EP2125403A1 - Low-pressure egr exhaust gas circuit incorporating cabin heating - Google Patents

Low-pressure egr exhaust gas circuit incorporating cabin heating

Info

Publication number
EP2125403A1
EP2125403A1 EP08775651A EP08775651A EP2125403A1 EP 2125403 A1 EP2125403 A1 EP 2125403A1 EP 08775651 A EP08775651 A EP 08775651A EP 08775651 A EP08775651 A EP 08775651A EP 2125403 A1 EP2125403 A1 EP 2125403A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
exhaust
motor vehicle
recirculation
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08775651A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Rollet
Cédric Rouaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP2125403A1 publication Critical patent/EP2125403A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/025—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from both the cooling liquid and the exhaust gases of the propulsion plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0437—Liquid cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/08—Cabin heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/16—Outlet manifold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/18—Heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/16—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/25—Layout, e.g. schematics with coolers having bypasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F02M26/44—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which a main EGR passage is branched into multiple passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/65—Constructional details of EGR valves
    • F02M26/71—Multi-way valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle cabin heating system and / or engine components such as engine oil or gearbox, combined with a motorization equipped with solutions for reducing NOx emissions to the engine. exhaust, by EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) low pressure and possibly high pressure.
  • EGR exhaust Gas Recirculation
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle as such equipped with such a system. Finally, it also relates to a method for regulating the heating of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates such a solution, which comprises a motor 1 fed with air through an inlet 2, a compressor 3, an exchanger 4 and then a motor inlet 5.
  • a first solution known under the name Anglo-Saxon EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) high pressure, consists of a recirculation 12 of the exhaust gas at the output of the engine, passing through a heat exchanger 13 before joining the
  • a second solution known under the name of low pressure EGR, consists of a recirculation 1 1 of a portion of the exhaust gas recovered to the vehicle exit, after their passage through different treatment devices such as a catalyst 21, an oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter 22, for their readmission to the inlet of the compressor 3.
  • An exhaust valve 7 makes it possible to adjust the amount of low pressure gas recirculation st.
  • the operation of high and low pressure EGR solutions is usually combined and optimized according to the operating conditions of the engine. For example, the recirculation of high pressure gases cooled or uncooled with that of the low gases pressure avoids the increase of HC and CO emissions during a warm-up phase.
  • low pressure EGR sometimes leads to overproduction of hydrocarbon, which can be compensated for by high pressure EGR.
  • the high pressure EGR cooler 13 can be bypassed because it is harmful.
  • the EGR is generally cut off when the engine is cold because its use under these conditions causes an accumulation of particles in the filter.
  • the new engines have reached a level of efficiency such that the transfer of heat from the combustion chambers and from the friction zones of the mechanical elements to each other towards the coolant has become very low.
  • This loss of heat dissipation and therefore thermal power prevents thermal comfort in the passenger compartment in a reasonable time, particularly in low outdoor temperature conditions (about 30 minutes after starting the engine in a very cold environment, for example - 18 ° C). It also leads to over-consumption of the vehicle in the start-up and engine warm-up phase.
  • Patent Application FR 2 854 103 discloses an automotive cabin heating system solution comprising a motor coolant circuit, having a heater and an exhaust-coolant exchanger, positioned at the outlet of the exhaust line.
  • a valve makes it possible to define, as required, the quantity of useful exhaust gas at the level of the exhaust gas-liquid exchanger, the remainder of the gases being directed towards a bypass. With such a system, a portion of the heat of the exhaust gas is used to heat the coolant whose heat is then used for heating the cabin via the heater. This solution improves the temperature rise of the cabin during the start-up phase.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heating system of the passenger compartment of a vehicle and / or components of the engine for a vehicle equipped with a low-pressure EGR pollution device, obviating the drawbacks mentioned above .
  • the invention proposes a cooling liquid heating system combined with a low pressure EGR anti-pollution system allowing optimal performance of the two systems in all situations, especially in the vehicle start-up phase, without increasing its consumption. .
  • the invention is based on a heating system for a motor vehicle comprising a motor, an exhaust line for the exhaust gas and a possible recirculation path of the low-pressure exhaust gas at the inlet of the compressor of the intake line. gases to the engine, this recirculation being controlled by a recirculation valve, characterized in that the system comprises a heat exchanger on the recirculation path, adapted to recover the heat of the exhaust gas.
  • the heating system for a motor vehicle may include a first two-way valve to the exit of the line exhaust system to control the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation rate and a second two-way valve on the recirculation path to refine the exhaust gas recirculation rate.
  • the heating system for a motor vehicle comprises a pipe in parallel with the heat exchanger, making it possible to orient all or part of the exhaust gases downstream of the heat exchanger towards the exit of the heat exchanger. exhaust line.
  • the heating system for a motor vehicle may include a first two-way valve to the outlet of the exhaust line to control the recirculation rate of the low-pressure exhaust gas to the recirculation channel, a second valve two channels on the recirculation path to the compressor inlet to refine the exhaust gas recirculation rate and a third two-way valve positioned downstream of the heat exchanger on the pipe to guide or not a a certain amount of gas leaving the exchanger directly to the outlet of the exhaust.
  • the motor vehicle heating system may include a first three-way valve to the exit of the exhaust line to control the recirculation rate of the low pressure exhaust gas to the recirculation channel and a second valve three. downstream of the heat exchanger on the recirculation path at the intersection of the pipe and the return path to the engine inlet in order to or not to direct a certain amount of gas at the outlet of the exchanger directly to the exhaust outlet.
  • the heat exchanger can be connected in parallel with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems such as a particulate filter.
  • the heat exchanger may be an exhaust-liquid exchanger for heating the coolant and the heating system further comprises a heater adapted to heat the air entering the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle and / or a liquid-oil exchanger for heating the engine oil and / or the gearbox.
  • the heating system may also include a coolant temperature sensor at the engine outlet and a cabin air temperature sensor.
  • the heating system for a motor vehicle described above may comprise means able to shift the injection of a portion of the fuel into the engine in order to increase the enthalpy of the exhaust gases.
  • the previous heating system may include a high pressure EGR.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a heating system as described above.
  • the invention also relates to a method for regulating the temperature of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an initial step of temperature rise in which the water temperature at the outlet of the engine is relatively low and the temperature of the passenger compartment has not yet reached the desired temperature, in which a first valve directs the low pressure exhaust gas to a heat exchanger for heating the cabin by recovering heat from the low pressure exhaust gas and wherein at least a second valve orients at least partially the exhaust of the gas exiting the heat exchanger directly outward exit of the exhaust line.
