WO2021109631A1 - Lightning withstand level testing method for power transmission line of cross-shaped grounding device - Google Patents
Lightning withstand level testing method for power transmission line of cross-shaped grounding device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021109631A1 WO2021109631A1 PCT/CN2020/111679 CN2020111679W WO2021109631A1 WO 2021109631 A1 WO2021109631 A1 WO 2021109631A1 CN 2020111679 W CN2020111679 W CN 2020111679W WO 2021109631 A1 WO2021109631 A1 WO 2021109631A1
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- soil resistivity
- insulator string
- tower
- lightning
- transmission line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1245—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of line insulators or spacers, e.g. ceramic overhead line cap insulators; of insulators in HV bushings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of lightning measurement and protection, and more specifically, to a method for testing the lightning resistance level of a transmission line of a cross-type grounding device.
- Lightning resistance level is a key reference index for lightning protection projects. Due to the lack of reliable transmission line lightning resistance level indicators, the existing lightning protection measures often have a certain degree of blindness. In order to accurately collect lightning parameters and improve line lightning protection performance For accurate evaluation, there is an urgent need for an intelligent evaluation system and method for the lightning resistance level of the power transmission system.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device, which includes building a more accurate lightning resistance level test platform of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device.
- Construction of a cross-type grounding device lightning resistance level test platform for transmission lines including wireless current sensors, impulse voltage generators, control and measurement analysis systems, tower one, tower two, tower three, coaxial cable, lightning protection line one, lightning protection line 2.
- the lightning protection wire 1 and the lightning protection wire 2 respectively connect the tower 1, the tower 2 and the tower 3.
- the impulse voltage generator is connected to the top of the tower 1 via a coaxial cable, and the wireless current sensor is fixed on the side close to the tower On the coaxial cable.
- the first tower includes a tower main body, an insulator string A1, an insulator string B1, an insulator string C1, a sand pool, a grounding device, and a grounding lead, wherein the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1 are respectively connected
- the main body of the tower is connected to the phase A transmission line, the phase B transmission line, and the phase C transmission line.
- the main body of the tower is connected to the grounding device through the grounding lead, and the grounding device is buried deep in the sand pool.
- the pond is filled with test soil.
- the second pole tower includes the second tower main body, the insulator string A2, the insulator string B2, the insulator string C2, the second grounding device, and the second ground lead, wherein the insulator string A2, the insulator string B2, and the insulator string C2 are respectively connected to the second tower main body With the A-phase power transmission line, the B-phase power transmission line and the C-phase power transmission line, the two tower feet of the main body of the tower are connected to the second grounding device through the second grounding lead.
- the three towers include tower main body three, insulator string A3, insulator string B3, insulator string C3, grounding device three, and grounding lead three, wherein insulator string A3, insulator string B3 and insulator string C3 are respectively connected to tower main body three With the A-phase transmission line, the B-phase transmission line and the C-phase transmission line, the three tower legs of the main body of the pole are connected to the grounding device three through the grounding lead three.
- control and measurement analysis system includes a host computer, a wireless module, a signal collector, a signal controller, a high-voltage differential probe one, a high-voltage differential probe two, and a high-voltage differential probe three, among which the high-voltage differential probe one and the high-voltage differential probe two , High-voltage differential probe three are respectively connected to the two ends of the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1, and upload the signal to the upper computer through the signal collector; the wireless module transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor to the upper computer; The machine changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator through the control signal controller.
- the test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device includes the following steps:
- the test is divided into five categories.
- For low soil resistivity areas change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond, starting from 10 ⁇ m, and taking one at every interval of 10 ⁇ m Soil resistivity, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity;
- For the medium soil resistivity area change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond, starting from 125 ⁇ m, every interval 25 ⁇ m Take a soil resistivity, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity;
- for the high soil resistivity area change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond, starting from 550 ⁇ m, every Take a soil resistivity at an interval of 50 ⁇ m, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity;
- for areas with higher soil resistivity change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond from 1050 ⁇ Beginning with m, take a soil resistivity every 50 ⁇ m,
- I is the theoretical value of the lightning protection level of the counterattack
- l is the geometric size
- L gt is the equivalent inductance of the tower
- ⁇ is the soil resistivity
- h d is the average height of the transmission wire
- U 50% is the flashover voltage of the insulator string
- ⁇ is the shunt coefficient
- K is the coupling coefficient after corona correction
- m is the error coefficient
- ⁇ is the integral variable
- S4 Use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the modeling of the theoretical calculation formula of the lightning resistance level, and calculate the value of m that minimizes the error between the actual measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level;
- step S5 Repeat step S4, and finally obtain the optimal value of the error coefficient m in the low soil resistivity area, the medium soil resistivity area, the high soil resistivity area, the higher soil resistivity area, and the extremely high soil resistivity area.
- They are m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , m 4 , and m 5 , which are substituted into formula (1) to obtain optimized theoretical formulas (2), (3), (4), (5), (6):
- I y is the theoretically calculated value of the optimized lightning protection level of the counterattack.
- step S1 is:
- the impulse voltage generator Turn on the impulse voltage generator, output the lightning voltage with amplitude U to the top of tower one, the wireless current sensor records the impulse current injected into the top of tower one, and wirelessly transmits it to the wireless module, and then to the host computer;
- the high-voltage differential probe 1, the high-voltage differential probe two, and the high-voltage differential probe three respectively measure the overvoltages of the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1, and transmit them to the host computer through the signal collector, and the host computer control signal controller is turned off Impulse voltage generator, and judge whether the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1 have flashover;
- step S4 is:
- g(m) represents the objective function
- I i is the theoretically calculated value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity
- I ci is the actual measured value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity
- n is the data set number
- step 5 If the stop condition is met, stop the search and output the search result, otherwise return to step 2);
- the invention can accurately test the lightning resistance level of lightning-struck transmission lines under high soil resistivity in mountainous areas; through the method of combining measurement and theory, the lightning resistance level formula is revised, and more reliable lightning protection engineering indicators can be obtained; through the upper computer Complete the main operation and control, the operation is convenient and intelligent, safe and reliable, and has universal applicability to the lightning resistance level test.
- Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the platform of the present invention.
- a cross-type grounding device transmission line lightning protection level test platform including wireless current sensor 7, impulse voltage generator 11, control and measurement analysis system 17, tower one 21, tower two 22, tower three 23 , Coaxial cable 24, lightning protection line 81, lightning protection line 82, A-phase transmission line 91, B-phase transmission line 92, C-phase transmission line 93;
- Lightning wire one 81 and lightning wire two 82 respectively connect tower one 21, tower two 22, and tower three 23.
- the impulse voltage generator 11 is connected to the top of tower one 21 via a coaxial cable 24, and the wireless current sensor 7Fixed on the coaxial cable 24 near the side of the tower;
- the tower one 21 includes the tower main body 101, the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132, the insulator string C1-133, the sand pool 5, the grounding device 61 and the grounding lead 161, in which the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132 and the insulator string C1-133 respectively connect the main body 101 of the tower to the phase A transmission line 91, the phase B transmission line 92 and the phase C transmission line 93.
- the main body of the tower 101 is connected to the ground via a ground lead 161.
