WO2020255920A1 - 高い全光線透過率を持つポリイミド薄膜上に形成された触覚センサとそれを用いたスイッチングデバイス - Google Patents
高い全光線透過率を持つポリイミド薄膜上に形成された触覚センサとそれを用いたスイッチングデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020255920A1 WO2020255920A1 PCT/JP2020/023394 JP2020023394W WO2020255920A1 WO 2020255920 A1 WO2020255920 A1 WO 2020255920A1 JP 2020023394 W JP2020023394 W JP 2020023394W WO 2020255920 A1 WO2020255920 A1 WO 2020255920A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- tactile sensor
- thin film
- ferroelectric layer
- polyimide thin
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1082—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the tetracarboxylic moiety
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K17/964—Piezoelectric touch switches
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
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- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
- H10N30/302—Sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/704—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices based on piezoelectric or electrostrictive films or coatings
- H10N30/706—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices based on piezoelectric or electrostrictive films or coatings characterised by the underlying bases, e.g. substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/802—Circuitry or processes for operating piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. drive circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2427/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2427/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2427/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2427/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2465/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tactile sensor formed on a polyimide thin film having a high total light transmittance and a switching device using the tactile sensor.
- Printed electronics In recent years, in the field of electronic devices, printed electronics that manufacture electronic devices using printing technology have been attracting attention. Printed electronics can be broadly classified into two new technological elements. First, the wiring formation technology using metal particle ink and metal paste, which has been energetically developed in recent years, simplifies the process and reduces the cost, which cannot be realized by the conventional lithography method. The second is to replace the hard printed circuit board (PCB) with a polymer film having features such as thinness, flexibility, and elasticity to realize thinning and flexibility of electronic devices. The metal particle ink and the metal paste have a relationship of being bound to the polymer film at the interface, and this has a great influence on the wiring formability.
- PCB hard printed circuit board
- the formation state of the wiring is determined by the relationship between the surface free energy of each of the liquid or paste-like metal particle ink or metal paste and the solid polymer film.
- this surface free energy is influenced by the chemical composition of each of the metal particle ink and metal paste and the polymer film, that is, the dispersion and polarity at the molecular level. Therefore, in printed electronics, the understanding of surface free energy is understood. Is especially important.
- the target market is the fields of trillion (1 trillion) sensors (however, a wide variety of printed electronics, lasers, images, etc.), organic EL, and organic transistors, aiming for 2020-2030.
- Technological innovation to reduce or eliminate future problems such as population decline / aging, energy, environment / disaster, and widening regional disparity problems by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IoT, big data, AI (artificial intelligence) robots, etc.) It is said that it will be necessary.
- IoT abbreviation of Internet of Things
- AI Internet of Things
- the aim is to reduce the burden of status monitoring, which has traditionally relied on human hands, by monitoring the health status of patients in medical and nursing care facilities.
- robots that robots provide services in places close to humans have been created. It is recognized that such robots will play a major role in the future IoT society by being connected to the Internet, and in order for robots and humans to build a smooth relationship, robots must be "friendly" to humans. Is a requirement. From that point of view, the shape of the robot that is visually or tactilely perceived may have a large effect, so it must have a smooth curved surface shape and an appropriate balance between hardness and softness. It is no exaggeration to say that it affects whether or not robots will spread to the general life of robots.
- sensors manufactured by printed electronics must meet the user-demanded price of less than 500 yen / sensor module in the future.
- printed electronics is a wiring formation technology using metal particle ink or metal paste, which is different from the lithography method, but it is manufactured as "flexible hybrid electronics” using printing technology and existing lithography technology.
- IC integrated circuit
- This concept is a technology advocated mainly in the United States, and in addition to low cost and high performance as a whole product, it can provide excellent physical properties such as weight reduction, thin film, suppleness and toughness, and so far. Expected to be used for other purposes.
- polymer film substrate examples include polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET), polyethylene naphthalate (hereinafter referred to as PEN), polyetheretherketone (hereinafter referred to as PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (hereinafter referred to as PPS), and polyarylate (hereinafter referred to as PPS).
- Plastics such as PAR (hereinafter referred to as PAR), polyimide (hereinafter referred to as PI), polycarbonate (hereinafter referred to as PC), cellulose triacetate (hereinafter referred to as TAC), and cellulose acetate propionate (hereinafter referred to as CAP) are used.
- PAR polyimide
- PC polycarbonate
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- CAP cellulose acetate propionate
- Patent Document 2 discloses a device capable of detecting a person's lung activity, heartbeat, and the like with a vibration sensor in a bed and a bed laid on the floor, and detecting a person's health condition for 24 hours.
- the problem to be solved is to reduce the burden of long-term care work by monitoring the condition of patients sleeping in bed and the elderly.
- the respiratory activity of the lungs and the beating of the heart are detected by using polyvinylidene fluoride as the vibration sensor.
- the above-mentioned polyvinylidene fluoride is a piezoelectric material that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- a piezoelectric material the biological signal represented by the respiratory activity of the lungs and the beating of the heart is detected, that is, the biological signal is captured as mechanical energy and converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric material.
- Patent Document 2 the technical development for monitoring the technology has been actively carried out in recent years, but a detection device having a multi-touch function capable of tracking the input pressure has also been manufactured.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a pressure sensor containing a piezoelectric material. This is a configuration that combines a piezoelectric material and a field effect transistor structure, and is considered to be similar to a switch in that it has the function of flowing a current proportional to the applied stress.
- pressure sensors are not limited to those that use piezoelectric materials, but devices that detect the amount of deformation due to pressure as a resistance change are widely used.
- a recess is formed by etching the bottom surface of a single crystal silicon substrate to form an exposed pressure-causing portion on the bottom surface of the recess, and a strain gauge provided on the active layer above the recess is formed on the active layer. It has a structure including a conductive layer formed by sandwiching an insulating layer (Patent Document 6).
- PVDF has flexibility with respect to a pressure sensor, a gripping device, and a robot
- its deformation range is within the distortion range on the material
- Young's modulus is about 2 GPa
- high sensitivity is required.
- the sensor material is hard, and points out that there are the following problems when PVDF is used as a pressure-sensitive sensor that uses the so-called piezoelectric phenomenon, which generates a voltage signal due to deformation of the material.
- a sponge having a rubber composition such as silicon is suitable because the detection sensitivity is lowered and the object to be gripped is particularly soft.
- Patent Document 8 there is a similar invention relating to a wiring board equipped with a pressure sensor that can be suitably used as a pressure sensor represented by a skin tactile sensor of a humanoid robot, and the piezo plastic film is a porous piezo. It is said that a plastic film is preferable. The reason is that the porous piezoplastic film has piezoelectricity and does not have pyroelectricity, so it has an advantage that it is not easily affected by temperature changes, and a voltage is generated only by stress in the thickness direction.
- the pressure sensing sensor Since the voltage generated by the tension in the direction hardly occurs, it is not necessary to determine the arrangement interval of the pressure sensing sensor in consideration of the elongation in the surface direction, and it is said that the number of pressure-sensitive parts can be easily increased. Further, the PVDF piezo plastic film is easy to detect noise, and in order to reduce the generation of such noise, it is necessary to increase the arrangement interval of the pressure sensor to some extent, and the increase in the number of pressure sensitive parts is limited. In the pressure sensing sensor made of porous plastic film, voltage is generated only by stress in the thickness direction, and almost no voltage is generated by tension in the plane direction. Therefore, considering the elongation in the plane direction, the pressure sensing sensor It is not necessary to determine the arrangement interval, and it is said that the number of pressure-sensitive parts can be easily increased.
- the invention of sensors for healthcare devices, switches, and robot applications has been illustrated, but in such applications, it is beginning to be required that the sensors can be applied to three-dimensional objects having curved surfaces. That is, in order to realize an IoT society, it is necessary to attach a sensor to an object to collect information such as position, temperature, humidity, illuminance, and pressure, but from the viewpoint of design, the object has recently been curved or uneven. In many cases, it is a three-dimensional object with a surface, and the development of sensors using materials that flexibly adapt to such surfaces has begun, and printing devices and printing materials for forming circuit wiring on curved or uneven surfaces. It is expected that the above-mentioned printed electronics such as substrate materials can contribute as elemental technologies.
- Patent Document 9 uses a conductive paste with excellent adhesion that does not cause disconnection of the conductive portion even when heated and stretched. It is disclosed that a printing circuit and a touch sensor can be manufactured. Specifically, a conductive paste for molding using agglomerated silver particles is printed on a thermoplastic resin base material having a glass transition temperature of 80 ° C. or less by screen printing, and vacuum-formed into a three-dimensional structure by heat deformation. It is made by. At the time of molding, the conductive portion follows the molding shape and is elongated and deformed to 140%, and at this time, disconnection does not occur. However, forming the conductive portion directly on a three-dimensional structure such as a curved surface is not possible. Can not.
- Patent Document 10 discloses a method for producing a capacitive curved touch panel substrate by thermally molding a flat capacitive touch panel substrate on which electrodes are formed by sputtering into a three-dimensional shape by heating deformation. There is.
- the thermoforming temperature is set to 190 ° C., but transparent acrylic resin (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefin polymer (COP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc., which have heat resistant temperature characteristics higher than that temperature. It is carried out by using a resin as a panel substrate.
- Patent Documents 9 and 10 are both capacitive sensors manufactured by heat deformation.
- piezoelectric sensors using a piezoelectric material that converts mechanical energy into electric energy or electric energy into mechanical energy instead of the capacitance type, have been developed in large numbers. As illustrated in 2 and 3, it is generally made of a flat laminate.
- the piezoelectric sensor usually utilizes the property of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, the mechanical energy is deformation due to pressure, and the electrical energy is a voltage signal.
- An offset printing device has been developed as a printing device for forming circuit wiring on a curved surface.
- a stage for fixing and transporting a printing plate, a blanket, and an object to be printed a first mechanism in which the surface of the printing plate and the surface of the blanket move in contact with each other, and fixing on the surface of the blanket and the stage. It has a second mechanism that moves relative to the surface of the printed matter in contact with the printed matter, and a blanket in which PDMS rubber is wound on a metal cylinder is used.
- the conductive metal paste accepted by the PDMS rubber is printed by being deformed to fit the shape of a curved or uneven surface.
- the printed circuit wiring becomes conductive by subsequent heating and firing (Patent Document 11).
- PPS has a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C., and is unsuitable for firing at 100 to 200 ° C. under stressed conditions because it causes deformation.
- the glass transition temperature of PEN, PEEK, PPS, PAR, and PC exceeds 100 ° C, it can withstand firing at 100 to 200 ° C under stressed conditions, while these polymers are solutions. It is difficult to form a film substrate by the process, and it is not suitable for the above-mentioned purpose of thinning.
- the non-defective product rate is preferably at least 98.0%, more preferably 99.9% or more from the viewpoint of protecting the economy of consumers, quality assurance and accident prevention. It is hoped that it will be achieved.
- the detection devices shown in Patent Documents 2 and 3 can be monitored in real time by a computer, but the pressure applied to the device can be instantly sensuously and sensuously by human vision, touch, hearing, and the like. It cannot be detected easily.
- the detection device using PET as a substrate is produced by forming an electrode and a ferroelectric layer exhibiting piezoelectricity by a printing method and firing at 100 ° C. for a short time, but is essential for printing.
