WO2021116539A1 - Installation and method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid - Google Patents

Installation and method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021116539A1
WO2021116539A1 PCT/FR2019/052967 FR2019052967W WO2021116539A1 WO 2021116539 A1 WO2021116539 A1 WO 2021116539A1 FR 2019052967 W FR2019052967 W FR 2019052967W WO 2021116539 A1 WO2021116539 A1 WO 2021116539A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
heat exchanger
fluid
liquid
installation according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2019/052967
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Marc Bernhardt
Golo Zick
Original Assignee
L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to PCT/FR2019/052967 priority Critical patent/WO2021116539A1/en
Publication of WO2021116539A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021116539A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0115—Single phase dense or supercritical, i.e. at high pressure and high density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/041—Stratification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/061—Fluid distribution for supply of supplying vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/40—Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • 1 / invention relates to an installation and a method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid.
  • 1 / invention relates more particularly to an installation for the storage and distribution of cryogenic liquid, in particular of liquefied hydrogen, comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank for the storage of a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase, a device for refrigeration of the fluid contained in the reservoir, the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit provided with a heat exchanger located in the lower part of the reservoir and a refrigerator for cooling the refrigerant fluid.
  • the invention relates in particular to a device for storing cryogenic liquid (liquefied gas) which is subcooled and maintained under pressure for its distribution.
  • cryogenic liquid liquefied gas
  • a known method of maintaining the pressure in such a reservoir is to inject hot gas into the gaseous (upper) part of the reservoir (when the pressure drops).
  • This gas is often liquid taken from the bottom of the tank and reheated (atmospheric exchanger) before being injected into the upper part of the latter.
  • the downside of this method is that it generates an additional heat input which enters the storage and which will then have to be compensated either by a liquefier which supplies the storage with liquid, or via a discharge to the outside in the form of a "boil-off" (vaporization gas) when the pressure will rise again.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
  • the installation according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the refrigeration device comprises a mechanism for moving and vertical positioning of the device. heat exchanger in the tank from among a plurality of determined vertical positions.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: the refrigerant fluid is circulated in the heat exchanger and has a temperature lower than the temperature of the fluid in the reservoir,
  • the fluid in the tank is hydrogen and in that the coolant is helium, - the heat exchanger is positioned vertically at a position dependent on the level of liquid in the tank,
  • the heat exchanger is maintained at a determined distance from the interface between the gas phase and the liquid phase to ensure stratification of the liquid phase between this interface and the heat exchanger
  • the mechanism for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger in the tank comprises at least one of: one or more connected floats ( s) at the heat exchanger, an articulated and / or flexible portion of the circuit located in the tank, the mechanism for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger in the tank comprises at least one float consisting of a pipe the circuit supplying the heat exchanger and a system for inflating or deflating said pipe with a gas such as helium,
  • the fluid stored in the reservoir is maintained in a supercritical state.
  • the invention also relates to a method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, using an installation comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank for storage. a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase, a device for refrigerating the fluid contained in the tank, the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit provided with a heat exchanger located in the lower part of the tank and a refrigerator cooling the refrigerant, the heat exchanger being movable and vertically in the tank among a plurality of determined vertical positions.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
  • the installation 1 for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank 2, for example, for the storage of a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase.
  • the tank is a jacketed tank with a vacuum between the two jackets.
  • the reservoir 2 is provided with at least one pipe 8 for withdrawing liquid.
  • the installation 1 conventionally comprises a device for refrigerating the fluid contained in the reservoir 2.
  • the refrigeration device comprises a refrigerant fluid circuit 3 (in particular a loop) provided with a heat exchanger 4 housed in the lower part of the reservoir 2
  • the refrigeration device further comprises a refrigerator 4 (preferably outside the tank 4) ensuring the cooling of the refrigerant which is circulated in the circuit 3 and in particular in the heat exchanger 4 (for example via an equivalent oi pump).
  • the refrigeration device comprises a mechanism 9 allowing the movement and vertical positioning of the heat exchanger 4 in the tank 2 among a plurality of determined vertical positions. That is to say, the heat exchanger 4 is movably mounted in the tank 2.
  • the heat exchanger 4 is placed in the lower part (in the liquid phase) of the tank 2 and can be positioned at a sufficient distance from the liquid-vapor interface in order to maintain a stratification of the liquid between this surface and the exchanger. 4 heat.
