CN114184765A - Transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic assessment method considering soil porosity - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application shows a transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation method considering soil porosity, and the method comprises the steps of firstly, building a transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation platform considering soil porosity; based on the platform, the direct current working voltage response measured value of the subdivided section conductor and the local soil porosity value are obtained through experiments; calculating a soil degradation characteristic evaluation factor around the conductor based on the porosity of the soil; performing optimization modeling on a calculation formula of the soil degradation characteristic evaluation factors around the conductor by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm; and finally, evaluating the soil characteristics of the grounding grid by using the optimized theoretical formula and combining the comprehensive evaluation factors of the soil characteristics of the grounding grid. The method can effectively measure the local porosity of the soil of the grounding grid of the transformer substation and measure the direct-current working voltage response of the grounding conductor; the intelligent operation and control are completed through the upper computer, and the data acquisition is convenient and efficient; and the soil porosity factor is calculated, so that the soil characteristics of the grounding grid of the transformer substation can be effectively evaluated, and the safety and stability of the power system are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ground net soil evaluation, in particular to a transformer substation ground net soil characteristic evaluation method considering soil porosity.
Background
The grounding grid plays an important role in the normal operation of the transformer substation. The transformer substation grounding grid can reduce the voltage borne by the electrical equipment in insulation, so that the requirement on the insulation level of the equipment is reduced, and the production cost of the electrical equipment is reduced. In addition, high-amplitude lightning current can be timely discharged when lightning stroke occurs, so that the safety of equipment and personnel in the case of lightning disaster is protected. The safety and reliability of the substation grounding grid are therefore directly linked to the safe operation of the power system. The soil around the grounding grid of the transformer substation is directly related to the performance of the grounding grid, and the porosity, resistivity and water content of the soil influence the current dispersion performance of the grounding conductor of the grounding grid, so that the research of the soil characteristic evaluation method of the grounding grid of the transformer substation is continuously carried out.
At present, most of the relevant researches on the grounding grid at home and abroad are directed at grounding resistance, ground contact voltage and ground step voltage, but no research on a grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation method, particularly the grounding grid soil performance evaluation considering soil porosity is seen. Therefore, the transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation platform considering the soil porosity is set up, and the transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation method considering the soil porosity is provided based on the platform, so that the transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic can be accurately evaluated, and the safety and stability of a power system are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to accurately and analytically evaluate the soil characteristics of the grounding grid of the transformer substation, the invention provides a soil characteristic evaluation method of the grounding grid of the transformer substation, which takes the porosity of soil into consideration. The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the first step is as follows: the transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation platform with the soil porosity calculated is built and comprises a core control host, a direct current working voltage generator, a grounding electrode 1, a grounding electrode 2, a data acquisition device, a direct current working voltage generation controller, a switch, a soil box, a signal cable, a steel needle 1, a steel needle 2, a soil porosity detection sensor 1, a soil porosity detection sensor 2, a direct current working current sensor, an input cable, a switch output cable, a backflow cable, a grounding grid external connection leading-out port 1, a grounding grid external connection leading-out port 2 and other grounding grid external connection leading-out ports;
the output end of the direct current working voltage generator is connected with a switch through an input cable, the switch is connected with an external lead-out port 1 of a grounding grid through a switch output cable, and the external lead-out port 1 of the grounding grid is connected with the grounding grid; one end of the external leading-out port 2 of the grounding grid is connected with the return cable, and the other end of the external leading-out port is connected with the grounding grid;
the grounding grid is placed in a soil box, soil is filled in the soil box, and the soil box is connected with the grounding electrode 2;