- there is a concern that malfunction may occur due to insufficient removal by firing at 100 ° C. for a short time.
- the pushbutton switch shown in Patent Document 4 is widely used and inexpensive, but the button protrudes from the base substrate by at least a millimeter order and cannot be thinned to a micron meter order.
- the switch needs to be installed on a flat surface, and it is difficult to adapt it to a complicated shape such as a curved surface.
- the pressure sensor shown in Patent Document 5 does not react at a weak pressure.
- the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode constituting the field effect transistor are arranged in the substrate, there is a problem that complicated morphogenesis is required.
- PEN and PI are used for the lower substrate, Theonex (registered trademark), which is a polymer film of PEN, Upirex (registered trademark), which is a polymer film of yellow to brown PI, and Kapton (registered trademark). ), A uniform electrode surface and a surface of a piezoelectric material are formed by a printing method, and there is a problem that the non-defective rate is low in which a switching device made of the piezoelectric material is stably driven.
- the pressure sensor shown in Patent Document 6 uses single crystal silicon, there is a limit to its thinness, and it does not have the properties of lightness and suppleness unlike a polymer film.
- the electronic device does not operate unless pressure is constantly applied, so that it is not suitable for an electronic device that switches between an on state and an off state with a pressure once applied.
- the pressure-sensitive sensor for robots or the pressure-sensing sensor exemplified in Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8 has excellent detection ability, but is a sensor considering strain stress when forming a sensor in three dimensions. However, if the function of the robot hand as a surface sensor is pursued and the piezoelectric sensing function in a porous or sponge state is pursued, the reality of repeated contact impacts is not felt.
- Patent Documents 9 and 10 which are inventions of forming a sensor on a curved surface, are capacitance type sensors that detect a weak change in current or charge amount, and can detect contact with a living body, but are non-living bodies. Contact with an object cannot be detected because it does not change the current.
- the wiring resistance increases due to the elongation of the conductive part during molding, and when a plurality of functional layers are laminated, the curvature of each layer is different, so the materials that can be used are limited. Furthermore, it is not possible to easily incorporate the sensor into a three-dimensional structure having a wide variety of small quantities and various curved surfaces.
- the piezoelectric sensor generates a voltage due to deformation due to pressure regardless of whether it is a living body or a non-living body. Therefore, it is possible to detect a slight contact with various objects. If it can be formed into a three-dimensional object having a surface, it can be expected that the variation of the sensing object will expand. Although it is possible to form a simple circuit wiring in a three-dimensional structure by a printing method (Patent Document 11), it is necessary to develop a technology for a sensor function that detects information received from the outside world.
- Inexpensive, lightweight, thin film polymer film substrates formed by firing and electronic devices made from these substrates are used in welfare medical applications, wearable device applications, RFID applications, smartphones, tablet terminals, etc.
- the present invention is light, supple and tough, so that it can be applied to various three-dimensional objects such as flat surfaces and curved surfaces of three-dimensional objects. It is possible to thin the film by forming a polymer thin film from the varnish without being noticeable, and it is possible to provide a tactile sensor that stably drives with a high non-defective rate and a device that has a switch function using the sensor.
- the glass transition temperature is 250 ° C. or higher and 310 ° C. or lower
- the tensile strength is 250 MPa or lower
- the elongation rate is 30% or lower
- the total light transmittance is 80% or higher
- the polar component of surface free energy is 1.5 to 10 mJ / m is 2
- a tactile sensor having a second electrode printed so as to overlap the first electrode, and when a living body such as a finger touches the electrode, the tactile sensor emits a voltage signal and is mixed with the voltage signal.
- the present invention relates to a switching device that promotes the driving of other devices via an electronic circuit that controls noise derived from the environment.
- a printing technique that can be formed on a surface having various shapes such as a flat surface and a curved surface of a three-dimensional object, is lightweight, thin, has suppleness and toughness, and is suitable for the surrounding color to be arranged. It is possible to provide a switching device that promotes the driving of other devices by light contact with a sensor portion composed of an electrode, a ferroelectric substance, and a polyimide thin film having a specific high total light transmittance, at a high product non-defective rate.
- the tactile sensor shows a laminated structure when it is formed by using a support having a Gaussian curvature of 0 cm -2 and when it is formed by using a support having an absolute value of 0.04 cm -2 or less. It shows the generated voltage waveform that is transformed by the noise received from the human body itself and the environment when the tactile sensor part is touched with a finger. It shows a circuit example when an RC low-pass filter is used to remove noise of a commercial power frequency (50 Hz), and the frequency dependence of its gain. It shows one circuit example of a Sallen-Key low-pass filter for removing noise of a commercial power frequency (50 Hz), and the frequency dependence of the gain.
- FIG. 4 shows an electronic circuit, that is, a switching device, which is connected to the tactile sensor of Examples 1 to 6 and has a switch function for controlling transformation due to noise received from the human body itself and the environment.
- a voltage signal in which noise generated by the tactile sensor when the tactile sensor of the switching device produced in Example 1 is touched with a finger is superimposed, and the noise is controlled to switch between an on state voltage and an off state voltage.
- the electronic circuits compared and contrasted in Comparative Example 6 show that the noise received from the human body itself and the environment cannot be controlled.
- the electronic circuit of FIG. 8 shows a voltage change in which the voltage cannot be switched between the on state and the off state even if the tactile sensor is touched with a finger.
- the polyimide thin film 2 according to the present embodiment is procured as a film and fixed on the surface of a support (hereinafter referred to as a flat support) 1 having a Gaussian curvature of 0 cm- 2 , or the flat support 1
- a polyimide thin film 2 is formed on the surface through a step of applying a varnish described later, or a support having a Gaussian curvature of 0.04 cm- 2 or less in absolute value (hereinafter referred to as a three-dimensional support) 1'.
- the polyimide thin film 2 is formed through a step of applying a varnish described later on the surface, and is used as a state of being adhered to these surfaces.
- the plane support 1 or the three-dimensional support 1' is only a support necessary for the process of manufacturing the tactile sensor, and after the tactile sensor is manufactured, the plane support 1 or the three-dimensional support 1' It may be used as it is attached to the surface, or it may be peeled off and attached to another flat surface or three-dimensional object.
- the polyimide thin film 2 in the state of a film is procured, fixed to the flat support 1, and used as a support for printing the first electrode 3, the ferroelectric layer 4, and the second electrode 5, which will be described later.
- the flat support 1 can be used even if it has low heat resistance.
- Specific examples thereof include glass, metal, plastic and the like, and the glass is not particularly limited, but includes soda-lime glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass and the like.
- the metal is also not particularly limited, but alloys such as iron, aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper, silver, tungsten, platinum, gold and stainless steel can be used.
- plastic materials such as polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and PET, which do not necessarily have high heat resistance, can be used without any problem.
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PET PET
- this is limited to the printing process, and when heating while being fixed to the flat support 1 in the heating process of the first electrode 3, the ferroelectric layer 4, and the second electrode 5, which will be described later, , It is necessary to select the flat support 1 in consideration of the heating temperature condition.
- the varnish is a polyamic acid varnish which is a starting material of the polyimide thin film 2, and requires a dehydration / cyclization reaction by heating at 280 to 320 ° C. Therefore, the support has 280 to 320. Heat resistance of °C is required. Therefore, a plastic selected from polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamideimide (PAI), etc., which exhibit heat resistance at this temperature, is preferable.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PI polyimide
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PAI polyamideimide
- a surface represented by Gaussian curvature can take a plane containing the normal vector from a normal vector perpendicular to the surface at any one point on the surface. From the overlap of the plane and the surface, a cross-sectional line represented by two-dimensional coordinates can be obtained. When the cross-sectional line becomes a curve, a curvature (which is the inverse of the radius of the arc when the curve is approximated to an arc) can be obtained by approximating the curve to an arc.
- the curvature in each direction of 360 ° is obtained.
- the product of the maximum value and the minimum value is called Gaussian curvature, and the state of the curved surface can be quantified.
- Gaussian curvature is a positive value, it is a convex curved surface, and when the Gaussian curvature is a negative value, it is a concave curved surface.
- the sharpness and smoothness of the curved surface cannot be intuitively understood from the magnitude of the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature, but when observing each curve, the larger the curvature, the sharper the curve. The smaller the curvature, the smoother the curve.
- the cross-sectional line is a straight line, so if the straight line is approximated by a circle, it will be approximated by a circle with an infinite radius, so the minimum value of curvature will be 0. Therefore, the Gaussian curvature is zero.
- the side surface of a cylinder or cone is sensuously a curved line, but if you take the normal vector of any point on the curved line, take the plane containing the normal vector, and look at the overlap between the plane and the curved line. Since the cross section is a quadrangle for a cylinder and an isosceles triangle for a cone, the cross section is a straight line, so the minimum value of the curvature is 0, and therefore the Gaussian curvature is 0.
- the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature in this embodiment is 0.04 cm- 2 or less, that is, in the case of a curved surface that can be approximated to a spherical surface, a curved surface having a radius of curvature defined as the reciprocal of the curvature of 5 cm or more is preferable. I found out. Since the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature is set to 0.04 cm -2 or less, the side surface of a plane, a cylinder or a cone having a Gaussian curvature of 0 is also included in the present embodiment.
- the polyimide thin film 2, the first electrode 3, the ferroelectric layer 4, and the second electrode 5 formed on the three-dimensional support 1' will be described later. Formation difficulties occur.
- the polyimide thin film 2, the first electrode 3, the ferroelectric layer 4, and the second electrode 5 in the present embodiment are formed on the three-dimensional support 1'by printing or coating in a liquid state such as varnish, paste, or ink. Therefore, if the absolute value of Gaussian curvature is larger than 0.04 cm -2 , it will flow in the direction of gravity. This phenomenon is more remarkable as it contains a component having a lower surface tension, and this is important when forming any layer.
- the absolute value of Gaussian curvature has an upper limit value, that is, the sharpness of the curved surface has an upper limit due to the influence of the surface tension.
- the absolute value of Gaussian curvature is larger than 0.04 cm- 2 , it is confirmed that the varnish of the ferroelectric layer flows, and as a result, it is confirmed that a uniform layer without defects cannot be formed. Was done.
- the varnish forming the polyimide thin film 2 whose surface tension is not as low as that of the ferroelectric layer 4 varnish, the paste forming the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 5, and the ink have an absolute value of Gaussian curvature of 0.04 cm. It may be possible to form even a curved surface larger than -2, but for example, if the absolute value of Gaussian curvature is larger than 1 cm -2 , not only the problem of the paste and ink flow but also the problem that the printing device cannot deal with. Get up. For this reason, in this embodiment, it is appropriate that the absolute value of Gaussian curvature is 0.04 cm- 2 or less.
- the polyimide thin film 2 having a high total light transmittance is a polyimide capable of forming a film by reacting a diamine compound having an alicyclic structure with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and has a glass transition temperature of 250 ° C.
- the tensile strength is 250 MPa or less
- the elongation rate is 30% or less
- the total light transmittance is 80% or more
- the polar component of the surface free energy is 1.5 to 10 mJ / m 2 , and the following general formula (1). ) Is included.