  • This stratification makes it possible to keep the liquid sub-cooled between the heat exchanger 4 and the lower part of the tank while maintaining a liquid-vapor balance at the gas-liquid interface and therefore to maintain the pressure in the tank 2.
  • a refrigerant that is colder than the fluid contained in the tank 2 can be circulated in the heat exchanger 4. In this way, it is possible to reduce the temperature of the stored liquid below its equilibrium temperature.
  • helium can be used as a refrigerant fluid.
  • the quantity of liquid located below the level of the heat exchanger 4 will be cooled by natural convection.
  • the part of liquid located above the heat exchanger 4 will stratify between the sub-cooled temperature and the equilibrium temperature with the vapor phase at the liquid / vapor interface (this equilibrium temperature depending on the pressure in the tank 2).
  • the vertical position of the heat exchanger 4 can be controlled automatically as a function of the liquid level in the tank 2 in order to maintain only a determined minimum distance of stratification between the heat exchanger 4 and the surface of the liquid. For example, this distance can be between 15cm and several meters and preferably between 20cm and one meter. This makes it possible to maximize the volume of sub-cooled liquid (at and above the heat exchanger 4).
  • a control member 6 comprising a computer or a microprocessor can control and control the vertical position of the heat exchanger 4.
  • This control member 6 can optionally also control the pressure and / or the temperature in the tank and in particular the refrigeration device 5.
  • the heat exchanger 4 3 can be connected to the circuit 3 via flexible and / or flexible pipes in order to allow its displacement in the liquid as a function of the liquid level.
  • the positioning of the heat exchanger 4 can be achieved for example via one or more floats 7 connected to the heat exchanger 4.
  • the float 7 In the case of a tank 2 storing hydrogen, due to the density of the liquid hydrogen (approximately 70 kg / m3), the float 7 must have a lower density to allow its function. Low pressure helium makes it possible to be less than this density (between 2 and 5 kg / m3) at this temperature.
  • the supply / distribution pipes of the heat exchanger 4 can also act as float (s). For this, the latter can have a diameter and a mass optimized for this purpose.
  • the fluid stored in the reservoir 2 can, if necessary, be maintained in supercritical form (that is to say in a thermodynamic state beyond critical pressures and temperatures).
  • the designations "liquid” and “gas” are less relevant and can be replaced “high density fluid” and “lower density fluid”.

Abstract

Installation for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank (2) for storing a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gas phase, a refrigeration device for the fluid contained in the tank (2), the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit (3) provided with a heat exchanger (4) situated in the lower part of the tank (2) and a refrigerator (5) for cooling the refrigerant, characterized in that the refrigeration device comprises a mechanism (7, 9) for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger (4) in the tank in one of a plurality of determined vertical positions.

Description

Installation et procédé de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique Installation and method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid
1/ invention concerne une installation et un procédé de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique. 1 / invention relates to an installation and a method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid.
1/ invention concerne plus particulièrement une installation de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique, notamment d'hydrogène liquéfié, comprenant un réservoir cryogénique isolé thermiquement pour le stockage d'un gaz liquéfié en équilibre avec une phase gazeuse, un dispositif de réfrigération du fluide contenu dans le réservoir, le dispositif de réfrigération comprenant un circuit de fluide réfrigérant muni d'un échangeur de chaleur situé dans la partie inférieure du réservoir et un réfrigérateur de refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant. 1 / invention relates more particularly to an installation for the storage and distribution of cryogenic liquid, in particular of liquefied hydrogen, comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank for the storage of a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase, a device for refrigeration of the fluid contained in the reservoir, the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit provided with a heat exchanger located in the lower part of the reservoir and a refrigerator for cooling the refrigerant fluid.
L'invention concerne notamment un dispositif de stockage de liquide cryogénique (gaz liquéfié) qui est sous refroidi et maintenu sous pression pour sa distribution. The invention relates in particular to a device for storing cryogenic liquid (liquefied gas) which is subcooled and maintained under pressure for its distribution.
Ces conditions peuvent être intéressantes pour densifier un liquide tout en restant au-dessus de la pression atmosphérique ou à une pression suffisante pour effectuer le transfert du liquide vers un autre réservoir par différence de pression. These conditions can be advantageous for densifying a liquid while remaining above atmospheric pressure or at a pressure sufficient to effect the transfer of the liquid to another reservoir by pressure difference.