the direct current working voltage generator is connected with the direct current working voltage generator controller, the direct current working voltage generator controller is connected with the core control host, and the grounding end of the direct current working voltage generator is connected with the grounding electrode 1;
the direct current working current sensor is sleeved on the switch output cable, the signal output end of the direct current working current sensor is connected to the data collector through a signal cable, and the data collector is connected with the core control host;
the soil porosity detection sensor 1 is connected to a data acquisition unit through a steel needle 1 and a signal cable; the soil porosity detection sensor 2 is connected to a data acquisition unit through a steel needle 2 by a signal cable; the soil porosity detection sensor 1 and the soil porosity detection sensor 2 are arranged on a perpendicular bisector of the current subdivision section conductor in the axial direction, and the distance between the soil porosity detection sensor 1 and the axial lead is R;
the current subdivision section conductor is a grounding conductor of the grounding grid between a grounding grid external leading-out port 1 and a grounding grid external leading-out port 2;
the other external ground net leading-out ports) comprise M independent external ground net leading-out ports;
the soil porosity detection sensor 1, the soil porosity detection sensor 2 and the grounding net are arranged in the soil box, and the external leading-out port 1 of the grounding net, the external leading-out port 2 of the grounding net and the external leading-out ports of other grounding nets are half inserted into the soil box;
the second step is that: carrying out evaluation on the soil characteristics of the transformer substation grounding grid considering the soil porosity:
s1: measuring the porosity of the soil around the current subdivided segment conductor by the soil porosity detection sensor 1 and the soil porosity detection sensor 2 to respectively obtain the soil of the subdivided segment conductorLocal porosity value m1、m2；
S2: adjusting the switch to switch on, and controlling the direct-current working voltage generator controller to set the output amplitude of the direct-current working voltage generator to be U voltage through the core control host; meanwhile, the DC working current sensor measures the DC working voltage response H of the current thin subsection conductor of the grounding gridsTransmitting the response to a data acquisition unit through a signal cable, and finally transmitting the response to a core control host;
s3: adjusting an external lead-out port of a grounding network connected with the switch output cable and the return cable, and repeating the steps S1 and S2 to obtain a direct current working voltage response measured value of the N sections of the subdivided conductors and a soil local porosity value thereof;
selecting two external leading-out ports of the grounding grid with the distance D from the external leading-out ports of other grounding grids and the external leading-out port 1 of the grounding grid, and respectively connecting the external leading-out ports of the grounding grid with the external leading-out ports of the grounding grid and the external leading-out ports of the grounding grid, wherein the connection condition is not repeated every time;
s4: the evaluation factor J of the deterioration characteristic of the soil around the conductor based on the porosity of the soil was calculated from the following formula:
wherein m is the local porosity of the soil of the subdivided conductor, and m ═ m1+m2)/2；HzThe method comprises the steps that a direct-current voltage response reference value of a subdivided section conductor is obtained, alpha is an error coefficient, and eta is an integral variable;
s5: performing optimization modeling on a calculation formula of the soil degradation characteristic evaluation factors around the conductor by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, wherein the steps are as follows:
1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
2) the objective function value for each particle position is calculated according to equation (2):
wherein f (α) represents an objective function, HsiExpressing the measured DC working voltage response result of the i-th sub-divided conductor, JiRepresenting a soil degradation characteristic evaluation factor around the i-th segment of the subdivided segment conductor, wherein N is the segment number of the subdivided segment conductor;
3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole population;
4) updating the velocity and position of each particle;
5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting a searching result; otherwise, returning to the step 2);
6) obtaining an optimal value alpha according to optimization0Substituting the following formula (3) into the optimized theoretical formula:
in the formula JrRepresents an evaluation factor, alpha, of the deterioration characteristics of the soil around the conductor after optimization0The error coefficient is the optimal value;
s6: calculating comprehensive evaluation factor K of soil characteristics of grounding grid0：
In the formula, LiA weight correction factor representing the i-th subsection of the conductor, wherein JriRepresenting an evaluation factor of the soil degradation characteristics around the optimized i-th segment of the subdivided conductor;