- the first device 61 is connected, and the first grounding device 61 is deeply buried in the sand pool 5, and the sand pool 5 is filled with the test soil 18.
- the second tower 22 includes the second tower main body 102, the insulator string A2-141, the insulator string B2-142, the insulator string C2-143, the grounding device two 62, and the ground lead two 162, of which the insulator string A2-141, the insulator string B2-142 and The insulator string C2-143 respectively connects the second tower main body 102 with the A-phase transmission line 91, the B-phase transmission line 92 and the C-phase transmission line 93.
- the second tower main body 102 and the tower foot are connected to the second grounding device 62 via the second grounding lead 162. .
- Tower three 23 includes tower main body three 103, insulator string A3-151, insulator string B3-152, insulator string C3-153, grounding device three 63, and grounding lead three 163, of which insulator string A3-151, insulator string B3-152 and The insulator string C3-153 respectively connects the main body of the tower 103 with the A-phase transmission line 91, the B-phase transmission line 92 and the C-phase transmission line 93.
- the tower main body of the tower 103 and the grounding device 63 are connected through the grounding lead 163. .
- the control and measurement analysis system 17 includes a host computer 1, a wireless module 2, a signal collector 3, a signal controller 12, a high-voltage differential probe one 41, a high-voltage differential probe two 42, and a high-voltage differential probe three 43, of which the high-voltage differential probe 41, High-voltage differential probe two 42 and high-voltage differential probe three 43 are respectively connected to the two ends of the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132, and the insulator string C1-133, and the signal is uploaded to the upper computer 1 through the signal collector 3;
- the wireless module 2 transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor 7 to the upper computer 1; the upper computer 1 changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator 11 through the control signal controller 12.
- a test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device including the following steps:
- I is the theoretical value of the lightning protection level for counter-strike
- ⁇ is the soil resistivity
- l is the geometric size
- L gt is the equivalent inductance of the tower
- h d is the average height of the transmission line
- U 50% is the flashover voltage of the insulator string
- ⁇ is the shunt coefficient
- K is the coupling coefficient after corona correction
- m is the error coefficient
- ⁇ is the integral variable
- S4 Use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the modeling of the theoretical calculation formula of the lightning resistance level, and calculate the value of m that minimizes the error between the actual measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level;
- step S5 Repeat step S4, and finally obtain the optimal value of the error coefficient m in the low soil resistivity area, medium soil resistivity area, high soil resistivity area, high soil resistivity area, and extremely high soil resistivity area.
- They are m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , m 4 , and m 5 , which are substituted into formula (8) to obtain optimized theoretical formulas (9), (10), (11), (12), (13):
- I y is the theoretically calculated value of the optimized lightning protection level of the counterattack.
- step S1 The specific process of step S1 is:
- the wireless current sensor 7 records the impulse current injected into the top of tower 21, and wirelessly transmits it to the wireless module 2, and then Transmit to host computer 1; at the same time, high-voltage differential probe one 41, high-voltage differential probe two 42, and high-voltage differential probe three 43 respectively measure the overvoltage at both ends of insulator string A1-131, insulator string B1-132, and insulator string C1-133, and pass
- the signal collector 3 is transmitted to the upper computer 1, and the upper computer 1 controls the signal controller (12) to turn off the impulse voltage generator 11, and judges whether the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132, and the insulator string C1-133 flash Network
- the signal controller 12 If flashover occurs in the insulator string, the signal controller 12 reduces the amplitude of the lightning voltage output by the impulse voltage generator 11 by ⁇ U, then turns on the impulse voltage generator 11 again, and repeats the above method until the insulator string is just all If flashover does not occur, the previously measured impulse current amplitude I c is used as the lightning resistance level; if no flashover is found in the insulator string, the signal controller 12 increases the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator 11 ⁇ U, turn on the impulse voltage generator 11 again, repeat the above method, until a flashover occurs in a certain insulator string, then the measured impulse current amplitude I c this time is taken as the lightning resistance level.
- step S4 The specific process of step S4 is:
- g(m) represents the objective function
- I i is the theoretically calculated value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity
- I ci is the measured value of the lightning resistance level in the i-th soil resistivity case
- n is the data set number
- step 5 If the stop condition is met, stop the search and output the search result, otherwise return to step 2);
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Abstract
A lightning withstand level testing method for a power transmission line of a cross-shaped grounding device, comprising: building a testing platform which comprises a wireless current sensor (7), an impulse voltage generator (11), a control and measurement analysis system (17), a first tower (21), a second tower (22), a third tower (23), a coaxial cable (24), a first overhead ground wire (81), a second overhead ground wire (82), an A-phase power transmission line (91), a B-phase power transmission line (92), and a C-phase power transmission line (93); respectively performing testing and theoretical value calculation on values of lightning withstand level values of areas having low, medium, high, relatively high, and extremely high soil resistivities; and then optimizing a lightning withstand level calculation formula by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. By using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the lightning withstand level of a power transmission line of a typical cross-shaped grounding device can be tested more truly and reliably.
Description
本发明涉及雷电测量与防护技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of lightning measurement and protection, and more specifically, to a method for testing the lightning resistance level of a transmission line of a cross-type grounding device.
随着电网规模的快速发展及恶劣天气的频发，雷击输电线路引起的事故也日益增多。当雷电直击线路杆塔或架空地线时，雷电流将经杆塔及其接地装置向大地流散，由于杆塔及其接地装置存在一定阻抗，雷电流在这一阻抗上产生的压降将使塔顶电位升高，当塔顶电位升高到一定值时，杆塔与导线之间会发生闪络，导线通过闪络通道对杆塔形成工频续流，从而导致线路跳闸。南方电网及其各子公司近年来针对输电线路开展了大量的防雷改造及专项技术整改措施，但南网五省广大区域地处热带和亚热带季风区域，尤其广东、广西、海南位于沿海地区，常年雷电活动频繁，雷击引起的输电设施损坏及跳闸事故时有发生。With the rapid development of power grid scale and the frequent occurrence of severe weather, accidents caused by lightning strikes on transmission lines are also increasing. When lightning strikes the line tower or overhead ground wire directly, the lightning current will flow to the ground through the tower and its grounding device. Because the tower and its grounding device have a certain impedance, the voltage drop generated by the lightning current on this impedance will make the tower top potential When the potential at the top of the tower rises to a certain value, flashover will occur between the tower and the wire, and the wire will form a power-frequency continuous current to the tower through the flashover channel, which will cause the line to trip. In recent years, China Southern Power Grid and its subsidiaries have carried out a large number of lightning protection transformations and special technical rectification measures for transmission lines. However, the vast areas of the five provinces of Southern Power Grid are located in tropical and subtropical monsoon regions, especially Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan are located in coastal areas. Lightning activities are frequent throughout the year, and damage to transmission facilities and trip accidents caused by lightning strikes occur from time to time.
耐雷水平是防雷工程的关键参考指标，由于缺乏可靠的输电线路耐雷水平指标作依据，现有防雷措施的往往存在一定的盲目性，为了准确地对雷电参数进行采集以及对线路防雷性能进行精确测评，迫切需要一种针对输电***耐雷水平的智能测评***及方法。Lightning resistance level is a key reference index for lightning protection projects. Due to the lack of reliable transmission line lightning resistance level indicators, the existing lightning protection measures often have a certain degree of blindness. In order to accurately collect lightning parameters and improve line lightning protection performance For accurate evaluation, there is an urgent need for an intelligent evaluation system and method for the lightning resistance level of the power transmission system.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，包含搭建一种更为精确的十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验平台。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device, which includes building a more accurate lightning resistance level test platform of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device.
