WO2020161879A1 - ドライエッチング方法及びドライエッチング装置 - Google Patents
ドライエッチング方法及びドライエッチング装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020161879A1 WO2020161879A1 PCT/JP2019/004577 JP2019004577W WO2020161879A1 WO 2020161879 A1 WO2020161879 A1 WO 2020161879A1 JP 2019004577 W JP2019004577 W JP 2019004577W WO 2020161879 A1 WO2020161879 A1 WO 2020161879A1
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- dry etching
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 nitrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 57
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/3065—Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0337—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31105—Etching inorganic layers
- H01L21/31111—Etching inorganic layers by chemical means
- H01L21/31116—Etching inorganic layers by chemical means by dry-etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31127—Etching organic layers
- H01L21/31133—Etching organic layers by chemical means
- H01L21/31138—Etching organic layers by chemical means by dry-etching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/3213—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
- H01L21/32133—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only
- H01L21/32135—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by vapour etching only
- H01L21/32136—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by vapour etching only using plasmas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
- H01L21/67063—Apparatus for fluid treatment for etching
- H01L21/67069—Apparatus for fluid treatment for etching for drying etching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/334—Etching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dry etching method and a dry etching apparatus.
- lithography technique is used in a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device. This technique applies a device structure pattern on a resist layer and selectively etches away the substrate exposed by the resist layer pattern. In subsequent processing steps, other materials may be deposited in the etched areas to form integrated circuits.
- Patent Document 1 As shown in FIG. 1, after forming a self-assembled block copolymer (DSA) of polystyrene (PS) 1 and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 2, there is a technique of etching and removing only PMMA 2. It is shown. Patent Document 1 describes that a line and space pattern of PS1 (hereinafter referred to as an LS pattern) is formed by using this method as shown in FIG.
- DSA self-assembled block copolymer
- PS polystyrene
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- Patent Document 2 discloses a dry etching apparatus that forms plasma by ECR resonance of a magnetic field and microwaves and has a structure in which a dielectric porous plate is arranged between a sample and a dielectric window.
- the position of the magnetic field strength 875 Gauss called the ECR surface is located above the perforated plate.
- the ECR surface As a result, of the ions and radicals generated in the plasma, charged ions can be shielded, and the sample can be irradiated with only electrically neutral particles such as radicals.
- the ECR surface By positioning the ECR surface below the perforated plate, it is possible to irradiate the sample with both ions and radicals.
- the LS pattern obtained by etching may collapse.
- a typical dry etching method of the present invention is one in which neutral radicals are adsorbed on the surface of an organic film in a first atmosphere in which the concentration of rare gas or nitrogen ions is reduced from plasma. This is achieved by alternately repeating one step and the second step of supplying rare gas or nitrogen ions to the surface of the organic film in a second atmosphere having an ion concentration higher than that of the first atmosphere.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a DSA sample before the PMMA etching process.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a DSA sample after an ideal PMMA etching process.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the dry etching apparatus of this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a sample of DSA after the PMMA etching process according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged top view of the DSA sample after the PMMA etching process according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the reason why the LS pattern collapses due to the etching process of PMMA according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a figure which shows typically the surface state of the sample in the 1st process in the etching process of PMMA concerning a comparative example.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing the surface state of the sample during the PMMA etching process according to the example.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the surface state of the sample during the PMMA etching process according to the example.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the DSA sample after the PMMA etching process according to the example.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged top view of the DSA sample after the PMMA etching process according to the example.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the PMMA etching amount and the sample temperature in the first step according to the example.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a sample of the three-layer resist before the etching process.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a sample of the three-layer resist after the organic film etching process of the comparative example.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a sample of the three-layer resist after the organic film etching process of the example.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of an etching processing apparatus according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a downflow type dry etching apparatus that executes the dry etching method of the present embodiment.
- a microwave of 2.45 GHz supplied from the magnetron 13 to the decompression processing chamber 12 through the waveguide 11 and the dielectric window 17 and a magnetic field generated by the solenoid coil 14 are used.
- Plasma can be generated in the reduced pressure processing chamber 12 by the ECR resonance.
- a high frequency power supply 23 is connected to a sample table 20 holding a sample 21 via a matching device 22.
- the magnetron 13 and the solenoid coil 14 constitute a plasma generator.
- a plasma control device 26 for controlling the generation state of plasma in the decompression processing chamber 12, a solenoid coil 14, and a magnetic field control device 18 for controlling this are provided.
- the energy of ion irradiation can be controlled from several tens eV to several KeV by adjusting the power supplied from the high frequency power supply 23.
- the temperature of the sample table 20 on which the sample 21 is placed is adjusted, and the sample temperature is maintained at 20° C. during the etching.
