WO2020138235A1 - 機能性フィルム及び機能性合わせガラス - Google Patents

機能性フィルム及び機能性合わせガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020138235A1
WO2020138235A1 PCT/JP2019/051009 JP2019051009W WO2020138235A1 WO 2020138235 A1 WO2020138235 A1 WO 2020138235A1 JP 2019051009 W JP2019051009 W JP 2019051009W WO 2020138235 A1 WO2020138235 A1 WO 2020138235A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
film
functional
vapor deposition
transparent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/051009
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
義規 井口
幸宏 垰
暢子 満居
Original Assignee
Ａｇｃ株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by Ａｇｃ株式会社 filed Critical Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority to DE112019006513.0T priority Critical patent/DE112019006513T5/de
Priority to CN201980086520.XA priority patent/CN113226736B/zh
Priority to JP2020563385A priority patent/JP7359162B2/ja
Publication of WO2020138235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020138235A1/ja
Priority to US17/329,434 priority patent/US20210276307A1/en

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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a functional film and a functional laminated glass having the functional film.
  • the following are known as functional laminated glass in which a functional film is sandwiched between two transparent base materials.
  • a transparent screen in which a video display film in which a video display layer is laminated on a base film is sandwiched between two transparent base materials via an adhesive layer Patent Documents 1 and 2.
  • a heat ray reflective laminated glass in which a heat ray reflective film having a heat ray reflective layer laminated on a base material film is sandwiched between two transparent base materials via an adhesive layer Patent Documents 3 to 5
  • -Designed laminated glass in which a designable film in which a design layer such as a pattern is laminated on a substrate film is sandwiched between two transparent substrates via an adhesive layer (Patent Documents 6 and 7).
  • the functional laminated glass is manufactured by heating and adhering a glass plate, an intermediate film to be an adhesive layer, a functional film, an intermediate film to be an adhesive layer, and a glass plate in this order.
  • the functional layer image display layer, heat ray reflective layer, design layer, etc.
  • the functional layer contains an organic material
  • the interface between the functional layer and the adhesive layer, or the functional layer and the base material depending on the material of the adhesive layer or the base film.
  • the adhesiveness at the interface with the film may be insufficient. Further, depending on the materials of the adhesive layer and the base film, the adhesiveness at the interface between the adhesive layer and the base film may be insufficient.
  • the present invention provides a functional film capable of obtaining a functional laminated glass having excellent adhesiveness between layers, and a functional laminated glass having excellent adhesiveness between layers.
  • the present invention has the following aspects.
  • a functional film having a functional layer containing an organic material which is measured by a streaming potential method on the outermost surface of the functional film and/or between the base film and the functional layer.
  • the functional film according to ⁇ 1> which has the vapor deposition layer on both the outermost surface of the functional film and between the base film and the functional layer.
  • ⁇ 3> The functional film according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the vapor deposition layer has a thickness of 100 nm or less.
  • the inorganic oxide is one or more selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , CuO, NiO, SiO 2 and TiO 2 , and the above-mentioned ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4> The functional film according to any one of 4>.
  • the functional layer is one or more selected from the group consisting of an image display layer, a heat ray reflective layer, a design layer, a protective layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, a light control layer, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • a first transparent substrate, a first adhesive layer, the functional film of any one of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, a second adhesive layer, and a second transparent substrate are laminated in this order.
  • the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are one or more selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl acetal resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ionomer and a cycloolefin polymer.
  • the adhesive force at the interface between the vapor deposition layer and the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer is 4 N/25 mm or more, which is determined according to JIS A 5759 (2016). 7> or ⁇ 8> functional laminated glass.
  • the functional film of the present invention it is possible to obtain a functional laminated glass having excellent adhesiveness between layers.
  • the functional laminated glass of the present invention has excellent adhesiveness between layers.
  • the “isoelectric point” means the pH of the aqueous solution when the charge of the ampholyte (inorganic oxide) in the aqueous solution becomes zero as a whole.
  • the isoelectric point is the pH at which the zeta potential becomes 0 by measuring the zeta potential by electrokinetic measurement (streaming potential method) while changing the pH of the aqueous solution.
  • the "first surface” means the outermost surface of the image display film or the transparent screen, which is the surface on the side where the image light is projected from the projector.
  • the “second surface” means the outermost surface of the image display film or the transparent screen, which is the surface opposite to the first surface.
  • the view of the first surface side (second surface side) means that the image is displayed for an image viewed from an observer on the second surface side (first surface side) of the image display film or transparent screen.
  • the scene does not include an image displayed by image light projected from the projector on an image display film or a transparent screen.
  • the “concavo-convex structure” means a convex-concave shape composed of a plurality of convex portions, a plurality of concave portions or a plurality of convex portions and concave portions.
  • the “irregular uneven structure” means an uneven structure in which convex portions or concave portions do not appear periodically and the convex portions or concave portions have irregular sizes.
  • the “film” may be a sheet or a continuous strip. The dimensional ratios in FIGS. 1 to 9, 11 and 12 are different from actual ones for convenience of description.
  • the functional film of the present invention has at least one functional layer containing an organic material.
  • One or more functional layers are preferably formed on the base film.
  • the functional film of the present invention has a specific vapor-deposition layer on the outermost surface of the functional film and/or between the base film and the functional layer.
  • the functional film of the present invention preferably has a specific vapor-deposited layer both on the outermost surface of the functional film and between the base film and the functional layer, because the adhesiveness between the layers is further excellent.
  • the base film may be a monolayer film or a laminated film.
  • a transparent film is usually used as the substrate film.
  • the transparent film is preferably a stretched film, more preferably a biaxially stretched film, from the viewpoint of having mechanical strength.
  • Examples of the material of the base film include polyester (polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter, also referred to as “PET”), polyethylene naphthalate, etc.), polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, triacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyether ether ketone. , Cycloolefin polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as “COP”).
  • the functional layer examples include an image display layer, a heat ray reflective layer, a design layer, a protective layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, a light control layer, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the functional layer in the present invention contains an organic material. Examples of the organic material include resins (thermoplastic resins, cured products of curable resins, etc.).
  • the functional layer may include an inorganic material. Examples of the inorganic material include metals, metal oxides, glass, quartz, ceramics, and carbon-based materials (carbon black, etc.).
  • Examples of the image display layer containing an organic material include a light scattering layer in which a light scattering material is dispersed in a transparent resin, and a light scattering layer in which a reflective film having an irregular concavo-convex structure is embedded in a transparent resin layer.
  • Examples of the heat ray reflective layer containing an organic material include a layer in which a high refractive index layer containing a high refractive index organic material and a low refractive index layer containing a low refractive index organic material are alternately laminated.
  • Examples of the design layer containing an organic material include a printing layer formed by printing a printing ink on a base film with an arbitrary design.
  • the protective layer containing an organic material is a layer provided on the outermost surface of the functional film to protect the surface of the functional layer and the surface of the base film.
  • Examples of the protective layer containing an organic material include a hard coat layer made of a cured product of a curable resin.
  • the vapor deposition layer is a layer formed by vapor depositing an inorganic oxide.
  • the inorganic oxide include metal oxides and metalloid oxides.
  • the isoelectric point of the inorganic oxide is 6 or less, or 7.4 or more, and preferably 9 or more, from the viewpoint that the polarity of the vapor deposition layer is high and the adhesiveness to the adjacent layer is excellent.
  • Examples of the inorganic oxide having an isoelectric point of 6 or less or 7.4 or more include ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 (9.1 to 9.2 (sp)) and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 (7.4 to 8.6 (sp)), CuO, NiO, SiO 2 (quartz) (2.2 to 2.8 (sp)), and TiO 2 (natural rutile) (5.5 (sp)).
  • the numbers in parentheses are based on Furusawa, “Lecture: Measurement of Zeta Potential”, “Bunseki”, No. 5, 2004, Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, p. 247-254, which is an excerpt from the electrokinetic measurement by adding sp to the isoelectric point measured by the streaming potential method.
  • examples of the inorganic oxide having an isoelectric point of more than 6 and less than 7.4 include Cr 2 O 3 (hydrate), SnO 2 , and TiO 2 (synthetic rutile) (6.7(sp)).
  • the thickness of the vapor deposition layer is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 20 nm or less, and particularly preferably 5 nm or less.
  • the lower limit of the thickness of the vapor deposition layer is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the vapor deposition layer is preferably 1 nm or more from the viewpoint of forming a uniform vapor deposition layer.
  • the vapor deposition layer is preferably a single layer.
  • Examples of the form of the functional film include an image display film having an image display layer, a heat ray reflection film having a heat ray reflection layer, and a designable film having a design layer.
  • the image display film is a film that allows a scene on the other side of the film to be seen through and allows the image light projected on the film to be visually displayed as an image.
  • it is a film having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and allows a scene on the first surface side to be visibly transmitted to an observer on the second surface side.
  • the image on the first surface side is the image light projected from the projector installed on the first surface side so that the view on the second surface side is visibly transmitted to the first surface side observer.