Il est généralement malaisé de maintenir la pression du fluide dans un tel réservoir alors que la température du liquide est sous la température d'équilibre avec la vapeur à cette pression (liquide sous-refroidi). It is generally difficult to maintain the pressure of the fluid in such a reservoir while the temperature of the liquid is below the equilibrium temperature with the vapor at this pressure (sub-cooled liquid).
Une méthode connue pour maintenir la pression dans un tel réservoir est d'injecter du gaz chaud dans la partie gazeuse (supérieure) du réservoir (quand la pression baisse). Ce gaz est souvent du liquide prélevé dans le fond du réservoir et réchauffé (échangeur atmosphérique) avant d'être injecter dans la partie haute de celui-ci. L'inconvénient de cette méthode est qu'elle génère un apport de chaleur supplémentaire qui rentre dans le stockage et qu'il faudra ensuite compenser soit par un liquéfacteur qui alimente le stockage avec du liquide, soit via un rejet vers l'extérieur sous forme de « boil-off » (gaz de vaporisation) lorsque la pression va à nouveau augmenter. A known method of maintaining the pressure in such a reservoir is to inject hot gas into the gaseous (upper) part of the reservoir (when the pressure drops). This gas is often liquid taken from the bottom of the tank and reheated (atmospheric exchanger) before being injected into the upper part of the latter. The downside of this method is that it generates an additional heat input which enters the storage and which will then have to be compensated either by a liquefier which supplies the storage with liquid, or via a discharge to the outside in the form of a "boil-off" (vaporization gas) when the pressure will rise again.
Une autre méthode connue afin de limiter la pression (quand celle-ci augmente) dans un tel réservoir est d'ajouter un échangeur de chaleur dans la partie gazeuse et/ou liquide de ce réservoir. Cet échangeur, alimenté en fluide de refroidissement, permet de refroidir et condenser les vapeurs avec une source de froid extérieure (réfrigérateur tel qu'une tête froide d'un cryo-refroidissement Gifford-Mac Mahon, un cycle frigorifique, ...). Cf. EP2772677A. Another known method for limiting the pressure (when it increases) in such a tank is to add a heat exchanger in the gaseous and / or liquid part of this tank. This exchanger, supplied with cooling fluid, allows the vapors to be cooled and condensed with an external cold source (refrigerator such as a cold head of a Gifford-Mac Mahon cryo-cooling, a refrigeration cycle, etc.). See EP2772677A.
Les solutions connues ne permettent pas de maximiser les conditions et la quantité de gaz liquéfié sous refroidi. The known solutions do not make it possible to maximize the conditions and the quantity of liquefied gas under cooled.
Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus. An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, l'installation selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de réfrigération comprend un mécanisme de déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur de chaleur dans le réservoir parmi une pluralité de positions verticales déterminées. To this end, the installation according to the invention, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the refrigeration device comprises a mechanism for moving and vertical positioning of the device. heat exchanger in the tank from among a plurality of determined vertical positions.
Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : le fluide réfrigérant est mis en circulation dans l'échangeur de chaleur et a une température inférieure à la température du fluide dans le réservoir, Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: the refrigerant fluid is circulated in the heat exchanger and has a temperature lower than the temperature of the fluid in the reservoir,
- le fluide dans le réservoir est de l'hydrogène et en ce que le fluide réfrigérant est de l'hélium, - l'échangeur de chaleur est positionné verticalement à une position dépendante du niveau de liquide dans le réservoir,- the fluid in the tank is hydrogen and in that the coolant is helium, - the heat exchanger is positioned vertically at a position dependent on the level of liquid in the tank,
- l'échangeur de chaleur est maintenu constamment immergé dans la phase liquide contenue dans le réservoir, - the heat exchanger is kept constantly immersed in the liquid phase contained in the tank,
- l'échangeur de chaleur est maintenu à une distance déterminée de l'interface entre la phase gazeuse et la phase liquide pour assurer stratification de la phase liquide entre cette interface et l'échangeur de chaleur, - the heat exchanger is maintained at a determined distance from the interface between the gas phase and the liquid phase to ensure stratification of the liquid phase between this interface and the heat exchanger,