- Ar (argon) gas and O 2 (oxygen) gas are introduced into the decompression processing chamber 12 via the gas introduction port 15.
- the inside of the decompression processing chamber 12 is decompressed by a negative pressure pump.
- a dielectric porous plate 16 is installed inside the decompression processing chamber 12.
- plasma is generated in the vicinity of a surface having a magnetic field strength of 875 Gauss called ECR surface.
- the magnetic field control device 18 and the solenoid coil 14, which are the plasma control devices 26, are arranged so that the ECR surface is between the porous plate 16 and the dielectric window 17 (that is, the porous window 16 has a dielectric window side).
- Plasma 25A can be generated (above).
- the Ar ions can be shielded and only the oxygen neutral radicals can be applied to the sample 21. In such a state, the periphery of the sample 21 becomes the first atmosphere in which the Ar ion concentration is relatively low.
- the magnetic field controller 18 controls the solenoid coil 14 to adjust the magnetic field so that the ECR surface is between the perforated plate 16 and the sample 21, the magnetic field control device 18 is closer to the sample side than the perforated plate 16 (that is, Plasma 25B can be generated (below). Therefore, the sample can be irradiated with both Ar ions and oxygen neutral radicals. In such a state, the periphery of the sample 21 becomes a second atmosphere having a higher Ar ion concentration than the first atmosphere.
- the Ar ion concentration in the first atmosphere is preferably less than 10% of the ion concentration in the second atmosphere.
- the dry etching apparatus that can perform the dry etching treatment of the present invention is not limited to the downflow type dry etching apparatus described above, and an RIE type dry etching apparatus may be used.
- the present inventors performed the PMMA2 etching treatment on the DSA sample shown in FIG. 1 using the dry etching apparatus shown in FIG. First, in the etching process of the comparative example, the ECR surface was arranged on the sample side with respect to the porous plate 16, and the etching was performed in a state where the sample was irradiated with both ions and radicals. The result is shown in FIG. After the etching process, the LS pattern of PS1 formed as a plurality of walls fell sideways as shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in the top view of FIG. 5, the line edge roughness (referred to as LER), which is the distortion of the pattern, increased. In addition, at a place where PS1 collapsed strongly, adjacent PS1s contacted each other, and the irradiation of ions was blocked, and PMMA2 below it was not reached, and etching did not proceed.
- LER line edge roughness
- Etching proceeds by irradiating PMMA2 with both oxygen radicals 4 and Ar ions 5, but due to variations in the space spacing between PS1 and PS1 in the LS pattern, oxygen reaching the surface of PMMA2 as shown in FIG. Differences occur in the amount of radicals 4. Since the etching amount of PMMA2 is proportional to the amount of oxygen radicals 4 reaching the surface of PMMA2, it was found that the etching amount increases when the space interval is wide and the etching amount decreases when the space interval is narrow.
- the present inventors have derived an etching method in which the following two steps are repeated in order to suppress variations in the etching amount.
- the ECR surface is arranged on the dielectric window 17 side of the porous plate 16 to generate oxygen plasma 25A (FIG. 3). This shields the Ar ions and irradiates the sample with oxygen radicals in the first atmosphere. At this time, since the Ar ions are shielded, the etching does not proceed even if the sample is irradiated with oxygen radicals.
- oxygen radicals 4 are saturated and adsorbed on any surface of PMMA 2 as shown in FIG. “Saturated adsorption” means a state in which neutral radicals are not substantially adsorbed any more.
- the ECR surface is arranged on the sample 21 side of the porous plate 16 to generate Ar plasma 25B (FIG. 3).
- Ar plasma 25B FIG. 3
- PMMA2 is irradiated with Ar ions 5 in the second atmosphere.
- oxygen radicals 4 adsorbed on the surface of PMMA2 are activated as shown in FIG. 9, and etching of PMMA2 proceeds.
- the amount of etching at this time is determined by the amount of oxygen radicals 4 adsorbed on the surface of PMMA2, so if oxygen radicals 4 are saturated and adsorbed on the surface of PMMA2, a certain amount of PMMA2 will be etched. Therefore, by alternately repeating the first step and the second step, the etching process proceeds while maintaining the etching amount of PMMA2 uniform regardless of the variation of the pattern, so that the collapse of the LS pattern is suppressed. It When the treatment time of the first step is longer than that of the second step, saturated adsorption becomes effective, which is preferable.
- FIG. 10 shows the cross-sectional shape of the sample etched by the above etching method. No fall of PS1 is seen. A top view of the processed sample is shown in FIG. No LER caused by the collapse was observed in the formed PS1 LS pattern, indicating that a straight pattern was formed.
