WO2021170440A1 - Combustion engine exhaust line having a system for preheating a pollution control element - Google Patents

Combustion engine exhaust line having a system for preheating a pollution control element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021170440A1
WO2021170440A1 PCT/EP2021/053654 EP2021053654W WO2021170440A1 WO 2021170440 A1 WO2021170440 A1 WO 2021170440A1 EP 2021053654 W EP2021053654 W EP 2021053654W WO 2021170440 A1 WO2021170440 A1 WO 2021170440A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preheating system
air
pollution control
preheating
control element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/053654
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Baptiste CHANCERELLE
Eric Dumas
Original Assignee
Renault S.A.S
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault S.A.S filed Critical Renault S.A.S
Publication of WO2021170440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021170440A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/306—Preheating additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/062—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators using electric energy supply; the heating medium being the resistive element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
    • F24H9/0057—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0063—Guiding means in air channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/11—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • TITLE heat engine exhaust line with preheating system of a pollution control element
  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas depollution system.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a preheating device for an internal combustion engine pollution control system which can be associated with an electric motor.
  • a motor vehicle may include a hybrid engine. Said vehicle thus comprises an internal combustion or thermal engine associated with an electric motor with a battery.
  • the electric motor is generally used in a driving phase which follows the starting of the vehicle.
  • the heat engine is then requested according to the charge of the battery of the electric motor.
  • the heat engine is also equipped with a pollution control system.
  • the pollution control system varies depending on the engine but, in all cases, the pollution control system comprises at least one pollution control element.
  • pollution control is frequently carried out by a so-called three-way catalyst. It can also be fitted with a particulate filter specifically adapted to gasoline fuel, this catalyst being known by the acronym of GPF (for Gas Particle Filter in English and) gasoline particle filter in French.
  • GPF Gas Particle Filter in English and
  • These catalysts need to be at least at a certain threshold temperature called the minimum operating temperature of the catalyst in order to be effective. In fact, a large part of the emissions of a specific pollutant outside a motor vehicle can be generated before the catalyst dedicated to the depollution of the specific pollutant reaches the minimum operating temperature.
  • Said temperature threshold actually varies depending on the type of catalyst.
  • the rise in temperature of the pollution control system can be driven by the exhaust gases or by external equipment, for example an auxiliary electric heater.
  • external equipment for example an auxiliary electric heater.
  • a strategy for heating a pollution control element comprising a catalyst based on a fixed preheating time is also known. At the end of this heating period, the catalyst has reached its minimum operating temperature, according to validation tests for example.
  • One drawback is the power consumption of electrical catalytic converter heating systems, which can affect battery charge and significantly reduce electric driving range.
  • the publication FR2981983-A1 proposes a recirculation of the burnt gases punctured downstream of the pollution control element to be brought back upstream of said pollution control element to improve the rise in temperature of the gases upstream of the pollution control element.
  • This proposal makes it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature of the burnt gases upstream of the pollution control element but has reduced efficiency during the engine start-up phases because the temperature of the gases is not sufficiently high, the pollution remains appreciably high. during engine starting phases.
  • the gas flows for heating the pollution control element come from the burnt gases punctured at the exhaust may be insufficient due to the speeds of the gases which are reduced by their passage through various elements arranged in the circuit. for recirculating the burnt gases, including for example a heat exchanger.
  • the aim of the invention is to remedy these problems and one of the objects of the invention is a device for preheating a pollution control element before starting the heat engine, economical in electrical energy consumption, compact and suitable. in generating a heating flow passing through said depollution element.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to an air preheating system arranged in an air circulation loop passing through a pollution control element of a heat engine, characterized in that the preheating system comprises air heating means and an air mixing means comprising cooling, in particular a cooling circuit.
  • the preheating system comprises an air heating means and a means for mixing said air passing through the preheating means to generate an air flow in the air circulation loop passing through the pollution control element.
  • the preheating means and the stirring means are coupled.
  • the preheating means and the air mixing means are coupled together to save energy. Indeed, they are willing to work together.
  • the preheating system comprises a cylindrical casing enveloping the heating means and the air mixing means.
  • the preheating means and the air mixing means are both housed in a substantially cylindrical casing to substantially save the space requirement of the system. It also becomes easier to arrange this system in the exhaust line.
  • the air heating means is annular in shape.
  • the heating means is annular in shape to surround the motor of the air mixing means.
  • the heating means is of the electric type, in particular an electric heating grid.
  • the heating means are of the electrical type for operation independent of the starting and of the operation of the heat engine. It can be an electric heating grid.
  • the heating means surrounds a tubular protective capsule.
  • the heating means surrounds a tubular capsule for protecting the air mixing means.
  • the tubular capsule has a deflecting upstream end.
  • the protective cap has an upstream end in the direction of gas and air flow, deflector with a substantially conical or hemispherical ogive shape.
  • the stirring means comprises an electric motor housed in the tubular capsule.
  • the stirring means comprises an electric actuating motor housed in the tubular capsule for protection against hot gases or air.
  • the electric motor has an actuating shaft carrying radially extending blades.
  • the stirring means comprises an actuating shaft carrying blades extending radially to circulate the air with a low flow rate.
  • the tubular capsule is surrounded by the cooling circuit.
  • the protective capsule is surrounded by a cooling circuit for thermal protection of the air mixing means, in particular of the electric motor of said means.
  • the cooling circuit comprises an inlet pipe and a coolant outlet pipe passing through the casing.
  • the cooling circuit comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe for cooling liquid passing through the crankcase and both connected to an engine cooling circuit.
  • the electric motor can rise in temperature by its operation and by the activation of the preheating. It is also possible to have an electric water pump which can be activated before the engine is started.
  • the cooling circuit includes a cylindrical-shaped exchange part.
  • the cooling circuit comprises an exchange part of cylindrical shape adapted to cover the protective cap.
  • the exchange portion of the cooling circuit extends at least over the entire length of the protective cap.
  • the cooling circuit is separated from the heating means by a thermal insulation layer.
  • the cooling circuit surrounding the capsule is separated from the heating means by a thermal insulation layer to limit the thermal exchanges between the cooling circuit, the protective capsule as well as from the electric motor of the stirring means. air with the heating means, in particular during activation of the preheating system before starting the heat engine, resulting in an absence of circulation of cooling fluid through the cooling circuit.
  • the heating loop of the pollution control element comprises a tubular duct connected to the exhaust line upstream and downstream of the pollution control element and preferably between said pollution control element and an obstacle to the pollution. circulation of gases such as a catalytic converter or a valve or a turbine outlet.
  • the invention also relates to a low pressure flue gas recirculation circuit comprising a heating loop for a pollution control element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat engine exhaust line with a preheating system for a pollution control element
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a preheating system for a thermal engine pollution control element.
  • FIG. 3 is an operating flowchart of a flue gas recirculation process with a preheating system of a pollution control element according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine comprising a thermal engine comprising an exhaust line with exhaust gas pollution control elements, arranged along the exhaust line of the engine.