  • This method of regulating the temperature of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle may comprise a phase in which a part of the exhaust gas downstream of the heat exchanger is directly oriented outwards at the exit of the line of the vehicle. exhaust while the other part is oriented towards the engine intake to reduce the emission of gaseous pollutants.
  • FIG. 1 represents a motorization solution of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 represents the concept of the invention by a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 represents a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an implementation of the invention in which the same elements as in FIG. 1 of the prior art bear the same references.
  • This solution provides for the use of a heat exchanger 19 positioned on the recirculation channel 1 1 of the exhaust gases of the low pressure EGR system, downstream of the particulate filter 22.
  • This heat exchanger 19 is therefore positioned in parallel with the various after-treatment devices such as the catalyst 21 and the particulate filter 22 of the exhaust line 6.
  • the two-way valve 7 serves to control the exhaust gas recirculation rate of the low-pressure EGR system.
  • a second two-way valve 18 downstream of the heat exchanger 19 makes it possible to refine the recirculation rate.
  • the function of the heat exchanger 19 is to cool the recirculation gases and to heat the vehicle coolant.
  • This system is used in particular during the temperature rise of the engine when the vehicle is started to accelerate the rise in temperature of the coolant, the heat of which can be transmitted to the passenger compartment of the vehicle via a heater not shown and transmitted to the engine and gearbox oil via the coolant (ie with a "short loop") to reduce engine consumption during this cold start phase.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which a pipe 20 is further mounted downstream of the heat exchanger 19 to be able to return recirculation gases 1 1 to the outlet 16 of the line of exhaust, at the silencer not shown, if necessary.
  • a two-way valve 17 called "return" is further positioned downstream of the heat exchanger 19 on the pipe 20. Its function is to orient or not a certain amount of gas at the outlet of the exchanger 19 directly to the exhaust outlet 16.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the preceding embodiment in which two three-way valves 7 ', 18' are used to fulfill the functions of the three two-way valves 7, 17, 18 of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3
  • the first valve 7 ' has the function of determining the rate of recirculation gas on the recirculation channel 1 1, in the context of the low-pressure EGR, while the second so-called “distribution" valve 18 'makes it possible to share the gases downstream of the heat exchanger 19 at the end of the recirculation circuit 1 1 between a return to the turbocharger 3 of the engine or an exhaust end of the exhaust line 16.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of reducing the overall size of the solution, to simplify the exhaust gas circuits, to facilitate the steering of the whole and to reduce its cost.
  • this device comprises a coolant temperature sensor at the output of the engine and an air temperature sensor of the passenger compartment, to allow automation of the regulation of the temperature of the passenger compartment.
  • the heat recovered by the coolant through the exchanger 19 can also be used in a water-oil exchanger to increase the temperature rise of the gearbox oil, mechanical or no, and / or the engine oil, through a cooling circuit called "short loop" comprising an electric pump.
  • This solution can thus have the advantage of reducing friction by improving the temperature rise of the oil, and consequently reducing the consumption during the temperature rise phase.
  • a temperature rise phase when the engine is started in low temperature conditions, the engine outlet water temperature has not yet reached a threshold temperature, for example 60 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the engine cabin has not yet reached a desired temperature, 21 degrees Celsius for example: the valve 7 at least partially closes the outflow of gases to the outside and forces to the exchanger 19 by EGR low pressure recirculation 1 1 , while the valves 17, 18 or 18 'will induce an orientation of all or part of the gas directly to the exhaust 16, and not to the engine intake.
  • a threshold temperature for example 60 degrees Celsius
  • the temperature of the engine cabin has not yet reached a desired temperature, 21 degrees Celsius for example: the valve 7 at least partially closes the outflow of gases to the outside and forces to the exchanger 19 by EGR low pressure recirculation 1 1 , while the valves 17, 18 or 18 'will induce an orientation of all or part of the gas directly to the exhaust 16, and not to the engine intake.
  • the hot exhaust gases will make it possible to heat the cooling liquid and / or the engine oil and / or the gearbox by the intermediate of the heat exchanger 19, respectively to accelerate the heating of the passenger compartment and / or reduce the consumption of the engine;
  • the EGR system for reducing pollutants at the exhaust outlet can operate in parallel in an optimized manner. For example, in case of low outside temperatures for which its use is not always required because it causes a high production of particles accumulating in the particulate filter, it can be cut. In such a case, the heat of the hot exhaust gas can still be recovered without the EGR system being implemented, directing the gas directly to the outlet 16 after passing through the heat exchanger 19.
  • the EGR system When the engine is warm, the EGR system will be able to operate in the usual way, the valves 7, 17, 18 or 18 'making it possible to fix the rate of gas recirculating towards the engine by the low pressure EGR system while the high pressure EGR valve 8 likewise determines the recirculation rate of the high pressure EGR.
  • a dual EGR system recirculates both the low pressure circuit and the high pressure circuit, the return valve 17 and the valve 18 or the distribution valve 18 'allows (tent) a recirculation of a portion of the low pressure exhaust gas to the intake for the engine need in accordance with the normal operation of the EGR system and another part directly to the exhaust 16, the heat exchanger 19 however benefiting from heat exchange optimized for accelerated temperature rise of the coolant.
  • the solution described above is adapted to a spark ignition engine or compression ignition, for circulating exhaust gas from the downstream of the particulate filter or a three-way catalyst or oxidation to the inlet turbocharger for supercharged engines, or engine intake for atmospheric engines. It is suitable for engines with exhaust front or rear, or arranged transversely too.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Motor vehicle heating system comprising an engine (1), an exhaust line (6) for the exhaust gases, and a possible recirculation path (11) for the low-pressure exhaust gases that enter the compressor (3) of the line that admits gases to the engine, this recirculation being controlled by an EGR valve (7; T), characterized in that the system comprises a heat exchanger (19) on the recirculation path (11) for recovering the heat from the exhaust gases.