  • the film to be visually displayed as an image on either one of the viewers on the second surface side.
  • the image display film may be a transmissive image display film that visually displays the image light projected from the first surface side as an image for an observer on the second surface side. It may be a reflection type image display film for displaying the image light projected from the side so as to be visually recognized as an image by an observer on the first surface side.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a transmissive image display film which is a first embodiment of the functional film of the present invention.
  • the transmissive image display film 10 includes a transparent film 11, a light scattering layer 12, a first vapor deposition layer 13 provided on a surface of the transparent film 11 opposite to the light scattering layer 12, and a transparent film 11. It has the 2nd vapor deposition layer 14 provided between the light-scattering layers 12, and the 3rd vapor deposition layer 15 provided in the surface of the light-scattering layer 12 on the opposite side to the transparent film 11.
  • Examples of the transparent film 11 include those similar to the above-mentioned substrate film, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • Examples of the first vapor deposition layer 13, the second vapor deposition layer 14, and the third vapor deposition layer 15 include those similar to the vapor deposition layer described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the light scattering layer 12 is a layer in which the light scattering material 17 is dispersed in the transparent resin 16.
  • the light scattering layer 12 may include a light absorbing material.
  • the transparent resin 16 include a cured product of a photocurable resin (acrylic resin, epoxy resin, etc.), a cured product of a thermosetting resin (acrylic resin, epoxy resin, etc.), and a thermoplastic resin (polyester, acrylic resin, polyolefin).
  • Examples of the light scattering material 17 include fine particles of a high refractive index material (titanium oxide (refractive index: 2.5 to 2.7), zirconium oxide (refractive index: 2.4), aluminum oxide (refractive index: 1. 76)), fine particles of low-refractive index material (porous silica (refractive index: 1.3 or less), hollow silica (refractive index: 1.3 or less), etc.), and low refractive index with low compatibility with the transparent resin 16. Examples include different resin materials and crystallized resin materials of 1 ⁇ m or less. As the light-scattering material 17, titanium oxide or zirconium oxide is particularly preferable because it has a high refractive index.
  • Examples of the light absorbing material include carbon materials (carbon black, titanium black, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, graphene, etc.), black silica, fine particle materials containing silver as the most metallic element, and organic dyes. Is mentioned.
  • the transmissive image display film 10 can be manufactured by, for example, a method including the following steps A1 to A3.
  • Step A1 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor-deposited on both surfaces of the transparent film 11 to form a first vapor deposition layer 13 and a second vapor deposition layer 14.
  • Step A2 A coating liquid containing a solvent, a thermoplastic resin, and a light scattering material 17 is applied to the surface of the second vapor deposition layer 14 and dried to form the light scattering layer 12.
  • a coating solution containing a solvent, a photocurable resin and a light scattering material 17 is applied to the surface of the second vapor deposition layer 14 and dried to form an uncured film, and another transparent film is formed on the uncured film.
  • Step A3 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor deposited on the surface of the light scattering layer 12 to form a third vapor deposition layer 15.
  • the coating method of the coating liquid include a die coating method, a blade coating method, a gravure coating method, an inkjet method, and a spray coating method.
  • the physical vapor deposition method include a vacuum vapor deposition method and a sputtering method.
  • the transmissive image display film is not limited to the transmissive image display film 10 in the illustrated example.
  • one or two of the first vapor-deposited layer, the second vapor-deposited layer, and the third vapor-deposited layer may be omitted as long as the adhesiveness does not cause a problem.
  • a transparent film may be provided on both sides of the light scattering layer.
  • the first vapor deposition layer and the third vapor deposition layer are provided on the surface of the transparent film.
  • the second vapor deposition layer is provided on both surfaces of the light scattering layer.
  • the image display layer of the transmissive image display film is arranged in parallel with the transparent layer and at a predetermined interval inside the transparent layer like the image projection structure shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1.
  • the image display layer of the transmissive image display film is composed of an uneven layer and a coating layer that fills the unevenness on the surface of the uneven layer, as in the screen sheet shown in FIG. 5 of JP-A-2017-102307. It may be a light scattering layer.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of a reflective image display film that is a second embodiment of the functional film of the present invention.
  • the reflective image display film 20 includes a transparent film 21, a light scattering layer 22, a first vapor deposition layer 23 provided on the surface of the transparent film 21 opposite to the light scattering layer 22, and a transparent film 21. It has the 2nd vapor deposition layer 24 provided between the light-scattering layers 22, and the 3rd vapor deposition layer 25 provided in the surface of the light-scattering layer 22 on the opposite side to the transparent film 21.
  • Examples of the transparent film 21 include the same as the above-mentioned base film, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the 1st vapor deposition layer 23, the 2nd vapor deposition layer 24, and the 3rd vapor deposition layer 25 the thing similar to the above-mentioned vapor deposition layer is mentioned and a preferable form is also the same.
  • the light-scattering layer 22 is provided on the surface of the first vapor deposition layer 23 and a first transparent resin layer 26 having an irregular uneven structure on the surface; a surface of the first transparent resin layer 26 on the uneven structure side.
  • a reflection film 27 that is formed so as to pass through a part of the incident light; an adhesion layer 28 that covers the surface of the reflection film 27; and a contact layer 28 that covers the surface of the adhesion layer 28.
  • a second transparent resin layer 29 is provided on the surface of the first vapor deposition layer 23 and a first transparent resin layer 26 having an irregular uneven structure on the surface; a surface of the first transparent resin layer 26 on the uneven structure side.
  • a reflection film 27 that is formed so as to pass through a part of the incident light; an adhesion layer 28 that covers the surface of the reflection film 27; and a contact layer 28 that covers the surface of the adhesion layer 28.
  • a second transparent resin layer 29 that is formed so as to pass through a part of the incident light.
  • the material of the first transparent resin layer 26 and the second transparent resin layer 29 is preferably a cured product of a photocurable resin, a cured product of a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
  • the material of each transparent resin layer may be the same or different, and the same material is preferable.
  • the reflective film 27 may be one that transmits a part of the light incident on the reflective film 27 and reflects the other part.
  • Examples of the reflection film 27 include a metal film, a semiconductor film, a dielectric single layer film, a dielectric multilayer film, and a combination thereof.
  • Examples of the material of the adhesion layer 28 include COP, acrylic resin, polyester, urethane resin, polycarbonate, PVB, EVA.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the manufacturing process of the reflective image display film.
  • the reflective image display film 20 can be manufactured by, for example, a method including the following steps B1 to B8.
  • Step B1 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor-deposited on both surfaces of the transparent film 21 to form a first vapor deposition layer 23 and a second vapor deposition layer 24.
  • Step B2 A coating liquid containing a solvent, a photocurable resin, etc. is applied to the surface of the second vapor deposition layer 24 and dried to form the uncured film 26a.
  • the mold M having the irregular uneven structure formed on the surface is stacked on the uncured film 26a so that the uneven structure contacts the uncured film 26a.
  • Step B3 The uncured film 26a is irradiated with ultraviolet rays or the like to cure the uncured film 26a to form the first transparent resin layer 26 in which the irregular concavo-convex structure of the mold M is transferred to the surface.
  • the mold M is peeled off from the surface of the first transparent resin layer 26.
  • Step B4 A metal is physically vapor-deposited on the surface of the first transparent resin layer 26 to form a reflection film 27 made of a metal thin film.
  • Step B5 A coating liquid containing a solvent, a thermoplastic resin and the like is applied to the surface of the reflection film 27 and dried to form the adhesion layer 28.
  • the adhesive layer 28 may follow the shape of the reflective layer 27.
  • Step B6 A coating liquid containing a solvent, a photocurable resin, etc. is applied to the surface of the adhesion layer 28 and dried to form an uncured film 29a.
  • a transparent release film F is overlaid on the uncured film 29a.
  • Step B7 The uncured film 29a is irradiated with ultraviolet rays or the like to cure the uncured film 29a to form the second transparent resin layer 29.
  • the release film F is peeled off from the surface of the second transparent resin layer 29.
  • Step B8 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor-deposited on the surface of the second transparent resin layer 29 to form the third vapor deposition layer 25.
  • a resin film having an irregular concavo-convex structure formed on its surface can be used.
  • the resin film having an irregular concavo-convex structure formed on its surface include a resin film containing fine particles and a sandblasted resin film.
  • the coating method of the coating liquid include a die coating method, a blade coating method, a gravure coating method, an inkjet method, and a spray coating method.
  • the physical vapor deposition method include a vacuum vapor deposition method and a sputtering method.
  • the reflection type image display film is not limited to the reflection type image display film 20 in the illustrated example.
  • one or two of the first vapor-deposited layer, the second vapor-deposited layer, and the third vapor-deposited layer may be omitted as long as the adhesiveness does not cause a problem.
  • a transparent film may be provided on both sides of the light scattering layer.
  • the first vapor deposition layer and the third vapor deposition layer are provided on the surface of the transparent film.