  • the heat engine (not shown) comprises an intake air compression stage 22 which can be associated with a turbine stage 23 capable of at least partially recovering the dynamic energy of the burnt gases leaving a combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the two stages form a turbocharger 21 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the heat engine comprises an exhaust line 20 which passes through one or more pollution control elements such as a catalyst 26 called selective catalytic reduction, also known by the acronym SCR for “Selective Catalytic Reduction” in terminology.
  • a catalyst 26 called selective catalytic reduction, also known by the acronym SCR for “Selective Catalytic Reduction” in terminology.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • DOC oxidation catalyst
  • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst in English terminology, to remove the carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons.
  • the burnt gases in the embodiment shown are low pressure burnt gases, that is to say that said burnt gases are taken from the exhaust line 20 downstream of a pollution control element 26.
  • the burnt gases are then returned to the engine intake to be mixed with fresh air captured from the front of the vehicle.
  • the burnt gases are returned upstream 27 of the compression stage 22.
  • the depollution elements 26 need to be brought to a minimum temperature threshold in order to be fully effective and to fulfill its function of depolluting the burnt gases. It is known practice to inject fuel to increase the temperature of the gases entering the pollution control element, the heat engine being started.
  • the electric motor (not shown) is requested to travel a few kilometers or even a few tens of kilometers depending on the power of the electric battery associated with the electric motor.
  • the invention is not restricted to motor vehicles equipped with hybrid motorization.
  • the heat engine comprises a preheating system 10 of the pollution control element 26, which is able to operate with the heat engine stopped or without combustion.
  • the engine exhaust line 20 has a 20x exhaust duct and a 20r flue gas recirculation circuit.
  • the low pressure EGR flue gas recirculation circuit 20r comprises a gas passage pipe 20p which opens into the exhaust pipe 20x of the exhaust line 20 downstream of the pollution control element.
  • the passage duct 20p then passes through a heat exchanger 25 of the air / water type in which the air or the flue gases exchange a quantity of heat with the cooling water.
  • the hot air can also give up heat to the water in the exchanger of the engine cooling circuit and allow the temperature of said liquid to rise, also causing the temperature to rise. temperature of engine components, favoring engine starting conditions.
  • the passage pipe 20p is controlled for its opening / closing by a valve known as the EGR valve 24 and it is extended by a supply pipe 20a of the recirculated gases to the inlet of the engine 27, here up to the stage. compression 22 of the gases.
  • the recirculated gases are then mixed with fresh air collected from a front face of the motor vehicle and the mixture is then compressed to improve engine efficiency.
  • the passage duct 20p is extended upstream of the EGR valve 24 and downstream of the heat exchanger 25 by a so-called air preheating branch 20c.
  • the passage through said preheating branch is controlled by a control valve 30.
  • the passage duct 20p opens at its upstream end into the exhaust duct 20x of the exhaust line 20 of the engine upstream for example from a catalytic converter 40.
  • Said catalytic converter 40 forms an obstacle which may be generate high pressure drops for air circulation.
  • the heated air then preferably circulates in the 20p recirculation passage duct.
  • the passage duct 20p comprises an impurity filter 13 arranged near its outlet in the exhaust duct 20x.
  • the preheating branch 20c opens at its downstream end into the exhaust duct 20x downstream of the turbine stage 23 of the turbocharger 21, which forms an obstacle which can generate high pressure drops and to the circulation of the gas. air which is then directed to the depollution element 26.
  • the heating loop of the pollution control element comprises the tubular duct 20p connected to the exhaust line 20 upstream and downstream of the pollution control element 26 and preferably between said pollution control element and an obstacle to traffic. gases such as a catalytic converter or a valve or a turbine outlet.
  • the invention allows the circulation of air contained in the volume of the closed loop 50.
  • a first temperature probe 27 " is disposed at the inlet 26a in the pollution control element and a second temperature probe 27" is disposed downstream or at the outlet 26b of said element.
  • the two probes are able to measure the temperature of the air or gases at the inlet and at the outlet of the pollution control element in order to estimate a temperature of said element 26.
  • the invention is not reduced to an estimate of the temperature of the pollution control element as described above with two temperature probes 27 ", 27". It is also possible, for example, to insert a dedicated temperature sensor inside the pollution control element 26.
  • the air preheating system 10 is arranged in the preheating branch 20c downstream of the control valve 30.
  • the air preheating system 10 comprises a substantially cylindrical casing 11 with an inlet 11a and an opposite air outlet 11b, which surrounds an air heating means 15 and an air mixing means. 12 low flow which can be a fan.
  • the low flow rate of around 6 liters / second facilitates the rise in temperature of the circulated air and homogenizes the temperature of the heated air.
  • the heating means 15 is independent of the operation of the heat engine. Said heating means 15 is preferably of the electric type, for example an electric heating grid.
  • the heating means is annular in shape and surrounds a protective cap 16 tubular and extending along the longitudinal axis X of the housing 11.
  • the protective cap 16 comprises an upstream end facing the air inlet 11a in the casing, in the form of a deflector, for example a hemispherical or substantially conical ogive to direct the air towards the grille. heating 15 by generating a minimum of pressure drops.
  • the motor comprises an actuation shaft 17a which holds radially extending blades or propellers 17h.
  • the peripheral ends of the propellers 17h are close to the inner wall of the casing 11 to within the operating clearance.
  • the preheating system comprises a cooling circuit 18 surrounding the protective capsule and capable of thermally protecting the electric motor 17.
  • the cooling circuit 18 includes a cylindrical 18th exchange portion which covers the protective cap 16 and an inlet channel 18a and an outlet channel 18s for coolant both preferably connected with an engine cooling circuit.
  • the cooling circuit 18 is separated from the heating grid 15 by a thermal insulation layer 19. Said layer 19 entirely covers the cylindrical exchange part. 18th of the cooling circuit 18.
  • the operation of the preheating system 10 involves the start of the heating means 15 with the start of the stirring means 12 in a substantially synchronous manner.
  • the heating means and the air mixing means 12 are therefore coupled.
  • the coupling makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for the preheating of the depollution element 26.
  • the operation of the heating device 10 is described below by way of example with integration into the EGR flue gas recirculation circuit.
  • a method 100 comprises the following successive steps:
  • a first verification step 110 of the conditions of necessity for heating include:
  • a temperature estimate 113 of the depollution element below a minimum temperature threshold which may be of the order of 400 t C.
  • the three conditions must be met to validate the start of the heating of the pollution control element.
  • a second heating stage 120 which comprises the following actions: * closing / sealing 121 of the EGR valve 24,
  • the heating step 120 ends for example at: reaching 131 of the minimum temperature threshold by the pollution control element, or by * starting 132 of the heat engine.
  • Either condition can terminate heating step 120.
  • step 140 for stopping the air preheat which comprises the following: * 141 stopping the heating of the preheating system 10,
  • the preheating system of the pollution control element allows a fairly rapid rise in temperature of the pollution control element with limited electrical energy consumption and allows the thermal engine to start under better temperature conditions.
  • the preheating system for the pollution control element can be placed on a vehicle with a hybrid or thermal engine alone.
  • starting said thermal engine includes a preliminary heating phase to bring the pollution control element to the optimum operating temperature.