Description

L'invention concerne un système de chauffage d'habitacle de véhicule automobile et/ou de composantes de la motorisation comme l'huile du moteur ou de la boîte de vitesse, combiné avec une motorisation équipée de solutions de diminution des émissions de Nox à l'échappement, par EGR (Exhaust Gaz Recirculation) basse pression et éventuellement haute pression. L'invention concerne aussi un véhicule automobile en tant que tel équipé d'un tel système. Enfin, elle concerne aussi un procédé de régulation du chauffage de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile. The invention relates to a motor vehicle cabin heating system and / or engine components such as engine oil or gearbox, combined with a motorization equipped with solutions for reducing NOx emissions to the engine. exhaust, by EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) low pressure and possibly high pressure. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle as such equipped with such a system. Finally, it also relates to a method for regulating the heating of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
II existe dans l'art antérieur des solutions pour lutter contre la pollution provoquée par les gaz d'échappement des véhicules automobiles. La figure 1 illustre une telle solution, qui comprend un moteur 1 alimenté en air par une entrée 2, un compresseur 3, un échangeur 4 puis une admission moteur 5. Pour diminuer l'émission en Nox des gaz d'échappement sortant sur l'échappement 6 du véhicule, une première solution, connue sous la dénomination anglo-saxonne d'EGR (Exhaust Gaz Recirculation) haute pression, consiste en une recirculation 12 des gaz d'échappement en sortie du moteur, traversant un échangeur 13 avant de rejoindre l'admission moteur 5. Une seconde solution, connue sous sa dénomination d'EGR basse pression, consiste en une recirculation 1 1 d'une partie des gaz d'échappement récupérés vers la sortie du véhicule, après leur passage par différents dispositifs de traitements comme un catalyseur 21 , un catalyseur d'oxydation, un filtre à particules 22, pour leur réadmission à l'entrée du compresseur 3. Une vanne d'échappement 7 permet de régler la quantité de gaz basse pression à recirculer. Le fonctionnement des solutions EGR haute et basse pressions est en général combiné et optimisé en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du moteur. Par exemple, la recirculation des gaz haute pression refroidis ou non refroidis avec celle des gaz basse pression évite l'augmentation des émissions de HC et de CO lors d'une phase de montée en température. A froid, l'EGR basse pression entraîne parfois une surproduction d'hydrocarbure, qui peut être compensée par l'EGR haute pression. Dans des conditions à froid, le refroidisseur d'EGR haute pression 13 peut être by-passé car néfaste. D'autre part, en présence d'un filtre à particules 22, l'EGR est en général coupé lorsque le moteur est froid car son utilisation dans ces conditions entraîne une accumulation de particules dans le filtre.In the prior art, there exist solutions for combating the pollution caused by the exhaust gases of motor vehicles. FIG. 1 illustrates such a solution, which comprises a motor 1 fed with air through an inlet 2, a compressor 3, an exchanger 4 and then a motor inlet 5. To reduce the emission of NOx exhaust gases leaving on the Exhaust 6 of the vehicle, a first solution, known under the name Anglo-Saxon EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) high pressure, consists of a recirculation 12 of the exhaust gas at the output of the engine, passing through a heat exchanger 13 before joining the A second solution, known under the name of low pressure EGR, consists of a recirculation 1 1 of a portion of the exhaust gas recovered to the vehicle exit, after their passage through different treatment devices such as a catalyst 21, an oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter 22, for their readmission to the inlet of the compressor 3. An exhaust valve 7 makes it possible to adjust the amount of low pressure gas recirculation st. The operation of high and low pressure EGR solutions is usually combined and optimized according to the operating conditions of the engine. For example, the recirculation of high pressure gases cooled or uncooled with that of the low gases pressure avoids the increase of HC and CO emissions during a warm-up phase. In cold weather, low pressure EGR sometimes leads to overproduction of hydrocarbon, which can be compensated for by high pressure EGR. In cold conditions, the high pressure EGR cooler 13 can be bypassed because it is harmful. On the other hand, in the presence of a particulate filter 22, the EGR is generally cut off when the engine is cold because its use under these conditions causes an accumulation of particles in the filter.
Les nouvelles motorisations ont atteint un niveau de rendement tel que le transfert de chaleur depuis les chambres de combustion et depuis les zones de frottement des éléments mécaniques entre eux vers le liquide de refroidissement est devenu très faible. Cette perte de dissipation de chaleur et donc de puissance thermique empêche d'obtenir un confort thermique dans l'habitacle dans un délai raisonnable, particulièrement dans les conditions de température extérieure basse (environ 30 minutes après le démarrage du moteur en ambiance très froide par exemple - 18°C). Elle entraîne de plus une surconsommation du véhicule dans la phase de démarrage et de montée en température du moteur.The new engines have reached a level of efficiency such that the transfer of heat from the combustion chambers and from the friction zones of the mechanical elements to each other towards the coolant has become very low. This loss of heat dissipation and therefore thermal power prevents thermal comfort in the passenger compartment in a reasonable time, particularly in low outdoor temperature conditions (about 30 minutes after starting the engine in a very cold environment, for example - 18 ° C). It also leads to over-consumption of the vehicle in the start-up and engine warm-up phase.
La demande de brevet FR 2 854 103 présente une solution de système de chauffage d'habitacle d'automobile comprenant un circuit de liquide de refroidissement moteur, présentant un aérotherme et un échangeur gaz d'échappement-liquide de refroidissement, positionné en sortie de la ligne d'échappement. Une vanne permet de définir selon les besoins la quantité de gaz d'échappement utile au niveau de l'échangeur gaz d'échappement- liquide, le reste des gaz étant orienté vers un by-pass. Grâce à un tel système, une partie de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement sert à réchauffer le liquide de refroidissement dont la chaleur est ensuite exploitée pour le chauffage de l'habitacle via l'aérotherme. Cette solution améliore la montée en température de l'habitacle lors de la phase de démarrage. Toutefois, elle présente l'inconvénient que lorsque le véhicule est équipé d'un dispositif anti-pollution tel que décrit précédemment et situé en amont de l'échangeur gaz d'échappement - liquide de refroidissement, les gaz ne passent plus ou en petite quantité seulement dans la partie finale d'échappement et la solution décrite dans ce document n'est plus efficace.Patent Application FR 2 854 103 discloses an automotive cabin heating system solution comprising a motor coolant circuit, having a heater and an exhaust-coolant exchanger, positioned at the outlet of the exhaust line. A valve makes it possible to define, as required, the quantity of useful exhaust gas at the level of the exhaust gas-liquid exchanger, the remainder of the gases being directed towards a bypass. With such a system, a portion of the heat of the exhaust gas is used to heat the coolant whose heat is then used for heating the cabin via the heater. This solution improves the temperature rise of the cabin during the start-up phase. However, it has the disadvantage that when the vehicle is equipped with an anti-pollution device as described above and located upstream of the exhaust gas exchanger - coolant, the gases do not pass or in small quantities only in the final exhaust part and the solution described in this document is no longer effective.