  • the second vapor deposition layer is provided on both surfaces of the light scattering layer.
  • the uneven structure on the surface of the first transparent resin layer may be a regular uneven structure (microlens array or the like).
  • the adhesive layer may be omitted. Further, even if there is no reflective film, if the light can be sufficiently reflected and scattered by making the refractive index difference between the first transparent resin layer and the adhesion layer or the second transparent resin layer, the reflective film is omitted. May be.
  • the image display layer of the reflection type image display film is arranged with a gap between the transparent material layer and one surface of the transparent material layer like the screen sheet shown in FIG. 3 of JP-A-2017-102307. It may be a light scattering layer composed of a plurality of light reflecting particles.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a heat ray reflective film which is a third embodiment of the functional film of the present invention.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 includes a transparent film 31, a heat ray reflective layer 32, a first vapor deposition layer 33 provided on a surface of the transparent film 31 opposite to the heat ray reflective layer 32, a transparent film 31 and a heat ray reflective layer. It has the 2nd vapor deposition layer 34 provided between 32 and 32, and the 3rd vapor deposition layer 35 provided in the surface on the opposite side to the transparent film 31 of the heat ray reflective layer 32.
  • Examples of the transparent film 31 include those similar to the above-mentioned base film, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the 1st vapor deposition layer 33, the 2nd vapor deposition layer 34, and the 3rd vapor deposition layer 35 the thing similar to the above-mentioned vapor deposition layer is mentioned and a preferable form is also the same.
  • the heat ray reflective layer 32 is a layer in which high refractive index layers 36 and low refractive index layers 37 are alternately laminated.
  • the form of stacking the high refractive index layer 36 and the low refractive index layer 37 is not limited to the illustrated example. Specific examples of the high refractive index layer 36 and the low refractive index layer 37 include those described in Patent Documents 3 to 5.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 can be manufactured by, for example, a method including the following steps C1 to C3.
  • Step C1 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor deposited on both surfaces of the transparent film 31 to form a first vapor deposition layer 33 and a second vapor deposition layer 34.
  • Step C2 High refractive index layers 36 and low refractive index layers 37 are alternately formed on the surface of the second vapor deposition layer 34.
  • Step C3 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor-deposited on the surface of the outermost high refractive index layer 36 to form a third vapor deposition layer 35.
  • Examples of methods for forming the high refractive index layer 36 and the low refractive index layer 37 include the methods described in Patent Documents 3 to 5.
  • Examples of the physical vapor deposition method include a vacuum vapor deposition method and a sputtering method.
  • the heat ray reflective film is not limited to the heat ray reflective film 30 in the illustrated example.
  • one or two of the first vapor-deposited layer, the second vapor-deposited layer, and the third vapor-deposited layer may be omitted as long as the adhesiveness does not cause a problem.
  • a hard coat layer may be provided on the surface of the transparent film.
  • the first vapor deposition layer is provided on the surface of the hard coat layer.
  • a heat ray absorbing layer may be further provided.
  • the heat ray absorbing layer may be a layer made of a transparent film containing an infrared absorbing agent.
  • FIG. 5 is sectional drawing which shows an example of the designable film which is 4th Embodiment of the functional film of this invention.
  • the designable film 40 includes a transparent film 41, a patterned printing layer 42, a first vapor deposition layer 43 provided on the surface of the transparent film 41 opposite to the printing layer 42, and a printing layer of the transparent film 41.
  • the second vapor deposition layer 44 is provided on the surface on the 42 side, and the third vapor deposition layer 45 is provided on the surface of the printed layer 42 and the exposed surface of the second vapor deposition layer 44.
  • Examples of the transparent film 41 include those similar to the above-mentioned base film, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • Examples of the first vapor deposition layer 43, the second vapor deposition layer 44, and the third vapor deposition layer 45 include the same ones as the vapor deposition layers described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the printing layer 42 is a layer formed by printing a printing ink on the transparent film 41 with a vapor deposition layer in an arbitrary design. Specific examples of the print layer 42 include those described in Patent Documents 6 and 7.
  • the decorative film 40 can be manufactured by, for example, a method including the following steps D1 to D3.
  • Step D1 An inorganic oxide is physically vapor-deposited on both surfaces of the transparent film 41 to form a first vapor deposition layer 43 and a second vapor deposition layer 44.
  • Step D2 The printed layer 42 is formed on the surface of the second vapor deposition layer 44.
  • Step D3 Physically deposit an inorganic oxide on the surface of the printed layer 42 and the exposed surface of the second vapor deposition layer 44 to form the third vapor deposition layer 45.
  • Examples of the method of forming the print layer 42 include the methods described in Patent Documents 6 and 7.
  • Examples of the physical vapor deposition method include a vacuum vapor deposition method and a sputtering method.
  • the designable film is not limited to the designable film 40 in the illustrated example.
  • a protective layer may be provided on the surface of the printed layer.
  • the third vapor deposition layer is provided on the surface of the protective layer.
  • the functional film of the present invention when the outermost surface of the functional film has a vapor-deposited layer of an inorganic oxide having an isoelectric point of 6 or less or 7.4 or more, it is a functional laminated glass. When used, the adhesiveness between the functional film and the adhesive layer is excellent. In addition, when a vapor deposition layer of an inorganic oxide having an isoelectric point of 6 or less or 7.4 or more is provided between the base film and the functional layer in the functional film, a gap between the base film and the functional layer is provided. It has excellent adhesiveness.
  • the functional film of the present invention is a functional film having a base film and a functional layer containing an organic material, and is either the outermost surface of the functional film, or between the base film and the functional layer. Any one or both of them may have a vapor deposition layer of an inorganic oxide having an isoelectric point of 6 or less or 7.4 or more, and is not limited to the functional films of the first to fourth embodiments in the illustrated example.
  • the functional laminated glass of the present invention is obtained by sandwiching the functional film of the present invention between two transparent substrates.
  • the transparent base material and the functional film are adhered by an adhesive layer.
  • Examples of the material of the transparent base material include glass and transparent resin.
  • the material of each transparent substrate may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the glass constituting the transparent substrate include soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, borosilicate glass, and aluminosilicate glass.
  • the transparent base material made of glass may be subjected to chemical strengthening, physical strengthening, hard coating or the like in order to improve durability.
  • Examples of the transparent resin that constitutes the transparent substrate include polycarbonate, polyester (PET, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.), triacetyl cellulose, COP, polymethyl methacrylate, and fluororesin.
  • the adhesive layer is for adhering the transparent substrate and the functional film, and is made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin as a main component.
  • thermoplastic resin used for the adhesive layer include thermoplastic resins conventionally used for this type of application.
  • thermoplastic resin include polyvinyl acetal resin (PVB etc.), polyvinyl chloride resin, saturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA etc.), ethylene-ethyl acrylate resin.
  • Examples thereof include polymer-based resins, ionomers (materials in which ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers are intermolecularly crosslinked with metal ions), and COPs.
  • the adhesive layer preferably contains PVB or EVA from the viewpoint of heat resistance and weather resistance.
  • the material of each adhesive layer may be the same or different.
  • the functional laminated glass of the present invention includes a first transparent base material, an intermediate film to be a first adhesive layer, a functional film of the present invention, an intermediate film to be a second adhesive layer, and a second transparent base material. Can be manufactured by a method of heating and adhering them in this order.
  • a plurality of functional films may be arranged along the surface direction when the functional film is laminated on the intermediate film.
  • the interlayer film preferably contains PVB or EVA from the viewpoint of heat resistance and weather resistance.
  • the intermediate film those used in the production of laminated glass are preferable because the stacking work can be easily performed.
  • the heating temperature for adhesion is preferably 80 to 150°C, more preferably 90 to 140°C.
  • the heating temperature for bonding is preferably 30 to 90 minutes, more preferably 45 to 75 minutes.
  • embossing of the interlayer film disappears and haze can be suppressed.
  • the productivity is high and it is economically preferable.
  • the layered product consisting of the transparent base material, the intermediate film and the functional film is placed in a vacuum bag (rubber bag), pre-bonded in a hot air oven at a relatively low temperature in a vacuumed state, and then autoclaved.
  • the main bonding may be performed at a relatively high temperature in a pressurized state.
  • the heating temperature for pre-bonding is preferably 80° C. or higher and lower than 120° C.
  • the heating time for pre-bonding is preferably 30 to 90 minutes.
  • the heating temperature for the main bonding is preferably 100 to 150°C.
  • the heating time for the main adhesion is preferably 30 to 120 minutes.
  • the pressure for main bonding is preferably 0.6 to 2.0 MPa [abs].
  • the form of the functional laminated glass for example, a transparent screen in which a film for image display is sandwiched between two transparent base materials via an adhesive layer, a heat ray reflective film, and two transparent films via an adhesive layer are used.
  • a transparent screen in which a film for image display is sandwiched between two transparent base materials via an adhesive layer, a heat ray reflective film, and two transparent films via an adhesive layer are used.