为了达到上述技术效果，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above technical effects, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
构建一种十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验平台，包括无线电流传感器、冲击电压发生器、控制及测量分析***、杆塔一、杆塔二、杆塔三、同轴电缆、避雷线一、避雷线二、A相输电线路、B相输电线路、C相输电线路。Construction of a cross-type grounding device lightning resistance level test platform for transmission lines, including wireless current sensors, impulse voltage generators, control and measurement analysis systems, tower one, tower two, tower three, coaxial cable, lightning protection line one, lightning protection line 2. A-phase transmission line, B-phase transmission line, and C-phase transmission line.
所述避雷线一与避雷线二分别将杆塔一、杆塔二和杆塔三连接起来，所述冲击电压发生器经同轴电缆与杆塔一的顶部连接，所述无线电流传感器固定于接近杆塔一侧的同轴电缆上。The lightning protection wire 1 and the lightning protection wire 2 respectively connect the tower 1, the tower 2 and the tower 3. The impulse voltage generator is connected to the top of the tower 1 via a coaxial cable, and the wireless current sensor is fixed on the side close to the tower On the coaxial cable.
进一步地，所述杆塔一包括杆塔主体一、绝缘子串A1、绝缘子串B1、绝缘子串C1、沙池、接地装置一以及接地引线一，其中绝缘子串A1、绝缘子串B1和绝缘子串C1分别连接了杆塔主体一与A相输电线路、B相输电线路和C相输电线路，所述杆塔主体一塔脚经接地引线一与接地装置一相连，所述接地装置一深埋在沙池中，其中沙池由试验土壤填充。Further, the first tower includes a tower main body, an insulator string A1, an insulator string B1, an insulator string C1, a sand pool, a grounding device, and a grounding lead, wherein the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1 are respectively connected The main body of the tower is connected to the phase A transmission line, the phase B transmission line, and the phase C transmission line. The main body of the tower is connected to the grounding device through the grounding lead, and the grounding device is buried deep in the sand pool. The pond is filled with test soil.
进一步地，所述杆塔二包括杆塔主体二、绝缘子串A2、绝缘子串B2、绝缘子串C2、接地装置二以及接地引线二，其中绝缘子串A2、绝缘子串B2和绝缘子串C2分别连接了杆塔主体二与A相输电线路、B相输电线路和C相输电线路，所述杆塔主体二塔脚经接地引线二与接地装置二相连。Further, the second pole tower includes the second tower main body, the insulator string A2, the insulator string B2, the insulator string C2, the second grounding device, and the second ground lead, wherein the insulator string A2, the insulator string B2, and the insulator string C2 are respectively connected to the second tower main body With the A-phase power transmission line, the B-phase power transmission line and the C-phase power transmission line, the two tower feet of the main body of the tower are connected to the second grounding device through the second grounding lead.
进一步地，所述杆塔三包括杆塔主体三、绝缘子串A3、绝缘子串B3、绝缘子串C3、接地装置三以及接地引线三，其中绝缘子串A3、绝缘子串B3和绝缘子串C3分别连接了杆塔主体三与A相输电线路、B相输电线路和C相输电线路，所述杆塔主体三塔脚经接地引线三与接地装置三相连。Further, the three towers include tower main body three, insulator string A3, insulator string B3, insulator string C3, grounding device three, and grounding lead three, wherein insulator string A3, insulator string B3 and insulator string C3 are respectively connected to tower main body three With the A-phase transmission line, the B-phase transmission line and the C-phase transmission line, the three tower legs of the main body of the pole are connected to the grounding device three through the grounding lead three.
进一步地，所述控制及测量分析***包括上位机、无线模块、信号采集器、信号控制器、高压差分探头一、高压差分探头二、高压差分探头三，其中高压差分探头一、高压差分探头二、高压差分探头三分别接在绝缘子串A1、绝缘子串B1、绝缘子串C1的两端，并通过信号采集器将信号上传到上位机上；无线模块将无线电流传感器采集的电流传输至上位机；上位机通过控制信号控制器改变冲击电压发生器的输出电压。Further, the control and measurement analysis system includes a host computer, a wireless module, a signal collector, a signal controller, a high-voltage differential probe one, a high-voltage differential probe two, and a high-voltage differential probe three, among which the high-voltage differential probe one and the high-voltage differential probe two , High-voltage differential probe three are respectively connected to the two ends of the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1, and upload the signal to the upper computer through the signal collector; the wireless module transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor to the upper computer; The machine changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator through the control signal controller.
基于所构建的平台，十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法包括以下步骤：Based on the constructed platform, the test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device includes the following steps:
S1：模拟雷击输电杆塔塔顶，并进行耐雷水平测试；S1: Simulate lightning strikes on the top of transmission towers and conduct lightning-resistant level tests;
S2：根据土壤电阻率不同从低到高一共分为五类进行试验，针对低土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池中试验土壤的土壤电阻率，从10Ω·m开始，每间隔10Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第一步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对中土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池中试验土壤的土壤电阻率，从125Ω·m开始，每间隔25Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第一步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对高土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池中试验土壤的土壤电阻率，从550Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第一步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对较高土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池中试验土壤的土壤电阻率，从 1050Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第一步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对特高土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池中试验土壤的土壤电阻率，从2050Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，取20组，并重复进行第一步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；S2: According to the different soil resistivity from low to high, the test is divided into five categories. For low soil resistivity areas, change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond, starting from 10Ω·m, and taking one at every interval of 10Ω·m Soil resistivity, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the medium soil resistivity area, change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond, starting from 125Ω·m, every interval 25Ω· m Take a soil resistivity, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the high soil resistivity area, change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond, starting from 550Ω·m, every Take a soil resistivity at an interval of 50Ω·m, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for areas with higher soil resistivity, change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond from 1050Ω· Beginning with m, take a soil resistivity every 50Ω·m, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the extremely high soil resistivity area, change the soil resistivity of the test soil in the sand pond , Starting from 2050Ω·m, take one soil resistivity every 50Ω·m interval, select 20 groups, and repeat the first step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity;
S3：由下式计算不同土壤电阻率下，反击耐雷水平理论值I：S3: Calculate the theoretical value I of the lightning resistance level of counterattack under different soil resistivities from the following formula:
式中，I为反击耐雷水平理论值，l为几何尺寸，L
gt为杆塔的等效电感，ρ为土壤电阻率，h
d为输电导线的平均高度，U
50％为绝缘子串的闪络电压，α为分流系数，K为经电晕校正后的耦合系数，m为误差系数，η为积分变量；
In the formula, I is the theoretical value of the lightning protection level of the counterattack, l is the geometric size, L gt is the equivalent inductance of the tower, ρ is the soil resistivity, h d is the average height of the transmission wire, and U 50% is the flashover voltage of the insulator string , Α is the shunt coefficient, K is the coupling coefficient after corona correction, m is the error coefficient, and η is the integral variable;
S4：采用粒子群优化算法对耐雷水平理论计算公式进行优化建模，计算出使耐雷水平实测值与理论值误差最小的m值；S4: Use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the modeling of the theoretical calculation formula of the lightning resistance level, and calculate the value of m that minimizes the error between the actual measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level;
S5：重复步骤S4，最终得出在低土壤电阻率区域、中土壤电阻率区域、高土壤电阻率区域、较高土壤电阻率区域、特高土壤电阻率区域的误差系数m的最优值，分别为m
1、m
2、m
3、m
4、m
5，代入公式(1)后得到优化后的理论公式(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)：
S5: Repeat step S4, and finally obtain the optimal value of the error coefficient m in the low soil resistivity area, the medium soil resistivity area, the high soil resistivity area, the higher soil resistivity area, and the extremely high soil resistivity area. They are m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , m 4 , and m 5 , which are substituted into formula (1) to obtain optimized theoretical formulas (2), (3), (4), (5), (6):
式中，I
y为优化后的反击耐雷水平理论计算值。
In the formula, I y is the theoretically calculated value of the optimized lightning protection level of the counterattack.