- la pression dans le réservoir est maintenue constante dans un intervalle de pression déterminé et en ce que la température de la phase liquide dans le réservoir est maintenue sous la température d'équilibre avec la vapeur à ladite pression déterminée, la température du liquide dans le réservoir est maintenue sous la température d'équilibre liquide-gaz dudit fluide à la pression déterminée, le mécanisme de déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur de chaleur dans le réservoir comprend au moins l'un parmi : un ou des flotteurs relié (s) à l'échangeur de chaleur, une portion articulée et/ou flexible du circuit située dans le réservoir, le mécanisme de déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur de chaleur dans le réservoir comprend au moins un flotteur constitué d'une conduite du circuit alimentant l'échangeur de chaleur et un système de gonflage ou de dégonflage de ladite conduite avec un gaz tel que de 1'hélium, - the pressure in the tank is kept constant within a determined pressure interval and in that the temperature of the liquid phase in the tank is maintained under the equilibrium temperature with the vapor at said determined pressure, the temperature of the liquid in the tank tank is maintained under the liquid-gas equilibrium temperature of said fluid at the determined pressure, the mechanism for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger in the tank comprises at least one of: one or more connected floats ( s) at the heat exchanger, an articulated and / or flexible portion of the circuit located in the tank, the mechanism for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger in the tank comprises at least one float consisting of a pipe the circuit supplying the heat exchanger and a system for inflating or deflating said pipe with a gas such as helium,
- le fluide stocké dans le réservoir est maintenu dans un état supercritique. - the fluid stored in the reservoir is maintained in a supercritical state.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique, notamment de d'hydrogène liquéfié, utilisant une installation comprenant un réservoir cryogénique isolé thermiquement pour le stockage d'un gaz liquéfié en équilibre avec une phase gazeuse, un dispositif de réfrigération du fluide contenu dans le réservoir, le dispositif de réfrigération comprenant un circuit de fluide réfrigérant muni d'un échangeur de chaleur situé dans la partie inférieure du réservoir et un réfrigérateur de refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant, le l'échangeur de chaleur étant déplaçable et verticalement dans le réservoir parmi une pluralité de positions verticales déterminées. The invention also relates to a method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, using an installation comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank for storage. a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase, a device for refrigerating the fluid contained in the tank, the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit provided with a heat exchanger located in the lower part of the tank and a refrigerator cooling the refrigerant, the heat exchanger being movable and vertically in the tank among a plurality of determined vertical positions.
L'invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous dans le cadre des revendications . The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence à la figure unique qui représente une vue schématique et partielle illustrant la structure et le fonctionnement d'un exemple de réalisation d'une installation selon l'invention. Other features and advantages will become apparent on reading the description below, made with reference to the single figure which represents a schematic and partial view illustrating the structure and the operation of an exemplary embodiment of an installation according to invention.
L'installation 1 de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique, notamment de d'hydrogène liquéfié, comprenant un réservoir 2 cryogénique isolé thermiquement exemple pour le stockage d'un gaz liquéfié en équilibre avec une phase gazeuse. Par exemple, le réservoir est un réservoir à double enveloppe avec un vide entre les deux enveloppes. Classiquement le réservoir 2 est muni au moins d'une conduite 8 de soutirage de liquide. The installation 1 for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank 2, for example, for the storage of a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase. For example, the tank is a jacketed tank with a vacuum between the two jackets. Conventionally, the reservoir 2 is provided with at least one pipe 8 for withdrawing liquid.
L'installation 1 comprend classiquement un dispositif de réfrigération du fluide contenu dans le réservoir 2. Le dispositif de réfrigération comprend un circuit 3 de fluide réfrigérant (notamment une boucle) muni d'un échangeur de chaleur 4 logé dans la partie inférieure du réservoir 2. Le dispositif de réfrigération comprend en outre un réfrigérateur 4 (de préférence extérieur au réservoir 4) assurant le refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant qui est mis en circulation dans le circuit 3 et notamment dans l'échangeur 4 de chaleur (par exemple via une pompe oi équivalent). The installation 1 conventionally comprises a device for refrigerating the fluid contained in the reservoir 2. The refrigeration device comprises a refrigerant fluid circuit 3 (in particular a loop) provided with a heat exchanger 4 housed in the lower part of the reservoir 2 The refrigeration device further comprises a refrigerator 4 (preferably outside the tank 4) ensuring the cooling of the refrigerant which is circulated in the circuit 3 and in particular in the heat exchanger 4 (for example via an equivalent oi pump).
Selon une particularité avantageuse, le dispositif de réfrigération comprend un mécanisme 9 permettant le déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur dans le réservoir 2 parmi une pluralité de positions verticales déterminées. C'est-à-dire que l'échangeur 4 de chaleur est monté de façon mobile dans le réservoir 2. According to an advantageous feature, the refrigeration device comprises a mechanism 9 allowing the movement and vertical positioning of the heat exchanger 4 in the tank 2 among a plurality of determined vertical positions. That is to say, the heat exchanger 4 is movably mounted in the tank 2.