- oxygen gas was used in the first step
- any mixed gas containing oxygen such as a gas obtained by diluting oxygen with a rare gas
- a gas containing no oxygen may be used as a gas capable of etching an organic material by a chemical reaction, for example, a mixed gas containing hydrogen, water and methanol.
- Ar gas is used in the second step, another rare gas or nitrogen gas may be used as long as it is composed only of a gas that does not etch the organic film by a chemical reaction.
- the organic film that can be etched is not limited to PMMA.
- Example 2 In Example 1, PMMA was etched while maintaining the sample temperature at 20°C. The inventors investigated the effect of temperature on this sample.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the etching amount of PMMA and the sample temperature when oxygen radicals are irradiated in the first step. It was found that PMMA was not etched at 100°C or lower. On the other hand, it has been found that when the sample temperature exceeds 100° C., the etching amount of PMMA increases at an accelerated rate, which causes variations in the etching amount.
- the inorganic film 7 of this sample was etched to form an inorganic film mask, and the organic film 6 was further etched using this inorganic film mask.
- the organic film 6 was etched with oxygen or the like, the LS pattern of the formed organic film 6 collapsed during etching.
- Example 3 Therefore, as in Example 1, the first step of irradiating the sample with oxygen plasma while shielding Ar ions and the second step of irradiating the sample with Ar plasma without shielding Ar ions were repeated. However, the etching proceeded while the thickness of the residual film of the organic film 6 was uniform. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 15, the phenomenon that the patterns collapse or the patterns contact each other did not occur.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a dry etching apparatus in which a downflow type etcher 101 and a reactive ion etching (RIE) type etcher 102 are connected by a vacuum transfer unit 103.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the downflow type etcher 101 has a structure that can shield ions in plasma and irradiate only neutral radicals, so that only oxygen radicals are irradiated in the first atmosphere. Since PMMA is not etched by only oxygen radicals, oxygen radicals are saturated and adsorbed on the PMMA surface as shown in FIG.
- the vacuum transfer unit (transfer device) 103 transfers the sample from the downflow type etcher 101 to the RIE type etcher (second device) 102, and Ar plasma is generated therein. .. Since the RIE etcher 102 is irradiated with both ions in plasma and neutral radicals, PMMA is irradiated with Ar ions on the sample in the second atmosphere. By this ion irradiation, oxygen radicals adsorbed on the PMMA surface are activated similarly to the example shown in FIG. 9, and the etching of PMMA proceeds.
- the etching amount at this time is determined by the amount of oxygen radicals saturated and adsorbed on the PMMA surface, so a certain amount of PMMA is etched.
- the cross-sectional shape of the sample etched by this method is the same as that shown in Fig. 10, and no collapse of the LS pattern is seen.