进一步地，所述步骤S1的具体过程是：Further, the specific process of the step S1 is:
1)、打开冲击电压发生器，输出幅值为U的雷电压至杆塔一的塔顶，无线电流传感器记录注入杆塔一塔顶的冲击电流，并无线传输至无线模块，进而传输至上位机；同时高压差分探头一、高压差分探头二、高压差分探头三分别测量绝缘子串A1、绝缘子串B1、绝缘子串C1两端的过电压，并通过信号采集器传输至上位机上，上位机控制信号控制器关闭冲击电压发生器，并判断绝缘子串A1、绝缘子串B1、绝缘子串C1是否发生闪络；1) Turn on the impulse voltage generator, output the lightning voltage with amplitude U to the top of tower one, the wireless current sensor records the impulse current injected into the top of tower one, and wirelessly transmits it to the wireless module, and then to the host computer; At the same time, the high-voltage differential probe 1, the high-voltage differential probe two, and the high-voltage differential probe three respectively measure the overvoltages of the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1, and transmit them to the host computer through the signal collector, and the host computer control signal controller is turned off Impulse voltage generator, and judge whether the insulator string A1, the insulator string B1, and the insulator string C1 have flashover;
2)、若有绝缘子串发生闪络，则通过信号控制器使冲击电压发生器输出的雷电压幅值减小ΔU，再次打开冲击电压发生器，重复上述方法，直到绝缘子串刚好都不发生闪络，则将前一次测得的冲击电流幅值I
c作为耐雷水平；若发现绝缘子串均未闪络，则通过信号控制器使冲击电压发生器输出的雷电压幅值增加ΔU，再次打开冲击电压发生器，重复上述方法，直到发现某一个绝缘子串刚好发生闪络，则将这一次测得的冲击电流幅值I
c作为耐雷水平。
2) If flashover occurs in the insulator string, reduce the amplitude of the lightning voltage output by the impulse voltage generator by ΔU through the signal controller, turn on the impulse voltage generator again, and repeat the above method until the insulator string just does not flash. network, then the last measured before an impact resistance as the current amplitude I c level of mine; if none found insulator string flashover, the controller causes the signal output from the lightning impulse voltage generator Delta] U voltage amplitude increases, the impact on again The voltage generator repeats the above method until it finds that a certain insulator string just has a flashover, and then uses the measured impulse current amplitude I c as the lightning resistance level.
进一步地，所述步骤S4的具体过程是：Further, the specific process of step S4 is:
1)、生成具有均匀分布的粒子和速度的初始总体，设置停止条件；1). Generate an initial population with uniformly distributed particles and speeds, and set stop conditions;
2)、按照式(7)计算目标函数值：2) Calculate the objective function value according to formula (7):
式中，g(m)表示目标函数，I
i为第i个土壤电阻率情况下的耐雷水平理论计算值，I
ci为第i个土壤电阻率情况下的耐雷水平实测值，n为数据组数；
In the formula, g(m) represents the objective function, I i is the theoretically calculated value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity, I ci is the actual measured value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity, and n is the data set number;
3)、更新每个粒子的个体历史最优位置与整个群体的最优位置；3) Update the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the entire group;
4)、更新每个粒子的速度和位置；4) Update the speed and position of each particle;
5)、若满足停止条件，则停止搜索，输出搜索结果，否则返回第2)步；5). If the stop condition is met, stop the search and output the search result, otherwise return to step 2);
6)、得出使耐雷水平实测值与理论值误差最小的m值。6). Obtain the m value that minimizes the error between the measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level.
其中，低土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：ρ<＝100Ω·m；中土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：100Ω·m<ρ<＝500Ω·m；高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：500Ω·m<ρ<＝1000Ω·m；较高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：1000Ω·m<ρ<＝2000Ω·m；特高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：2000Ω·m<ρ，其中ρ为土壤电阻率。Among them, the range of soil resistivity in the low soil resistivity area is: ρ<=100Ω·m; the range of soil resistivity in the medium soil resistivity area is: 100Ω·m<ρ<=500Ω·m; the soil in the high soil resistivity area The range of resistivity is: 500Ω·m<ρ<=1000Ω·m; the range of soil resistivity in areas with higher soil resistivity is: 1000Ω·m<ρ<=2000Ω·m; soil resistivity in areas with extremely high soil resistivity The range of is: 2000Ω·m<ρ, where ρ is the soil resistivity.
与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明能准确对山区高土壤电阻率下雷击输电线路耐雷水平进行测试；通过测量与理论相结合的方法，对耐雷水平公式进行了修正，能得到更为可靠的防雷工程指标；通过上位机完成主要的操作与控制，操作方便智能，安全可靠，对耐雷水平的测试具有普适性。The invention can accurately test the lightning resistance level of lightning-struck transmission lines under high soil resistivity in mountainous areas; through the method of combining measurement and theory, the lightning resistance level formula is revised, and more reliable lightning protection engineering indicators can be obtained; through the upper computer Complete the main operation and control, the operation is convenient and intelligent, safe and reliable, and has universal applicability to the lightning resistance level test.
图1为本发明平台的结构图。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the platform of the present invention.
附图仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制；The attached drawings are only for illustrative purposes, and should not be understood as a limitation of this patent;
为了更好说明本实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；In order to better illustrate this embodiment, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product;
对于本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures in the drawings and their descriptions may be omitted.