- the planar support 1 is made of a polyamic acid varnish represented by the general formula (2), which is a starting material of polyimide. It can also be obtained by coating on the surface of the varnish or on the surface of the three-dimensional support 1', removing the organic solvent contained in the varnish by heating at 280 to 320 ° C., and dehydrating / cyclizing the polyamic acid.
- the polyamic acid varnish represented by the general formula (2) is obtained by reacting a diamine compound having an alicyclic structure with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride in an organic solvent.
- the diamine compounds used as the starting material for the polyamic acid of the general formula (2) are 2,5-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane and 2,6-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane.
- 1,4-Cyclohexanediamine, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, tetracarboxylic dianhydride is pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid It is preferably selected from dianhydrides.
- X in the formula (1) is at least one alicyclic group selected from the group consisting of the following structures.
- diamine compound used as the starting material of the general formula (2) is 2,5-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, 2,5-diexo-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] Heptane, 2-endo-5-exo-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, 2,5-diendo-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane are mentioned as stereoisomers.
- diamine compound is 2,6-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, 2,6-diexo-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, 2-endo-6-exo-diamino Methyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane and 2,6-diendo-diaminomethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane are listed as stereoisomers, and in the case of 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, cis-1.
- 4-Cyclohexanediamine, trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine are listed as stereoisomers, and in the case of 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, cis-1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, trans- 1,4-Bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane is mentioned as a stereoisomer. These isomers may be used alone or as a mixture.
- examples of the diamine compound include cyclobutanediamine, cyclohexanediamine, di (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, diaminobicycloheptane, diaminomethylbicycloheptane (including norbornandiamines such as norbornandiamine), diaminooxybicycloheptane, and diaminomethyloxy.
- bicycloheptane including oxanorbornenediamine
- isophorone diamine diaminotricyclodecane
- diaminomethyltricyclodecane diaminomethyltricyclodecane
- bis (aminocyclohexyl) isopropylidene, etc. May be good.
- the structure may have a substituent that is relatively stable to the environment such as heat, air, water, light and humidity.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride for example, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfide dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) methane dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanedianhydride, 1,3-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzenedianhydride, 1, 4-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride, 4,4'-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) biphenyl dianhydride, 2,2-bis [(3,4-dicarboxy) Phenoxy) phen
- the organic solvent used to produce the polyamic acid of the general formula (2) in the varnish is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent capable of dissolving the diamine and the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, but for example, phenol, o-.
- Ether solvents pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picolin, ⁇ -picolin, ⁇ -picolin, isophorone, piperidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, etc.
- Amin-based solvent methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1 , 2-Propanediol, 1,3-Propanediol, 1,3-Butanediol, 1,4-Butanediol, 2,3-Butanediol, 1,5-Pentanediol, 2-Buten 1,4-diol, Water-soluble alcohol solvents such as 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, diacetone alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylsulfone, diphenylether, sulfolane, diphenylsulfone, tetramethylurea, anisole, benzene , Toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, m-
- aprotonic or similar amide solvents are preferable, and N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylacetamide, N-methylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, More preferred are 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methylcaprolactam and hexamethylphosphorotriamide.
- the tensile strength of the formed polyimide thin film 2 exceeds 250 MPa, the hardness of the film becomes remarkable, which is unsuitable in terms of suppleness. Further, there is a correlation between the tensile strength and the glass transition temperature, and the glass transition temperature needs to be 310 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of the tensile strength. Further, if the film is easily stretched, the shape of the print forming object such as an electrode cannot be maintained. Therefore, the elongation rate must be 30% or less so that the film does not stand out in the place where the tactile sensor is arranged. The total light transmittance needs to be 80% or more.
- the film thickness of the polyimide thin film 2 according to the present embodiment is 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 350 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the first electrode 3 formed on the polyimide thin film 2 according to the present embodiment is formed by drawing a metal particle ink, a metal paste, a conductive carbon material, a conductive polymer material, and a conductive organic compound by a printing technique and firing them. Can be formed by.
- examples of the metal particle ink and the metal paste include metal particles such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron, platinum, palladium, tin, chromium, and lead, and silver.
- metal alloys such as palladium, thermally decomposable metal compounds such as silver oxide, organic silver, and organic gold that thermally differentiate to give conductive metals at relatively low temperatures, zinc oxide (ZnO), and indium tin oxide (ITO).
- ZnO zinc oxide
- ITO indium tin oxide
- gold, silver and copper metals are preferably used.
- the volume resistivity varies depending on the metal type used and the heating and firing temperature conditions, but for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10-6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm is preferable.
- the conductive carbon material for example, there are conductive carbon compounds such as graphite, acetylene black, furnace carbon black, thermal carbon black, graphite and carbon nanotubes, and the volume resistance thereof is the material type used and the heating and firing temperature. Although it depends on the conditions, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 to 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm is preferable.
- the conductive polymer material include polythiophene, polyethylenedioxythiophene / polystyrene sulfonic acid (hereinafter referred to as PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyparaphenylene vinylene, and derivatives thereof.
- Conjugated organic compounds may be mentioned, and their volume resistance varies depending on the material type used, the concentration of dopant, and the heating and firing temperature conditions, but for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10-5 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm is preferable. ..
- Known metal particle inks, metal pastes, conductive carbon materials, conductive polymer materials, and conductive organic compounds can also be used. These viscosities at room temperature (25 ° C.) are in the range of 0.001 to 1200 Pa ⁇ s, for example. It is preferably 1 to 500 Pa ⁇ s, and the viscosity can be adjusted with a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, dimethoxyethane or dioxane, and aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene or ethylbenzene.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, dimethoxyethane or dioxane
- aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene or ethylbenzene.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclic hydrocarbons, pentane, hexane or heptane, aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane or decalin, methylenedichloride, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, chlorobenzene or trichlorobenzene.
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as, and esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a leveling agent may be used in combination with these, and a polymer compound may be contained to perform the functions of the metal particle ink, the metal paste, the conductive carbon material, the conductive polymer material, and the conductive organic compound. It may be complemented. Although not particularly limited, for example, an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin may be mixed in order to impart adhesiveness or adjust elasticity.
- the sensor is used when the tactile sensor finally produced is peeled off from the three-dimensional support 1'and attached to another three-dimensional object having the same Gaussian curvature. May be subject to large stress.
- a metal paste to which an elastomer is added (hereinafter referred to as a stretchable conductive paste) may be used for the purpose of relieving the stress.
- the first electrode 3 according to the present embodiment can be made inconspicuous in size so that it exists in an inconspicuous state on the surface of a flat surface or a three-dimensional object to be finally mounted. That is, by making the size of the electrodes as small as possible and arranging them in an array at a certain density, it is possible to make the device inconspicuous.
- the area of the electrode is not particularly limited, but the area of one electrode is formed in the range of 5.0 ⁇ 10 -3 to 25 cm 2 , preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -2-15 cm 2 . The range.
- the shape is also not particularly limited, but a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, an ellipse, or a combination of these shapes is preferable.
- a printing method for coating on the above polyimide thin film 2 soft blanket gravure offset printing, inkjet printing, dispenser, screen printing, gravure offset printing, flexo printing, letterpress reversal printing, spin coat coating, spray coat coating, blade coating Coating, dip coating coating, cast coating, roll coating coating, bar coating coating, die coating coating and the like can be mentioned, and the above-mentioned various electrode materials can be used according to each printing method.
- soft blanket gravure offset printing and printing on a three-dimensional object are possible.
- examples include inkjet printing and dispensers that can be applied to three-dimensional objects.
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- the metal particle ink, the metal paste, the conductive carbon material, the conductive polymer material, the conductive organic compound, or the stretchable conductive paste is directly coated on the polyimide thin film 2.
- the first electrode 3 is drawn. After that, it can be fired to form a laminated body on which the first electrode 3 is formed. It may be fired in the atmosphere or in an inert gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas. At that time, the laminate may be printed and / or fired by fixing heat-resistant tape, vacuum suction, or heat-adhering it on a hard and smooth surface table or plate such as glass, stainless steel, or high heat-resistant plastic in advance. it can.
- the firing temperature is 80 to 200 ° C, preferably 80 to 180 ° C, and more preferably 80 to 160 ° C.
- a uniform and strong adhesive or fusion interface can be formed at the interface between the polyimide thin film 2 and the fired first electrode 3.
- a light firing method using a xenon flash lamp, a heating firing method on an oven or a plate using an infrared heater, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the first electrode 3 formed thereby is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 500 nm to 100 ⁇ m, and further preferably 500 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- a vinylidene fluoride polymer and a copolymer containing vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene as constituent units are used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- Copolymers containing fluorine atoms using these structural units have three types of crystal structures: ⁇ -type, ⁇ -type, and ⁇ -type. Of these, only the ⁇ -type crystal structure is subjected to orientation polarization by applying an electric field. It has a high dielectric constant and has the property of exhibiting ferroelectricity. Since this ferroelectricity leads to the development of piezoelectricity and can be used as a tactile sensor, it is important to effectively obtain a ⁇ -type crystal structure.
- Polyvinylidene fluoride which uses vinylidene fluoride as a single monomer, is usually of the ⁇ type, and needs to be transferred to the ⁇ type by uniaxial stretching, which requires a large-scale facility for stretch molding.
- the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene can easily form a ⁇ -type crystal structure by a printing method using a solution. Considering the handling as a solution, a copolymer containing vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene as constituent units is preferably used.
- a vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene copolymer having a molar ratio of vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene of 95/5 to 50/50 (Hereinafter referred to as P (VDF-TrFE)) is preferably used, more preferably its molar ratio is 90/10 to 70/30, and even more preferably its molar ratio is 80/20 to 70/30. is there.
- a method for forming the P (VDF-TrFE) layer of the ferroelectric layer 4 a method of dissolving the copolymer in an organic solvent to form a varnish is preferable.
- the method of applying the varnish is not particularly limited, but the printing method of applying the varnish on the first electrode 3 of the laminate formed on the flat support 1 includes soft blanket gravure offset printing, inkjet printing, a dispenser, and a screen. Examples thereof include printing, gravure offset printing, flexographic printing, letterpress reversal printing, spin coat coating, spray coat coating, blade coating coating, dip coating coating, cast coating, roll coating coating, bar coating coating, and die coating coating.
- the type and combination of organic solvents used to form the P (VDF-TrFE) varnish of the strong dielectric layer 4 are not particularly limited, but for example, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, decahydronaphthalene, and the like.
- the solvent is removed by heating the coating film, and P (VDF-TrFE) mainly forms a ⁇ -type crystal structure, but forms a P (VDF-TrFE) layer having a ⁇ -type crystal structure.
- the copolymer is heated to a temperature at which the polarization disappears, that is, a temperature equal to or higher than the Curie temperature to eliminate the polarization that was initially held, and then to a temperature below the temperature at which the copolymer is transferred to a ⁇ -type crystal structure. It is necessary to slowly cool it.
- the heating temperature is 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 60 to 140 ° C., and more preferably 90 to 140 ° C.
- the thickness of the ferroelectric layer 4 thus formed is not particularly limited, but considering that the orientation polarization should be promoted by applying a relatively low electric field in consideration of safety and economy, it is considered.
- the thickness is preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 to 7.0 ⁇ m in order to form the ferroelectric layer without defects and to obtain the residual polarization by applying a low electric field. Is desirable.