  • the ignition of the heat engine will then be possible.
  • the heating time will depend on the available electrical power. Under extreme temperature conditions, the heating time can be on the order of a few tens of seconds below -200 room temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air preheating system (10) which is arranged in an air circulation loop passing through a pollution control element of a combustion engine, characterized in that the preheating system (10) comprises an air heating means (15) and an air stirring means (12) which has a cooling circuit (18).

Description

TITRE : ligne d’échappement de moteur thermique avec système de préchauffage d’un élément de dépollution TITLE: heat engine exhaust line with preheating system of a pollution control element
Domaine technique de l’invention Technical field of the invention
La présente invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne équipé d’un système de dépollution des gaz d’échappement. The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas depollution system.
La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de préchauffage pour un système de dépollution du moteur à combustion interne qui peut être associé à un moteur électrique. The present invention relates more particularly to a preheating device for an internal combustion engine pollution control system which can be associated with an electric motor.
Etat de la technique State of the art
Afin de réduire les émissions de polluants dans l’atmosphère, un véhicule automobile peut comporter une motorisation hybride. Ledit véhicule comporte ainsi un moteur à combustion interne ou thermique associé avec un moteur électrique avec une batterie. In order to reduce the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, a motor vehicle may include a hybrid engine. Said vehicle thus comprises an internal combustion or thermal engine associated with an electric motor with a battery.
De manière connue, le moteur électrique est généralement employé dans une phase de roulage qui suit le démarrage du véhicule. Le moteur thermique est sollicité ensuite en fonction de la charge de la batterie du moteur électrique. In known manner, the electric motor is generally used in a driving phase which follows the starting of the vehicle. The heat engine is then requested according to the charge of the battery of the electric motor.
Le moteur thermique est de plus équipé d’un système de dépollution. Pour tous les types de véhicule automobile avec un moteur à combustion interne, le système de dépollution varie selon la motorisation mais, dans tous les cas, le système de dépollution comprend au moins un élément de dépollution. The heat engine is also equipped with a pollution control system. For all types of motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine, the pollution control system varies depending on the engine but, in all cases, the pollution control system comprises at least one pollution control element.
Pour les véhicules à essence ou à allumage commandé, une dépollution est fréquemment réalisée par un catalyseur, dit trois voies. Il peut être aussi muni d'un filtre à particules spécifiquement adapté au carburant essence, ce catalyseur étant connu sous l'acronyme anglo- saxon de GPF (pour Gas Particle Filter en anglais et) filtre à particules essence en français.For gasoline or spark ignition vehicles, pollution control is frequently carried out by a so-called three-way catalyst. It can also be fitted with a particulate filter specifically adapted to gasoline fuel, this catalyst being known by the acronym of GPF (for Gas Particle Filter in English and) gasoline particle filter in French.
Ces catalyseurs nécessitent d'être au moins à une certaine température seuil dite température minimale de fonctionnement du catalyseur pour être efficaces. En effet, une grande partie des émissions d'un polluant spécifique hors d'un véhicule automobile peut être générée avant que le catalyseur dédié à la dépollution du polluant spécifique atteigne la température minimale de fonctionnement. These catalysts need to be at least at a certain threshold temperature called the minimum operating temperature of the catalyst in order to be effective. In fact, a large part of the emissions of a specific pollutant outside a motor vehicle can be generated before the catalyst dedicated to the depollution of the specific pollutant reaches the minimum operating temperature.
Ledit seuil de température varie de fait selon le type de catalyseur. Said temperature threshold actually varies depending on the type of catalyst.
La montée en température du système de dépollution peut être entraînée par les gaz d'échappement ou par un équipement extérieur, par exemple un chauffage électrique d'appoint. Ainsi, il est connu d’équiper les lignes d'échappement avec des catalyseurs chauffés électriquement. The rise in temperature of the pollution control system can be driven by the exhaust gases or by external equipment, for example an auxiliary electric heater. Thus, it is known to equip exhaust lines with electrically heated catalysts.
On connaît aussi une stratégie de chauffe d'un élément de dépollution comprenant un catalyseur basé sur une durée fixe de préchauffage. A la fin de cette durée de chauffage, le catalyseur a atteint sa température minimale de fonctionnement, selon des tests de validation par exemple. A strategy for heating a pollution control element comprising a catalyst based on a fixed preheating time is also known. At the end of this heating period, the catalyst has reached its minimum operating temperature, according to validation tests for example.
Un inconvénient est la consommation électrique des systèmes électriques de chauffe des catalyseurs, ce qui peut influer sur la charge de la batterie et réduire sensiblement l’autonomie en conduite électrique. One drawback is the power consumption of electrical catalytic converter heating systems, which can affect battery charge and significantly reduce electric driving range.
La publication FR2981983-A1 propose une recirculation des gaz brûlés piqués en aval de l’élément de dépollution pour être ramenés en amont dudit élément de dépollution pour améliorer la montée en température des gaz en amont de l’élément de dépollution. The publication FR2981983-A1 proposes a recirculation of the burnt gases punctured downstream of the pollution control element to be brought back upstream of said pollution control element to improve the rise in temperature of the gases upstream of the pollution control element.
Cette proposition permet d’accélérer la montée en température des gaz brûlés en amont de l’élément de dépollution mais présente une efficacité réduite lors des phases de démarrage du moteur car la température des gaz n’est pas suffisamment forte, la pollution reste sensiblement importante lors des phases de démarrage du moteur. This proposal makes it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature of the burnt gases upstream of the pollution control element but has reduced efficiency during the engine start-up phases because the temperature of the gases is not sufficiently high, the pollution remains appreciably high. during engine starting phases.
De plus, les flux de gaz pour le chauffage de l’élément de dépollution sont issus des gaz brûlés piqués à l’échappement peuvent être insuffisants de par les vitesses des gaz qui sont réduites par leur passage au travers de divers éléments disposés dans le circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés, parmi lesquels par exemple un échangeur de chaleur. In addition, the gas flows for heating the pollution control element come from the burnt gases punctured at the exhaust may be insufficient due to the speeds of the gases which are reduced by their passage through various elements arranged in the circuit. for recirculating the burnt gases, including for example a heat exchanger.
Le but de l’invention est de remédier à ces problèmes et un des objets de l’invention est un dispositif de préchauffage d’un élément de dépollution avant le démarrage du moteur thermique, économe en consommation d’énergie électrique, peu encombrant et apte à générer un flux de chauffage passant par ledit élément de dépollution. The aim of the invention is to remedy these problems and one of the objects of the invention is a device for preheating a pollution control element before starting the heat engine, economical in electrical energy consumption, compact and suitable. in generating a heating flow passing through said depollution element.
Présentation de l’invention Presentation of the invention
La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un système de préchauffage d’air disposé dans une boucle de circulation d’air traversant un élément de dépollution d’un moteur thermique, caractérisé en ce que le système de préchauffage comprend un moyen de chauffage d’air et un moyen de brassage d’air comportant un refroidissement, notamment un circuit de refroidissement. The present invention relates more particularly to an air preheating system arranged in an air circulation loop passing through a pollution control element of a heat engine, characterized in that the preheating system comprises air heating means and an air mixing means comprising cooling, in particular a cooling circuit.