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，一种十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验平台，包括无线电流传感器7、冲击电压发生器11、控制及测量分析***17、杆塔一21、杆塔二22、杆塔三23、同轴电缆24、避雷线一81、避雷线二82、A相输电线路91、B相输电线路92、C相输电线路93；As shown in Figure 1, a cross-type grounding device transmission line lightning protection level test platform, including wireless current sensor 7, impulse voltage generator 11, control and measurement analysis system 17, tower one 21, tower two 22, tower three 23 , Coaxial cable 24, lightning protection line 81, lightning protection line 82, A-phase transmission line 91, B-phase transmission line 92, C-phase transmission line 93;
避雷线一81与避雷线二82分别将杆塔一21、杆塔二22和杆塔三23连接起来，所述冲击电压发生器11经同轴电缆24与杆塔一21的顶部连接，所述无线电流传感器7固定于接近杆塔一侧的同轴电缆24上；Lightning wire one 81 and lightning wire two 82 respectively connect tower one 21, tower two 22, and tower three 23. The impulse voltage generator 11 is connected to the top of tower one 21 via a coaxial cable 24, and the wireless current sensor 7Fixed on the coaxial cable 24 near the side of the tower;
杆塔一21包括杆塔主体一101、绝缘子串A1-131、绝缘子串B1-132、绝缘子串C1-133、沙池5、接地装置一61以及接地引线一161，其中绝缘子串A1-131、绝缘子串B1-132和绝缘子串C1-133分别连接了杆塔主体一101与A相输电线路91、B相输电线路92和C相输电线路93，所述杆塔主体一101塔脚经接地引线一161与接地装置一61相连，所述接地装置一61深埋在沙池5中，其中沙池5由试验土壤18填充。The tower one 21 includes the tower main body 101, the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132, the insulator string C1-133, the sand pool 5, the grounding device 61 and the grounding lead 161, in which the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132 and the insulator string C1-133 respectively connect the main body 101 of the tower to the phase A transmission line 91, the phase B transmission line 92 and the phase C transmission line 93. The main body of the tower 101 is connected to the ground via a ground lead 161. The first device 61 is connected, and the first grounding device 61 is deeply buried in the sand pool 5, and the sand pool 5 is filled with the test soil 18.
杆塔二22包括杆塔主体二102、绝缘子串A2-141、绝缘子串B2-142、绝缘子串C2-143、接地装置二62以及接地引线二162，其中绝缘子串A2-141、绝缘子串B2-142和绝缘子串C2-143分别连接了杆塔主体二102与A相输电线路91、B相输电线路92和C相输电线路93，所述杆塔主体二102塔脚经接地引线二162与接地装置二62相连。The second tower 22 includes the second tower main body 102, the insulator string A2-141, the insulator string B2-142, the insulator string C2-143, the grounding device two 62, and the ground lead two 162, of which the insulator string A2-141, the insulator string B2-142 and The insulator string C2-143 respectively connects the second tower main body 102 with the A-phase transmission line 91, the B-phase transmission line 92 and the C-phase transmission line 93. The second tower main body 102 and the tower foot are connected to the second grounding device 62 via the second grounding lead 162. .
杆塔三23包括杆塔主体三103、绝缘子串A3-151、绝缘子串B3-152、绝缘子串C3-153、接地装置三63以及接地引线三163，其中绝缘子串A3-151、绝缘子串B3-152和绝缘子串C3-153分别连接了杆塔主体三103与A相输电线路91、B相输电线路92和C相输电线路93，所述杆塔主体三103塔脚经接地引线三163与接地装置三63相连。Tower three 23 includes tower main body three 103, insulator string A3-151, insulator string B3-152, insulator string C3-153, grounding device three 63, and grounding lead three 163, of which insulator string A3-151, insulator string B3-152 and The insulator string C3-153 respectively connects the main body of the tower 103 with the A-phase transmission line 91, the B-phase transmission line 92 and the C-phase transmission line 93. The tower main body of the tower 103 and the grounding device 63 are connected through the grounding lead 163. .
控制及测量分析***17包括上位机1、无线模块2、信号采集器3、信号控制器12、高压差分探头一41、高压差分探头二42、高压差分探头三43，其中高压差分探头一41、高压差分探头二42、高压差分探头三43分别接在绝缘子串A1-131、绝缘子串B1-132、绝缘子串C1-133的两端，并通过信号采集器3将信号上传到上位机1上；无线模块2将无线电流传感器7采集的电流传输至上位机1；上位机1通过控制信号控制器12改变冲击电压发生器11的输出电压。The control and measurement analysis system 17 includes a host computer 1, a wireless module 2, a signal collector 3, a signal controller 12, a high-voltage differential probe one 41, a high-voltage differential probe two 42, and a high-voltage differential probe three 43, of which the high-voltage differential probe 41, High-voltage differential probe two 42 and high-voltage differential probe three 43 are respectively connected to the two ends of the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132, and the insulator string C1-133, and the signal is uploaded to the upper computer 1 through the signal collector 3; The wireless module 2 transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor 7 to the upper computer 1; the upper computer 1 changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator 11 through the control signal controller 12.
实施例2Example 2
一种十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，包括以下步骤：A test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device, including the following steps:
S1：模拟雷击输电线路杆塔塔顶，并进行耐雷水平测试；S1: Simulate lightning strikes on the top of transmission line towers, and conduct lightning resistance test;
S2：根据土壤电阻率不同从低到高一共分为五类进行试验，针对低土壤电阻率区域，ρ<＝100Ω·m，其中ρ为土壤电阻率，改变沙池5中试验土壤18的土壤电阻率，从10Ω·m开始，每间隔10Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第二步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对中土壤电阻率区域，100Ω·m<ρ<＝500Ω·m，改变沙池5中试验土壤18的土壤电阻率，从125Ω·m开始，每间隔25Ω·m取一 个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第二步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对高土壤电阻率区域，500Ω·m<ρ<＝1000Ω·m，改变沙池5中试验土壤18的土壤电阻率，从550Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第二步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对较高土壤电阻率区域，1000Ω·m<ρ<＝2000Ω·m，改变沙池5中试验土壤18的土壤电阻率，从1050Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行第二步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对特高土壤电阻率区域，2000Ω·m<ρ，改变沙池5中试验土壤18的土壤电阻率，从2050Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，取20组，并重复进行第二步，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；S2: According to the different soil resistivity from low to high, the test is divided into five categories. For the low soil resistivity area, ρ<=100Ω·m, where ρ is the soil resistivity, change the soil of the test soil 18 in the sand pond 5 Resistivity, starting from 10Ω·m, take a soil resistivity every 10Ω·m, and repeat the second step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the medium soil resistivity area, 100Ω·m<ρ <=500Ω·m, change the soil resistivity of the test soil 18 in sand pond 5, start from 125Ω·m, take a soil resistivity every 25Ω·m, and repeat the second step to measure the soil resistivity For high soil resistivity areas, 500Ω·m<ρ<=1000Ω·m, change the soil resistivity of test soil 18 in sand pond 5, starting from 550Ω·m, and take a soil resistance every 50Ω·m And repeat the second step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for areas with higher soil resistivity, 1000Ω·m<ρ<=2000Ω·m, change the soil resistance of test soil 18 in sand pond 5 Start from 1050Ω·m, take a soil resistivity every 50Ω·m, and repeat the second step to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the area with extremely high soil resistivity, 2000Ω·m<ρ , Change the soil resistivity of the test soil 18 in sand pond 5, start from 2050Ω·m, take one soil resistivity every 50Ω·m, select 20 groups, and repeat the second step to measure the soil resistivity under this soil resistivity Lightning resistance level;
S3：由下式计算不同土壤电阻率下，反击耐雷水平理论值I：S3: Calculate the theoretical value I of the lightning resistance level of counterattack under different soil resistivities from the following formula:
式中，I为反击耐雷水平理论值，ρ为土壤电阻率，l为几何尺寸，L
gt为杆塔的等效电感，h
d为输电导线的平均高度，U
50％为绝缘子串的闪络电压，α为分流系数，K为经电晕校正后的耦合系数，m为误差系数，η为积分变量；
In the formula, I is the theoretical value of the lightning protection level for counter-strike, ρ is the soil resistivity, l is the geometric size, L gt is the equivalent inductance of the tower, h d is the average height of the transmission line, and U 50% is the flashover voltage of the insulator string , Α is the shunt coefficient, K is the coupling coefficient after corona correction, m is the error coefficient, and η is the integral variable;
S4：采用粒子群优化算法对耐雷水平理论计算公式进行优化建模，计算出使耐雷水平实测值与理论值误差最小的m值；S4: Use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the modeling of the theoretical calculation formula of the lightning resistance level, and calculate the value of m that minimizes the error between the actual measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level;
S5：重复步骤S4，最终得出在低土壤电阻率区域、中土壤电阻率区域、高土壤电阻率区域、较高土壤电阻率区域、特高土壤电阻率区域，误差系数m的最优值，分别为m
1、m
2、m
3、m
4、m
5，代入公式(8)后得到优化后的理论公式(9)、(10)、(11)、(12)、(13)：
S5: Repeat step S4, and finally obtain the optimal value of the error coefficient m in the low soil resistivity area, medium soil resistivity area, high soil resistivity area, high soil resistivity area, and extremely high soil resistivity area. They are m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , m 4 , and m 5 , which are substituted into formula (8) to obtain optimized theoretical formulas (9), (10), (11), (12), (13):
式中，I
y为优化后的反击耐雷水平理论计算值。
In the formula, I y is the theoretically calculated value of the optimized lightning protection level of the counterattack.