- the second electrode 5 formed on the strong dielectric layer 4 is made of the same metal as the first electrode 3 so as to overlap the first electrode 3 with the strong dielectric layer 4 sandwiched in the cross-sectional direction.
- a particle ink, a metal paste, a conductive carbon material, a conductive polymer material, a conductive organic compound, or a stretchable conductive paste can be drawn by a printing technique and fired to form.
- the metal particle ink metal paste, conductive carbon material, conductive polymer material, conductive organic compound, or stretchable conductive paste according to the present embodiment, known materials can be used. Similar to the first electrode 3, the viscosities of these at room temperature (25 ° C.) are, for example, in the range of 0.001 to 1200 Pa ⁇ s. It is preferably 1 to 500 Pa ⁇ s, and the viscosity can be adjusted with a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as in the case of the first electrode 3, but for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, dimethoxyethane or dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene or Aromatic cyclic hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane or heptane, aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane or decalin, methylenedichloride, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane. , Halogenized hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene or trichlorobenzene, esters such as methyl acetate or e
- a leveling agent may be used in combination with these, and a polymer compound may be contained to contain the above-mentioned metal particle ink, metal paste, conductive carbon material, conductive polymer material, conductive organic compound, or stretcher.
- the function of the bullish conductive paste may be complemented.
- an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin may be mixed in order to impart adhesiveness or adjust elasticity. When the viscosity is in the above range, the coating printing method can be appropriately selected.
- the area of the second electrode 5 is not particularly limited, but the area thereof is the same as that of the first electrode 3, and the area of one electrode is formed in the range of 5.0 ⁇ 10 -3 to 25 cm 2 .
- the range is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10-2 to 15 cm 2 .
- the shape is also not particularly limited, but a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, an ellipse, or the like is preferable.
- a printing method for coating on the strong dielectric layer 4 of the laminate formed in 1 soft blanket gravure offset printing, inkjet printing, dispenser, screen printing, gravure offset printing, flexo printing, letterpress reversal printing, spin coat coating , Spray coat coating, blade coat coating, dip coat coating, cast coating, roll coating coating, bar coating coating, die coating coating, etc., and the various electrode materials described above can be used according to each printing method. ..
- soft blanket gravure offset printing inkjet printing capable of printing on a three-dimensional object, and coating on a three-dimensional object are possible.
- Examples include dispensers, but when soft blanket gravure offset printing is used, PDMS rubber, which has low surface free energy and is lipophilic, is often used for the soft blanket, so it contains a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent. It is preferable to use a conductive polymer material mainly containing a metal particle ink, a metal paste, an alcohol solvent, or a stretchable conductive paste.
- the metal particle ink, the metal paste, the conductive carbon material, the conductive polymer material, the conductive organic compound, or the stretchable conductive paste is directly applied onto the ferroelectric layer 4. It can be coated and the second electrode 5 is drawn. Then, it can be fired to form a laminated body on which the second electrode 5 is formed. It may be fired in the atmosphere or in an inert gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas. At that time, the laminate may be printed and / or fired by fixing heat-resistant tape, vacuum suction, or heat-adhering it on a hard and smooth surface table or plate such as glass, stainless steel, or high heat-resistant plastic in advance. it can.
- the firing temperature is different from that of the first electrode 3, and needs to be set in consideration of the Curie temperature of the ferroelectric layer 4. That is, by heating at a temperature equal to or lower than the Curie temperature of the ferroelectric layer 4, the crystal structure of the ferroelectric layer is not changed.
- the firing temperature is 50 to 140 ° C, preferably 60 to 130 ° C, and more preferably 90 to 130 ° C.
- a light firing method using a xenon flash lamp, a heating firing method on an oven or a plate using an infrared heater, or the like may be used. The requirement is that the temperature be within the above range.
- the thickness of the second electrode 5 formed thereby is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 500 nm to 100 ⁇ m, and further preferably 500 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume resistivity of the electrode differs depending on the material used and the firing temperature conditions in consideration of the Curie temperature, but the range is the same as that of the first electrode 3.
- the ferroelectric layer 4 has a structure polarized in the electric field application direction by applying an electric field through the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 5. If the ferroelectric layer 4 and the electrode are properly formed, a polarization-electric field hysteresis curve (hereinafter referred to as PE curve) is drawn, and the amount of polarization when the electric field is zero in the curve, that is, residual polarization can be obtained. .. Vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene constituting P (VDF-TrFE) has a molar ratio in the range of 95/5 to 50/50, and the residual polarization is preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ C / cm 2 depending on the crystallinity.
- the residual polarization leads to the development of piezoelectricity that generates a voltage signal when the ferroelectric layer 4 is deformed by pressure.
- a pressure is applied by a human finger or the like by utilizing the piezoelectricity, it becomes a tactile sensor that detects contact and the residual polarization is 6.5 to 9.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- the tactile sensor may be used as it is attached to the formed flat support 1 or three-dimensional support 1', or may be peeled off from the support and attached to another flat surface or three-dimensional object for use. Is also good.
- an adhesive or double-sided tape that can be adhered at a temperature of room temperature or higher may be sandwiched between the polyimide thin film and the three-dimensional object. Since heat resistance is not necessarily required for the flat surface or the three-dimensional object for this attachment, it can be applied to a three-dimensional object using various materials such as plastic, glass, metal, and paper.
- either the first electrode 3 or the second electrode 5 of the tactile sensor is grounded as a ground electrode, and the first electrode 3 or the second electrode 5 facing the ground electrode is a specific electronic circuit.
- the main factors in the noise include a 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC commercial power supply, generation due to vibration of a flat surface or a three-dimensional object to which a tactile sensor is attached, and the like.
- FIG. 2 shows a state when noise derived from an AC commercial power source is superimposed on the contact. It was confirmed that the contact was detected at the point showing the highest voltage value in FIG.
- the method of controlling noise and extracting only the contact as a voltage signal is not particularly limited, but an electromagnetic wave shielding film (conductive material, external electrode, insulating material) that protects the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 5 is not particularly limited. Etc.), a method of using a coaxial cable for wiring, a method of using various filter circuits (low-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-pass filter, etc.), a method of using a comparator, etc. A plurality of combinations may be used.
- the method of detecting the weak pressure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include amplification of the generated voltage by an operational amplifier.
- the surface free energy of the polyimide thin film 2 according to the present embodiment affects the performance of the tactile sensor.
- the above-mentioned metal particle ink, metal paste, conductive carbon material, conductive polymer material, or conductive organic compound, or stretchable conductive paste is applied onto the polyimide thin film 2 as the first electrode 3.
- This energy can be decomposed into polar and dispersed components, the total amount of which is at least 15-80 mJ / m 2 , more preferably 25-70 mJ / m 2 , and particularly preferably 30-60 mJ / m. It is 2 .
- Each can be determined by the contact angle of different liquids.
- the tactile sensor in the embodiment of the present invention, as described above, it is the sum of the polar component and the dispersed component, but this energy component having an influence is controlled by the polar component rather than the dispersed component, and the surface free energy of the polar component.
- the range of is 1.5 to 10 mJ / m 2 , preferably 2.0 to 8.0 mJ / m 2 , and even more preferably 2.5 to 6.0 mJ / m 2 .
- the tactile sensor can be formed by an electronic circuit capable of avoiding noise.
- the method is not particularly limited, but for example, various flip-flop circuits (Reset-Set flip-flop, Delay-flip-flop, and JK-flip-flop, Toggle-flip-flop, etc. manufactured by using these) can be used.
- flip-flop circuits Reset-Set flip-flop, Delay-flip-flop, and JK-flip-flop, Toggle-flip-flop, etc. manufactured by using these
- a Toggle-flip-flop made from a Delay-flip-flop is preferable because the circuit can be simplified by using only one input terminal and it is easily available.
- the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment will be briefly described as a specific example.
- the polyimide thin film 2 according to the present embodiment is formed via a varnish of polyamic acid. That is, the diamine compound and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride are dissolved in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to generate a polyamic acid to form a varnish.
- the varnish is applied onto the surface of the flat support 1 of borosilicate glass, for example, the blade coater is made of a spherical surface of borosilicate glass having a curved surface with an absolute value of Gaussian curvature of 0.04 cm- 2 or less.
- soft blanket gravure offset printing is used.
- the polyimide thin film 2 is obtained by firing the coated support in an inert gas stream such as nitrogen or in a reduced pressure atmosphere at 320 ° C. for 2 hours. It is convenient in terms of the process that the polyimide thin film 2 is attached to the flat support 1 or the three-dimensional support 1'and then proceeds to the formation of the first electrode 3, the ferroelectric layer 4, and the second electrode 5. However, it does not limit the use by peeling from the flat support 1 or the three-dimensional support 1'.
- the first electrode 3 is formed on the polyimide thin film 2 on the flat support 1 according to the present embodiment, for example, by screen printing, the first electrode is formed on the polyimide thin film 2 on the three-dimensional support 1'.
- an alcohol solution of PEDOT / PSS manufactured by Heraeus
- a first electrode 3 having a thickness of 100 nm to 1000 ⁇ m of PEDOT / PSS is obtained by heating and baking.
- the polyimide thin film 2 on the support 1' is coated on the first electrode 3 by coating with a varnish.
- the solvent is evaporated by firing at 50 to 150 ° C., and a P (VDF-TrFE) layer having a ⁇ -type crystal structure and a thickness of 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m is obtained.
- PEDOT / PSS is applied onto the P (VDF-TrFE) layer in the same manner as the first electrode, and calcined at 50 to 140 ° C.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 100 nm to 1000 ⁇ m.
- an operational amplifier having an active element such as a transistor is used rather than a passive type filter using only passive elements such as a resistor and a capacitor.
- the active type filter that has been used is suitable. For example, let us compare the characteristics of the passive low-pass filter shown in FIG. 3 and the active Sallen-Key low-pass filter shown in FIG. A voltage in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 100 Hz was input to the circuits of FIGS. 3 and 4, and the gain shown by the following equation was obtained.
- the active Sallen-Key low-pass filter in FIG. 4 has a significantly lower gain at frequencies of 50 Hz and above, and thereby above that frequency. It can be seen that the noise is attenuated by passing through the filter. As a result, it becomes possible to specifically detect only the contact with the object.
- the active-type low-pass filter is not limited to the Sallen-Key low-pass filter shown in FIG. 4, and may be configured by an appropriate active-type low-pass filter according to the noise generation state.
- the above-mentioned active type filter is a noise control method based on a so-called analog electronic circuit, but a high or low-only digital circuit can also be used as a noise control method.
- the voltage signal generated by the tactile sensor is amplified by an operational amplifier, the mixed noise is also amplified, but when a comparator, which is a digital circuit, is connected, the voltage generated by the tactile sensor is generated. It can be turned on and noise can be turned off.
- the switching function can be obtained by providing the Toggle-flip-flop as shown in FIG. 6 as shown in the examples.
- FIG. 7 the voltage could be switched between the on state and the off state by touching the tactile sensor with a finger.
- a switching device has been implemented in which the voltage applied to the LED and / or the oscillator is switched between on and off in response to the pressure of a finger touch.
- the on and off states of the voltage may be recognized not only by sight but also by other senses such as touch and hearing. That is, the switching device in the present embodiment may have a cognitive unit (LED, speaker, etc.) for sensuously recognizing the on state and the off state of the voltage.