Le but de l'invention est de fournir un système de chauffage de l'habitacle d'un véhicule et/ou de composantes de la motorisation, pour un véhicule équipé d'un dispositif anti-pollution EGR basse pression, obviant aux inconvénients cités précédemment.The object of the invention is to provide a heating system of the passenger compartment of a vehicle and / or components of the engine for a vehicle equipped with a low-pressure EGR pollution device, obviating the drawbacks mentioned above .
Plus précisément, l'invention propose un système de chauffage de liquide de refroidissement combiné à un système anti-pollution EGR basse pression permettant une performance optimale des deux systèmes dans toutes les situations, notamment dans la phase de démarrage du véhicule, sans augmenter sa consommation.More specifically, the invention proposes a cooling liquid heating system combined with a low pressure EGR anti-pollution system allowing optimal performance of the two systems in all situations, especially in the vehicle start-up phase, without increasing its consumption. .
L'invention repose sur un système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile comprenant un moteur, une ligne d'échappement pour les gaz d'échappement et une voie de recirculation possible des gaz d'échappement basse pression en entrée du compresseur de la ligne d'admission des gaz vers le moteur, cette recirculation étant commandée par une vanne de recirculation, caractérisé en ce que le système comprend un échangeur de chaleur sur la voie de recirculation, apte à récupérer la chaleur des gaz d'échappement.The invention is based on a heating system for a motor vehicle comprising a motor, an exhaust line for the exhaust gas and a possible recirculation path of the low-pressure exhaust gas at the inlet of the compressor of the intake line. gases to the engine, this recirculation being controlled by a recirculation valve, characterized in that the system comprises a heat exchanger on the recirculation path, adapted to recover the heat of the exhaust gas.
Pour cela, le système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile peut comprendre une première vanne deux voies vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement afin de piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement basse pression et une seconde vanne deux voies sur la voie de recirculation afin d'affiner le taux de recirculation de gaz d'échappement.For this, the heating system for a motor vehicle may include a first two-way valve to the exit of the line exhaust system to control the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation rate and a second two-way valve on the recirculation path to refine the exhaust gas recirculation rate.
Selon une variante de réalisation, le système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile comprend un tuyau en parallèle de l'échangeur de chaleur, permettant d'orienter tout ou partie des gaz d'échappement en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement.According to an alternative embodiment, the heating system for a motor vehicle comprises a pipe in parallel with the heat exchanger, making it possible to orient all or part of the exhaust gases downstream of the heat exchanger towards the exit of the heat exchanger. exhaust line.
Pour cela, le système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile peut comprendre une première vanne deux voies vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement afin de piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement basse pression vers la voie de recirculation, une seconde vanne deux voies sur la voie de recirculation vers l'entrée du compresseur afin d'affiner le taux de recirculation de gaz d'échappement et une troisième vanne deux voies positionnée en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur sur le tuyau afin d'orienter ou non une certaine quantité de gaz en sortie de l'échangeur directement vers la sortie de l'échappement.For this, the heating system for a motor vehicle may include a first two-way valve to the outlet of the exhaust line to control the recirculation rate of the low-pressure exhaust gas to the recirculation channel, a second valve two channels on the recirculation path to the compressor inlet to refine the exhaust gas recirculation rate and a third two-way valve positioned downstream of the heat exchanger on the pipe to guide or not a a certain amount of gas leaving the exchanger directly to the outlet of the exhaust.
En variante, le système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile peut comprendre une première vanne trois voies vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement afin de piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement basse pression vers la voie de recirculation et une seconde vanne trois voies en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur sur la voie de recirculation au croisement du tuyau et de la voie de retour vers l'admission du moteur afin d'orienter ou non une certaine quantité de gaz en sortie de l'échangeur directement vers la sortie de l'échappement. Dans ces réalisations, l'échangeur de chaleur peut être monté en parallèle de systèmes de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement comme un filtre à particules.Alternatively, the motor vehicle heating system may include a first three-way valve to the exit of the exhaust line to control the recirculation rate of the low pressure exhaust gas to the recirculation channel and a second valve three. downstream of the heat exchanger on the recirculation path at the intersection of the pipe and the return path to the engine inlet in order to or not to direct a certain amount of gas at the outlet of the exchanger directly to the exhaust outlet. In these embodiments, the heat exchanger can be connected in parallel with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems such as a particulate filter.
L'échangeur de chaleur peut être un échangeur gaz d'échappement - liquide qui permet de chauffer le liquide de refroidissement et le système de chauffage comprend de plus un aérotherme apte à chauffer l'air entrant dans l'habitacle du véhicule automobile et / ou un échangeur liquide - huile pour chauffer l'huile du moteur et/ou de la boîte de vitesse.The heat exchanger may be an exhaust-liquid exchanger for heating the coolant and the heating system further comprises a heater adapted to heat the air entering the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle and / or a liquid-oil exchanger for heating the engine oil and / or the gearbox.
Le système de chauffage peut aussi comprendre un capteur de température du liquide de refroidissement en sortie du moteur et un capteur de température de l'air de l'habitacle.The heating system may also include a coolant temperature sensor at the engine outlet and a cabin air temperature sensor.
Selon une réalisation intéressante, le système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile décrit précédemment peut comprendre un moyen apte à décaler l'injection d'une partie du carburant dans le moteur afin d'augmenter l'enthalpie des gaz d'échappement.According to an interesting embodiment, the heating system for a motor vehicle described above may comprise means able to shift the injection of a portion of the fuel into the engine in order to increase the enthalpy of the exhaust gases.
Enfin, le système de chauffage précédent peut comprendre un EGR haute pression.Finally, the previous heating system may include a high pressure EGR.
L'invention porte aussi sur un véhicule automobile comprenant un système de chauffage tel que décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a heating system as described above.