- the top surface shape of the processed sample is the same as that shown in FIG. No LER was found in the formed PS LS pattern due to the collapse. It was found that a straight pattern was formed.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are included.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. ..
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Abstract
Description
通常、半導体デバイスの製造工程においては、リソグラフィ技術が用いられている。この技術は、レジスト層の上にデバイス構造のパターンを適用し、レジスト層のパターンによって露出した基板を選択的にエッチング除去するものである。その後の処理工程において、エッチング領域内に他の材料を堆積させれば、集積回路を形成できる。
一方、ECR面の位置を、多孔板より下にすることで、イオンとラジカルの両方を試料に照射することもできる。
上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。
図3は、本実施形態のドライエッチング方法を実行するダウンフロー型のドライエッチング装置の概略構成図である。図3のドライエッチング装置では、マグネトロン13から導波管11を通り誘電体窓17を介して減圧処理室12に供給される2.45GHzのマイクロ波と、ソレノイドコイル14の作る磁場によって形成されるECR共鳴によって、減圧処理室12内にプラズマを生成できる。また、試料21を保持する試料台20に、整合器22を介して高周波電源23が接続されている。
ここで、マグネトロン13とソレノイドコイル14とで、プラズマ発生装置を構成する。また、減圧処理室12におけるプラズマの発生状態を制御するプラズマ制御装置26と、ソレノイドコイル14と、これを制御する磁場制御装置18が設けられている。
なお、本発明のドライエッチング処理を行えるドライエッチング装置は、以上のダウンフロー型のドライエッチング装置に限られず、RIE型のドライエッチング装置を用いてもよい。
本発明者らは、図3のドライエッチング装置を用いて、図1に示すDSAの試料においてPMMA2のエッチング処理を行った。まず比較例のエッチング処理では、ECR面を多孔板16より試料側に配置して、イオンとラジカルの両方が試料に照射される状態でエッチングを行った。その結果を図4に示す。エッチング処理後において複数の壁として形成されるPS1のLSパターンは、図4のように左右に倒れてしまった。
そのため、図5の上面図のように、パターンの歪みであるラインエッジラフネス(LERという)が増加した。また、PS1の倒れが強い箇所では、隣接するPS1同士が接してしまい、イオンの照射が遮られてその下方にあるPMMA2に到達せず、エッチングが進まなくなった。
このとき、Arイオンが遮蔽されているため、酸素ラジカルが試料に照射されてもエッチングは進まない。第1の工程時間が長いと、図8に示すようにPMMA2のいずれの表面にも酸素ラジカル4が飽和吸着した状態になる。「飽和吸着」とは、それ以上中性ラジカルが実質的に吸着しない状態をいう。
以上のエッチング方法でエッチングされた試料の断面形状を図10に示す。PS1の倒れは見られない。また、加工後のサンプルの上面図を図11に示す。形成されたPS1のLSパターンには倒れに起因したLERは見られず、真っ直ぐなパターンが形成されていることがわかった。
実施例1では試料の温度を20℃に維持してPMMAのエッチングを行った。本発明者らは、この試料の温度の影響について調べた。第1の工程で酸素ラジカルを照射した際のPMMAのエッチング量と試料温度の関係を図12に示す。100℃以下ではPMMAは全くエッチングされないことがわかった。一方、試料温度が100℃を超えるとPMMAのエッチング量が加速的に増加するため、エッチング量のばらつきを招くことがわかった。
また、第1の工程のプラズマに水素ラジカルを含む場合には、この温度の特異点が50℃に低下することがわかっている。その場合、試料温度を50℃以下に維持することが望ましい。
次に、本実施形態のエッチング方法を三層レジストの加工に応用した例を示す。この加工では、図13のように、シリコン基板3上に有機膜6と無機膜7を積層させた上に、30nmピッチのLSパターンのレジストマスク8を形成した試料を用いた。各層の膜厚は有機膜6の膜厚が200nm、無機膜7の膜厚が20nm、レジストマスク8の膜厚が20nmである。
そこで、実施例1と同様に、Arイオンを遮蔽した状態で酸素プラズマを試料に照射する第1の工程と、Arイオンを遮蔽しない状態でArプラズマを試料に照射する第2の工程を繰り返したところ、有機膜6の残膜の厚さが均一なままエッチングが進行した。このため、図15に示すように、パターン倒れやパターン同士が接するという現象は発生しなかった。
図16は、ダウンフロー型エッチャ101と反応性イオンエッチング(RIE)型エッチャ102を、真空搬送ユニット103で連結したドライエッチング装置を示す図である。本実施形態では、第1の工程において、試料をダウンフロー型エッチャ(第1の装置)101に搬送して、酸素のプラズマを照射する。
Claims (8)
- 有機膜のドライエッチング方法であって、
プラズマから、希ガスもしくは窒素のイオンの濃度を減少させた第1の雰囲気で中性ラジカルを有機膜の表面に吸着させる第1の工程と、前記第1の雰囲気よりもイオン濃度が高い第2の雰囲気で希ガスもしくは窒素のイオンを前記有機膜の表面に供給する第2の工程とを交互に繰り返す、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング方法。 - 請求項1のドライエッチング方法において、
前記中性ラジカルが酸素もしくは水素である、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング方法。 - 請求項1のドライエッチング方法において、
前記希ガスがアルゴンガスである、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング方法。 - 請求項1のドライエッチング方法において、
前記有機膜がPMMA製である、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング方法。 - 請求項1のドライエッチング方法において、
前記第1の工程において、前記中性ラジカルが前記有機膜に飽和吸着する、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング方法。 - 請求項1のドライエッチング方法において、
前記第1の工程は、前記第2の工程よりも処理時間が長い、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のドライエッチング方法を実行するドライエッチング装置であって、
減圧処理室内にプラズマを発生させるプラズマ発生装置と、
前記減圧処理室内に配置された多孔板と、
前記プラズマの発生位置を、前記多孔板の上方もしくは下方に変更可能とするプラズマ制御装置と、を有する、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のドライエッチング方法を実行するドライエッチング装置であって、
試料の有機膜に前記第1の雰囲気で中性ラジカルを照射する第1の装置と、
試料の有機膜に前記第2の雰囲気で希ガスもしくは窒素のイオンを照射する第2の装置と、
前記第1の装置から前記第2の装置へ、また前記第2の装置から前記第1の装置へと、前記試料を搬送する搬送装置と、を有する、
ことを特徴とするドライエッチング装置。
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