De manière avantageuse, le système de préchauffage comprend un moyen de chauffage d’air et un moyen de brassage dudit air traversant le moyen de préchauffage pour générer un flux d’air dans la boucle de circulation d’air traversant l’élément de dépollution. Advantageously, the preheating system comprises an air heating means and a means for mixing said air passing through the preheating means to generate an air flow in the air circulation loop passing through the pollution control element.
Selon d’autres caractéristiques de l’invention : According to other characteristics of the invention:
-le moyen de préchauffage et le moyen de brassage sont couplés. the preheating means and the stirring means are coupled.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de préchauffage et le moyen de brassage d’air sont couplés ensemble pour économiser l’énergie. En effet, ils sont disposés pour fonctionner ensemble. -le système de préchauffage comprend un carter cylindrique enveloppant le moyen de chauffage et le moyen de brassage d’air. Advantageously, the preheating means and the air mixing means are coupled together to save energy. Indeed, they are willing to work together. the preheating system comprises a cylindrical casing enveloping the heating means and the air mixing means.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de préchauffage et le moyen de brassage d’air sont logés tous les deux dans un carter sensiblement cylindrique pour ménager sensiblement l’encombrement du système. Il devient également plus facile de disposer ce système dans la ligne d’échappement. Advantageously, the preheating means and the air mixing means are both housed in a substantially cylindrical casing to substantially save the space requirement of the system. It also becomes easier to arrange this system in the exhaust line.
-le moyen de chauffage d’air est de forme annulaire. -the air heating means is annular in shape.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de chauffage est de forme annulaire pour entourer le moteur du moyen de brassage d’air. Advantageously, the heating means is annular in shape to surround the motor of the air mixing means.
-Le moyen de chauffage est de type électrique notamment une grille de chauffage électrique.-The heating means is of the electric type, in particular an electric heating grid.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de chauffage est de type électrique pour un fonctionnement indépendant du démarrage et du fonctionnement du moteur thermique. Il peut être une grille de chauffage électrique. Advantageously, the heating means are of the electrical type for operation independent of the starting and of the operation of the heat engine. It can be an electric heating grid.
-le moyen de chauffage entoure une capsule tubulaire de protection. the heating means surrounds a tubular protective capsule.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de chauffage entoure une capsule tubulaire de protection du moyen de brassage d’air. Advantageously, the heating means surrounds a tubular capsule for protecting the air mixing means.
-la capsule tubulaire comporte une extrémité amont déflectrice. the tubular capsule has a deflecting upstream end.
De manière avantageuse, la capsule de protection comporte une extrémité amont selon le sens de circulation des gaz et de l’air, déflectrice avec une forme d’ogive sensiblement conique ou hémisphérique. Advantageously, the protective cap has an upstream end in the direction of gas and air flow, deflector with a substantially conical or hemispherical ogive shape.
-Le moyen de brassage comprend un moteur électrique logé dans la capsule tubulaire. -The stirring means comprises an electric motor housed in the tubular capsule.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de brassage comporte un moteur électrique d’actionnement logé dans la capsule tubulaire de protection contre les gaz ou l’air chauds. Advantageously, the stirring means comprises an electric actuating motor housed in the tubular capsule for protection against hot gases or air.
-Le moteur électrique comporte un axe d’actionnement portant des pales s’étendant radialement. -The electric motor has an actuating shaft carrying radially extending blades.
De manière avantageuse, le moyen de brassage comporte un axe d’actionnement portant des pales s’étendant radialement pour faire circuler l’air avec un faible débit. Advantageously, the stirring means comprises an actuating shaft carrying blades extending radially to circulate the air with a low flow rate.
-la capsule tubulaire est entourée par le circuit de refroidissement. -the tubular capsule is surrounded by the cooling circuit.
De manière avantageuse, la capsule de protection est entourée par un circuit de refroidissement pour une protection thermique du moyen de brassage d’air, notamment du moteur électrique dudit moyen. Advantageously, the protective capsule is surrounded by a cooling circuit for thermal protection of the air mixing means, in particular of the electric motor of said means.
-le circuit de refroidissement comporte une conduite d’arrivée et une conduite de sortie de liquide de refroidissement traversant le carter. De manière avantageuse, le circuit de refroidissement comporte une conduite d’arrivée et une conduite de sortie de liquide de refroidissement traversant le carter et toutes deux connectées à un circuit de refroidissement du moteur. Toutefois, le circuit de refroidissement étant en arrêt avant le démarrage du moteur, le moteur électrique peut monter en température de par son fonctionnement et par l’activation du préchauffage. On peut également disposer de pompe à eau électrique que l’on peut activer avant le démarrage du moteur. the cooling circuit comprises an inlet pipe and a coolant outlet pipe passing through the casing. Advantageously, the cooling circuit comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe for cooling liquid passing through the crankcase and both connected to an engine cooling circuit. However, the cooling circuit being stopped before starting the engine, the electric motor can rise in temperature by its operation and by the activation of the preheating. It is also possible to have an electric water pump which can be activated before the engine is started.
- le circuit de refroidissement comprend une partie d’échange de forme cylindrique. - the cooling circuit includes a cylindrical-shaped exchange part.
De manière avantageuse, le circuit de refroidissement comporte une partie d’échange de forme cylindrique adaptée pour recouvrir la capsule de protection. La partie d’échange du circuit de refroidissement s’étend au moins sur toute la longueur de la capsule de protection. Advantageously, the cooling circuit comprises an exchange part of cylindrical shape adapted to cover the protective cap. The exchange portion of the cooling circuit extends at least over the entire length of the protective cap.
-le circuit de refroidissement est séparé du moyen de chauffage par une couche d’isolation thermique. -the cooling circuit is separated from the heating means by a thermal insulation layer.
De manière avantageuse, le circuit de refroidissement entourant la capsule est séparée du moyen de chauffage par une couche d’isolation thermique pour limiter les échanges thermiques entre le circuit de refroidissement, la capsule de protection ainsi que du moteur électrique du moyen de brassage d’air avec le moyen de chauffage, notamment lors de l’activation du système de préchauffage avant le démarrage du moteur thermique entraînant une absence de circulation de fluide de refroidissement au travers du circuit de refroidissement. Advantageously, the cooling circuit surrounding the capsule is separated from the heating means by a thermal insulation layer to limit the thermal exchanges between the cooling circuit, the protective capsule as well as from the electric motor of the stirring means. air with the heating means, in particular during activation of the preheating system before starting the heat engine, resulting in an absence of circulation of cooling fluid through the cooling circuit.
De manière avantageuse, la boucle de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution comprend un conduit tubulaire connecté à la ligne d’échappement en amont et en aval de l’élément de dépollution et de manière préférentielle entre ledit élément de dépollution et un obstacle à la circulation des gaz tel qu’un pot catalytique ou une vanne ou une sortie de turbine. Advantageously, the heating loop of the pollution control element comprises a tubular duct connected to the exhaust line upstream and downstream of the pollution control element and preferably between said pollution control element and an obstacle to the pollution. circulation of gases such as a catalytic converter or a valve or a turbine outlet.