when K is0∈(0，3]The characteristic of the grounding grid soil damage is good; when D is equal to (3, 7.9)]The characteristic of the soil damage of the grounding grid is general; when D epsilon (7.9, infinity), the soil hazard characteristics characterizing the grounding grid are serious.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) a transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation platform considering soil porosity is set up, and the platform can effectively measure the local soil porosity of the transformer substation grounding grid and measure the direct-current working voltage response of a grounding conductor;
2) the intelligent operation and control can be completed through the upper computer, and the data acquisition is convenient and efficient;
3) the soil porosity factor can be calculated, the soil characteristics of the grounding grid of the transformer substation can be effectively evaluated, maintenance suggestions are provided, and the safety and stability of the power system are further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soil characteristic evaluation platform of a transformer substation grounding grid considering soil porosity, which is illustrated in the present application;
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. The specific implementation mode of the method for evaluating the energy absorption performance of the porcelain outer sleeve lightning arrester under multiple lightning strike discharge comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation platform with the built and calculated soil porosity comprises a core control host (1), a direct current working voltage generator (2), a grounding electrode 1(31), a grounding electrode 2(32), a data acquisition device (4), a direct current working voltage generation controller (6), a switch (8), a soil box (10), a signal cable (12), a steel needle 1(131), a steel needle 2(132), a soil porosity detection sensor 1(141), a soil porosity detection sensor 2(142), a direct current working current sensor (15), an input cable (161), a switch output cable (163), a return cable (162), a grounding grid (17), a grounding grid external leading-out port 1(181), a grounding grid external leading-out port 2(182) and other grounding grid external leading-out ports (183);
the output end of the direct current working voltage generator (2) is connected with a switch (8) through an input cable (161), the switch (8) is connected with an external grounding grid leading-out port 1(181) through a switch output cable (163), and the external grounding grid leading-out port 1(181) is connected with a grounding grid (17); one end of an external lead-out port 2(182) of the grounding grid is connected with the return cable (162), and the other end is connected with the grounding grid (17);
the grounding grid (17) is placed in the soil box (10), the soil box (10) is filled with soil, and the soil box (10) is connected with the grounding electrode 2 (32);
the grounding grid (17) is a simulated transformer substation part grounding grid, is square in shape, has the side length of 10m, and is divided into 16 small squares with equal area;
the direct current working voltage generator (2) is connected with the direct current working voltage generation controller (6), the direct current working voltage generation controller (6) is connected with the core control host (1), and the grounding end of the direct current working voltage generator (2) is connected with the grounding electrode 1 (31);
the direct current working current sensor (15) is sleeved on the switch output cable (163), the signal output end of the direct current working current sensor (15) is connected to the data acquisition unit (4) through the signal cable (12), and the data acquisition unit (4) is connected with the core control host (1);
the soil porosity detection sensor 1(141) is connected to the data collector (4) through a steel needle 1(131) through a signal cable (12); the soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) is connected to the data collector (4) through a steel needle 2(132) through a signal cable (12); the soil porosity detection sensors 1(141) and 2(142) are arranged on a perpendicular bisector of the current subdivision conductor in the axial direction, the distance between the soil porosity detection sensors and the axial line is R, and the value of R is 0.1 m;
the current sub-segment conductor is a grounding conductor of the grounding network between an external leading-out port 1(181) of the grounding network and an external leading-out port 2(182) of the grounding network;
the other external grounding grid leading-out ports (183) comprise M independent external grounding grid leading-out ports, and the value of M is 8;
the soil porosity detection sensor 1(141), the soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) and the grounding net (17) are arranged in the soil box (10), and the external leading-out port 1(181) of the grounding net, the external leading-out port 2(182) of the grounding net and the external leading-out ports (183) of other grounding nets are half inserted in the soil box (10);
the second step is that: carrying out evaluation on the soil characteristics of the transformer substation grounding grid considering the soil porosity:
s1: the soil porosity around the current fine segmented conductor is measured by a soil porosity detection sensor 1(141) and a soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) to respectively obtain the soil local porosity value m of the fine segmented conductor1、m2；
S2: the switch (8) is adjusted to switch on the switch (8), and the core control host (1) controls the direct-current working voltage generator controller (6) to set the direct-current working voltage generator (2) to output a voltage with the amplitude of U; meanwhile, a direct current working current sensor (15) measures the direct current working voltage response H of the current subdivision section conductor of the grounding grid (17)sThe response is transmitted to the data collector (4) through a signal cable (12) and finally transmitted to the core control host (1);