L'invention porte aussi sur un procédé de régulation de la température de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape initiale de montée en température dans laquelle la température d'eau en sortie du moteur est relativement basse et la température de l'habitacle n'a pas encore atteint la température recherchée, dans laquelle une première vanne dirige les gaz d'échappement basse pression vers un échangeur de chaleur pour chauffer l'habitacle en récupérant de la chaleur provenant des gaz d'échappement basse pression et dans laquelle au moins une deuxième vanne oriente au moins partiellement l'échappement des gaz en sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur directement vers l'extérieur en sortie de la ligne d'échappement.The invention also relates to a method for regulating the temperature of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an initial step of temperature rise in which the water temperature at the outlet of the engine is relatively low and the temperature of the passenger compartment has not yet reached the desired temperature, in which a first valve directs the low pressure exhaust gas to a heat exchanger for heating the cabin by recovering heat from the low pressure exhaust gas and wherein at least a second valve orients at least partially the exhaust of the gas exiting the heat exchanger directly outward exit of the exhaust line.
Ce procédé de régulation de la température de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile peut comprendre une phase dans laquelle une partie des gaz d'échappement en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur est directement orientée vers l'extérieur en sortie de la ligne d'échappement alors que l'autre partie est orientée vers l'admission du moteur afin de diminuer l'émission de gaz polluants.This method of regulating the temperature of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle may comprise a phase in which a part of the exhaust gas downstream of the heat exchanger is directly oriented outwards at the exit of the line of the vehicle. exhaust while the other part is oriented towards the engine intake to reduce the emission of gaseous pollutants.
Ces objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante d'un mode d'exécution particulier fait à titre non-limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :These objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in detail in the following description of a particular embodiment made in a non-limiting manner in relation to the appended figures among which:
La figure 1 représente une solution de motorisation de l'art antérieur ; la figure 2 représente le concept de l'invention par un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 3 représente un second mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 4 représente une variante du second mode de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 1 represents a motorization solution of the prior art; FIG. 2 represents the concept of the invention by a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 represents a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
La figure 2 illustre une mise en œuvre de l'invention dans laquelle les mêmes éléments que dans la figure 1 de l'art antérieur portent les mêmes références. Cette solution prévoit l'utilisation d'un échangeur de chaleur 19 positionné sur la voie de recirculation 1 1 des gaz d'échappement du système EGR basse pression, en aval du filtre à particules 22. Cet échangeur de chaleur 19 se trouve donc positionné en parallèle avec les différents dispositifs de post-traitements comme le catalyseur 21 et le filtre à particules 22 de la ligne d'échappement 6. La vanne deux voies 7 sert à piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement du système EGR basse pression. Une seconde vanne deux voies 18 en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur 19 permet d'affiner le taux de recirculation. L'échangeur de chaleur 19 a pour fonction de refroidir les gaz de recirculation et de réchauffer le liquide de refroidissement du véhicule. Ce système est notamment exploité lors de la montée en température du moteur au démarrage du véhicule pour accélérer la montée en température du liquide de refroidissement, dont la chaleur peut être transmise à l'habitacle du véhicule par l'intermédiaire d'un aérotherme non représenté et transmise à l'huile du moteur et de la boîte de vitesse via le liquide de refroidissement (i.e. avec une « boucle courte ») pour diminuer la consommation du moteur lors de cette phase de démarrage à froid.FIG. 2 illustrates an implementation of the invention in which the same elements as in FIG. 1 of the prior art bear the same references. This solution provides for the use of a heat exchanger 19 positioned on the recirculation channel 1 1 of the exhaust gases of the low pressure EGR system, downstream of the particulate filter 22. This heat exchanger 19 is therefore positioned in parallel with the various after-treatment devices such as the catalyst 21 and the particulate filter 22 of the exhaust line 6. The two-way valve 7 serves to control the exhaust gas recirculation rate of the low-pressure EGR system. A second two-way valve 18 downstream of the heat exchanger 19 makes it possible to refine the recirculation rate. The function of the heat exchanger 19 is to cool the recirculation gases and to heat the vehicle coolant. This system is used in particular during the temperature rise of the engine when the vehicle is started to accelerate the rise in temperature of the coolant, the heat of which can be transmitted to the passenger compartment of the vehicle via a heater not shown and transmitted to the engine and gearbox oil via the coolant (ie with a "short loop") to reduce engine consumption during this cold start phase.
La figure 3 illustre un autre mode d'exécution de l'invention dans laquelle un tuyau 20 est de plus monté en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur 19 pour pouvoir renvoyer des gaz de recirculation 1 1 vers la sortie 16 de la ligne d'échappement, au niveau du silencieux non représenté, si nécessaire. Une vanne deux voies 17 dite « de retour » est de plus positionnée en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur 19 sur le tuyau 20. Sa fonction est d'orienter ou non une certaine quantité de gaz en sortie de l'échangeur 19 directement vers la sortie de l'échappement 16.FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which a pipe 20 is further mounted downstream of the heat exchanger 19 to be able to return recirculation gases 1 1 to the outlet 16 of the line of exhaust, at the silencer not shown, if necessary. A two-way valve 17 called "return" is further positioned downstream of the heat exchanger 19 on the pipe 20. Its function is to orient or not a certain amount of gas at the outlet of the exchanger 19 directly to the exhaust outlet 16.
La figure 4 illustre une variante de réalisation du mode d'exécution précédent dans laquelle deux vannes trois voies 7', 18', sont utilisées pour remplir les fonctions des trois vannes deux voies 7, 17, 18 de la réalisation illustrée sur la figure 3. La première vanne 7' a pour fonction de déterminer le taux de gaz de recirculation sur la voie de recirculation 1 1 , dans le cadre de l'EGR basse pression alors que la seconde vanne dite « de répartition » 18' permet de partager les gaz en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur 19 en fin de circuit de recirculation 1 1 entre un retour vers le turbocompresseur 3 du moteur thermique ou un échappement en fin de ligne d'échappement 16. Cette variante de réalisation présente l'avantage de réduire l'encombrement global de la solution, de simplifier les circuits de gaz d'échappement, de faciliter le pilotage de l'ensemble et de réduire son coût.FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the preceding embodiment in which two three-way valves 7 ', 18' are used to fulfill the functions of the three two-way valves 7, 17, 18 of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 The first valve 7 'has the function of determining the rate of recirculation gas on the recirculation channel 1 1, in the context of the low-pressure EGR, while the second so-called "distribution" valve 18 'makes it possible to share the gases downstream of the heat exchanger 19 at the end of the recirculation circuit 1 1 between a return to the turbocharger 3 of the engine or an exhaust end of the exhaust line 16. This embodiment has the advantage of reducing the overall size of the solution, to simplify the exhaust gas circuits, to facilitate the steering of the whole and to reduce its cost.
