk level according to the number of personnel, average distance, minimum distance, and surface settlement information, and form a mapping sample for calculating the risk level. The mapping matrix is expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100008
    记为X→Y
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100008
    Denoted as X→Y
    其中，x m1为人员数量、x m2为平均距离、x m3为最小距离；m为样本数量；x (m,l+3)为目标位置地表沉降信息，l为目标历史位置地表沉降信息个数；y m为风险等级； Among them, x m1 is the number of people, x m2 is the average distance, and x m3 is the minimum distance; m is the number of samples; x (m,l+3) is the land subsidence information at the target location, and l is the number of land subsidence information at the target historical location ; Y m is the risk level;
    S3：假设X对应的Y值服从正态分布，采用非线性映射过程对Y进行建模：S3: Assuming that the Y value corresponding to X obeys a normal distribution, the nonlinear mapping process is used to model Y:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100009
    记为Y～N(μ,K)
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100009
    Denoted as Y～N(μ,K)
    其中，μ 1,μ 2,...μ m为该联合正态分布的均值向量，上述矩阵中的k mn即y的系数矩阵，采用如下函数进行求解： Among them, μ 1 , μ 2 ,...μ m are the mean vector of the joint normal distribution, and k mn in the above matrix is the coefficient matrix of y, which is solved by the following function:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100010
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100011
    σ f为常数系数；     in,
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100011
    σ f is a constant coefficient;
    S4：建立风险等级y *与所述样本建立联合分布： S4: Establish a risk level y * and establish a joint distribution with the sample:
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100012
    记为
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100012
    Denoted as
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100013
    结合公式(1)，求得风险评价级别y *的分布参数： Combining formula (1), obtain the distribution parameters of risk assessment level y *:
    y *～N(μ *,σ *) y * ～N(μ * ,σ * )
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100014
    获得目标位置的风险等级。     in,
    Figure PCTCN2020138500-appb-100014
    Get the risk level of the target location.
PCT/CN2020/138500 2020-03-25 2020-12-23 Personnel positioning system and risk assessment method in foundation pit construction WO2021190004A1 (en)

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