  • Examples include heat ray reflective laminated glass sandwiched between base materials, and decorative laminated glass in which a designable film is sandwiched between two transparent base materials via an adhesive layer.
  • the transparent screen is a screen through which a scene on the other side of the screen can be seen and the image light projected on the screen can be visually displayed as an image.
  • it is a screen having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, which allows a scene on the first surface side to be visibly transmitted to an observer on the second surface side.
  • the image on the first surface side is the image light projected from the projector installed on the first surface side so that the view on the second surface side is visibly transmitted to the first surface side observer.
  • the transparent screen may be a transmissive transparent screen that visually displays the image light projected from the first surface side as an image to an observer on the second surface side, and the transparent screen is projected from the first surface side. It may be a reflective transparent screen that displays the image light as an image for the observer on the first surface side.
  • FIG. 6 is a layer configuration diagram showing an example of a transmissive transparent screen which is the first embodiment of the functional laminated glass of the present invention.
  • the transmissive transparent screen 50 is one in which the transmissive image display film 10 is arranged between a first transparent substrate 52 and a second transparent substrate 54.
  • the first transparent base material 52 and the transmissive image display film 10 are adhered by the first adhesive layer 56, and the second transparent base material 54 and the transmissive image display film 10 are adhered by the second adhesive. Bonded by layer 58.
  • Examples of the material of the first transparent base material 52 and the second transparent base material 54 include the same materials as the transparent base material of the functional laminated glass described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • Examples of the first adhesive layer 56 and the second adhesive layer 58 include the same adhesive layers as those of the functional laminated glass described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the image light L projected from the projector 100 and incident from the first surface S1 of the transmissive transparent screen 50 is the light of the transmissive image display film 10.
  • An image is formed by being scattered in the scattering layer 12, and is visually displayed as an image for the second observer X on the opposite side of the projector 100.
  • the light of the scene on the first surface S1 side is incident on the transmissive transparent screen 50 from the first surface S1, and then part of the light is scattered in the light scattering layer 12 and the rest is transmitted. Accordingly, the second observer X on the second surface S2 side can visually recognize the scene on the first surface S1 side.
  • part of the light is scattered in the light scattering layer 12 and the rest is transmitted.
  • the first observer (not shown) on the first surface S1 side can visually recognize the scene on the second surface S2 side.
  • the projector 100 may be any one that can project the image light L on the transmissive transparent screen 50.
  • the projector 100 may be, for example, a known projector, and a short focus projector is preferable.
  • the transmissive transparent screen is not limited to the transmissive transparent screen 50 in the illustrated example.
  • a transmissive image display film in another form described above may be used instead of the transmissive image display film 10.
  • the transmissive transparent screen may further have other layers. Examples of the other layer include a low reflection layer that reduces reflection of light, a light attenuation layer that attenuates part of light, and an infrared shielding layer that shields infrared rays.
  • FIG. 7 is a layer block diagram which shows an example of the reflection type transparent screen which is 2nd Embodiment of the functional laminated glass of this invention.
  • the reflective transparent screen 60 is one in which the reflective image display film 20 is disposed between the first transparent base material 62 and the second transparent base material 64.
  • the first transparent base material 62 and the reflection-type image display film 20 are adhered to each other by the first adhesive layer 66, and the second transparent base material 64 and the reflection-type image display film 20 are adhered to each other by the second adhesion. Bonded by layer 68.
  • the same components as those of the transmissive transparent screen 50 of FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
  • Examples of the material of the first transparent base material 62 and the second transparent base material 64 include the same materials as the transparent base material of the functional laminated glass described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • Examples of the first adhesive layer 66 and the second adhesive layer 68 include the same adhesive layers as those of the functional laminated glass described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the image light L projected from the projector 100 and incident from the first surface S1 of the reflective transparent screen 60 is reflected by the reflective image display film 20.
  • An image is formed by being scattered in the film 27, and is visually displayed as an image for the first observer X on the same side as the projector 100.
  • the light of the scene on the side of the first surface S1 is incident on the reflective transparent screen 60 from the first surface S1 and then partially reflected by the reflective film 27 and the rest is transmitted.
  • the second observer (not shown) on the second surface S2 side can visually recognize the scene on the first surface S1 side.
  • a part of the light is reflected by the reflective film 27 and the rest is transmitted.
  • the first observer X on the first surface S1 side can visually recognize the scene on the second surface S2 side.
  • the reflective transparent screen is not limited to the reflective transparent screen 60 in the illustrated example.
  • a reflection-type image display film of another form described above may be used instead of the reflection-type image display film 20 .
  • the reflective transparent screen may further have other layers. Examples of the other layer include a low reflection layer that reduces reflection of light, a light attenuation layer that attenuates part of light, and an infrared shielding layer that shields infrared rays.
  • FIG. 8 is a layer block diagram which shows an example of the heat ray reflective laminated glass which is 3rd Embodiment of the functional laminated glass of this invention.
  • the heat ray reflective laminated glass 70 has the heat ray reflective film 30 disposed between the first transparent base material 72 and the second transparent base material 74.
  • the first transparent base material 72 and the heat ray reflective film 30 are adhered by the first adhesive layer 76, and the second transparent base material 74 and the heat ray reflective film 30 are adhered by the second adhesive layer 78. There is.
  • Examples of the material of the first transparent base material 72 and the second transparent base material 74 include the same materials as the transparent base material of the functional laminated glass described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the first adhesive layer 76 and the second adhesive layer 78 the same adhesive layers as those of the functional laminated glass described above can be mentioned, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the heat ray reflective laminated glass is not limited to the heat ray reflective laminated glass 70 in the illustrated example.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 instead of the heat ray reflective film 30, the heat ray reflective film of other forms described above may be used.
  • FIG. 9 is a layer block diagram which shows an example of the decorative laminated glass which is 4th Embodiment of the functional laminated glass of this invention.
  • the designable laminated glass 80 has the designable film 40 disposed between the first transparent base material 82 and the second transparent base material 84.
  • the first transparent base material 82 and the designable film 40 are adhered by the first adhesive layer 86, and the second transparent base material 84 and the designable film 40 are adhered by the second adhesive layer 88. There is.
  • Examples of the material of the first transparent base material 82 and the second transparent base material 84 include the same materials as the transparent base material of the functional laminated glass described above, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the first adhesive layer 86 and the second adhesive layer 88 the same adhesive layers as those of the functional laminated glass described above can be mentioned, and the preferred forms are also the same.
  • the designable laminated glass is not limited to the designable laminated glass 80 in the illustrated example.
  • the designable film 40 instead of the designable film 40, the designable film of the other forms described above may be used.
  • the first transparent base material, the first adhesive layer, the functional film of the present invention, the second adhesive layer, and the second transparent base material were laminated in this order.
  • the laminated glass is not limited to the functional laminated glass of the first to fourth embodiments shown in the drawings.
  • the functional laminated glass of the present invention may have a region where the functional film exists and a region where the functional film does not exist.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a functional laminated glass according to one embodiment.
  • the first bonding step E1, the separating step E2, and the second bonding step E3 are performed in this order.
  • FIG. 11 shows a reflection-type image display film 20A that does not have the first vapor deposition layer 23 and the second vapor deposition layer 24, of the reflection-type image display film of FIG.
  • First adhesion step E1 The first adhesion layer 66 is heat-bonded to the surface of the reflection type image display film 20A on the third vapor deposition layer 25 side to form a temporary laminate.
  • Separation step E2 The transparent film 21 is peeled off from the temporary laminate. After the separation step E2, the first transparent resin layer 26 of the light scattering layer 22 is exposed.
  • a thermoplastic resin layer for example, a thickness of about 1 to 10 ⁇ m
  • PVB layer not shown
  • Second bonding step E3 a second transparent base material 64 is laminated on the exposed first transparent resin layer 26 via a second bonding layer 68, and further on the first bonding layer 66, One transparent base material 62 is laminated to form a laminated body.
  • the laminated body is heat-bonded to obtain the reflective transparent screen 60A of FIG.
  • the base film is a film used for forming the functional layer and does not contribute to the development of the function. Therefore, when it is desired to peel off the base material film during the production of the laminated glass, as shown in FIG.
  • the transparent film 21 can be easily peeled from the temporary laminate in the separation step E2, which is preferable.
  • the transparent film 21 can be easily peeled off, which is preferable.
  • the adhesive force between the functional layer and the first adhesive layer is more preferably 10 N/25 mm or more, further preferably 20 N/25 mm or more.
  • a silane coupling agent may be applied to the surface of the first transparent resin layer 26 after the base film is peeled off to increase the adhesive strength with the second adhesive layer 68.
  • Examples 1 to 5 are examples, and Examples 6 to 10 are comparative examples.
  • the test piece in which the functional film, the adhesive layer, and the glass plate were laminated in this order was stabilized in an environment of 23 ⁇ 2°C.
  • the functional film was cut with a cutter knife at intervals of 25 mm, and the functional film was divided into 25 mm wide strips.
  • the strip-shaped functional film was peeled off, and the adhesive layer and the glass plate were sandwiched between the lower chucks of the tensile tester.