L'échangeur 4 de chaleur est disposé dans la partie basse (dans la phase liquide) du réservoir 2 et peut être positionné à une distance suffisante de l'interface liquide-vapeur afin de conserver une stratification du liquide entre cette surface et l'échangeur 4 de chaleur. The heat exchanger 4 is placed in the lower part (in the liquid phase) of the tank 2 and can be positioned at a sufficient distance from the liquid-vapor interface in order to maintain a stratification of the liquid between this surface and the exchanger. 4 heat.
Cette stratification permet de garder le liquide sous- refroidi entre l'échangeur 4 de chaleur et la partie basse du réservoir tout en conservant un équilibre liquide-vapeur à l'interface gaz-liquide et donc de conserver la pression dans le réservoir 2. This stratification makes it possible to keep the liquid sub-cooled between the heat exchanger 4 and the lower part of the tank while maintaining a liquid-vapor balance at the gas-liquid interface and therefore to maintain the pressure in the tank 2.
Un fluide réfrigérant plus froid que le fluide contenu dans le réservoir 2 peut être mis en circulation dans l'échangeur 4 de chaleur. De cette façon, il est possible de réduire la température du liquide stocké sous sa température d'équilibre. Dans le cas d'un stockage d'hydrogène, de l'hélium peut être utilisé comme fluide réfrigérant. A refrigerant that is colder than the fluid contained in the tank 2 can be circulated in the heat exchanger 4. In this way, it is possible to reduce the temperature of the stored liquid below its equilibrium temperature. In the case of hydrogen storage, helium can be used as a refrigerant fluid.
La quantité de liquide se trouvant sous le niveau de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur va se refroidir par convection naturelle. La partie de liquide se trouvant au-dessus de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur va se stratifier entre la température sous-refroidie et la température d'équilibre avec la phase vapeur à l'interface liquide/vapeur (cette température d'équilibre dépendant de la pression dans le réservoir 2). La position verticale de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur peut être commandée automatiquement en fonction du niveau de liquide dans le réservoir 2 pour conserver uniquement une distance minimale déterminée de stratification entre l'échangeur 4 de chaleur et la surface du liquide. Par exemple cette distance peut être comprise entre 15cm et plusieurs mètres et de préférence entre 20cm et un mètre. Ceci permet de maximiser le volume de liquide sous-refroidi (au niveau et en dessus de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur). The quantity of liquid located below the level of the heat exchanger 4 will be cooled by natural convection. The part of liquid located above the heat exchanger 4 will stratify between the sub-cooled temperature and the equilibrium temperature with the vapor phase at the liquid / vapor interface (this equilibrium temperature depending on the pressure in the tank 2). The vertical position of the heat exchanger 4 can be controlled automatically as a function of the liquid level in the tank 2 in order to maintain only a determined minimum distance of stratification between the heat exchanger 4 and the surface of the liquid. For example, this distance can be between 15cm and several meters and preferably between 20cm and one meter. This makes it possible to maximize the volume of sub-cooled liquid (at and above the heat exchanger 4).
Par exemple, un organe 6 de contrôle comprenant un ordinateur ou un microprocesseur peut piloter et commander la position verticale de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur. Cet organe 6 de contrôle peut éventuellement contrôler également la pression et/ou la température dans le réservoir et notamment le dispositif 5 de réfrigération. For example, a control member 6 comprising a computer or a microprocessor can control and control the vertical position of the heat exchanger 4. This control member 6 can optionally also control the pressure and / or the temperature in the tank and in particular the refrigeration device 5.
Pour permettre son déplacement vertical, l'échangeur 4 de chaleur 3 peut être relié au circuit 3 via des tuyauteries souples et/ou flexible afin de permettre son déplacement dans le liquide en fonction du niveau de liquide. To allow its vertical displacement, the heat exchanger 4 3 can be connected to the circuit 3 via flexible and / or flexible pipes in order to allow its displacement in the liquid as a function of the liquid level.