Le chauffage de l'habitacle n'a pas été directement représenté mais peut se faire de manière connue par un échangeur supplémentaire appelé aérotherme entre le liquide de refroidissement et l'air entrant dans l'habitacle. Par ce biais, la chaleur des gaz d'échappement est transmise à l'habitacle. Avantageusement, ce dispositif comprend un capteur de température du liquide de refroidissement en sortie du moteur et un capteur de température d'air de l'habitacle, pour permettre une automatisation de la régulation de la température de l'habitacle.The heating of the passenger compartment has not been directly represented but can be done in known manner by an additional exchanger called heater between the coolant and the air entering the passenger compartment. In this way, the heat of the exhaust gases is transmitted to the passenger compartment. Advantageously, this device comprises a coolant temperature sensor at the output of the engine and an air temperature sensor of the passenger compartment, to allow automation of the regulation of the temperature of the passenger compartment.
D'autre part, la chaleur récupérée par le liquide de refroidissement par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur 19 peut aussi être exploitée dans un échangeur eau - huile pour augmenter la montée en température de l'huile de la boîte de vitesse, mécanique ou non, et / ou de l'huile du moteur thermique, par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit de refroidissement dit « boucle courte » comportant une pompe électrique. Cette solution peut ainsi présenter l'avantage de diminuer les frottements grâce à une amélioration de la montée en température de l'huile, et par conséquent de diminuer la consommation en phase de montée en température. Le fonctionnement du système selon l'invention va maintenant être détaillé.On the other hand, the heat recovered by the coolant through the exchanger 19 can also be used in a water-oil exchanger to increase the temperature rise of the gearbox oil, mechanical or no, and / or the engine oil, through a cooling circuit called "short loop" comprising an electric pump. This solution can thus have the advantage of reducing friction by improving the temperature rise of the oil, and consequently reducing the consumption during the temperature rise phase. The operation of the system according to the invention will now be detailed.
Dans une phase de montée en température, au démarrage du moteur dans des conditions de basse température, la température d'eau en sortie du moteur n'a pas encore atteint une température seuil, de 60 degrés Celsius par exemple, la température de l'habitacle n'a pas encore atteint une température recherchée, de 21 degrés Celsius par exemple : la vanne 7 ferme au moins partiellement l'échappement des gaz vers l'extérieur et les force vers l'échangeur 19 par la recirculation EGR basse pression 1 1 , alors que les vannes 17, 18 ou 18' vont induire une orientation de tout ou partie des gaz directement vers l'échappement 16, et non vers l'admission moteur. Cette solution permet d'atteindre les avantages suivants dans cette phase de montée en température : -les gaz chauds d'échappement vont permettre de chauffer le liquide de refroidissement et/ou l'huile moteur et/ou de la boîte de vitesse par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur 19, afin respectivement d'accélérer le chauffage de l'habitacle et/ou de réduire la consommation du moteur ; -le système EGR de réduction des polluants en sortie d'échappement peut fonctionner en parallèle de manière optimisée. Par exemple, en cas de températures extérieures basses pour lesquelles son utilisation n'est pas toujours requise car elle entraîne une production élevée de particules s'accumulant dans le filtre à particules, il peut être coupé. Dans un tel cas, la chaleur des gaz chaud d'échappement peut quand même être récupérée sans que le système EGR ne soit mis en œuvre, en orientant les gaz directement vers la sortie 16 après leur passage dans l'échangeur de chaleur 19. Quand le moteur est chaud, le système EGR va pouvoir fonctionner de manière habituelle, les vannes 7, 17, 18 ou 18' permettant de fixer le taux de gaz recirculant vers le moteur par le système EGR basse pression alors que la vanne EGR haute pression 8 détermine de même le taux de recirculation de l'EGR haute pression.In a temperature rise phase, when the engine is started in low temperature conditions, the engine outlet water temperature has not yet reached a threshold temperature, for example 60 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the engine cabin has not yet reached a desired temperature, 21 degrees Celsius for example: the valve 7 at least partially closes the outflow of gases to the outside and forces to the exchanger 19 by EGR low pressure recirculation 1 1 , while the valves 17, 18 or 18 'will induce an orientation of all or part of the gas directly to the exhaust 16, and not to the engine intake. This solution makes it possible to achieve the following advantages in this phase of temperature rise: the hot exhaust gases will make it possible to heat the cooling liquid and / or the engine oil and / or the gearbox by the intermediate of the heat exchanger 19, respectively to accelerate the heating of the passenger compartment and / or reduce the consumption of the engine; the EGR system for reducing pollutants at the exhaust outlet can operate in parallel in an optimized manner. For example, in case of low outside temperatures for which its use is not always required because it causes a high production of particles accumulating in the particulate filter, it can be cut. In such a case, the heat of the hot exhaust gas can still be recovered without the EGR system being implemented, directing the gas directly to the outlet 16 after passing through the heat exchanger 19. When the engine is warm, the EGR system will be able to operate in the usual way, the valves 7, 17, 18 or 18 'making it possible to fix the rate of gas recirculating towards the engine by the low pressure EGR system while the high pressure EGR valve 8 likewise determines the recirculation rate of the high pressure EGR.
Dans une phase intermédiaire de fonctionnement, alors que la température d'eau du moteur n'a pas encore atteint une valeur nominale, un double système EGR recircule à la fois des gaz du circuit basse pression et du circuit haute pression, la vanne de retour 17 et la vanne 18 ou la vanne de répartition 18' permet(tent) une recirculation d'une partie des gaz d'échappement basse pression vers l'admission pour le besoin du moteur conformément au fonctionnement normal du système EGR et une autre partie directement vers l'échappement 16, l'échangeur de chaleur 19 bénéficiant toutefois d'échanges thermiques optimisés pour une montée en température accélérée du liquide de refroidissement.In an intermediate phase of operation, while the engine water temperature has not yet reached a nominal value, a dual EGR system recirculates both the low pressure circuit and the high pressure circuit, the return valve 17 and the valve 18 or the distribution valve 18 'allows (tent) a recirculation of a portion of the low pressure exhaust gas to the intake for the engine need in accordance with the normal operation of the EGR system and another part directly to the exhaust 16, the heat exchanger 19 however benefiting from heat exchange optimized for accelerated temperature rise of the coolant.