  • the play portion of the functional film was folded back at 180 degrees, and the functional film was peeled off until it reached the upper chuck of the tensile tester.
  • the play part of the functional film was sandwiched between the upper chucks of the tensile tester.
  • the functional film was peeled off at 23 ⁇ 2° C. and a pulling speed of 300 mm/min, and the load and the amount of displacement were measured. The load was averaged for a length of 60 mm where the load was stable to obtain the adhesive force (N/25 mm).
  • the adhesive strength of ten strip-shaped functional films was determined, and the final displayed value of the adhesive strength was the average value thereof.
  • the adhesive strength was evaluated according to the following criteria. According to JIS A 5759:2016, the adhesion strength of the glass shatterproof film must be 4.0 N/25 mm or more.
  • Adhesive strength is 20 N/25 mm or more.
  • a cellophane adhesive tape was attached to the surface of the cut coating film so that the tape was attached to the surface by about 50 mm, and the tape was attached to the coating film by rubbing with an eraser. One to two minutes after the tape was attached, the tape was held by holding the edge of the tape at a right angle to the coating film surface, and the tape was peeled off instantaneously.
  • the adhesive strength was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: There is no peeling in the eyes of any lattice. B: Peeling has occurred, and the percentage of the peeled-off lattice is less than 15%. C: The ratio of the peeled-off lattice is 15% or more and less than 35%. D: The ratio of the peeled-off lattice is 35% or more.
  • a transparent PET film (biaxially stretched film, thickness 125 ⁇ m) was prepared. 30 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone, 70 parts by mass of an ultraviolet curable resin, and 3 parts by mass of a photoinitiator were mixed to obtain a coating liquid 1. 90 parts by mass of toluene and 10 parts by mass of COP were mixed to obtain a coating liquid 2. 100 parts by mass of ethanol, 10 parts by mass of PVB powder, 0.1 parts by mass of titanium oxide particles, and 0.1 part by mass of carbon black were mixed to obtain a coating liquid 3. A glass plate (soda lime glass, thickness 3 mm) was prepared. An intermediate film 1 (PVB film, thickness 0.76 mm) was prepared. An intermediate film 2 (EVA film, thickness 0.8 mm) was prepared. An intermediate film 3 (ionomer film, thickness 0.89 mm) was prepared. An intermediate film 4 (COP film, thickness 0.8 mm) was prepared.
  • Example 1 ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 (isoelectric point: 9.1) was vacuum-deposited on both sides of the PET film to form a first vapor deposition layer and a second vapor deposition layer having a thickness of 2 nm. Obtained.
  • the coating liquid 1 is applied to the surface of the second vapor-deposited layer of the double-sided vapor-deposited PET film 1, dried at 90° C. for 4 minutes, and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 1000 mJ to form a functional layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the functional film 1, the intermediate film 1, and the glass plate are laminated in this order so that the first vapor deposition layer of the functional film 1 and the intermediate film 1 are overlapped, placed in a vacuum bag, and in a hot air oven while evacuating.
  • the pre-bonded laminate was transferred to an autoclave and heated at 130° C. and 1.0 MPa [abs] for 60 minutes for main adhesion to obtain a laminate 1.
  • Laminates 2 to 4 were obtained in the same manner except that the intermediate films 2 to 4 were used instead of the intermediate film 1.
  • the adhesive strength at the interface between the first vapor deposition layer and the adhesive layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the coating liquid 2 was applied to the surface of the second vapor deposition layer of the double-sided vapor deposition PET film 1 and dried at 90° C. for 4 minutes to form a functional layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m, and a functional film 2 was obtained.
  • the coating liquid 3 was applied to the surface of the second vapor deposition layer of the double-sided vapor deposition PET film 1 and dried at 95° C. for 3 minutes to form a functional layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to obtain a functional film 3.
  • the adhesion of the functional layer to the second vapor deposition layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 SiO 2 (isoelectric point: 2.2) was vacuum-deposited on both sides of the PET film to form a first vapor deposition layer and a second vapor deposition layer having a thickness of 2 nm to obtain a double-side vapor deposition PET film 2.
  • Functional films 1 to 3 and laminates 1 to 4 were obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the double-sided vapor deposited PET film 2 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 A functional film 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. CuO (isoelectric point: 9.5) was vacuum-deposited on the surface of the functional layer of the functional film 1 to form a third vapor-deposition layer having a thickness of 2 nm, and the double-side vapor deposition functional film 3 was obtained.
  • the double-sided vapor deposition functional film 3, the intermediate film 1, and the glass plate are laminated in this order so that the third vapor deposition layer of the double-sided vapor deposition functional film 3 and the intermediate film 1 overlap, placed in a vacuum bag, and evacuated. Meanwhile, pre-bonding was performed by heating at 100° C. and 0.015 MPa [abs] for 30 minutes in a hot air oven. The pre-bonded laminate was transferred to an autoclave and heated at 130° C. and 1.0 MPa [abs] for 60 minutes for main adhesion to obtain a laminate 1. Laminates 2 to 4 were obtained in the same manner except that the intermediate films 2 to 4 were used instead of the intermediate film 1. For the laminates 1 to 4, the adhesive strength at the interface between the third vapor deposition layer and the adhesive layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the coating liquid 1 is applied to the surface of the third vapor-deposited layer of the double-sided vapor deposition functional film, dried at 90° C. for 4 minutes, and irradiated with 1000 mJ of ultraviolet rays to form a functional layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m. Functional film 1 was obtained.
  • the coating liquid 2 was applied to the surface of the third vapor deposition layer of the double-sided vapor deposition functional film and dried at 90° C. for 4 minutes to form a functional layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to obtain a functional film 2 with a coating film. ..
  • the coating liquid 3 was applied to the surface of the third vapor deposition layer of the double-sided vapor deposition functional film and dried at 95° C.
  • Example 4 Functional film 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. NiO (isoelectric point: 10.3) was vacuum-deposited on the surface of the functional layer of the functional film 2 to form a third vapor-deposition layer having a thickness of 2 nm, and a double-side vapor deposition functional film 4 was obtained. Functional films 1 to 3 with coating films and laminates 1 to 4 were obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the double-sided vapor deposition functional film 4 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 5 A functional film 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Al 2 O 3 (isoelectric point: 9.1) was vacuum-deposited on the surface of the functional layer of the functional film 3 to form a third vapor-deposition layer having a thickness of 2 nm, and a double-sided vapor deposition functional film 5 was obtained. .. The coated functional films 1 to 3 and the laminates 1 to 4 were obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the double-sided vapor deposition functional film 5 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 6 Cr 2 O 3 (isoelectric point: 6.5) was vacuum-deposited on both sides of the PET film to form a first vapor-deposition layer and a second vapor-deposition layer having a thickness of 2 nm, and a double-side vapor deposition PET film 6 was obtained. .. Functional films 1 to 3 and laminates 1 to 4 were obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the double-sided vapor deposited PET film 6 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 7 Functional films 1 to 3 and laminates 1 to 4 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first vapor deposition layer and the second vapor deposition layer were not formed on both sides of the PET film.
  • the laminates 1 to 4 were evaluated for adhesive strength at the interface between the PET film and the adhesive layer. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the functional films 1 to 3 the adhesion of the functional layer to the PET film was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 8 A functional film 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7.
  • the functional film 1, the intermediate film 1, and the glass plate are laminated in this order so that the functional layer of the functional film 1 and the intermediate film 1 overlap, placed in a vacuum bag, and vacuumed to 100° C. in a hot air oven. , 0.015 MPa [abs] for 30 minutes for pre-bonding.
  • the pre-bonded laminate was transferred to an autoclave and heated at 130° C. and 1.0 MPa [abs] for 60 minutes for main adhesion to obtain a laminate 1.
  • Laminates 2 to 4 were obtained in the same manner except that the intermediate films 2 to 4 were used instead of the intermediate film 1.
  • the adhesive strength at the interface between the functional layer and the adhesive layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 9 Functional film 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7. Laminates 1 to 4 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the functional film 2 was used. For the laminates 1 to 4, the adhesive strength at the interface between the functional layer and the adhesive layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 10 A functional film 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7. Laminates 1 to 4 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the functional film 3 was used. For the laminates 1 to 4, the adhesive strength at the interface between the functional layer and the adhesive layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the functional laminated glass of the present invention is useful as, for example, a transparent screen, a heat ray reflective laminated glass, and a designable laminated glass.
  • a transparent screen for example, a transparent screen
  • a heat ray reflective laminated glass for example, a heat ray reflective laminated glass
  • a designable laminated glass for example, a designable laminated glass.