Le positionnement de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur peut être réalisé par exemple via un ou des flotteurs 7 reliés à l'échangeur 4 de chaleur. Dans le cas d'un réservoir 2 stockant de l'hydrogène, du fait de la densité de l'hydrogène liquide (environ 70 kg/m3), le flotteur 7 devra avoir une densité plus faible pour permettre sa fonction. L'hélium sous faible pression permet d'être inférieur à cette densité (entre 2 et 5 kg/m3) à cette température. Les tuyaux d'alimentation/distribution de l'échangeur 4 de chaleur peuvent également faire office de flotteur(s). Pour cela ces derniers peuvent avoir un diamètre et une masse optimisées dans ce but. The positioning of the heat exchanger 4 can be achieved for example via one or more floats 7 connected to the heat exchanger 4. In the case of a tank 2 storing hydrogen, due to the density of the liquid hydrogen (approximately 70 kg / m3), the float 7 must have a lower density to allow its function. Low pressure helium makes it possible to be less than this density (between 2 and 5 kg / m3) at this temperature. The supply / distribution pipes of the heat exchanger 4 can also act as float (s). For this, the latter can have a diameter and a mass optimized for this purpose.
Le fluide stocké dans le réservoir 2 peut le cas échéant être maintenu sous forme supercritique (c'est-à-dire dans un état thermodynamique au-delà des pression et températures critiques). Dans ce cas les désignations « liquide » et « gaz » sont moins pertinentes et peuvent être remplacées « fluide à grande densité » et « fluide à densité plus faible ». The fluid stored in the reservoir 2 can, if necessary, be maintained in supercritical form (that is to say in a thermodynamic state beyond critical pressures and temperatures). In this case the designations "liquid" and "gas" are less relevant and can be replaced "high density fluid" and "lower density fluid".

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1.Installation de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique, notamment d'hydrogène liquéfié, comprenant un réservoir (2) cryogénique isolé thermiquement pour le stockage d'un gaz liquéfié en équilibre avec une phase gazeuse, un dispositif de réfrigération du fluide contenu dans le réservoir (2), le dispositif de réfrigération comprenant un circuit (3) de fluide réfrigérant muni d'un échangeur de chaleur (4) situé dans la partie inférieure du réservoir (2) et un réfrigérateur (5) de refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de réfrigération comprend un mécanisme (7, 9) de déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur de chaleur (4) dans le réservoir parmi une pluralité de positions verticales déterminées. 1.Installation for the storage and distribution of cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank (2) for the storage of a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase, a device for refrigeration of the fluid contained in the reservoir (2), the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit (3) provided with a heat exchanger (4) located in the lower part of the reservoir (2) and a refrigerator (5) for cooling the refrigerant fluid , characterized in that the refrigeration device comprises a mechanism (7, 9) for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger (4) in the tank among a plurality of determined vertical positions.
2.Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le fluide réfrigérant est mis en circulation dans l'échangeur (4) de chaleur et a une température inférieure à la température du fluide dans le réservoir (2). 2.Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigerant fluid is circulated in the heat exchanger (4) and has a temperature below the temperature of the fluid in the reservoir (2).
3.Installation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le fluide dans le réservoir (2) est de l'hydrogène et en ce que le fluide réfrigérant est de 1'hélium. 3.Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fluid in the reservoir (2) is hydrogen and in that the coolant is helium.
4.Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur (4) de chaleur est positionné verticalement à une position dépendante du niveau de liquide dans le réservoir (2). 4.Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger (4) is positioned vertically at a position dependent on the liquid level in the tank (2).
5.Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (4) est maintenu constamment immergé dans la phase liquide contenue dans le réservoir (2). 5.Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger (4) is kept constantly immersed in the liquid phase contained in the tank (2).
6.Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur (4) de chaleur est maintenu à une distance déterminée de l'interface entre la phase gazeuse et la phase liquide pour assurer stratification de la phase liquide entre cette interface et l'échangeur (4) de chaleur. 6.Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger (4) is maintained at a determined distance from the interface between the gas phase and the liquid phase to ensure stratification of the phase. liquid between this interface and the heat exchanger (4).
7.Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la pression dans le réservoir (2) est maintenue constante dans un intervalle de pression déterminé et en ce que la température de la phase liquide dans le réservoir (2) est maintenue sous la température d'équilibre avec la vapeur à ladite pression déterminée. 7.Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure in the tank (2) is kept constant within a determined pressure range and in that the temperature of the liquid phase in the tank (2) ) is maintained under the equilibrium temperature with the steam at said determined pressure.