- a cognitive unit LED, speaker, etc.
- the pressure detected by the tactile sensor is converted into a voltage signal, which switches the electronic circuit between the on state and the off state.
- a light emitter such as an LED or an organic EL and an oscillator (vibrator) operate, and other devices can be driven at the same time.
- the pressure converted into this voltage signal is light with a finger and can be driven on and off by touching it flexibly.
- the electrodes, ferroelectrics, and electrodes are placed on a polyimide film having a high total light transmittance represented by the general formula (1) in which the polar component of the surface free energy is 1.5 to 10 mJ / m 2 .
- the thickness of this sensor is 5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the voltage signal of the tactile sensor and the on / off state information of the switching device obtained in this way are then digitized by analog-to-digital conversion and transmitted to the computer by wireless communication to remotely grasp the information.
- the sensor is attached to the surface of the robot, for example, it is possible to use a mechanism for avoiding a strong collision between the human body or the like and the robot with which the sensor is in contact.
- a digital terminal such as a smartphone, smart watch, or tablet terminal having a communication function widely used in recent years, but USB cable or jack cable transmission.
- a digital terminal such as a smartphone, smart watch, or tablet terminal having a communication function widely used in recent years, but USB cable or jack cable transmission.
- USB cable or jack cable transmission it does not mean that there is any problem, and it does not limit the combined use.
- NFC Near Field Communication
- ISO / IEC 14443, 18092, 15693, and 21481 international standards
- Standard wireless communication can be used, and so-called passive electronic devices can be manufactured.
- an IC tag having these communication functions an information function may be mounted to have the function as an RFID. It may be an active electronic device equipped with a battery.
- Bluetooth basic rate / enhanced data rate Bluetooth Low Energy ( ⁇ 5 m)
- Bluetooth Low Energy ⁇ 5 m
- 2.4 GHz frequency band that can be used at a frequency of 2.4 GHz
- 900 MHz band for example, 920 MHz ( ⁇ 100 m)
- 800 MHz band such as UHF and ZigBee
- a 0.7 to 2.0 GHz band in the 4 G communication band a 3.0 to 4.1 GHz band in the 5 GSub6 band, a 27.00 to 29.50 GHz band in the 5 G millimeter wave band, and the like can also be used.
- the tactile sensor of the present embodiment can be formed with a transmission / reception antenna for information communication by a coating printing technique, and a bendable or stretchable electronic device using this can be provided. be able to.
- the tactile sensor is provided with various existing inexpensive integrated circuits (ICs) and resistors for controlling voltage from the sensor as described above. It is a device that temporarily replaces the physical quantity of the information of 1591838529844_1 with 1591838529844_2 and further converts it so that it can be read by humans, and the signal acquired by the electric circuit is AD conversion that replaces the analog signal with the digital signal. A device can be used to convert the measurement results into human readable by software.
- ICs integrated circuits
- the tactile sensor includes integrated circuits (ICs) such as CMOS, AD conversion circuits and noise reduction circuits used for rectification and signal conversion, resistors, amplifiers, lasers, light emitters such as organic EL and LED light, and the like. It is necessary to install various electronic components and connection wirings such as communication devices such as NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-SUN, UHF and ZigBee in an economically inexpensive manner and in a durable manner.
- ICs integrated circuits
- the soldering method here may be performed manually by soldering threads using a soldering iron, but the flow method or reflow method is a method that is often used industrially.
- any method may be selected, but the solder paste is squeegee-printed on the printed circuit board, and the paste is squeezed on a screen such as a stainless steel metal mask having holes in the parts for mounting electronic components.
- the above-mentioned tactile sensor substrate formed in the present embodiment and the mounted electronic components are preheated in the reflow furnace before the main heating, and a sudden thermal shock to the components is performed. Avoidance, flux activation, solvent vaporization, etc. may be performed.
- the preheating temperature is in the range of 100 to 150 ° C.
- the main heating is performed at 140 to 180 ° C. in a short heating time. Can be done.
- the cooling may be natural cooling, but it can also be rapidly cooled to avoid thermal stress of electronic components or to prevent solder shrinkage and cracks.
- ball solder may be attached to the IC, placed on the mounting portion, and reflowed.
- the defect rate of the tactile sensor here means the yield of the sensor whose average residual polarization did not show 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 among the tactile sensors manufactured through all the steps, and this defect rate. Are the values obtained by evaluating all 10 times.
- thermomechanical analysis TMA method
- the temperature of the polyimide thin film was raised from 25 ° C., and the change point of the coefficient of linear expansion was defined as the glass transition temperature.
- Method for measuring tensile strength and elongation A polyimide thin film is pulled by the method of ASTM D638, which is a tensile test method for plastics, and the maximum value of the stress observed by the test is taken as the tensile strength, and the strain corresponding to the stress is used. Was taken as the growth rate.
- a polyimide thin film was formed on a flat glass plate under the same printing conditions as the polyimide thin film formed on a curved surface by soft blanket gravure offset printing.
- visible ultraviolet light is irradiated in the range of 300 to 800 nm wavelength with a visible ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the light transmittance at each wavelength is obtained from the ratio of the incident light and transmitted light, and the wavelength of 450 to 800 nm.
- the average value in the range of is taken as the total light transmittance.
- Method of measuring the thickness of the electrode printing similar to the printing method used when forming the electrode on a curved surface (soft blanket gravure offset printing, inkjet printing that can print on a three-dimensional object, dispenser that can print on a three-dimensional object, etc.) Under the conditions, the same electrode as the electrode formed on the curved surface was printed on the flat polyimide thin film according to claim 1, and heat-baked.
- the electrode after firing was scanned on the surface of the polyimide thin film and the surface of the electrode with a Dektak (registered trademark) stylus profiling system, and the average value of the steps was taken as the thickness of the electrode.
- Dektak registered trademark
- the resistance value (R) was measured by a two-terminal measurement method by applying terminals to both ends of a rectangular parallelepiped electrode.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) was determined from the values of the length (L) between the two terminals and the cross-sectional area (A) thereof using the following equation. In determining the cross-sectional area (A), the value obtained from the measurement of the thickness of the electrode was used as the thickness.
- Curie temperature measurement method Accurately weigh 2 to 5 mg of vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene copolymer powder in an aluminum pan, and use a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to raise the temperature from 20 ° C to 5 ° C / min. The temperature is raised to 200 ° C. Further, the mixture is cooled from 200 ° C. to 20 ° C. at a temperature lowering rate of 5 ° C./min, and the endothermic heat and heat generation associated with the state change of the copolymer powder in a series of temperature change processes are measured. In the process of raising the temperature, the copolymer reaches a melting point at about 140 to 160 ° C. and changes into a liquid.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- Example 1 The glass transition temperature is 280 ° C, the tensile strength is 190 MPa, the elongation rate is 15%, the total light transmittance is 88%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained from the contact angle between water and polyimide methane is 43.2 mJ / m 2 .
- a polyimide film with a polar component of 2.7 mJ / m 2 (trade name Ecrios (registered trademark) VICT-C, manufactured by Mitsui Kagaku Co., Ltd.) (Gaussian curvature 0 cm- 2 ) is fixed to a flat support of alkaline glass.
- a circular screen plate with a diameter of 1 cm is used to smooth coat a water / alcohol solution of PEDOT / PSS (manufactured by Heraeus), which is a conductive polymer material, by screen printing, and then bake at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to make water /
- the alcohol was evaporated to form a first electrode in a circle with a diameter of 1 cm (area 0.79 cm 2 ).
- the thickness of the electrode was 2.0 ⁇ m, and the volume resistivity was 4.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- a water / alcohol solution of PEDOT / PSS (manufactured by Heraeus) is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by screen printing, and the mixture is baked at 125 ° C. for 1 hour to evaporate the water / alcohol to evaporate the ferroelectric substance.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed in a circle (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) having a diameter of 1 cm and overlapping with the first electrode across the layer in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 0%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 100%.
- a red LED is connected to the tactile sensor shown in FIG.
- the LED was turned on (lit), and when it was touched again, the LED was turned off (turned off).
- the voltage signal is generated when the tactile sensor is touched with a finger, and the voltage after the Toggle-flip-flop, that is, is applied to the LED.
- FIG. 7 shows that the on state of the voltage and that state are maintained, and when the voltage is touched again, the off state is switched.
- a Mabuchi Motor FA-130RA (rated voltage 1.5V) oscillator was connected in parallel to the LED terminal of the manufactured tactile sensor.
- the red LED lights up and the oscillator is driven at the same time
- the tactile sensor is touched again with the finger
- the LED turns off and the oscillator stops at the same time, and the switching device has a driving function of another device. It was confirmed.
- Example 2 The polyimide film (Gaussian curvature 0 cm- 2 ) used in Example 1 was smooth-coated with the conductive polymer material solution of Example 1 by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, and then fired to form a circle with a diameter of 1 cm (area: A first electrode having a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed at 0.79 cm 2 ).
- the same conductive polymer material solution as above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by the same screen printing, and fired at 135 ° C. for 30 minutes to sandwich the ferroelectric layer into the first electrode.
- a second electrode having a diameter of 1 cm and a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed so as to overlap with each other in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 0%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 100%.
- the laminate obtained as described above is used as a tactile sensor, a red LED is connected to the tactile sensor, a red LED is connected to the toggle-flip flop made from an operational amplifier, a comparator, and a Delay-flip flop, and the LED is turned on when the tactile sensor is touched with a finger. It became a state (lit), and when it was touched again, the LED turned off (turned off).
- Example 3 The polyimide film (Gaussian curvature 0 cm- 2 ) used in Example 1 and the solution of the conductive polymer material are smooth-coated by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, and fired at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain water / alcohol. Was evaporated to form a circular 1 cm diameter first electrode with a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the same conductive polymer material solution as described above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by screen printing in the same manner, and fired at 90 ° C. for 1 hour to sandwich the ferroelectric layer into the first electrode.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed in a circle (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) having a diameter of 1 cm and overlapping with the conductor in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 0%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 100%.
- a red LED is connected to the tactile sensor shown in FIG. The LED was turned on (lit), and when it was touched again, the LED was turned off (turned off).
- Example 4 The glass transition temperature is 305 ° C., the tensile strength is 220 MPa, the elongation rate is 7%, the total light transmittance is 88%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 is 43.8 mJ / m 2 .
- Highly conductive used in Example 1 for a polyimide film having a polar component of 4.7 mJ / m 2 (trade name: Ecrios (registered trademark) VICT-Cz, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) (Gaussian curvature 0 cm- 2 ).
- a solution of the molecular material is applied by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, and fired at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to evaporate water / alcohol, and a 1 cm diameter circle (area 0.79 cm 2 ) is 1.8 ⁇ m.
- a first electrode of the same thickness was formed.
- Example 1 a 12 wt% solution of P (VDF-TrFE) containing vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene in a molar ratio of 75:25 was added to Example 1 on the laminate as in Example 1.
- smooth coating was applied and calcined at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a solution of the same conductive polymer material as above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by screen printing and fired at 125 ° C. for 1 hour to form a first electrode with the ferroelectric layer sandwiched between them.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed in a circle having a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) overlapping in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 0%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 100%.