L’invention concerne également un circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés basse pression comprenant une boucle de chauffage d’un élément de dépollution. The invention also relates to a low pressure flue gas recirculation circuit comprising a heating loop for a pollution control element.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés sur les dessins annexés, dans lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting examples and shown in the appended drawings, in which:
[Fig. 1] est une vue schématique d’une ligne d’échappement de moteur thermique avec système de préchauffage d’un élément de dépollution [Fig. 1] is a schematic view of a heat engine exhaust line with a preheating system for a pollution control element
[Fig. 2] est une vue de coupe longitudinale d’un système de préchauffage d’un élément de dépollution de moteur thermique. [Fig. 2] is a longitudinal sectional view of a preheating system for a thermal engine pollution control element.
[Fig. 3] est un logigramme de fonctionnement d’un procédé de recirculation des gaz brûlés avec un système de préchauffage d’un élément de dépollution selon l’invention. [Fig. 3] is an operating flowchart of a flue gas recirculation process with a preheating system of a pollution control element according to the invention.
Dans la description qui va suivre, des chiffres de référence identiques désignent des pièces identiques ou ayant des fonctions similaires. Dans la description et les revendications, on utilisera à titre non limitatif les expressions «amont» et «aval» qui sont déterminées par le sens d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement dans la ligne d'échappement du dispositif de dépollution et du circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés recirculés ou EGR acronyme pour « Exhaust Gaz Recirculation » en anglais, en référence aux flèches de la figure 1. In the description which follows, identical reference numerals denote identical parts or having similar functions. In the description and the claims, the expressions “upstream” and “downstream” will be used without limitation, which are determined by the direction of flow of the exhaust gases in the exhaust line of the pollution control device and of the control circuit. recirculation of recirculated flue gases or EGR acronym for “Exhaust Gas Recirculation” in English, with reference to the arrows in figure 1.
L’invention concerne un véhicule automobile avec une motorisation thermique comprenant un moteur thermique comportant une ligne d’échappement avec des éléments de dépollution des gaz d’échappement, disposés le long de la ligne d’échappement du moteur. The invention relates to a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine comprising a thermal engine comprising an exhaust line with exhaust gas pollution control elements, arranged along the exhaust line of the engine.
Afin d’améliorer les performances du moteur thermique ou à combustion interne, le moteur thermique (non représenté) comprend un étage de compression 22 d’air d’admission qui peut être associé avec un étage de turbine 23 apte à récupérer au moins en partie l’énergie dynamique des gaz brûlés en sortie d’une chambre à combustion du moteur. Les deux étages forment un turbocompresseur 21 comme représenté en figure 1. In order to improve the performance of the heat engine or internal combustion engine, the heat engine (not shown) comprises an intake air compression stage 22 which can be associated with a turbine stage 23 capable of at least partially recovering the dynamic energy of the burnt gases leaving a combustion chamber of the engine. The two stages form a turbocharger 21 as shown in Figure 1.
Afin de réduire les polluants, le moteur thermique comporte une ligne d’échappement 20 qui traverse un ou plusieurs éléments de dépollution tel qu’un catalyseur 26 dit de réduction catalytique sélective, aussi connu sous le sigle SCR pour "Sélective Catalytic Réduction" en terminologie anglaise, qui est conçu pour éliminer les oxydes d'azotes, ou un filtre à particules pour éliminer les particules de suie, ou un catalyseur d'oxydation aussi connu sous le sigle DOC pour "Diesel Oxydation Catalyst" en terminologie anglaise, pour éliminer le monoxyde de carbone (CO) et les hydrocarbures imbrûlés. In order to reduce pollutants, the heat engine comprises an exhaust line 20 which passes through one or more pollution control elements such as a catalyst 26 called selective catalytic reduction, also known by the acronym SCR for “Selective Catalytic Reduction” in terminology. English, which is designed to remove nitrogen oxides, or a particulate filter to remove soot particles, or an oxidation catalyst also known by the acronym DOC for "Diesel Oxidation Catalyst" in English terminology, to remove the carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons.
Il est connu aussi de ramener une partie des gaz brûlés de la ligne d’échappement vers l’admission du moteur via un circuit de recirculation 20r des gaz brûlés. It is also known to return part of the burnt gases from the exhaust line to the engine intake via a 20r burnt gas recirculation circuit.
Selon l’invention, les gaz brûlés dans le mode de réalisation représenté sont des gaz brûlés basse pression c’est-à-dire que lesdits gaz brûlés sont prélevés dans la ligne d’échappement 20 en aval d’un élément de dépollution 26. Les gaz brûlés sont ensuite renvoyés vers l’admission du moteur pour être mélangés avec de l’air frais capté depuis la face avant du véhicule. According to the invention, the burnt gases in the embodiment shown are low pressure burnt gases, that is to say that said burnt gases are taken from the exhaust line 20 downstream of a pollution control element 26. The burnt gases are then returned to the engine intake to be mixed with fresh air captured from the front of the vehicle.
Ici, les gaz brûlés sont renvoyés en amont 27 de l’étage de compression 22. Here, the burnt gases are returned upstream 27 of the compression stage 22.
De manière connue, les éléments de dépollution 26 nécessitent d’être portés à un seuil de température minimale pour être pleinement efficace et remplir sa fonction de dépollution des gaz brûlés. Il est connu d’injecter du carburant pour augmenter la température des gaz à l’entrée dans l’élément de dépollution, le moteur thermique étant démarré. In a known manner, the depollution elements 26 need to be brought to a minimum temperature threshold in order to be fully effective and to fulfill its function of depolluting the burnt gases. It is known practice to inject fuel to increase the temperature of the gases entering the pollution control element, the heat engine being started.
Au démarrage du véhicule, de façon connue, par exemple pour un véhicule automobile à motorisation hybride, le moteur électrique (non représenté) est sollicité pour parcourir quelques kilomètres voire quelques dizaines de kilomètres selon la puissance de la batterie électrique associée au moteur électrique. When the vehicle is started, in a known manner, for example for a hybrid motor vehicle, the electric motor (not shown) is requested to travel a few kilometers or even a few tens of kilometers depending on the power of the electric battery associated with the electric motor.
On peut profiter lors du parcours du véhicule, de la sollicitation du moteur électrique pour préparer le moteur thermique à prendre éventuellement la relève et notamment de préparer l’élément de dépollution 26 dans les conditions optimales de température de fonctionnement. Toutefois, l’invention n’est pas restreinte aux véhicules automobiles équipés de motorisation hybride. During the journey of the vehicle, it is possible to take advantage of the solicitation of the electric motor to prepare the heat engine to possibly take over and in particular to prepare the pollution control element 26 under optimum operating temperature conditions. However, the invention is not restricted to motor vehicles equipped with hybrid motorization.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le moteur thermique comporte un système de préchauffage 10 de l’élément de dépollution 26, qui est apte à fonctionner avec le moteur thermique à l’arrêt ou sans combustion. According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat engine comprises a preheating system 10 of the pollution control element 26, which is able to operate with the heat engine stopped or without combustion.