步骤S1的具体过程是：The specific process of step S1 is:
1)、打开冲击电压发生器11，输出幅值为U的雷电压至杆塔一21的塔顶，无线电流传感器7记录注入杆塔一21塔顶的冲击电流，并无线传输至无线模块2，进而传输至上位机1；同时高压差分探头一41、高压差分探头二42、高压差分探头三43分别测量绝缘子串A1-131、绝缘子串B1-132、绝缘子串C1-133两端的过电压，并通过信号采集器3传输至上位机1上，上位机1控制信号控制器(12)关闭冲击电压发生器11，并判断绝缘子串A1-131、绝缘子串B1-132、绝缘子串C1-133是否发生闪络；1) Turn on the impulse voltage generator 11, output the lightning voltage with amplitude U to the top of tower 21, the wireless current sensor 7 records the impulse current injected into the top of tower 21, and wirelessly transmits it to the wireless module 2, and then Transmit to host computer 1; at the same time, high-voltage differential probe one 41, high-voltage differential probe two 42, and high-voltage differential probe three 43 respectively measure the overvoltage at both ends of insulator string A1-131, insulator string B1-132, and insulator string C1-133, and pass The signal collector 3 is transmitted to the upper computer 1, and the upper computer 1 controls the signal controller (12) to turn off the impulse voltage generator 11, and judges whether the insulator string A1-131, the insulator string B1-132, and the insulator string C1-133 flash Network
2)、若有绝缘子串发生闪络，则通过信号控制器12使冲击电压发生器11输出的雷电压幅值减小ΔU，再次打开冲击电压发生器11，重复上述方法，直到绝缘子串刚好都不发生闪络，则将前一次测得的冲击电流幅值I
c作为耐雷水平；若发现绝缘子串均未闪络，则通过信号控制器12使冲击电压发生器11输出的雷电压幅值增加ΔU，再次打开冲击电压发生器11，重复上述方法，直到发现某一个 绝缘子串刚好发生闪络，则将这一次测得的冲击电流幅值I
c作为耐雷水平。
2) If flashover occurs in the insulator string, the signal controller 12 reduces the amplitude of the lightning voltage output by the impulse voltage generator 11 by ΔU, then turns on the impulse voltage generator 11 again, and repeats the above method until the insulator string is just all If flashover does not occur, the previously measured impulse current amplitude I c is used as the lightning resistance level; if no flashover is found in the insulator string, the signal controller 12 increases the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator 11 ΔU, turn on the impulse voltage generator 11 again, repeat the above method, until a flashover occurs in a certain insulator string, then the measured impulse current amplitude I c this time is taken as the lightning resistance level.
步骤S4的具体过程是：The specific process of step S4 is:
1)、生成具有均匀分布的粒子和速度的初始总体，设置停止条件；1). Generate an initial population with uniformly distributed particles and speeds, and set stop conditions;
2)、按照式(14)计算目标函数值：2) Calculate the objective function value according to formula (14):
式中，g(m)表示目标函数，I
i为第i个土壤电阻率情况下的耐雷水平理论计算值，I
ci为第i个土壤电阻率情况下的耐雷水平实测值，n为数据组数；
In the formula, g(m) represents the objective function, I i is the theoretically calculated value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity, I ci is the measured value of the lightning resistance level in the i-th soil resistivity case, and n is the data set number;
3)、更新每个粒子的个体历史最优位置与整个群体的最优位置；3) Update the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the entire group;
4)、更新每个粒子的速度和位置；4) Update the speed and position of each particle;
5)、若满足停止条件，则停止搜索，输出搜索结果，否则返回第2)步；5). If the stop condition is met, stop the search and output the search result, otherwise return to step 2);
6)、根得出使耐雷水平实测值与理论值误差最小的m值。6) Calculate the value of m that minimizes the error between the measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level.
步骤S2中，低土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：ρ<＝100Ω·m；中土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：100Ω·m<ρ<＝500Ω·m；高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：500Ω·m<ρ<＝1000Ω·m；较高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：1000Ω·m<ρ<＝2000Ω·m；特高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：2000Ω·m<ρ，其中ρ为土壤电阻率。In step S2, the range of soil resistivity in the low soil resistivity area is: ρ<=100Ω·m; the range of soil resistivity in the medium soil resistivity area is: 100Ω·m<ρ<=500Ω·m; high soil resistivity The range of regional soil resistivity is: 500Ω·m<ρ<=1000Ω·m; the range of soil resistivity in the higher soil resistivity area is: 1000Ω·m<ρ<=2000Ω·m; the soil in the area with extremely high soil resistivity The range of resistivity is: 2000Ω·m<ρ, where ρ is the soil resistivity.