- a red LED is connected to the tactile sensor shown in FIG. The LED was turned on (lit), and when it was touched again, the LED was turned off (turned off).
- Example 5 The glass transition temperature is 265 ° C., the tensile strength is 130 MPa, the elongation rate is 18%, the total light transmittance is 90%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 is 44.0 mJ / m 2 .
- Example 1 Of which the polar component is 5.2 mJ / m 2 polyimide film (trade name Ecrios (registered trademark) VICT-Bnp, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) (Gaussian curvature 0 cm -2) ),
- the solution of the conductive polymer material used in Example 1 was applied by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, and fired to form a circle with a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) and a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the first electrode was formed.
- Example 1 a 12 wt% solution of P (VDF-TrFE) in which vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene used in Example 1 had a molar ratio of 75:25 was added to Example 1 on the laminate. The same coating was applied, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a solution of the same conductive polymer material as described above is applied onto the ferroelectric layer by screen printing and fired at 125 ° C. for 1 hour to evaporate water / alcohol and sandwich the ferroelectric layer.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m was formed in a circle having a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) overlapping with the first electrode in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 0%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 100%.
- a red LED is connected to the tactile sensor shown in FIG. The LED was turned on (lit), and when it was touched again, the LED was turned off (turned off).
- Example 6 Screen printing and firing were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solution of the polyimide film (Gaussian curvature 0 cm- 2 ) and the conductive polymer material used in Example 1 was replaced with a square screen plate having a piece of 4 cm. A first electrode having an average thickness of 2.1 ⁇ m was formed in a square of 3.8 cm (area: 14 cm 2 ).
- a water / alcohol solution of the same conductive polymer material as above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by the same screen printing as above, baked at 125 ° C. for 1 hour, and sandwiched between the ferroelectric layers.
- a second electrode having an average thickness of 2.1 ⁇ m was formed with a piece of a 3.8 cm square (area: 14 cm 2 ) overlapping with the first electrode in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 0%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 100%.
- a red LED is connected to the tactile sensor shown in FIG. 6 by connecting a red LED to a toggle-flip flop made from an operational amplifier, a comparator, and a Delay-flip flop, and the tactile sensor is touched with a finger.
- the LED was turned on (vibrating state), and when it was touched again, the LED was turned off (stopped state).
- Example 7 An FA-130RA (rated voltage 1.5V) oscillator manufactured by Mabuchi Motor was connected in parallel to the LED terminal portion of the switching device manufactured in Examples 2 to 6. It was confirmed that when the tactile sensor was touched with a finger, the red LED was turned on and the vibrator was driven at the same time, and when the tactile sensor was touched again with the finger, the LED was turned off and the vibrator was stopped at the same time. As a result, it was confirmed that these switching devices are switching devices having a driving function of other devices.
- Example 1 The glass transition temperature is 118 ° C., the tensile strength is 110 MPa, the elongation rate is 65%, the total light transmittance is 87%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 is 40.5 mJ / m 2 .
- the water / alcohol solution of PEDOT / PSS (manufactured by Heraeus), which is the conductive polymer material used in, was smooth-coated by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, and fired to form a circle with a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm).
- a first electrode having a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed.
- Example 2 a 12 wt% solution of P (VDF-TrFE) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone used in Example 1 was smooth-coated on the laminate with a blade coater in the same manner as in Example 1, and the temperature was 135 ° C., 2 It was calcined for a time to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a water / alcohol solution of the same conductive polymer material as described above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by screen printing, baked at 125 ° C. for 1 hour, and the first electrode is sandwiched between the ferroelectric layers.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was formed in a circle (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) having a diameter of 1 cm and overlapping with the conductor in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 50%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 50%.
- Example 2 The glass transition temperature is 410 ° C., the tensile strength is 330 MPa, the elongation rate is 80%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 is 57.1 mJ / m 2 , of which the polar component is 36 mJ / m 2.
- a water / alcohol solution of PEDOT / PSS manufactured by Heraeus is smooth-coated by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, fired, and has a circular shape with a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) and a thickness of 2.1 ⁇ m. First electrode was formed.
- Example 2 a 12 wt% solution of P (VDF-TrFE) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone used in Example 1 was smooth-coated on the laminate with a blade coater, and fired at 135 ° C. for 2 hours for 3 to 3 to. A ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed.
- a water / alcohol solution of the same conductive polymer material as described above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by screen printing, and the solvent is evaporated by firing at 125 ° C. for 1 hour to form the ferroelectric layer.
- a 2 ⁇ m-thick second electrode was formed with a 1 cm diameter circle (area 0.79 cm 2 ) that overlaps the first electrode in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 67%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 33%.
- Example 3 The glass transition temperature was 355 ° C., the tensile strength was 360 MPa, the elongation rate was 50%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was 44.6 mJ / m 2 , of which the polar component was 15.
- a water / alcohol solution of a conductive polymer material was smooth-coated by screen printing in the same manner as in Example 1, and fired to form a first electrode having a thickness of 1.8 ⁇ m in a circle with a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm 2 ). did.
- Example 2 a 12 wt% solution of P (VDF-TrFE) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone used in Example 1 was smooth-coated on the laminate with a blade coater in the same manner as in Example 1, and the temperature was 135 ° C., 2 It was calcined for a time to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a water / alcohol solution of the same conductive polymer material as described above is smooth-coated on the ferroelectric layer by screen printing in the same manner, baked at 125 ° C. for 1 hour, and sandwiched between the ferroelectric layers.
- a second electrode having a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m was formed in a circle having a diameter of 1 cm (area: 0.79 cm 2 ) overlapping with one electrode in the thickness direction.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and when the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated, the defective rate of the tactile sensor was 89%. It was. That is, the non-defective rate is 11%.
- Example 4 The glass transition temperature is 75 ° C., the tensile strength is 215 MPa, the elongation rate is 170%, the total light transmittance is 85%, and the total amount of surface free energy obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 is 44.0 mJ / m 2 .
- PET trade name: Lumirer (registered trademark), manufactured by Toray Co., Ltd.
- Gaussian curvature 0 cm- 2 having a polar component of 2.0 mJ / m 2 is water / alcohol of the same conductive polymer material as in Example 1.
- the solution was coated by screen printing and fired at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to try to form a 1 cm diameter circular (area 0.79 cm 2 ) first electrode with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m, but shrinkage and wrinkles occurred. It occurred and a smooth electrode could not be created.
- Comparative Example 5 The solution of the PET film and the conductive polymer material used in Comparative Example 4 was coated by screen printing in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, and the firing temperature was 100 ° C. for 5 hours, and a circle having a diameter of 1 cm (area was 0). A first electrode having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m was formed at .79 cm 2 ).
- Example 2 a 12 wt% solution of P (VDF-TrFE) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone used in Example 1 was smooth-coated on the laminate with a blade coater in the same manner as in Example 1, and the temperature was 135 ° C., 2 When fired for a long time, shrinkage occurred as in Comparative Example 4, wrinkles were generated, a smooth ferroelectric layer could not be formed, and the process could not proceed to the next step.
- Example 8 A convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass having a radius of curvature of 10 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.01 cm- 2 ) is placed on a three-dimensional support, and a polyimide thin film of Example 4 (trade name: Ecrios (registered trademark) VICT-Cz, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) A polyamic acid varnish liquid film (manufactured by the company) was coated by soft blanket gravure offset printing, and a polyimide thin film was formed by a dehydration / cyclization reaction by heating at 320 ° C. for 2 hours under an inert gas.
- the first stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component.
- the electrodes were printed by the gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing press. Specifically, a brown polyimide film having a depth of 77 ⁇ m formed on a glass substrate sucked and fixed to a stainless steel base by a vacuum pump is placed, and the recess is filled with XA-9521 with a doctor blade, and the brown polyimide film is filled.
- the borosilicate glass on which the polyimide thin film was formed in which the paste was rotationally pressure-bonded to a soft blanket made of PDMS, and the received paste was sucked and fixed to another stainless steel table at a moving speed of 30 mm / sec.
- the electrode was printed by rotary crimp transfer on a spherical surface made of glass. This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a laminate on which the first electrode was formed.
- the thickness of the electrode was 5.4 ⁇ m, and the volume resistivity was 4.5 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- a stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component of silver is applied.
- printing was performed in the direction intersecting the first electrode by a gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing machine. This laminate was fired at 120 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 2 hours to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 9 When the laminate obtained in Example 8 was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Sallen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and shown in FIG. As described above, it was confirmed that the voltage signal was selectively extracted by touching with a finger.
- the tactile sensor thus produced was peeled off from a spherical surface made of borosilicate glass, and attached to a white polypropylene spherical surface having the same Gaussian curvature of 0.01 cm- 2 as the spherical surface made of borosilicate glass with an instant adhesive. It is a tactile sensor suitable for a spherical surface without any appearance defects such as wrinkles. Further, it was confirmed that the sensor was not damaged in the peeling operation and a voltage signal was generated by touching with a finger as in FIG.
- Example 10 Similar to Example 8, a polyimide thin film is formed on a three-dimensional support having a convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass having a radius of curvature of 10 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.01 cm- 2 ), and further, as in Example 8.
- a polyimide thin film gravure offset the first electrode of stretchable paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as the main component. It was printed by the printing method. This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a first electrode having an electrode thickness of 6.0 ⁇ m and a volume resistivity of 5.0 ⁇ 10-5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of Piezotech FC25 manufactured by Arkema
- vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene 75:25 P (VDF-TrFE) on the first electrode.
- the solution was dropped and applied with a syringe, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a soft blanket gravure offset printing machine using a silver paste XA-3609 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) having a width of 0.5 cm and a length of 6 cm (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) on the ferroelectric layer as a second electrode.
- the gravure offset printing method was used to print in the direction intersecting the first electrode.
- This laminate was fired at 120 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 2 hours to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 11 When the laminate obtained in Example 10 was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Salen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and when touched with a finger, It was confirmed that the voltage signal was selectively extracted.
- Example 12 A convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass of 5 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.04 cm- 2 ) is placed on a three-dimensional support, and the polyimide thin film of Example 4 (trade name: Ecrios (registered trademark), VICT-Cz, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.)
- the polyamic acid varnish liquid film to be produced was coated by soft blanket gravure offset printing, and a polyimide thin film was formed by a dehydration / cyclization reaction by heating at 320 ° C. for 2 hours under an inert gas.
- the first stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component.
- the electrodes were printed by the gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing press.
- a brown polyimide film having a depth of 77 ⁇ m formed on a glass substrate sucked and fixed to a stainless steel base by a vacuum pump is placed, and the recess is filled with silver paste XA-9521 with a doctor blade, and the brown
- the polyimide film was removed, the paste was rotationally pressure-bonded to a soft blanket made of PDMS, and the received paste was sucked and fixed to another stainless steel table at a moving speed of 30 mm / sec.
- the electrode was printed by rotary pressure bonding transfer on a spherical surface made of acid glass. This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a laminate on which the first electrode was formed.
- the thickness of the electrode was 5.4 ⁇ m, and the volume resistivity was 4.5 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of Piezotech FC25 manufactured by Arkema
- vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene is P (VDF-TrFE) at a molar ratio of 75:25 on the first electrode.
- VDF-TrFE vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene
- the solution was dropped and applied with a syringe, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component of silver is applied.