s3: adjusting an external lead-out port of a grounding grid connected with a switch output cable (163) and a backflow cable (162), and repeating the steps S1 and S2 to obtain a direct current working voltage response measured value of the N sections of the subdivided conductors and a soil local porosity value thereof;
the specific method for adjusting the external leading-out port of the grounding grid connected with the switch output cable (163) and the backflow cable (162) comprises the following steps: two optional external grounding grid leading-out ports with the distance D from the external grounding grid leading-out ports (183) and the external grounding grid leading-out ports 1(181) are respectively connected with the switch output cable (163) and the return cable (162), and the connection condition is not repeated every time; the value of D is 1/4 of the side length of the grounding grid (17);
s4: the evaluation factor J of the deterioration characteristic of the soil around the conductor based on the porosity of the soil was calculated from the following formula:
wherein m is the local porosity of the soil of the subdivided conductor, and m ═ m1+m2)/2；HzThe method comprises the steps that a direct-current voltage response reference value of a subdivided section conductor is obtained, alpha is an error coefficient, and eta is an integral variable;
s5: performing optimization modeling on a calculation formula of the soil degradation characteristic evaluation factors around the conductor by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, wherein the steps are as follows:
1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
2) the objective function value for each particle position is calculated according to equation (6):
wherein f (α) represents an objective function, HsiExpressing the measured DC working voltage response result of the i-th sub-divided conductor, JiRepresenting a soil degradation characteristic evaluation factor around the i-th segment of the subdivided segment conductor, wherein N is the segment number of the subdivided segment conductor;
3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole population;
4) updating the velocity and position of each particle;
5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting a searching result; otherwise, returning to the step 2);
6) obtaining an optimal value alpha according to optimization0Substituting the following formula (7) into the optimized theoretical formula:
in the formula JrRepresents an evaluation factor, alpha, of the deterioration characteristics of the soil around the conductor after optimization0The error coefficient is the optimal value;
s6: calculating comprehensive evaluation factor K of soil characteristics of grounding grid0：
In the formula, LiA weight correction factor representing the i-th subsection of the conductor, wherein JriRepresenting an evaluation factor of the soil degradation characteristics around the optimized i-th segment of the subdivided conductor;
when K is0∈(0，3]The characteristic of the grounding grid soil damage is good; when D is equal to (3, 7.9)]The characteristic of the soil damage of the grounding grid is general; when D epsilon (7.9, infinity), the soil hazard characteristics characterizing the grounding grid are serious.
Claims (1)
1. A transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation method considering soil porosity is characterized in that a transformer substation grounding grid soil characteristic evaluation platform considering soil porosity is established, and the platform comprises a core control host (1), a direct current working voltage generator (2), a grounding electrode 1(31), a grounding electrode 2(32), a data acquisition device (4), a direct current working voltage generation controller (6), a switch (8), a soil box (10), a signal cable (12), a steel needle 1(131), a steel needle 2(132), a soil porosity detection sensor 1(141), a soil porosity detection sensor 2(142), a direct current working current sensor (15), an input cable (161), a switch output cable (163), a return cable (162), a grid (17), a grounding grid external lead-out port 1(181), a grounding grid external lead-out port 2(182), Other grounding grids are externally connected with a lead-out port (183);
the output end of the direct current working voltage generator (2) is connected with a switch (8) through an input cable (161), the switch (8) is connected with an external grounding grid leading-out port 1(181) through a switch output cable (163), and the external grounding grid leading-out port 1(181) is connected with a grounding grid (17); one end of an external lead-out port 2(182) of the grounding grid is connected with the return cable (162), and the other end is connected with the grounding grid (17);
the grounding grid (17) is placed in the soil box (10), the soil box (10) is filled with soil, and the soil box (10) is connected with the grounding electrode 2 (32);
the direct current working voltage generator (2) is connected with the direct current working voltage generation controller (6), the direct current working voltage generation controller (6) is connected with the core control host (1), and the grounding end of the direct current working voltage generator (2) is connected with the grounding electrode 1 (31);