La ligne d’échappement 20 du moteur comporte un conduit d’échappement 20x et un circuit de recirculation 20r des gaz brûlés. The engine exhaust line 20 has a 20x exhaust duct and a 20r flue gas recirculation circuit.
Le circuit de recirculation 20r des gaz brûlés EGR basse pression comprend un conduit de passage 20p des gaz qui débouche dans le conduit d’échappement 20x de la ligne d’échappement 20 en aval de l’élément de dépollution. Le conduit de passage 20p traverse ensuite un échangeur de chaleur 25 de type air/eau dans lequel l’air ou les gaz brûlés échangent une quantité de chaleur avec de l’eau de refroidissement. The low pressure EGR flue gas recirculation circuit 20r comprises a gas passage pipe 20p which opens into the exhaust pipe 20x of the exhaust line 20 downstream of the pollution control element. The passage duct 20p then passes through a heat exchanger 25 of the air / water type in which the air or the flue gases exchange a quantity of heat with the cooling water.
Ainsi en phase de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution 26, l’air chaud peut également céder de la chaleur à l’eau dans l’échangeur du circuit de refroidissement du moteur et permettre la montée en température dudit liquide entraînant également la montée en température des éléments du moteur, favorisant les conditions de démarrage du moteur. Thus, during the heating phase of the depollution element 26, the hot air can also give up heat to the water in the exchanger of the engine cooling circuit and allow the temperature of said liquid to rise, also causing the temperature to rise. temperature of engine components, favoring engine starting conditions.
Le conduit de passage 20p est contrôlé pour son ouverture/obturation par une vanne dite vanne EGR 24 et il est prolongé par un conduit d’amenée 20a des gaz recirculés jusqu’à l’admission du moteur 27, ici jusqu’à l’étage de compression 22 des gaz. Les gaz recirculés sont alors mélangés avec de l’air frais capté depuis une face avant du véhicule automobile et le mélange est ensuite compressé afin d’améliorer l’efficacité du moteur. The passage pipe 20p is controlled for its opening / closing by a valve known as the EGR valve 24 and it is extended by a supply pipe 20a of the recirculated gases to the inlet of the engine 27, here up to the stage. compression 22 of the gases. The recirculated gases are then mixed with fresh air collected from a front face of the motor vehicle and the mixture is then compressed to improve engine efficiency.
Le conduit de passage 20p est prolongé en amont de la vanne EGR 24 et en aval de l’échangeur de chaleur 25 par une branche dite de préchauffage d’air 20c. Le passage dans ladite branche de préchauffage est contrôle par une vanne de contrôle 30. The passage duct 20p is extended upstream of the EGR valve 24 and downstream of the heat exchanger 25 by a so-called air preheating branch 20c. The passage through said preheating branch is controlled by a control valve 30.
Selon la figure 1 , le conduit de passage 20p débouche à son extrémité amont dans le conduit d’échappement 20x de la ligne d’échappement 20 du moteur en amont par exemple d’un pot catalytique 40. Ledit pot catalytique 40 forme un obstacle pouvant générer de fortes pertes de charge, à la circulation d’air. L’air chauffé circule de préférence alors dans le conduit de passage 20p de recirculation. According to FIG. 1, the passage duct 20p opens at its upstream end into the exhaust duct 20x of the exhaust line 20 of the engine upstream for example from a catalytic converter 40. Said catalytic converter 40 forms an obstacle which may be generate high pressure drops for air circulation. The heated air then preferably circulates in the 20p recirculation passage duct.
De manière préférentielle, le conduit de passage 20p comprend un filtre à impuretés 13 agencé à proximité de son débouché dans le conduit d’échappement 20x. Preferably, the passage duct 20p comprises an impurity filter 13 arranged near its outlet in the exhaust duct 20x.
De même, la branche de préchauffage 20c débouche à son extrémité aval dans le conduit d’échappement 20x en aval de l’étage de turbine 23 du turbocompresseur 21 , qui forme un obstacle pouvant générer de fortes pertes de charge et à la circulation de l’air qui est alors dirigé vers l’élément de dépollution 26. Likewise, the preheating branch 20c opens at its downstream end into the exhaust duct 20x downstream of the turbine stage 23 of the turbocharger 21, which forms an obstacle which can generate high pressure drops and to the circulation of the gas. air which is then directed to the depollution element 26.
De ce fait, on obtient facilement une boucle fermée 50 de circulation d’air de longueur courte qui passe par l’élément de dépollution 26 et relie la sortie 26b à l’entrée 26a dudit élément de dépollution. La boucle fermée est représentée par des flèches indiquant le sens et la direction de circulation de l’air. La boucle de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution comprend le conduit tubulaire 20p connecté à la ligne d’échappement 20 en amont et en aval de l’élément de dépollution 26 et de manière préférentielle entre ledit élément de dépollution et un obstacle à la circulation des gaz tel qu’un pot catalytique ou une vanne ou une sortie de turbine. As a result, one easily obtains a closed loop 50 of air circulation of short length which passes through the pollution control element 26 and connects the outlet 26b to the inlet 26a of said control element. depollution. The closed loop is represented by arrows indicating the direction and direction of air flow. The heating loop of the pollution control element comprises the tubular duct 20p connected to the exhaust line 20 upstream and downstream of the pollution control element 26 and preferably between said pollution control element and an obstacle to traffic. gases such as a catalytic converter or a valve or a turbine outlet.
Avant le démarrage du moteur thermique, l’invention permet la circulation d’air contenu dans le volume de la boucle fermée 50. Before starting the heat engine, the invention allows the circulation of air contained in the volume of the closed loop 50.
De manière préférentielle, une première sonde 27’ de température est disposée au niveau de l’entrée 26a dans l’élément de dépollution et une seconde sonde 27” de température est disposée en aval ou à la sortie 26b dudit élément. Les deux sondes sont aptes à mesurer la température de l’air ou des gaz à l’entrée et à la sortie de l’élément de dépollution pour estimer une température dudit élément 26. Preferably, a first temperature probe 27 "is disposed at the inlet 26a in the pollution control element and a second temperature probe 27" is disposed downstream or at the outlet 26b of said element. The two probes are able to measure the temperature of the air or gases at the inlet and at the outlet of the pollution control element in order to estimate a temperature of said element 26.
Il est à noter que l’invention n’est pas réduite à une estimation de la température de l’élément de dépollution telle que décrite ci-dessus avec deux sondes de températures 27’, 27”. On peut aussi par exemple insérer une sonde de température dédiée à l’intérieur de l’élément de dépollution 26. It should be noted that the invention is not reduced to an estimate of the temperature of the pollution control element as described above with two temperature probes 27 ", 27". It is also possible, for example, to insert a dedicated temperature sensor inside the pollution control element 26.
Le système de préchauffage 10 d’air est agencé dans la branche de préchauffage 20c en aval de la vanne de contrôle 30. The air preheating system 10 is arranged in the preheating branch 20c downstream of the control valve 30.