La solution décrite précédemment est adaptée à un moteur thermique à allumage commandé ou allumage par compression, permettant de faire circuler des gaz d'échappement depuis l'aval du filtre à particules ou d'un catalyseur trois voies ou d'oxydation vers l'entrée d'un turbocompresseur pour les moteurs suralimentés, ou à l'admission du moteur pour les moteurs atmosphériques. Elle est adaptée aux moteurs comportant l'échappement en face avant ou arrière, ou disposé en transversal aussi.The solution described above is adapted to a spark ignition engine or compression ignition, for circulating exhaust gas from the downstream of the particulate filter or a three-way catalyst or oxidation to the inlet turbocharger for supercharged engines, or engine intake for atmospheric engines. It is suitable for engines with exhaust front or rear, or arranged transversely too.
Afin d'améliorer la performance du système, il peut être envisager d'adapter le procédé d'injection en décalant une partie du carburant injecté dans la détente qui brûlera dans la chambre de combustion pour créer une exothermicité complémentaire dans les gaz d'échappement, de sorte d'augmenter leur enthalpie et d'apporter un plus grand apport de chaleur au liquide de refroidissement au niveau de l'échangeur 19. De même, il est possible de mettre en œuvre un procédé d'injection consistant à décaler l'injection d'une partie du carburant dans la détente ou lors d'une phase de vidange d'échappement du cylindre. De manière similaire, des composants spécifiques peuvent permettre l'injection et/ou la vaporisation de carburant dans les gaz d'échappement, disposés le long de la ligne d'échappement en aval de la chambre de combustion et en amont du module de traitement et épuration des gaz d'échappement. Ainsi, ces variantes peuvent permettre d'apporter une quantité de carburant supplémentaire non brûlé dans la chambre de combustion, qui sera oxydé sur la fonction catalytique du module de post-traitement, permettant le dégagement d'une chaleur supplémentaire par le gaz d'échappement.In order to improve the performance of the system, it may be conceivable to adapt the injection process by shifting a portion of the fuel injected into the trigger that will burn in the combustion chamber to create a complementary exotherm in the exhaust gas, so as to increase their enthalpy and bring a greater contribution of heat to the coolant at the exchanger 19. Similarly, it is possible to implement an injection method of staggering the injection of a portion of the fuel in the trigger or during a phase of drain of the cylinder. Similarly, specific components may allow injection and / or vaporization of fuel in the exhaust gas, arranged along the exhaust line downstream of the combustion chamber and upstream of the treatment module and exhaust gas purification. Thus, these variants can provide an additional unburned fuel quantity in the combustion chamber, which will be oxidized on the catalytic function of the after-treatment module, allowing the release of additional heat by the exhaust gas. .
Cette solution a été implémentée avec un EGR haute pression basé sur une recirculation des gaz d'échappement entre le collecteur d'échappement et le répartiteur d'admission, ce qui permet un fonctionnement avantageux de l'EGR, expliqué auparavant. Elle reste toutefois compatible avec un simple EGR basse pression, l'EGR haute pression restant optionnel. De même, l'échangeur de chaleur 13 du circuit EGR haute pression reste optionnel. Cet échangeur est d'ailleurs en général by-passé dans un fonctionnement à froid et insuffisant pour répondre au problème de montée en température de l'habitacle.This solution has been implemented with a high pressure EGR based on exhaust gas recirculation between the exhaust manifold and the intake manifold, which allows advantageous operation of the EGR, explained previously. However, it remains compatible with a simple low pressure EGR, the high pressure EGR remaining optional. Similarly, the heat exchanger 13 of the high pressure EGR circuit remains optional. This exchanger is also generally by-passed in a cold operation and insufficient to meet the problem of temperature rise of the passenger compartment.
Finalement, la solution atteint bien les objets recherchés et présente, outre les avantages déjà mentionnés, les avantages supplémentaires suivants :Finally, the solution achieves the desired objects and presents, in addition to the advantages already mentioned, the following additional advantages:
-elle fonctionne en exploitant des composants existants d'un système EGR, sans nécessiter de profonde modification de ce dernier, ni dans sa structure ni dans son fonctionnement, grâce à un ajout en parallèle de quelques composants complémentaires 18, 19, ou 17, 18, 19, 20 ou 18', 19, 20. Notamment, elle profite de la vanne d'échappement 7 qui permet d'augmenter artificiellement la contre pression du moteur, favorable à une dégradation du rendement et augmentation de la température des gaz d'échappement, et qui permet de forcer plus de débit à travers l'échangeur 19 ;it works by exploiting existing components of an EGR system, without requiring any profound modification of the latter, either in its structure or in its operation, thanks to a parallel addition of some complementary components 18, 19, or 17, 18 , 19, 20 or 18 ', 19, 20. In particular, it takes advantage of the exhaust valve 7 which artificially increases the back pressure of the engine, favorable to a degradation of the efficiency and increase of the temperature of the exhaust gas, and which makes it possible to force more flow through the exchanger 19;
-elle fonctionne de manière optimisée au niveau des échanges thermique sans modification du fonctionnement du système anti-pollution qui peut continuer son fonctionnement optimisé en parallèle ;it operates in an optimized manner in terms of heat exchange without modifying the operation of the anti-pollution system which can continue its optimized operation in parallel;
-elle permet de refroidir les gaz d'échappement destinés à une recirculation et un retour vers le moteur selon le système EGR basse pression, pour protéger le compresseur 3 et améliorer le rendement de celui-ci. it allows to cool the exhaust gas intended for recirculation and a return to the engine according to the low pressure EGR system, to protect the compressor 3 and improve the efficiency thereof.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile comprenant un moteur (1 ), une ligne d'échappement (6) pour les gaz d'échappement et une voie de recirculation (1 1 ) possible des gaz d'échappement basse pression en entrée du compresseur (3) de la ligne d'admission des gaz vers le moteur, cette recirculation étant commandée par une vanne de recirculation (7 ; 7'), caractérisé en ce que le système comprend un échangeur de chaleur (19) sur la voie de recirculation (1 1 ), apte à récupérer la chaleur des gaz d'échappement.1. Heating system for a motor vehicle comprising a motor (1), an exhaust line (6) for the exhaust gas and a recirculation channel (1 1) possible for the low-pressure exhaust gas at the inlet of the compressor (3) of the gas inlet line to the engine, this recirculation being controlled by a recirculation valve (7; 7 '), characterized in that the system comprises a heat exchanger (19) on the recirculation channel (1 1), able to recover the heat of the exhaust gas.
2. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première vanne deux voies (7) vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement afin de piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement basse pression et une seconde vanne deux voies (18) sur la voie de recirculation (1 1 ) afin d'affiner le taux de recirculation de gaz d'échappement.2. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a first two-way valve (7) to the outlet of the exhaust line to control the low exhaust gas recirculation rate. pressure and a second two-way valve (18) on the recirculation path (1 1) to refine the rate of recirculation of exhaust gas.
3. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tuyau (20) en parallèle de l'échangeur de chaleur (19), permettant d'orienter tout ou partie des gaz d'échappement en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur (19) vers la sortie (16) de la ligne d'échappement (6).3. heating system for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a pipe (20) in parallel with the heat exchanger (19), for guiding all or part of the exhaust gas in downstream of the heat exchanger (19) to the outlet (16) of the exhaust line (6).
4. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première vanne deux voies (7) vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement afin de piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement basse pression vers la voie de recirculation (1 1 ), une seconde vanne deux voies (18) sur la voie de recirculation vers l'entrée du compresseur (3) afin d'affiner le taux de recirculation de gaz d'échappement et une troisième vanne deux voies (17) positionnée en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur (19) sur le tuyau (20) afin d'orienter ou non une certaine quantité de gaz en sortie de l'échangeur (19) directement vers la sortie (16) de l'échappement.4. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a first two-way valve (7) to the outlet of the exhaust line to control the low exhaust gas recirculation rate. pressure to the recirculation channel (1 1), a second two-way valve (18) on the recirculation path to the inlet of the compressor (3) in order to refine the rate of exhaust gas recirculation and a third two-way valve (17) positioned downstream of the heat exchanger (19) on the pipe (20) to orient or not a certain quantity of gas at the outlet of the exchanger (19) directly to the outlet (16) of the exhaust.
5. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première vanne trois voies (7') vers la sortie de la ligne d'échappement afin de piloter le taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement basse pression vers la voie de recirculation (1 1 ) et une seconde vanne trois voies (18') en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur (19) sur la voie de recirculation (1 1 ) au croisement du tuyau (20) et de la voie de retour vers l'admission du moteur afin d'orienter ou non une certaine quantité de gaz en sortie de l'échangeur (19) directement vers la sortie (16) de l'échappement.5. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a first three-way valve (7 ') to the outlet of the exhaust line to control the exhaust gas recirculation rate. low pressure to the recirculation path (1 1) and a second three-way valve (18 ') downstream of the heat exchanger (19) on the recirculation path (1 1) at the intersection of the pipe (20) and the return path to the engine inlet to or not direct a certain amount of gas output of the exchanger (19) directly to the outlet (16) of the exhaust.
6. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (19) est monté en parallèle de systèmes de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement comme un filtre à particules (22).6. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger (19) is connected in parallel with exhaust after-treatment systems such as a particulate filter (22). ).
7. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (19) est un échangeur gaz d'échappement - liquide qui permet de chauffer le liquide de refroidissement et en ce qu'il comprend un aérotherme apte à chauffer l'air entrant dans l'habitacle du véhicule automobile et / ou un échangeur liquide - huile pour chauffer l'huile du moteur et/ou de la boîte de vitesse.Motor vehicle heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger (19) is an exhaust gas-liquid exchanger for heating the cooling liquid and in that it comprises a heater adapted to heat the air entering the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle and / or a liquid-oil exchanger for heating the engine oil and / or the gearbox.
8. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un capteur de température du liquide de refroidissement en sortie du moteur et un capteur de température de l'air de l'habitacle.8. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a temperature sensor coolant output of the engine and a sensor of air temperature of the passenger compartment.
9. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen apte à décaler l'injection d'une partie du carburant dans le moteur afin d'augmenter l'enthalpie des gaz d'échappement.9. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a means adapted to shift the injection of a portion of the fuel in the engine to increase the enthalpy of the gases d 'exhaust.
10. Système de chauffage pour véhicule automobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un EGR haute pression (12).10. Heating system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a high pressure EGR (12).
1 1. Véhicule automobile comprenant un système de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10.1. Motor vehicle comprising a heating system according to one of claims 1 to 10.
12. Procédé de régulation de la température de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape initiale de montée en température dans laquelle la température d'eau en sortie du moteur est relativement basse et la température de l'habitacle n'a pas encore atteint la température recherchée, dans laquelle une première vanne (7 ; 7') dirige les gaz d'échappement basse pression vers un échangeur de chaleur (19) pour chauffer l'habitacle en récupérant de la chaleur provenant des gaz d'échappement basse pression et dans laquelle au moins une deuxième vanne (18 ; 17, 18 ; 18') oriente au moins partiellement l'échappement des gaz en sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur (19) directement vers l'extérieur en sortie (16) de la ligne d'échappement (6).12. A method for regulating the temperature of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises an initial step of temperature rise in which the water temperature at the outlet of the engine is relatively low. and the temperature of the passenger compartment has not yet reached the desired temperature, in which a first valve (7; 7 ') directs the low-pressure exhaust gases to a heat exchanger (19) for heating the passenger compartment recovering heat from the low-pressure exhaust gas and wherein at least one second valve (18; 17,18; 18 ') at least partially orients the exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger (19) directly outwardly at the outlet (16) of the exhaust line (6).
13. Procédé de régulation de la température de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une phase dans laquelle une partie des gaz d'échappement en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur (19) est directement orientée vers l'extérieur en sortie (16) de la ligne d'échappement (6) alors que l'autre partie est orientée vers l'admission du moteur afin de diminuer l'émission de gaz polluants. 13. A method for regulating the temperature of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a phase in which part of the exhaust gas downstream of the heat exchanger (19) is directly outwardly directed at the outlet (16) of the exhaust line (6) while the other part is geared towards the intake of the engine in order to reduce the emission of gaseous pollutants.
EP08775651A 2007-02-27 2008-02-26 Low-pressure egr exhaust gas circuit incorporating cabin heating Withdrawn EP2125403A1 (en)

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PCT/FR2008/050320 WO2008125762A1 (en) 2007-02-27 2008-02-26 Low-pressure egr exhaust gas circuit incorporating cabin heating

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