the direct current working current sensor (15) is sleeved on the switch output cable (163), the signal output end of the direct current working current sensor (15) is connected to the data acquisition unit (4) through the signal cable (12), and the data acquisition unit (4) is connected with the core control host (1);
the soil porosity detection sensor 1(141) is connected to the data collector (4) through a steel needle 1(131) through a signal cable (12); the soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) is connected to the data collector (4) through a steel needle 2(132) through a signal cable (12); the soil porosity detection sensor 1(141) and the soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) are arranged on a perpendicular bisector of the axial direction of the current subdivided section conductor, and the distance between the perpendicular bisector and the axial line is R;
the current sub-segment conductor is a grounding conductor of the grounding network between an external leading-out port 1(181) of the grounding network and an external leading-out port 2(182) of the grounding network;
the other external ground net leading-out ports (183) comprise M independent external ground net leading-out ports;
the soil porosity detection sensor 1(141), the soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) and the grounding net (17) are arranged in the soil box (10), and the external leading-out port 1(181) of the grounding net, the external leading-out port 2(182) of the grounding net and the external leading-out ports (183) of other grounding nets are half inserted in the soil box (10);
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: the soil porosity around the current fine segmented conductor is measured by a soil porosity detection sensor 1(141) and a soil porosity detection sensor 2(142) to respectively obtain the soil local porosity value m of the fine segmented conductor1、m2；
S2: the switch (8) is adjusted to switch on the switch (8), and the core control host (1) controls the direct-current working voltage generator controller (6) to set the direct-current working voltage generator (2) to output a voltage with the amplitude of U; meanwhile, a direct current working current sensor (15) measures the direct current working voltage response H of the current subdivision section conductor of the grounding grid (17)sThe response is transmitted to the data collector (4) through a signal cable (12) and finally transmitted to the core control host (1);
s3: adjusting an external lead-out port of a grounding grid connected with a switch output cable (163) and a backflow cable (162), and repeating the steps S1 and S2 to obtain a direct current working voltage response measured value of the N sections of the subdivided conductors and a soil local porosity value thereof;
the specific method for adjusting the external leading-out port of the grounding grid connected with the switch output cable (163) and the backflow cable (162) comprises the following steps: two optional external grounding grid leading-out ports with the distance D from the external grounding grid leading-out ports (183) and the external grounding grid leading-out ports 1(181) are respectively connected with the switch output cable (163) and the return cable (162), and the connection condition is not repeated every time;
s4: the evaluation factor J of the deterioration characteristic of the soil around the conductor based on the porosity of the soil was calculated from the following formula:
wherein m is the average value of the local porosity of the soil of the subdivided conductor, and m ═ m1+m2)/2；HzThe method comprises the steps that a direct-current voltage response reference value of a subdivided section conductor is obtained, alpha is an error coefficient, and eta is an integral variable;
s5: performing optimization modeling on a calculation formula of the soil degradation characteristic evaluation factors around the conductor by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, wherein the steps are as follows:
1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
2) the objective function value for each particle position is calculated according to equation (2):
wherein f (α) represents an objective function, HsiExpressing the measured DC working voltage response result of the i-th sub-divided conductor, JiRepresenting a soil degradation characteristic evaluation factor around the i-th segment of the subdivided segment conductor, wherein N is the segment number of the subdivided segment conductor;
3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole population;
4) updating the velocity and position of each particle;
5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting a searching result; otherwise, returning to the step 2);
6) obtaining an optimal value alpha according to optimization0Substituting the following formula (3) into the optimized theoretical formula:
in the formula JrRepresents an evaluation factor, alpha, of the deterioration characteristics of the soil around the conductor after optimization0The error coefficient is the optimal value;
s6: calculating comprehensive evaluation factor K of soil characteristics of grounding grid0：
In the formula, LiA weight correction factor representing the i-th subsection of the conductor, wherein JriRepresenting an evaluation factor of the soil degradation characteristics around the optimized i-th segment of the subdivided conductor;
when K is0∈(0，3]The characteristic of the grounding grid soil damage is good; when D is equal to (3, 7.9)]The characteristic of the soil damage of the grounding grid is general; when D epsilon (7.9, infinity), the soil hazard characteristics characterizing the grounding grid are serious.
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