- printing was performed in the direction intersecting the first electrode by a gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing machine. This laminate was fired at 120 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 2 hours to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 13 When the laminate obtained in Example 12 was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Sallen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and touched with a finger. It was confirmed that the resulting voltage signal was selectively extracted.
- the tactile sensor thus produced was peeled off from a spherical surface made of borosilicate glass, and attached to a white polypropylene spherical surface having the same Gaussian curvature of 0.04 cm- 2 as the spherical surface made of borosilicate glass with an instant adhesive. It is a tactile sensor suitable for a spherical surface without any appearance defects such as wrinkles. Further, it was confirmed that the sensor was not damaged in the peeling operation and a voltage signal was generated by touching the finger.
- Example 14 Similar to Example 8, a polyimide thin film is formed on a three-dimensional support having a convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass having a radius of curvature of 10 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.01 cm- 2 ), and further, the polyimide thin film is formed on the polyimide thin film.
- the first electrode of silver particle ink NPS-L (manufactured by Harima Kasei Group Co., Ltd.) having a width of 0.5 cm and a length of 6 cm (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) was printed with an inkjet device capable of printing on a three-dimensional object. This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a laminate on which the first electrode was formed.
- the thickness of the electrode was 0.50 ⁇ m, and the volume resistivity was 1.0 ⁇ 10-5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of Piezotech FC25 manufactured by Arkema
- vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene 75:25 P (VDF-TrFE) on the first electrode.
- the solution was dropped and applied with a syringe, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a second electrode of silver particle ink NPS-L (manufactured by Harima Chemicals Group, Inc.) having a width of 0.5 cm and a length of 6 cm (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) can be printed on the ferroelectric layer on a three-dimensional object.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 15 When the laminate obtained in Example 14 was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Salen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and when touched with a finger, It was confirmed that the voltage signal was selectively extracted.
- Example 16 Similar to Example 8, a polyimide thin film is formed on a three-dimensional support having a convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass having a radius of curvature of 10 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.01 cm- 2 ), and then the polyimide thin film is formed on the polyimide thin film.
- the first electrode of the PEDOT / PSS dispersion in ethanol having a width of 0.5 cm and a length of 6 cm (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) was printed with a dispenser device capable of printing on a three-dimensional object, and the laminate was printed at 150 ° C. for 1 hour.
- a laminated body was prepared in which a first electrode having an electrode thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a volume curvature of 4.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm was formed.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of Piezotech FC25 manufactured by Arkema
- vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene is P (VDF-TrFE) at a molar ratio of 75:25 on the first electrode.
- VDF-TrFE vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene
- the solution was dropped and applied with a syringe, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the second electrode of the PEDOT / PSS dispersion in ethanol having a width of 0.5 cm and a length of 6 cm (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) was printed on the ferroelectric layer with a dispenser device capable of printing on a three-dimensional object. ..
- This laminate was fired at 120 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 2 hours to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 17 When the laminate obtained in Example 9 was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Salen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and when touched with a finger, It was confirmed that the voltage signal was selectively extracted.
- Example 18 Similar to Example 8, a polyimide thin film is formed on a three-dimensional support having a convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass having a radius of curvature of 10 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.01 cm- 2 ), and further, as in Example 8.
- a polyimide thin film gravure offset the first electrode of stretchable paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as the main component. It was printed by the printing method. This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a first electrode having an electrode thickness of 5.4 ⁇ m and a volume resistivity of 4.5 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of Piezotech FC30 manufactured by Arkema
- vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene is P (VDF-TrFE) at a molar ratio of 70:30 on the first electrode.
- VDF-TrFE vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m. It has been confirmed that the Curie temperature obtained from the DSC measurement of Piezotech FC30 is 100 ° C.
- a stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component of silver is applied.
- printing was performed in a direction orthogonal to the first electrode by a gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing machine.
- This laminate was fired at 90 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 1 hour to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 6.5 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 19 When the laminate obtained as described above was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Salen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and when touched with a finger, It was confirmed that the voltage signal was selectively extracted.
- Example 20 Similar to Example 8, a polyimide thin film is formed on a three-dimensional support having a convex spherical surface made of borosilicate glass having a radius of curvature of 10 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.01 cm- 2 ), and further, as in Example 8.
- An example is a first electrode of a stretchable paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component on a polyimide thin film. Printing was performed by the gravure offset printing method in the same manner as in 8. This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a first electrode having an electrode thickness of 5.4 ⁇ m and a volume resistivity of 4.5 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- a stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component of silver is applied.
- printing was performed in a direction orthogonal to the first electrode by a gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing machine.
- This laminate was fired at 135 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 30 minutes to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated and found to be 8.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- Example 21 When the laminate obtained in Example 13 was used as a tactile sensor, the first electrode was used as the ground electrode, and a finger was touched on the second electrode, the generation of a voltage signal was confirmed by an oscilloscope. Noise from a commercial power supply of 50 Hz was superimposed on this voltage signal, but when the second electrode was passed through the Salen-Key low-pass filter shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, the noise was attenuated and when touched with a finger, It was confirmed that the voltage signal was selectively extracted.
- the tactile sensor thus produced was peeled off from a spherical surface made of borosilicate glass, and attached to a white polypropylene spherical surface having the same Gaussian curvature of 0.01 cm- 2 as the spherical surface made of borosilicate glass with an instant adhesive. It is a tactile sensor suitable for a spherical surface without any appearance defects such as wrinkles. It was also confirmed that the sensor was not damaged in the peeling operation and a voltage signal was generated by contact.
- the first stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component.
- the electrodes were printed by the gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing press.
- a brown polyimide film having a depth of 77 ⁇ m formed on a glass substrate sucked and fixed to a stainless steel base by a vacuum pump is placed, and the recess is filled with silver paste XA-9521 with a doctor blade, and the brown
- the polyimide film is removed, the paste is rotationally pressure-bonded to a soft blanket made of PDMS, and the received paste is suction-fixed to another stainless steel table at a moving speed of 30 mm / sec.
- the electrode was printed by rotary crimp transfer on a glass spherical surface.
- This laminate was fired at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a laminate on which the first electrode was formed.
- the thickness of the electrode was 5.4 ⁇ m, and the volume resistivity was 4.5 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone of Piezotech FC25 manufactured by Arkema
- vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene is P (VDF-TrFE) at a molar ratio of 75:25 on the first electrode.
- VDF-TrFE vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene
- the solution was dropped and applied with a syringe, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was evaporated by firing at 135 ° C. for 2 hours to form a ferroelectric layer having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a stretchable conductive paste XA-9521 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 0.5 cm in width and 6 cm in length (area: 3.0 cm 2 ) as a main component of silver is applied.
- printing was performed in the direction intersecting the first electrode by a gravure offset printing method using a soft blanket gravure offset printing machine. This laminate was fired at 120 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the Curie temperature, for 2 hours to prepare a laminate on which the second electrode was formed.
- a PE curve was obtained by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric layer through the first electrode and the second electrode, and the residual polarization of the ferroelectric layer was evaluated to be 7.0 ⁇ C / cm 2 .
- the laminate obtained as described above was peeled off from a spherical surface made of quartz glass as a tactile sensor, and attached to a white polypropylene spherical surface having the same Gaussian curvature of 0.01 cm- 1 as the spherical surface made of quartz glass with an instant adhesive. ..
- This brown polyimide thin film was hard and had low flexibility, and caused damage to the wiring due to repeated bending.
- Example 7 A polyamic acid varnish (trade name: Ecrios (registered trademark) VICT) that forms a polyimide thin film of Example 4 using a convex spherical surface made of arkema glass with a radius of curvature of 4.5 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.050 cm -1 ) as a three-dimensional support. -Cz, manufactured by Mitsui Kagaku) is formed by soft blanket gravure offset printing, a polyimide thin film is formed by a dehydration / cyclization reaction by heating at 320 ° C. for 2 hours, and a stretcher containing silver as a main component is further formed as in Example 8.
- Ecrios registered trademark
- VICT a convex spherical surface made of arkema glass with a radius of curvature of 4.5 cm (Gaussian curvature 0.050 cm -1 ) as a three-dimensional support.
- -Cz manufactured by Mitsui Kagaku
- the tactile sensor of the present invention and an electronic circuit having a switch function using the sensor can be applied to various three-dimensional shapes by having lightness, suppleness and toughness, and the transparent substrate makes it conspicuous in the place where it is placed. It is possible to thin the polymer film substrate by forming a polymer film substrate by a solution process, and it is possible to provide a switching device having a switch function controlled by an electronic circuit having a high product non-defective rate and both economic efficiency and stability.