8.Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la température du liquide dans le réservoir (2) est maintenue sous la température d'équilibre liquide-gaz dudit fluide à la pression déterminée. 8.Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid in the reservoir (2) is maintained under the liquid-gas equilibrium temperature of said fluid at the determined pressure.
9.Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le mécanisme (7, 9) de déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur de chaleur (4) dans le réservoir comprend au moins l'un parmi : un ou des flotteurs (7) relié (s) à l'échangeur (4) de chaleur, une portion (9) articulée et/ou flexible du circuit (3) située dans le réservoir (2). 9. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mechanism (7, 9) for moving and vertically positioning the heat exchanger (4) in the tank comprises at least one of : one or more floats (7) connected to the heat exchanger (4), an articulated and / or flexible portion (9) of the circuit (3) located in the tank (2).
10. Installation selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le mécanisme de déplacement et de positionnement vertical de l'échangeur de chaleur (4) dans le réservoir comprend au moins un flotteur (7) constitué d'une conduite du circuit (3) alimentant l'échangeur (4) de chaleur et un système de gonflage ou de dégonflage de ladite conduite avec un gaz tel que de l'hélium. 10. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the mechanism for moving and vertical positioning of the heat exchanger (4) in the tank comprises at least one float (7) consisting of a pipe of the circuit (3) supplying the heat exchanger (4) and a system for inflating or deflating said pipe with a gas such as helium.
11. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le fluide stocké dans le réservoir (2) est maintenu dans un état supercritique . 11. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fluid stored in the reservoir (2) is maintained in a supercritical state.
12. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le fluide dans le réservoir (2) est de l'oxygène, de l'azote, du méthane ou du gaz naturel et en ce que le fluide réfrigérant est un fluide plus léger que le fluide contenu dans le réservoir. 12. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the fluid in the reservoir (2) is oxygen, nitrogen, methane or natural gas and in that the refrigerant fluid is a lighter fluid than the fluid contained in the reservoir.
13. Procédé de stockage et de distribution de liquide cryogénique, notamment de d'hydrogène liquéfié, utilisant une installation comprenant un réservoir (2) cryogénique isolé thermiquement pour le stockage d'un gaz liquéfié en équilibre avec une phase gazeuse, un dispositif de réfrigération du fluide contenu dans le réservoir (2), le dispositif de réfrigération comprenant un circuit (3) de fluide réfrigérant muni d'un échangeur de chaleur (4) situé dans la partie inférieure du réservoir (2) et un réfrigérateur (4) de refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant, caractérisée en ce que le l'échangeur (4) de chaleur est déplaçable et verticalement dans le réservoir (2) parmi une pluralité de positions verticales déterminées. 13. Method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, using an installation comprising a thermally insulated cryogenic tank (2) for the storage of a liquefied gas in equilibrium with a gaseous phase, a refrigeration device of the fluid contained in the tank (2), the refrigeration device comprising a refrigerant circuit (3) provided with a heat exchanger (4) located in the lower part of the tank (2) and a refrigerator (4) of cooling of the refrigerant fluid, characterized in that the heat exchanger (4) is movable and vertically in the tank (2) among a plurality of determined vertical positions.
PCT/FR2019/052967 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Installation and method for storing and distributing cryogenic liquid WO2021116539A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098362A (en) * 1959-11-04 1963-07-23 Sohda Yoshitoshi Container vessel for storage and transportation of liquefied natural gases
US20060053165A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Nitrocision L.L.C. System and method for delivering cryogenic fluid
FR2951242A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-15 Air Liquide Supplying sub-cooled cryogenic liquid from a reservoir to a consumer equipment, comprises placing a liquid nitrogen bath in a heat exchanger immersed in a bath of (non)cryogenic liquid, and controlling the bath at a predetermined level
EP2772677A2 (en) 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 Chart Industries, Inc. Bulk cryogenic liquid pressurized dispensing system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098362A (en) * 1959-11-04 1963-07-23 Sohda Yoshitoshi Container vessel for storage and transportation of liquefied natural gases
US20060053165A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Nitrocision L.L.C. System and method for delivering cryogenic fluid
FR2951242A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-15 Air Liquide Supplying sub-cooled cryogenic liquid from a reservoir to a consumer equipment, comprises placing a liquid nitrogen bath in a heat exchanger immersed in a bath of (non)cryogenic liquid, and controlling the bath at a predetermined level
EP2772677A2 (en) 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 Chart Industries, Inc. Bulk cryogenic liquid pressurized dispensing system and method

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