Selon la figure 2, le système de préchauffage 10 d’air comprend un carter sensiblement cylindrique 11 avec une entrée 11a et une sortie 11b d’air opposée, qui enveloppe un moyen de chauffage d’air 15 et un moyen de brassage d’air 12 à faible débit qui peut être un ventilateur.According to FIG. 2, the air preheating system 10 comprises a substantially cylindrical casing 11 with an inlet 11a and an opposite air outlet 11b, which surrounds an air heating means 15 and an air mixing means. 12 low flow which can be a fan.
Le faible débit de l’ordre de 6 litres/seconde permet de faciliter la montée en température de l’air circulé et d’homogénéiser la température de l’air chauffé. The low flow rate of around 6 liters / second facilitates the rise in temperature of the circulated air and homogenizes the temperature of the heated air.
Le moyen de chauffage 15 est indépendant du fonctionnement du moteur thermique. Ledit moyen de chauffage 15 est de manière préférentielle de type électrique par exemple une grille de chauffage électrique. The heating means 15 is independent of the operation of the heat engine. Said heating means 15 is preferably of the electric type, for example an electric heating grid.
Selon la figure 2, le moyen de chauffage est de forme annulaire et entoure une capsule de protection 16 tubulaire et s’étendant selon l’axe longitudinal X du carter 11. According to Figure 2, the heating means is annular in shape and surrounds a protective cap 16 tubular and extending along the longitudinal axis X of the housing 11.
La capsule de protection 16 comprend une extrémité amont en vis-à-vis avec l’entrée d’air 11 a dans le carter, en forme de déflecteur par exemple d’ogive hémisphérique ou sensiblement conique pour diriger l’air vers la grille de chauffage 15 en générant un minimum de pertes de charge. The protective cap 16 comprises an upstream end facing the air inlet 11a in the casing, in the form of a deflector, for example a hemispherical or substantially conical ogive to direct the air towards the grille. heating 15 by generating a minimum of pressure drops.
Un moteur 17 de préférence électrique, qui s’étend selon l’axe longitudinal X, est inséré dans la capsule 16. Le moteur comprend un axe d’actionnement 17a qui tient des pales ou hélices 17h s’étendant radialement. De manière préférentielle, les extrémités périphériques des hélices 17h sont proches de la paroi intérieure du carter 11 au jeu de fonctionnement près. Le système de préchauffage comprend un circuit de refroidissement 18 entourant la capsule de protection et apte à protéger thermiquement le moteur électrique 17. Ainsi la chaleur des gaz n’impacte sur la température du moteur du moteur 17 et sur son fonctionnement. La chaleur peut être évacuée simplement par le liquide de refroidissement et la température du moteur est maintenue en dessous d’un seuil de température non susceptible de provoquer des défaillances dudit moteur. Le moteur est ainsi refroidi par le circuit de refroidissement 18, évitant des risques de surchauffes locales. A preferably electric motor 17, which extends along the longitudinal axis X, is inserted into the capsule 16. The motor comprises an actuation shaft 17a which holds radially extending blades or propellers 17h. Preferably, the peripheral ends of the propellers 17h are close to the inner wall of the casing 11 to within the operating clearance. The preheating system comprises a cooling circuit 18 surrounding the protective capsule and capable of thermally protecting the electric motor 17. Thus the heat of the gases does not have an impact on the temperature of the motor of the motor 17 and on its operation. The heat can be removed simply by the coolant and the engine temperature is kept below a temperature threshold not likely to cause failure of said engine. The engine is thus cooled by the cooling circuit 18, avoiding risks of local overheating.
Le circuit de refroidissement 18 comprend une partie d’échange 18e cylindrique qui recouvre la capsule de protection 16 et un canal d’arrivée 18a et un canal de sortie 18s de liquide de refroidissement tous deux connectés de préférence avec un circuit de refroidissement du moteur. The cooling circuit 18 includes a cylindrical 18th exchange portion which covers the protective cap 16 and an inlet channel 18a and an outlet channel 18s for coolant both preferably connected with an engine cooling circuit.
Pour pallier des problèmes de chauffage du moteur 17 par la grille de chauffage annulaire 15, le circuit de refroidissement 18 est séparé de la grille de chauffage 15 par une couche d’isolation thermique 19. Ladite couche 19 recouvre entièrement la partie d’échange cylindrique 18e du circuit de refroidissement 18. To overcome the problems of heating the engine 17 by the annular heating grid 15, the cooling circuit 18 is separated from the heating grid 15 by a thermal insulation layer 19. Said layer 19 entirely covers the cylindrical exchange part. 18th of the cooling circuit 18.
Le fonctionnement du système de préchauffage 10 implique le démarrage du moyen de chauffage 15 avec le démarrage du moyen de brassage 12 de façon sensiblement synchrone. Le moyen de chauffage et le moyen de brassage d’air 12 sont donc couplés. Le couplage permet de réduire la consommation d’énergie pour le préchauffage de l’élément de dépollution 26. The operation of the preheating system 10 involves the start of the heating means 15 with the start of the stirring means 12 in a substantially synchronous manner. The heating means and the air mixing means 12 are therefore coupled. The coupling makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for the preheating of the depollution element 26.
Le fonctionnement du dispositif de chauffage 10 est décrit ci-après à titre d’exemple avec une intégration dans le circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés EGR. The operation of the heating device 10 is described below by way of example with integration into the EGR flue gas recirculation circuit.
Ledit fonctionnement suit un procédé 100 comprend les étapes successives suivantes : Said operation follows a method 100 comprises the following successive steps:
-une première étape de vérification 110 des conditions de nécessité de chauffage. Lesdites conditions comprennent : a first verification step 110 of the conditions of necessity for heating. These conditions include:
*une validation de l’arrêt du moteur thermique 111 , * validation of the stopping of the heat engine 111,
*une validation du démarrage et/ou fonctionnement du moteur électrique 112, * validation of the start-up and / or operation of the electric motor 112,
*une estimation de température 113 de l’élément de dépollution inférieure à un seuil minimal de température qui peut être de l’ordre de 400tC. * a temperature estimate 113 of the depollution element below a minimum temperature threshold which may be of the order of 400 t C.
Les trois conditions doivent être remplies pour valider le démarrage du chauffage de l’élément de dépollution. The three conditions must be met to validate the start of the heating of the pollution control element.
-une deuxième étape de chauffage 120 qui comprend les actions suivantes : *fermeture/obturation 121 de la vanne EGR 24, a second heating stage 120 which comprises the following actions: * closing / sealing 121 of the EGR valve 24,
"Ouverture 122 de la vanne de contrôle 30 de passage d’air, "Opening 122 of the air passage control valve 30,
""démarrage 123 du système de préchauffage d’air 10, -une étape de validation de la fin du chauffage 130 L’étape de chauffage 120 prend fin par exemple à : atteinte 131 du seuil minimal de température par l’élément de dépollution, ou par *le démarrage 132 du moteur thermique. "" start 123 of the air preheating system 10, a step for validating the end of heating 130 The heating step 120 ends for example at: reaching 131 of the minimum temperature threshold by the pollution control element, or by * starting 132 of the heat engine.