相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；The same or similar reference numbers correspond to the same or similar parts;
附图中描述位置关系的用于仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制；The description of the positional relationship in the drawings is only for illustrative purposes, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the patent;
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are merely examples to clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or modifications in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is unnecessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- 一种十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，其特征在于，首先建立试验平台，该试验平台包括无线电流传感器(7)、冲击电压发生器(11)、控制及测量分析***(17)、杆塔一(21)、杆塔二(22)、杆塔三(23)、同轴电缆(24)、避雷线一(81)、避雷线二(82)、A相输电线路(91)、B相输电线路(92)、C相输电线路(93)；A test method for the lightning resistance level of a transmission line of a cross-type grounding device is characterized in that a test platform is first established, which includes a wireless current sensor (7), an impulse voltage generator (11), a control and measurement analysis system (17) , Tower One (21), Tower Two (22), Tower Three (23), Coaxial Cable (24), Lightning Line One (81), Lightning Line Two (82), Phase A Transmission Line (91), Phase B Transmission line (92), C-phase transmission line (93);所述避雷线一(81)与避雷线二(82)分别将杆塔一(21)、杆塔二(22)和杆塔三(23)连接起来，所述冲击电压发生器(11)经同轴电缆(24)与杆塔一(21)的顶部连接，所述无线电流传感器(7)固定于接近杆塔一侧的同轴电缆(24)上；The lightning protection line one (81) and the lightning protection line two (82) respectively connect the tower one (21), the tower two (22) and the tower three (23), and the impulse voltage generator (11) is connected via a coaxial cable (24) Connected to the top of the tower one (21), and the wireless current sensor (7) is fixed on the coaxial cable (24) close to the side of the tower;所述的试验平台中杆塔一(21)包括杆塔主体一(101)、绝缘子串A1(131)、绝缘子串B1(132)、绝缘子串C1(133)、沙池(5)、接地装置一(61)以及接地引线一(161)，其中绝缘子串A1(131)、绝缘子串B1(132)和绝缘子串C1(133)分别连接了杆塔主体一(101)与A相输电线路(91)、B相输电线路(92)和C相输电线路(93)，所述杆塔主体一(101)塔脚经接地引线一(161)与接地装置一(61)相连，所述接地装置一(61)深埋在沙池(5)中，其中沙池(5)由试验土壤(18)填充；The first pole (21) of the test platform includes pole one (101), insulator string A1 (131), insulator string B1 (132), insulator string C1 (133), sand pool (5), grounding device one ( 61) and ground lead one (161), in which the insulator string A1 (131), the insulator string B1 (132) and the insulator string C1 (133) are respectively connected to the tower main body one (101) and the phase A transmission line (91), B Phase transmission line (92) and C-phase transmission line (93), the main body (101) of the tower is connected to the grounding device (61) via grounding lead (161), and the grounding device (61) is deep Buried in a sand pond (5), where the sand pond (5) is filled with test soil (18);所述的试验平台中杆塔二(22)包括杆塔主体二(102)、绝缘子串A2(141)、绝缘子串B2(142)、绝缘子串C2(143)、接地装置二(62)以及接地引线二(162)，其中绝缘子串A2(141)、绝缘子串B2(142)和绝缘子串C2(143)分别连接了杆塔主体二(102)与A相输电线路(91)、B相输电线路(92)和C相输电线路(93)，所述杆塔主体二(102)塔脚经接地引线二(162)与接地装置二(62)相连；The second tower (22) in the test platform includes the second tower main body (102), the insulator string A2 (141), the insulator string B2 (142), the insulator string C2 (143), the second grounding device (62), and the second grounding lead. (162), in which the insulator string A2 (141), the insulator string B2 (142) and the insulator string C2 (143) are respectively connected to the tower main body two (102) with the phase A transmission line (91) and the phase B transmission line (92) And the C-phase power transmission line (93), the second tower main body (102) and the tower foot are connected to the second grounding device (62) through the second grounding lead (162);所述的试验平台中杆塔三(23)包括杆塔主体三(103)、绝缘子串A3(151)、绝缘子串B3(152)、绝缘子串C3(153)、接地装置三(63)以及接地引线三(163)，其中绝缘子串A3(151)、绝缘子串B3(152)和绝缘子串C3(153)分别连接了杆塔主体三(103)与A相输电线路(91)、B相输电线路(92)和C相输电线路(93)，所述杆塔主体三(103)塔脚经接地引线三(163)与接地装置三(63)相连；The three poles (23) in the test platform include three poles (103), insulator string A3 (151), insulator string B3 (152), insulator string C3 (153), grounding device three (63), and grounding lead three. (163), in which the insulator string A3 (151), the insulator string B3 (152) and the insulator string C3 (153) are respectively connected to the tower main body three (103) with the phase A transmission line (91) and the phase B transmission line (92) And the C-phase transmission line (93), the main body of the tower (103) is connected to the grounding device (63) through the grounding lead (163);所述的试验平台中控制及测量分析***(17)包括上位机(1)、无线模块(2)、信号采集器(3)、信号控制器(12)、高压差分探头一(41)、高压差分探头二(42)、高压差分探头三(43)，其中高压差分探头一(41)、高压差分探头二(42)、高压差分探头三(43)分别接在绝缘子串A1(131)、绝缘子串B1(132)、绝缘子串C1(133)的两端，并通过信号采集器(3)将所测电压信号上传到上位机(1)上；无线模块(2)将无线电流传感器(7)采集的电流信号传输至上位机(1)；上位机(1)通过控制信号控制器(12)改变冲击电压发生器(11)的输出电压。The control and measurement analysis system (17) in the test platform includes a host computer (1), a wireless module (2), a signal collector (3), a signal controller (12), a high-voltage differential probe one (41), a high-voltage Differential probe two (42), high-voltage differential probe three (43), of which high-voltage differential probe one (41), high-voltage differential probe two (42), and high-voltage differential probe three (43) are connected to the insulator string A1 (131) and the insulator respectively Both ends of the string B1 (132) and the insulator string C1 (133), and upload the measured voltage signal to the upper computer (1) through the signal collector (3); the wireless module (2) connects the wireless current sensor (7) The collected current signal is transmitted to the upper computer (1); the upper computer (1) changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator (11) through the control signal controller (12).