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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

各層間の接着性に優れた機能性合わせガラスを得ることができる機能性フィルム、及び各層間の接着性に優れた機能性合わせガラスの提供。基材フィルム（透明フィルム１１）と、有機材料を含む機能層（光散乱層１２）とを有する機能性フィルム（透過型映像表示用フィルム１０）であり、機能性フィルムの最表面、及び基材フィルムと機能層との間のいずれか一方又は両方に、流動電位法で測定される等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層（第１の蒸着層１３、第２の蒸着層１４、第３の蒸着層１５）を有する、機能性フィルム。

Description

機能性フィルム及び機能性合わせガラス
　本発明は、機能性フィルム、及び機能性フィルムを有する機能性合わせガラスに関する。
　機能性フィルムを２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ機能性合わせガラスとしては、下記のものが知られている。
　・基材フィルムに映像表示層が積層された映像表示用フィルムを、接着層を介して２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ透明スクリーン（特許文献１、２）。
　・基材フィルムに熱線反射層が積層された熱線反射フィルムを、接着層を介して２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ熱線反射合わせガラス（特許文献３～５）。
　・基材フィルムに模様等の意匠層が積層された意匠性フィルムを、接着層を介して２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ意匠性合わせガラス（特許文献６、７）。
国際公開第２０１５／１８６６３０号 国際公開第２０１５／１８６６６８号 特許第４８４８８７２号公報 特開２０１０－２２２２３３号公報 国際公開第２０１３／１６８７１４号 特開平０８－１５７２３９号公報 特開２００９－０７８９６２号公報
　機能性合わせガラスは、ガラス板、接着層となる中間膜、機能性フィルム、接着層となる中間膜、及びガラス板をこの順に重ねた状態で加熱、接着して製造される。
　しかし、機能層（映像表示層、熱線反射層、意匠層等）が有機材料を含む場合、接着層や基材フィルムの材料によっては、機能層と接着層との界面、又は機能層と基材フィルムとの界面の接着性が不充分となることがある。また、接着層や基材フィルムの材料によっては、接着層と基材フィルムとの界面の接着性が不充分となることがある。
　本発明は、各層間の接着性に優れた機能性合わせガラスを得ることができる機能性フィルム、及び各層間の接着性に優れた機能性合わせガラスを提供する。
　本発明は、以下の態様を有する。
　＜１＞有機材料を含む機能層を有する機能性フィルムであり、前記機能性フィルムの最表面、及び前記基材フィルムと前記機能層との間のいずれか一方又は両方に、流動電位法で測定される等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有する、機能性フィルム。
　＜２＞前記機能性フィルムの最表面、及び前記基材フィルムと前記機能層との間の両方に、前記蒸着層を有する、前記＜１＞の機能性フィルム。
　＜３＞前記蒸着層の厚さが、１００ｎｍ以下である、前記＜１＞又は＜２＞の機能性フィルム。
　＜４＞前記蒸着層が、単層である、前記＜１＞～＜３＞のいずれかの機能性フィルム。
　＜５＞前記無機酸化物が、α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３、γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣｕＯ、ＮｉＯ、ＳｉＯ２及びＴｉＯ２からなる群より選ばれる１種以上である、前記＜１＞～＜４＞のいずれかの機能性フィルム。
　＜６＞前記機能層が、映像表示層、熱線反射層、意匠層、保護層、紫外線吸収層、調光層及び高分子分散型液晶層からなる群より選ばれる１種以上である、前記＜１＞～＜５＞のいずれかの機能性フィルム。
　＜７＞第１の透明基材、第１の接着層、前記＜１＞～＜６＞のいずれかの機能性フィルム、第２の接着層、及び第２の透明基材がこの順に積層された、機能性合わせガラス。
　＜８＞前記第１の接着層及び前記第２の接着層が、ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体、アイオノマー及びシクロオレフィンポリマーからなる群より選ばれる１種以上である、前記＜７＞の機能性合わせガラス。
　＜９＞前記蒸着層と、前記第１の接着層及び前記第２の接着層との界面の、ＪＩＳ　Ａ　５７５９（２０１６）に準拠して求めた粘着力が４Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上である、前記＜７＞又は＜８＞の機能性合わせガラス。
　本発明の機能性フィルムによれば、各層間の接着性に優れた機能性合わせガラスを得ることができる。
　本発明の機能性合わせガラスは、各層間の接着性に優れる。
本発明の機能性フィルムの第１の実施形態である透過型映像表示用フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。 本発明の機能性フィルムの第２の実施形態である反射型映像表示用フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。 反射型映像表示用フィルムの製造工程の一例を示す断面図である。 本発明の機能性フィルムの第３の実施形態である熱線反射フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。 本発明の機能性フィルムの第４の実施形態である意匠性フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。 本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第１の実施形態である透過型透明スクリーンの一例を示す層構成図である。 本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第２の実施形態である反射型透明スクリーンの一例を示す層構成図である。 本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第３の実施形態である熱線反射合わせガラスの一例を示す層構成図である。 本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第４の実施形態である意匠性合わせガラスの一例を示す層構成図である。 一実施形態による機能性合わせガラスの製造方法のフローチャートである。 図２に示す反射型映像表示用フィルムの変形例を示す断面図である。 図７に示す反射型透明スクリーンの変形例を示す層構成図である。
　以下の用語の定義は、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲にわたって適用される。
　「等電点」とは、水溶液中の両性電解質（無機酸化物）の電荷が全体として０になるときの水溶液のｐＨを意味する。等電点は、水溶液のｐＨを変化させながら界面動電測定（流動電位法）でゼータ電位を測定し、ゼータ電位が０となった点のｐＨとする。
　「第１の面」とは、映像表示用フィルム又は透明スクリーンの最表面であって、投影機から映像光が投射される側の表面を意味する。
　「第２の面」とは、映像表示用フィルム又は透明スクリーンの最表面であって、第１の面とは反対側の表面を意味する。
　「第１の面側（第２の面側）の光景」とは、映像表示用フィルム又は透明スクリーンの第２の面側（第１の面側）にいる観察者から見て、映像表示用フィルム又は透明スクリーンの向こう側に見える像を意味する。光景には、投影機から投射された映像光が映像表示用フィルム又は透明スクリーンにおいて結像して表示される映像は含まれない。
　「凹凸構造」とは、複数の凸部、複数の凹部、又は複数の凸部及び凹部からなる凹凸形状を意味する。
　「不規則な凹凸構造」とは、凸部又は凹部が周期的に出現せず、かつ凸部又は凹部の大きさが不揃いである凹凸構造を意味する。
　「フィルム」は、枚葉のものであってもよく、連続した帯状のものであってもよい。
　図１～図９、図１１及び図１２における寸法比は、説明の便宜上、実際のものとは異なったものである。
＜機能性フィルム＞
　本発明の機能性フィルムは、有機材料を含む機能層を１層以上有する。１層以上の機能層は、基材フィルム上に形成されることが好ましい。
　本発明の機能性フィルムは、機能性フィルムの最表面、及び基材フィルムと機能層との間のいずれか一方又は両方に、特定の蒸着層を有する。本発明の機能性フィルムは、各層間の接着性がさらに優れる点から、機能性フィルムの最表面、及び基材フィルムと機能層との間の両方に、特定の蒸着層を有することが好ましい。
　基材フィルムは、単層フィルムであってもよく、積層フィルムであってもよい。基材フィルムとしては、通常、透明フィルムが用いられる。透明フィルムとしては、機械的強度を有する点から、延伸フィルムが好ましく、二軸延伸フィルムがより好ましい。
　基材フィルムの材料としては、例えば、ポリエステル（ポリエチレンテレフタレート（以下、「ＰＥＴ」とも記す。）、ポリエチレンナフタレート等）、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリカーボネート、トリアセチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、シクロオレフィンポリマー（以下、「ＣＯＰ」とも記す。）が挙げられる。
　機能層としては、例えば、映像表示層、熱線反射層、意匠層、保護層、紫外線吸収層、調光層、高分子分散型液晶層が挙げられる。
　本発明における機能層は、有機材料を含む。有機材料としては、例えば、樹脂（熱可塑性樹脂、硬化性樹脂の硬化物等）が挙げられる。
　機能層は、無機材料を含んでもよい。無機材料としては、例えば、金属、金属酸化物、ガラス、石英、セラミックス、カーボン系の素材（カーボンブラック等）が挙げられる。
　有機材料を含む映像表示層としては、例えば、透明樹脂内に光散乱材料が分散された光散乱層、不規則な凹凸構造の反射膜が透明樹脂層に埋設された光散乱層が挙げられる。