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Abstract
Description
ガラス転移温度が280℃、引っ張り強度が190MPa、伸び率が15%、全光線透過率が88%、水とジヨードメタンの接触角から求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、43.2mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が2.7mJ/m2のポリイミドフィルム(商品名エクリオス(登録商標) VICT-C、三井化学株式会社製)(ガウス曲率0cm-2)をアルカリガラスの平面支持体に固定し、直径1cmの円形のスクリーン版で導電性高分子材料であるPEDOT/PSS(Heraeus社製)の水/アルコール溶液をスクリーン印刷で平滑塗工し、150℃、30分間焼成することで水/アルコールを蒸発させ、1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)での第一電極を形成した。電極の厚みは2.0μmであり、体積抵抗率は4.0Ω・cmであった。
実施例1で用いたポリイミドフィルム(ガウス曲率0cm-2)に実施例1の導電性高分子材料溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷で平滑塗工し、焼成し1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で2.0μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
実施例1で用いたポリイミドフィルム(ガウス曲率0cm-2)と導電性高分子材料の溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷で平滑塗工し、150℃、30分間焼成することで水/アルコールを蒸発させ、1cm直径の円形で2.0μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
ガラス転移温度が305℃、引っ張り強度が220MPa、伸び率が7%、全光線透過率が88%、実施例1と同様に求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、43.8mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が4.7mJ/m2のポリイミドフィルム(商品名エクリオス(登録商標) VICT-Cz、三井化学株式会社製)(ガウス曲率0cm-2)に実施例1で用いた導電性高分子材料の溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷により塗工し、150℃、30分間焼成することで水/アルコールを蒸発させ、1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で1.8μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
ガラス転移温度が265℃、引っ張り強度が130MPa、伸び率が18%、全光線透過率が90%、実施例1と同様に求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、44.0mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が5.2mJ/m2のポリイミドフィルム(商品名エクリオス(登録商標) VICT-Bnp、三井化学株式会社製)(ガウス曲率0cm-2
)に実施例1で用いた導電性高分子材料の溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷により塗工し、焼成し1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で2.5μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
実施例1で用いたポリイミドフィルム(ガウス曲率0cm-2)と導電性高分子材料の溶液を一片が4cmの正方形のスクリーン版に代えたこと以外は実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷し、焼成し一片が3.8cmの正方形(面積が14cm2)で平均2.1μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
実施例2から6で作製したスイッチングデバイスのLED端子部分に並列にマブチモーター製のFA-130RA(定格電圧1.5V)の振動子を接続した。触覚センサを指でタッチすると赤色LEDが点灯すると同時に該振動子が駆動し、再度指でタッチするとLEDが消灯すると同時に該振動子が停止することを確認した。これにより、これらのスイッチングデバイスが、他のデバイスの駆動機能を有するスイッチングデバイスであることを確認した。
ガラス転移温度が118℃、引っ張り強度が110MPa、伸び率が65%、全光線透過率が87%、実施例1と同様に求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、40.5mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が表面自由エネルギーの極性成分が0.92mJ/m2であるPEN(商品名テオネックス(登録商標)、帝人フィルムソリューション株式会社製)フィルム(ガウス曲率0cm-2)に実施例1で使用した導電性高分子材料であるPEDOT/PSS(Heraeus社製)の水/アルコール溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷で平滑塗工し、焼成し1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で2.0μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
ガラス転移温度が410℃、引っ張り強度が330MPa、伸び率が80%、実施例1と同様に求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、57.1mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が36mJ/m2の茶褐色(全光線透過率50%以下)のポリイミドフィルム(商品名カプトン(登録商標)、東レデュポン株式会社製)(ガウス曲率0cm-2)に実施例1で使用した導電性高分子材料であるPEDOT/PSS(Heraeus社製)の水/アルコール溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷で平滑塗工し、焼成し1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で2.1μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
ガラス転移温度が355℃、引っ張り強度が360MPa、伸び率が50%、実施例1と同様に求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、44.6mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が15.6mJ/m2の茶褐色(全光線透過率50%以下)のポリイミドフィルム(商品名ユーピレックス(登録商標)、宇部興産株式会社製)(ガウス曲率0cm-2)のフィルムに実施例1で使用した導電性高分子材料の水/アルコール溶液を実施例1と同様にスクリーン印刷で平滑塗工し、焼成し1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で1.8μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
ガラス転移温度が75℃、引っ張り強度が215MPa、伸び率が170%、全光線透過率85%、実施例1と同様に求めた表面自由エネルギーの総量値が、44.0mJ/m2であり、そのうちの極性成分が2.0mJ/m2のPET(商品名ルミラー(登録商標)、東レ株式会社製)(ガウス曲率0cm-2)に実施例1と同様の導電性高分子材料の水/アルコール溶液をスクリーン印刷により塗工し、150℃、30分間焼成し、1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で2μmの厚みの第一電極の形成を試みたが、収縮を起こし、シワが発生し、平滑な電極を作成できなかった。
比較例4で用いたPETフィルムと導電性高分子材料の溶液を比較例4と同様にスクリーン印刷により塗工し、焼成温度を100℃、5時間で焼成し、1cm直径の円形(面積が0.79cm2)で2μmの厚みの第一電極を形成した。
実施例1で作製した触覚センサを図8に示す電子回路のオペアンプ、Delay-フリップフロップから作ったToggle-フリップフロップに赤色LEDを接続し、該触覚センサに指でタッチすると電圧のオン状態であるが、離すとオフ状態に切り替わり、オンの状態が続かない(図9に示す)、その結果、LEDの点灯し続けることはなく消灯してしまう。
曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面を立体支持体上に、実施例4のポリイミド薄膜(商品名エクリオス(登録商標) VICT-Cz、三井化学株式会社製)をつくるポリアミド酸ワニス液膜をソフトブランケットグラビアオフセット印刷で塗工し、不活性ガス下で320℃2時間の加熱による脱水・環化反応によってポリイミド薄膜を形成した。
実施例8で得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、図5に示すように、指でタッチすると電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
実施例8と同様に、曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面をもつ立体支持体上にポリイミド薄膜を形成し、さらに、実施例8と同様にポリイミド薄膜上に、幅0.5cm、長さ6cm(面積が3.0cm2)の銀を主成分とするストレッチャブル性のペーストXA-9521(藤倉化成株式会社製)の第一電極をグラビアオフセット印刷法で印刷した。この積層体を150℃1時間焼成して、電極の厚みが6.0μm、体積抵抗率が5.0×10-5Ω・cmの第一電極を作製した。
実施例10で得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、指でタッチすると電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
5cm(ガウス曲率0.04cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面を立体支持体上に、実施例4のポリイミド薄膜(商品名エクリオス(登録商標)、VICT-Cz、三井化学株式会社製)をつくるポリアミド酸ワニス液膜をソフトブランケットグラビアオフセット印刷で塗工し、不活性ガス下で320℃2時間の加熱による脱水・環化反応によってポリイミド薄膜を形成した。
実施例12で得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、指でタッチに由来する電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
実施例8と同様に、曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面をもつ立体支持体上にポリイミド薄膜を形成し、さらに、このポリイミド薄膜上に、幅0.5cm、長さ6cm(面積が3.0cm2)の銀粒子インクNPS-L(ハリマ化成グループ株式会社製)の第一電極を立体物に印刷可能なインクジェット装置で印刷した。この積層体を150℃1時間焼成して、第一電極が形成された積層体を作製した。電極の厚みは0.50μmであり、体積抵抗率は1.0×10-5Ω・cmであった。
実施例14で得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、指でタッチすると電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
実施例8と同様に、曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面をもつ立体支持体上にポリイミド薄膜を形成し、次に該ポリイミド薄膜上に、幅0.5cm、長さ6cm(面積が3.0cm2)のPEDOT/PSSのエタノール中分散液の第一電極を立体物に印刷可能なディスペンサー装置で印刷し、この積層体を150℃1時間焼成して、電極の厚みが10μm、体積抵抗率が4.0Ω・cmの第一電極が形成された積層体を作製した。
実施例9で得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、指でタッチすると電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
実施例8と同様に、曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面をもつ立体支持体上にポリイミド薄膜を形成し、さらに、実施例8と同様にポリイミド薄膜上に、幅0.5cm、長さ6cm(面積が3.0cm2)の銀を主成分とするストレッチャブル性のペーストXA-9521(藤倉化成株式会社製)の第一電極をグラビアオフセット印刷法で印刷した。この積層体を150℃1時間焼成して、電極の厚みが5.4μm、体積抵抗率が4.5×10-4Ω・cmの第一電極を作製した。
以上によって得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、指でタッチすると電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
実施例8と同様に、曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面をもつ立体支持体上にポリイミド薄膜を形成し、さらに、実施例8と同様にポリイミド薄膜上に、幅0.5cm、長さ6cm(面積が3.0cm2)の銀を主成分とするストレッチャブル性のペーストXA-9521(藤倉化成株式会社製)の第一電極を実施例8と同様にグラビアオフセット印刷法で印刷した。この積層体を150℃1時間焼成して、電極の厚みが5.4μmであり、体積抵抗率が4.5×10-4Ω・cmの第一電極を作製した。
実施例13で得られた積層体を触覚センサとして第一電極をグランド電極とした上で、指を第二電極にタッチさせたところ、電圧信号の発生がオシロスコープにて確認された。この電圧信号には50Hzの商用電源由来のノイズが重畳したが、第二電極を図4の回路図に示すSallen-Key低域通過フィルタに通したところ、該ノイズは減衰し、指でタッチすると電圧信号が選択的に取り出されることが確認された。
曲率半径10cm(ガウス曲率0.01cm-2)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面を立体支持体とし、これにポリアミド酸ワニス、ユピア(登録商標)-AT(商品名ユピア(登録商標)、宇部興産株式会社製)をソフトブランケットグラビアオフセット印刷によって形成し、不活性ガス下で340℃2時間の加熱による脱水・環化反応によってポリイミド薄膜を形成した。この全光線透過率は、40%であった。透明性がない。
曲率半径4.5cm(ガウス曲率0.050cm-1)のホウケイ酸ガラスでできた凸の球面を立体支持体とし、実施例4のポリイミド薄膜をつくるポリアミド酸ワニス(商品名エクリオス(登録商標) VICT-Cz、三井化学製)をソフトブランケットグラビアオフセット印刷によって形成し、320℃2時間の加熱による脱水・環化反応によってポリイミド薄膜を形成し、さらに実施例8と同様に銀を主成分とするストレッチャブル性の導電ペーストXA-9521(藤倉化成株式会社製)による第一電極を形成後、Piezotech FC25(Arkema社製)の12重量%のN-メチル-2-ピロリドン溶液を滴下塗布したが、強誘電体層の形成ができなかった。
Claims (14)
- 前記ポリイミド薄膜を、ガウス曲率0cm-2の支持体の表面に形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記ポリイミド薄膜を、絶対値0.04cm-2以下のガウス曲率を有する支持体の表面に形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記触覚センサの製品良品率が、99.9%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記第一電極及び第二電極は、主成分が銀またはポリチオフェン系導電性高分子であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記第一電極及び第二電極の面積は、それぞれ1.0×10-2~15cm2である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記強誘電体層は、フッ化ビニリデン/トリフルオロエチレン共重合体(P(VDF-TrFE))を含み、前記P(VDF-TrFE)のフッ化ビニリデン(VDF)とトリフルオロエチレン(TrFE)のモル比は80/20~70/30の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記第一電極または第二電極のいずれか一方をグランド電極とし、前記グランド電極と対向する他方の電極を、ノイズを制御する電子回路に接続する請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記ノイズを制御する電子回路が、アクティブ型の低域通過フィルタであることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 前記ノイズを制御する電子回路が、比較器であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサ。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサにノイズを制御する電子回路をつなぎ、他のデバイスの駆動を促すスイッチングデバイス。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の触覚センサと、
前記電子回路に接続されたToggle-フリップフロップと、を有し、
前記強誘電体層に圧力による変形が加わることによりオン状態、オフ状態が切り替わることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のスイッチングデバイス。 - 電圧のオン状態とオフ状態とを感覚的に認知させる認知部を有することを特徴とする請求項12または13に記載のスイッチングデバイス。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17/613,647 US12003235B2 (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-06-15 | Tactile sensor formed on polyimide thin film having high total light transmittance, and switching device using same |
JP2021528215A JP7064054B2 (ja) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-06-15 | 高い全光線透過率を持つポリイミド薄膜上に形成された触覚センサとそれを用いたスイッチングデバイス |
EP20827660.0A EP3988914A4 (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-06-15 | TACTILE SENSOR WITH HIGH TOTAL LIGHT TRANSMISSION MOLDED ON A POLYIMIDE FILM AND SWITCHING DEVICE THEREFOR |
CN202080044446.8A CN114008424A (zh) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-06-15 | 形成于具有高全光线透过率的聚酰亚胺薄膜上的触觉传感器及使用其的开关器件 |
KR1020217037945A KR102551416B1 (ko) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-06-15 | 높은 전광선 투과율을 가지는 폴리이미드 박막 상에 형성된 촉각 센서와 그것을 이용한 스위칭 디바이스 |
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WO2020255920A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | 三井化学株式会社 | 高い全光線透過率を持つポリイミド薄膜上に形成された触覚センサとそれを用いたスイッチングデバイス |
CN113858238B (zh) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-07-21 | 苏州大学 | 机器人仿生手及抓取方法和*** |
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CN114008424A (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
KR20210154233A (ko) | 2021-12-20 |
US20220239296A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
JPWO2020255920A1 (ja) | 2020-12-24 |
EP3988914A4 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
JP7064054B2 (ja) | 2022-05-09 |
KR102551416B1 (ko) | 2023-07-04 |
EP3988914A1 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
US12003235B2 (en) | 2024-06-04 |
TWI829937B (zh) | 2024-01-21 |
TW202107491A (zh) | 2021-02-16 |
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