- 根据权利要求1所述的十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，其特征在于，步骤包括：The method for testing the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device according to claim 1, wherein the steps include:S1：模拟雷击输电杆塔塔顶，并进行耐雷水平测试；S1: Simulate lightning strikes on the top of transmission towers and conduct lightning-resistant level tests;S2：根据土壤电阻率不同从低到高一共分为五类进行试验，针对低土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池(5)中试验土壤(18)的土壤电阻率，从10Ω·m开始，每间隔10Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行步骤S1，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对中土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池(5)中试验土壤(18)的土壤电阻率，从125Ω·m开始，每间隔25Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行步骤S1，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对高土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池(5)中试验土壤(18)的土壤电阻率，从550Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行步骤S1，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对较高土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池(5)中试验土壤(18)的土壤电阻率，从1050Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，并重复进行步骤S1，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；针对特高土壤电阻率区域，改变沙池(5)中试验土壤(18)的土壤电阻率，从2050Ω·m开始，每间隔50Ω·m取一个土壤电阻率，取20组，并重复进行步骤S1，测得该土壤电阻率下的耐雷水平；S2: According to the different soil resistivity from low to high, the test is divided into five categories. Aiming at the low soil resistivity area, change the soil resistivity of the test soil (18) in the sand pond (5), starting from 10Ω·m, every time Take a soil resistivity at an interval of 10Ω·m, and repeat step S1 to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the medium soil resistivity area, change the soil resistivity of the test soil (18) in the sand pond (5) , Starting from 125Ω·m, take a soil resistivity every 25Ω·m, and repeat step S1 to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for the high soil resistivity area, change the test in the sand pond (5) The soil resistivity of the soil (18), starting from 550Ω·m, taking a soil resistivity every 50Ω·m, and repeating step S1 to measure the lightning resistance level under the soil resistivity; for areas with higher soil resistivity , Change the soil resistivity of the test soil (18) in the sand pond (5), start from 1050Ω·m, take a soil resistivity every 50Ω·m, and repeat step S1 to measure the lightning resistance of the soil resistivity Level; For the area with extremely high soil resistivity, change the soil resistivity of the test soil (18) in the sand pond (5), starting from 2050Ω·m, take one soil resistivity every 50Ω·m, take 20 groups, and repeat Go to step S1 to measure the lightning resistance level of the soil resistivity;S3：由下式计算不同土壤电阻率下，反击耐雷水平理论值I：S3: Calculate the theoretical value I of the lightning resistance level of counterattack under different soil resistivities from the following formula:
式中，I为反击耐雷水平理论值，l为几何尺寸，L gt为杆塔的等效电感，ρ为土壤电阻率，h d为输电导线的平均高度，U 50％为绝缘子串的闪络电压，α为分 流系数，K为经电晕校正后的耦合系数，m为误差系数，η为积分变量； In the formula, I is the theoretical value of the lightning protection level of the counterattack, l is the geometric size, L gt is the equivalent inductance of the tower, ρ is the soil resistivity, h d is the average height of the transmission wire, and U 50% is the flashover voltage of the insulator string , Α is the shunt coefficient, K is the coupling coefficient after corona correction, m is the error coefficient, and η is the integral variable;S4：采用粒子群优化算法对耐雷水平理论计算公式进行优化建模，计算出使耐雷水平实测值与理论值误差最小的m值；S4: Use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the modeling of the theoretical calculation formula of the lightning resistance level, and calculate the value of m that minimizes the error between the actual measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level;S5：重复步骤S4，最终得出在低土壤电阻率区域、中土壤电阻率区域、高土壤电阻率区域、较高土壤电阻率区域、特高土壤电阻率区域的误差系数m的最优值，分别为m 1、m 2、m 3、m 4、m 5，代入公式(1)得到优化后的理论公式(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)： S5: Repeat step S4, and finally obtain the optimal value of the error coefficient m in the low soil resistivity area, the medium soil resistivity area, the high soil resistivity area, the higher soil resistivity area, and the extremely high soil resistivity area. Respectively m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , m 4 , m 5 , substituted into formula (1) to obtain optimized theoretical formulas (2), (3), (4), (5), (6):
式中，I y为优化后的耐雷水平理论计算值。 In the formula, I y is the theoretically calculated value of the optimized lightning resistance level. - 根据权利要求2所述的十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1的具体过程是：The test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step S1 is:1)、打开冲击电压发生器(11)，输出幅值为U的雷电压至杆塔一(21)的塔顶，无线电流传感器(7)记录注入杆塔一(21)塔顶的冲击电流，并无线传输至无线模块(2)，进而传输至上位机(1)；同时高压差分探头一(41)、高压差分探头二(42)、高压差分探头三(43)分别测量绝缘子串A1(131)、绝缘子串B1(132)、绝缘子串C1(133)两端的过电压，并通过信号采集器(3)传输至上位机(1)上，上位机(1)控制信号控制器(12)关闭冲击电压发生器(11)，并判断绝缘子串A1(131)、绝缘子串B1(132)、绝缘子串C1(133)是否发生闪络；1) Turn on the impulse voltage generator (11), output the lightning voltage with amplitude U to the top of tower one (21), the wireless current sensor (7) records the impulse current injected into the top of tower one (21), and Wireless transmission to the wireless module (2), and then to the host computer (1); at the same time, high-voltage differential probe one (41), high-voltage differential probe two (42), and high-voltage differential probe three (43) respectively measure the insulator string A1 (131) The overvoltage at both ends of the insulator string B1 (132) and the insulator string C1 (133) are transmitted to the upper computer (1) through the signal collector (3), and the upper computer (1) controls the signal controller (12) to close the impact Voltage generator (11), and judge whether the insulator string A1 (131), the insulator string B1 (132), and the insulator string C1 (133) have flashover;2)、若有绝缘子串发生闪络，则通过信号控制器(12)使冲击电压发生器(11)输出的雷电压幅值减小ΔU，再次打开冲击电压发生器(11)，重复上述方法，直到绝缘子串刚好都不发生闪络，则将前一次测得的冲击电流幅值I c作为耐雷水平；若发现绝缘子串均未闪络，则通过信号控制器(12)使冲击电压发生器(11)输出的雷电压幅值增加ΔU，再次打开冲击电压发生器(11)，重复上述方法，直到发现某一个绝缘子串刚好发生闪络，则将这一次测得的冲击电流幅值I c作为耐雷水平。 2) If flashover occurs in the insulator string, the signal controller (12) reduces the amplitude of the lightning voltage output by the impulse voltage generator (11) by ΔU, turns on the impulse voltage generator (11) again, and repeats the above method If no flashover occurs in the insulator string, the impulse current amplitude I c measured last time is used as the lightning resistance level; if no flashover is found in the insulator string, the impulse voltage generator is used by the signal controller (12) (11) Increase the amplitude of the output lightning voltage by ΔU, turn on the impulse voltage generator (11) again, and repeat the above method until a flashover occurs in a certain insulator string, then the measured impulse current amplitude I c As the lightning resistance level.
- 根据权利要求2所述的十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4的具体过程是：The test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step S4 is:1)、生成具有均匀分布的粒子和速度的初始总体，设置停止条件；1). Generate an initial population with uniformly distributed particles and speeds, and set stop conditions;2)、按照式(7)计算目标函数值：2) Calculate the objective function value according to formula (7):
式中，g(m)表示目标函数，I i为第i个土壤电阻率情况下的耐雷水平理论计算值，I ci为第i个土壤电阻率情况下的耐雷水平实测值，n为数据组数； In the formula, g(m) represents the objective function, I i is the theoretically calculated value of the lightning resistance level in the case of the i-th soil resistivity, I ci is the measured value of the lightning resistance level in the i-th soil resistivity case, and n is the data set number;3)、更新每个粒子的个体历史最优位置与整个群体的最优位置；3) Update the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the entire group;4)、更新每个粒子的速度和位置；4) Update the speed and position of each particle;5)、若满足停止条件，则停止搜索，输出搜索结果，否则返回第2)步；5). If the stop condition is met, stop the search and output the search result, otherwise return to step 2);6)、得出使耐雷水平实测值与理论值误差最小的m值。6). Obtain the m value that minimizes the error between the measured value and the theoretical value of the lightning resistance level. - 根据权利要求2所述的十字型接地装置的输电线路耐雷水平试验方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，低土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：ρ<＝100Ω·m；中土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：100Ω·m<ρ<＝500Ω·m；高土壤电阻率区 域土壤电阻率的范围是：500Ω·m<ρ<＝1000Ω·m；较高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：1000Ω·m<ρ<＝2000Ω·m；特高土壤电阻率区域土壤电阻率的范围是：2000Ω·m<ρ，其中ρ为土壤电阻率。The test method for the lightning resistance level of the transmission line of the cross-type grounding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, in step S2, the range of soil resistivity in the low soil resistivity area is: ρ<=100Ω·m; medium soil resistivity The range of regional soil resistivity is: 100Ω·m<ρ<=500Ω·m; the range of soil resistivity in high soil resistivity areas is: 500Ω·m<ρ<=1000Ω·m; soil resistance in areas with higher soil resistivity The range of the rate is: 1000Ω·m<ρ<=2000Ω·m; the range of the soil resistivity in the ultra-high soil resistivity area is: 2000Ω·m<ρ, where ρ is the soil resistivity.
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