　有機材料を含む熱線反射層としては、例えば、高屈折率の有機材料を含む高屈折率層と低屈折率の有機材料を含む低屈折率層とを交互に積層した層が挙げられる。
　有機材料を含む意匠層としては、例えば、基材フィルムに任意デザインで印刷インキを印刷して形成された印刷層が挙げられる。
　有機材料を含む保護層は、機能性フィルムの最表面に設けられて機能層の表面や基材フィルムの表面を保護する層である。有機材料を含む保護層としては、例えば、硬化性樹脂の硬化物からなるハードコート層が挙げられる。
　蒸着層は、無機酸化物を蒸着して形成される層である。無機酸化物としては、例えば、金属の酸化物、半金属の酸化物が挙げられる。
　無機酸化物の等電点は、蒸着層の極性が高くなり、隣接する層との接着性に優れる点から、６以下又は７．４以上であり、９以上が好ましい。
　等電点が６以下又は７．４以上の無機酸化物としては、例えば、α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（９．１～９．２（ｓｐ））、γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（７．４～８．６（ｓｐ））、ＣｕＯ、ＮｉＯ、ＳｉＯ２（石英）（２．２～２．８（ｓｐ））、ＴｉＯ２（天然ルチル）（５．５（ｓｐ））が挙げられる。
　なお、括弧内の数値は、古澤，”講義　ゼータ電位の測定”，「ぶんせき」２００４年５号，日本分析化学会，ｐ．２４７－２５４に記載の等電点であり、界面動電測定のうち流動電位法で測定した等電点にｓｐを付して抜粋した。
　ちなみに、等電点が６超７．４未満の無機酸化物としては、例えば、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３（水和物）、ＳｎＯ２、ＴｉＯ２（合成ルチル）（６．７（ｓｐ））が挙げられる。
　蒸着層の厚さは、経済性の点から、１００ｎｍ以下が好ましく、５０ｎｍ以下がより好ましく、２０ｎｍ以下がさらに好ましく、５ｎｍ以下が特に好ましい。蒸着層の厚さの下限値は特に限定されないが、均質な蒸着層を形成する点からは、蒸着層の厚さは１ｎｍ以上が好ましい。
　蒸着層の厚さを薄くし、隣接する層との接着性をさらに優れたものとする点から、蒸着層は単層であることが好ましい。
　機能性フィルムの形態としては、例えば、映像表示層を有する映像表示用フィルム、熱線反射層を有する熱線反射フィルム、意匠層を有する意匠性フィルムが挙げられる。
　映像表示用フィルムは、フィルムの向こう側の光景を透視でき、かつフィルムに投射された映像光を映像として視認可能に表示するフィルムである。具体的には、第１の面及びこれとは反対側の第２の面を有するフィルムであり、第１の面側の光景を第２の面側の観察者に視認可能に透過し、第２の面側の光景を第１の面側の観察者に視認可能に透過し、かつ第１の面側に設置された投影機から投射された映像光を、第１の面側の観察者及び第２の面側の観察者のいずれか一方に映像として視認可能に表示するフィルムである。
　映像表示用フィルムは、第１の面側から投射された映像光を第２の面側の観察者に映像として視認可能に表示する透過型映像表示用フィルムであってもよく、第１の面側から投射された映像光を第１の面側の観察者に映像として視認可能に表示する反射型映像表示用フィルムであってもよい。
　以下、本発明の機能性フィルムの実施形態について説明する。
　（透過型映像表示用フィルム）
　図１は、本発明の機能性フィルムの第１の実施形態である透過型映像表示用フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。
　透過型映像表示用フィルム１０は、透明フィルム１１と、光散乱層１２と、透明フィルム１１の光散乱層１２とは反対側の表面に設けられた第１の蒸着層１３と、透明フィルム１１と光散乱層１２との間に設けられた第２の蒸着層１４と、光散乱層１２の透明フィルム１１とは反対側の表面に設けられた第３の蒸着層１５とを有する。
　透明フィルム１１としては、上述した基材フィルムと同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の蒸着層１３、第２の蒸着層１４及び第３の蒸着層１５としては、上述した蒸着層と同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　光散乱層１２は、透明樹脂１６内に光散乱材料１７が分散された層である。光散乱層１２は、光吸収材料を含んでいてもよい。
　透明樹脂１６としては、例えば、光硬化性樹脂（アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等）の硬化物、熱硬化性樹脂（アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等）の硬化物、熱可塑性樹脂（ポリエステル、アクリル樹脂、ポリオレフィン、ＣＯＰ、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ウレタン樹脂、アイオノマー、ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂（ポリビニルブチラール（以下、「ＰＶＢ」とも記す。）等）、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体（以下、「ＥＶＡ」とも記す。）、フッ素樹脂、シリコーン樹脂が挙げられる。
　光散乱材料１７としては、例えば、高屈折率材料の微粒子（酸化チタン（屈折率：２．５～２．７）、酸化ジルコニウム（屈折率：２．４）、酸化アルミニウム（屈折率：１．７６）等）、低屈折率材料の微粒子（ポーラスシリカ（屈折率：１．３以下）、中空シリカ（屈折率：１．３以下）等）、透明樹脂１６との相溶性の低い屈折率が異なる樹脂材料、結晶化した１μｍ以下の樹脂材料が挙げられる。光散乱材料１７としては、高屈折率である点から、酸化チタン又は酸化ジルコニウムが特に好ましい。
　光吸収材料としては、例えば、カーボン系の素材（カーボンブラック、チタンブラック、ナノダイヤモンド、フラーレン、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノホーン、グラフェン等）、黒色シリカ、銀が最も多い金属元素である微粒子材料、有機染料が挙げられる。
　透過型映像表示用フィルム１０は、例えば、下記の工程Ａ１～Ａ３を有する方法にて製造できる。
　工程Ａ１：透明フィルム１１の両面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第１の蒸着層１３及び第２の蒸着層１４を形成する。
　工程Ａ２：溶剤、熱可塑性樹脂及び光散乱材料１７を含む塗布液を、第２の蒸着層１４の表面に塗布し、乾燥させて光散乱層１２を形成する。又は、溶剤、光硬化性樹脂及び光散乱材料１７を含む塗布液を、第２の蒸着層１４の表面に塗布し、乾燥させて未硬化膜を形成し、未硬化膜の上に別の透明フィルムを重ね、未硬化膜に紫外線等を照射し、光硬化性樹脂を硬化させて光散乱層１２を形成する。
　工程Ａ３：光散乱層１２の表面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第３の蒸着層１５を形成する。
　塗布液の塗布方法としては、例えば、ダイコート法、ブレードコート法、グラビアコート法、インクジェット法、スプレーコート法が挙げられる。
　物理蒸着法としては、例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法が挙げられる。
　なお、透過型映像表示用フィルムは、図示例の透過型映像表示用フィルム１０に限定されない。
　例えば、接着性に問題が生じない範囲内において、第１の蒸着層、第２の蒸着層及び第３の蒸着層のうち、１つ又は２つを省略してもよい。
　また、光散乱層の両面側に透明フィルムを設けてもよい。この場合、第１の蒸着層及び第３の蒸着層は、透明フィルムの表面に設けられる。また、第２の蒸着層は、光散乱層の両面に設けられる。
　また、透過型映像表示用フィルムの映像表示層は、特許文献１の図１に記載の映像投影構造体のように、透明層と、透明層の内部に互いに平行に、かつ所定の間隔で配置された複数の光散乱部とからなる光散乱層であってもよい。
　また、透過型映像表示用フィルムの映像表示層は、特開２０１７－１０２３０７号公報の図５に記載のスクリーンシートのように、凹凸層と、凹凸層の表面の凹凸を埋める被覆層とからなる光散乱層であってもよい。
　（反射型映像表示用フィルム）
　図２は、本発明の機能性フィルムの第２の実施形態である反射型映像表示用フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。
　反射型映像表示用フィルム２０は、透明フィルム２１と、光散乱層２２と、透明フィルム２１の光散乱層２２とは反対側の表面に設けられた第１の蒸着層２３と、透明フィルム２１と光散乱層２２との間に設けられた第２の蒸着層２４と、光散乱層２２の透明フィルム２１とは反対側の表面に設けられた第３の蒸着層２５とを有する。
　透明フィルム２１としては、上述した基材フィルムと同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の蒸着層２３、第２の蒸着層２４及び第３の蒸着層２５としては、上述した蒸着層と同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　光散乱層２２は、第１の蒸着層２３の表面に設けられた、表面に不規則な凹凸構造を有する第１の透明樹脂層２６と；第１の透明樹脂層２６の凹凸構造側の面に沿うように形成された、入射した光の一部を透過する反射膜２７と；反射膜２７の表面を覆うように設けられた密着層２８と；密着層２８の表面を覆うように設けられた第２の透明樹脂層２９とを有する。
　第１の透明樹脂層２６及び第２の透明樹脂層２９の材料としては、光硬化性樹脂の硬化物、熱硬化性樹脂の硬化物又は熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。各透明樹脂層の材料は、同じものであってもよく、異なるものであってもよく、同じものが好ましい。
　反射膜２７は、反射膜２７に入射した光の一部を透過し、他の一部を反射するものであればよい。反射膜２７としては、例えば、金属膜、半導体膜、誘電体単層膜、誘電体多層膜、これらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