L’une ou l’autre des conditions peut mettre fin à l’étape de chauffage 120. Either condition can terminate heating step 120.
-une troisième étape 140 d’arrêt du préchauffage d’air qui comprend les actions suivantes : *arrêt du chauffage 141 du système de préchauffage 10, -a third step 140 for stopping the air preheat which comprises the following: * 141 stopping the heating of the preheating system 10,
*fermeture ou obturation 142 de la branche de préchauffage 20c par la vanne de contrôle 30, *autorisation 143 de l’ouverture de la vanne EGR. * closing or blocking 142 of the preheating branch 20c by the control valve 30, * authorization 143 of the opening of the EGR valve.
L’objectif est atteint : The goal is reached :
Le système de préchauffage de l’élément de dépollution permet une montée en température assez rapide de l’élément de dépollution avec une consommation d’énergie électrique contenue et permet un démarrage du moteur thermique dans de meilleures conditions de température.The preheating system of the pollution control element allows a fairly rapid rise in temperature of the pollution control element with limited electrical energy consumption and allows the thermal engine to start under better temperature conditions.
Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution de cette prise, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the only embodiments of this plug, described above by way of examples, it embraces on the contrary all the variants thereof.
Le système de préchauffage de l’élément de dépollution peut être disposé sur un véhicule à motorisation hybride ou thermique seul. Dans ce cadre d’une motorisation thermique seule, le démarrage dudit moteur thermique comporte une phase de chauffage préalable pour amener l’élément de dépollution à la température optimale de fonctionnement. L’allumage du moteur thermique sera ensuite possible. Le temps de chauffe dépendra de la puissance électrique disponible. Dans des conditions extrêmes de température, le temps de chauffage peut être de l’ordre de quelques dizaines de secondes sous -200 de température ambiante. The preheating system for the pollution control element can be placed on a vehicle with a hybrid or thermal engine alone. In this context of a thermal engine alone, starting said thermal engine includes a preliminary heating phase to bring the pollution control element to the optimum operating temperature. The ignition of the heat engine will then be possible. The heating time will depend on the available electrical power. Under extreme temperature conditions, the heating time can be on the order of a few tens of seconds below -200 room temperature.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1. Système de préchauffage (10) d’air disposé dans une boucle (50) de circulation d’air traversant un élément de dépollution (26) d’un moteur thermique, caractérisé en ce que le système de préchauffage (10) comprend un moyen de chauffage (15) d’air et un moyen de brassage (12) d’air qui comporte un circuit de refroidissement (18). 1. Preheating system (10) of air disposed in an air circulation loop (50) passing through a pollution control element (26) of a heat engine, characterized in that the preheating system (10) comprises a air heating means (15) and an air mixing means (12) which comprises a cooling circuit (18).
2. Système de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (15) et le moyen de brassage (12) sont couplés. 2. Preheating system (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating means (15) and the stirring means (12) are coupled.
3. Système de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le système de préchauffage (10) comprend un carter cylindrique (11) enveloppant le moyen de chauffage (15) et le moyen de brassage (12) d’air. 3. Preheating system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preheating system (10) comprises a cylindrical casing (11) enveloping the heating means (15) and the stirring means (12) d 'air.
4. Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (15) d’air est de forme annulaire. 4. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating means (15) of air is annular in shape.
5. Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (15) est de type électrique notamment une grille de chauffage électrique. 5. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heating means (15) is of the electric type, in particular an electric heating grid.
6. Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (15) entoure une capsule tubulaire (16) de protection. 6. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heating means (15) surrounds a tubular capsule (16) for protection.
7. Système de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la capsule tubulaire (16) comporte une extrémité amont (16a) déflectrice. 7. Preheating system (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the tubular capsule (16) has an upstream end (16a) deflector.
8. Système de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de brassage (12) comprend un moteur électrique (17) logé dans la capsule tubulaire (16) de protection. 8. Preheating system (10) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the stirring means (12) comprises an electric motor (17) housed in the tubular capsule (16) for protection.
9. Système de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le moteur électrique (17) comporte un axe d’actionnement portant des pales (17h) s’étendant radialement. 9. A preheating system (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the electric motor (17) comprises an actuating shaft carrying blades (17h) extending radially.
10. Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la capsule tubulaire (16) de protection est entourée par le circuit de refroidissement (18). 10. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the tubular protective capsule (16) is surrounded by the cooling circuit (18).
11 . Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de refroidissement (18) comporte une conduite d’arrivée (18a) et une conduite de sortie (18s) de liquide de refroidissement traversant le carter (11). 11. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the cooling circuit (18) comprises an inlet pipe (18a) and an outlet pipe (18s) for cooling liquid passing through the housing (11).
12. Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 2 à 11 , caractérisé en ce que le circuit de refroidissement (18) comprend une partie d’échange (18e) de forme cylindrique. 12. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the cooling circuit (18) comprises an exchange part (18th) of cylindrical shape.
13. Système de préchauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 2 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de refroidissement (18) est séparé du moyen de chauffage (15) par une couche d’isolation thermique (19). 13. Preheating system (10) according to any one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the cooling circuit (18) is separated from the heating means (15) by a thermal insulation layer (19).
PCT/EP2021/053654 2020-02-28 2021-02-15 Combustion engine exhaust line having a system for preheating a pollution control element WO2021170440A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FRFR2002030 2020-02-28
FR2002030A FR3107726B1 (en) 2020-02-28 2020-02-28 thermal engine exhaust line with preheating system for a depollution element

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB628721A (en) * 1947-10-09 1949-09-02 Cyril Terence Delaney Improvements in or relating to electric air heating devices
FR1333941A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-08-02 Eberspaecher J equipment for purifying exhaust gases and making them non-toxic, particularly applicable to internal combustion engines
FR2880068A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-30 Renault Sas Diesel engine control method for e.g. car, involves reintroducing external and internal exhaust gas recirculation gas, coming from exhaust or inlet valve, in cylinder during different operation points of diesel engine
KR20130005248A (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-01-15 김대식 Hot-air blower using three phase motor
FR2981983A1 (en) 2011-10-26 2013-05-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Device for controlling pollution of exhaust gas to exhaust line of diesel engine of vehicle, has recirculation pipe extending from inlet to output upstream to pollution control unit for heating exhaust gas passing via pollution control unit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB628721A (en) * 1947-10-09 1949-09-02 Cyril Terence Delaney Improvements in or relating to electric air heating devices
FR1333941A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-08-02 Eberspaecher J equipment for purifying exhaust gases and making them non-toxic, particularly applicable to internal combustion engines
FR2880068A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-30 Renault Sas Diesel engine control method for e.g. car, involves reintroducing external and internal exhaust gas recirculation gas, coming from exhaust or inlet valve, in cylinder during different operation points of diesel engine
FR2981983A1 (en) 2011-10-26 2013-05-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Device for controlling pollution of exhaust gas to exhaust line of diesel engine of vehicle, has recirculation pipe extending from inlet to output upstream to pollution control unit for heating exhaust gas passing via pollution control unit
KR20130005248A (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-01-15 김대식 Hot-air blower using three phase motor

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FR3107726B1 (en) 2023-09-22

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