　密着層２８の材料としては、例えば、ＣＯＰ、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル、ウレタン樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ＰＶＢ、ＥＶＡが挙げられる。
　図３は、反射型映像表示用フィルムの製造工程の一例を示す断面図である。反射型映像表示用フィルム２０は、例えば、下記の工程Ｂ１～Ｂ８を有する方法にて製造できる。
　工程Ｂ１：透明フィルム２１の両面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第１の蒸着層２３及び第２の蒸着層２４を形成する。
　工程Ｂ２：溶剤、光硬化性樹脂等を含む塗布液を第２の蒸着層２４の表面に塗布し、乾燥させて未硬化膜２６ａを形成する。不規則な凹凸構造が表面に形成されたモールドＭを、凹凸構造が未硬化膜２６ａに接するように、未硬化膜２６ａの上に重ねる。
　工程Ｂ３：未硬化膜２６ａに紫外線等を照射し、未硬化膜２６ａを硬化させて、モールドＭの不規則な凹凸構造が表面に転写された第１の透明樹脂層２６を形成する。モールドＭを第１の透明樹脂層２６の表面から剥離する。
　工程Ｂ４：第１の透明樹脂層２６の表面に金属を物理蒸着し、金属薄膜からなる反射膜２７を形成する。
　工程Ｂ５：溶剤、熱可塑性樹脂等を含む塗布液を反射膜２７の表面に塗布し、乾燥させて密着層２８を形成する。密着層２８は、反射層２７の形状に追従していてもよい。
　工程Ｂ６：溶剤、光硬化性樹脂等を含む塗布液を密着層２８の表面に塗布し、乾燥させて未硬化膜２９ａを形成する。未硬化膜２９ａの上に透明な離型フィルムＦを重ねる。
　工程Ｂ７：未硬化膜２９ａに紫外線等を照射し、未硬化膜２９ａを硬化させて、第２の透明樹脂層２９を形成する。離型フィルムＦを第２の透明樹脂層２９の表面から剥離する。
　工程Ｂ８：第２の透明樹脂層２９の表面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第３の蒸着層２５を形成する。
　モールドＭとしては、例えば、不規則な凹凸構造が表面に形成された樹脂フィルムが挙げられる。不規則な凹凸構造が表面に形成された樹脂フィルムとしては、例えば、微粒子を含む樹脂フィルム、サンドブラスト処理された樹脂フィルムが挙げられる。
　塗布液の塗布方法としては、例えば、ダイコート法、ブレードコート法、グラビアコート法、インクジェット法、スプレーコート法が挙げられる。
　物理蒸着法としては、例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法が挙げられる。
　なお、反射型映像表示用フィルムは、図示例の反射型映像表示用フィルム２０に限定されない。
　例えば、接着性に問題が生じない範囲内において、第１の蒸着層、第２の蒸着層及び第３の蒸着層のうち、１つ又は２つを省略してもよい。
　また、光散乱層の両面側に透明フィルムを設けてもよい。この場合、第１の蒸着層及び第３の蒸着層は、透明フィルムの表面に設けられる。また、第２の蒸着層は、光散乱層の両面に設けられる。
　また、第１の透明樹脂層の表面の凹凸構造が規則的な凹凸構造（マイクロレンズアレイ等）であってもよい。
　また、密着層がなくても、反射膜と第２の透明樹脂層との密着性に問題がない場合は、密着層を省略してもよい。
　また、反射膜がなくても、第１の透明樹脂層と密着層又は第２の透明樹脂層との屈折率差をつけることにより充分に光を反射、散乱できる場合は、反射膜を省略してもよい。
　反射型映像表示用フィルムの映像表示層は、特開２０１７－１０２３０７号公報の図３に記載のスクリーンシートのように、透明材料層と、透明材料層の一方の表面に隙間をあけて並んだ複数の光反射粒子とからなる光散乱層であってもよい。
　（熱線反射フィルム）
　図４は、本発明の機能性フィルムの第３の実施形態である熱線反射フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。
　熱線反射フィルム３０は、透明フィルム３１と、熱線反射層３２と、透明フィルム３１の熱線反射層３２とは反対側の表面に設けられた第１の蒸着層３３と、透明フィルム３１と熱線反射層３２との間に設けられた第２の蒸着層３４と、熱線反射層３２の透明フィルム３１とは反対側の表面に設けられた第３の蒸着層３５とを有する。
　透明フィルム３１としては、上述した基材フィルムと同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の蒸着層３３、第２の蒸着層３４及び第３の蒸着層３５としては、上述した蒸着層と同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　熱線反射層３２は、高屈折率層３６と低屈折率層３７とが交互に積層した層である。高屈折率層３６と低屈折率層３７との積層の形態は、図示例のものに限定されない。
　高屈折率層３６及び低屈折率層３７の具体例としては、例えば、特許文献３～５に記載のものが挙げられる。
　熱線反射フィルム３０は、例えば、下記の工程Ｃ１～Ｃ３を有する方法にて製造できる。
　工程Ｃ１：透明フィルム３１の両面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第１の蒸着層３３及び第２の蒸着層３４を形成する。
　工程Ｃ２：第２の蒸着層３４の表面に、高屈折率層３６と低屈折率層３７とを交互に形成する。
　工程Ｃ３：最表層の高屈折率層３６の表面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第３の蒸着層３５を形成する。
　高屈折率層３６及び低屈折率層３７の形成方法としては、例えば、特許文献３～５に記載の方法が挙げられる。
　物理蒸着法としては、例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法が挙げられる。
　なお、熱線反射フィルムは、図示例の熱線反射フィルム３０に限定されない。
　例えば、接着性に問題が生じない範囲内において、第１の蒸着層、第２の蒸着層及び第３の蒸着層のうち、１つ又は２つを省略してもよい。
　また、透明フィルムの表面にハードコート層を設けてもよい。この場合、第１の蒸着層は、ハードコート層の表面に設けられる。
　また、熱線吸収層をさらに設けてもよい。熱線吸収層は、赤外線吸収剤を配合した透明フィルムからなる層であってもよい。
　（意匠性フィルム）
　図５は、本発明の機能性フィルムの第４の実施形態である意匠性フィルムの一例を示す断面図である。
　意匠性フィルム４０は、透明フィルム４１と、パターン状の印刷層４２と、透明フィルム４１の印刷層４２とは反対側の表面に設けられた第１の蒸着層４３と、透明フィルム４１の印刷層４２側の表面に設けられた第２の蒸着層４４と、印刷層４２の表面及び第２の蒸着層４４の露出面に設けられた第３の蒸着層４５とを有する。
　透明フィルム４１としては、上述した基材フィルムと同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の蒸着層４３、第２の蒸着層４４及び第３の蒸着層４５としては、上述した蒸着層と同様のものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　印刷層４２は、蒸着層付き透明フィルム４１に任意デザインで印刷インキを印刷して形成された層である。
　印刷層４２の具体例としては、例えば、特許文献６、７に記載のものが挙げられる。
　意匠性フィルム４０は、例えば、下記の工程Ｄ１～Ｄ３を有する方法にて製造できる。
　工程Ｄ１：透明フィルム４１の両面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第１の蒸着層４３及び第２の蒸着層４４を形成する。
　工程Ｄ２：第２の蒸着層４４の表面に印刷層４２を形成する。
　工程Ｄ３：印刷層４２の表面及び第２の蒸着層４４の露出面に無機酸化物を物理蒸着させて第３の蒸着層４５を形成する。
　印刷層４２の形成方法としては、例えば、特許文献６、７に記載の方法が挙げられる。
　物理蒸着法としては、例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法が挙げられる。
　なお、意匠性フィルムは、図示例の意匠性フィルム４０に限定されない。
　例えば、印刷層の表面に保護層を設けてもよい。この場合、第３の蒸着層は、保護層の表面に設けられる。
　（作用機序）
　以上説明した本発明の機能性フィルムにあっては、機能性フィルムの最表面に、等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有する場合、機能性合わせガラスに用いた際に、機能性フィルムと接着層との間の接着性に優れたものとなる。また、機能性フィルムにおける基材フィルムと機能層との間に、等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有する場合、基材フィルムと機能層との間の接着性に優れたものとなる。
　なお、本発明の機能性フィルムは、基材フィルムと、有機材料を含む機能層とを有する機能性フィルムであり、機能性フィルムの最表面、及び基材フィルムと機能層との間のいずれか一方又は両方に、等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有するものであればよく、図示例の第１～４の実施形態の機能性フィルムに限定されない。
＜機能性合わせガラス＞
　本発明の機能性合わせガラスは、本発明の機能性フィルムを２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだものである。透明基材と機能性フィルムとは、接着層によって接着されている。
　透明基材の材料としては、例えば、ガラス、透明樹脂が挙げられる。各透明基材の材料は、同じものであってもよく、異なるものであってもよい。
　透明基材を構成するガラスとしては、例えば、ソーダライムガラス、無アルカリガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、アルミノケイ酸塩ガラスが挙げられる。ガラスからなる透明基材には、耐久性を向上させるために、化学強化、物理強化、ハードコーティング等を施してもよい。
　透明基材を構成する透明樹脂としては、例えば、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル（ＰＥＴ、ポリエチレンナフタレート等）、トリアセチルセルロース、ＣＯＰ、ポリメチルメタクリレート、フッ素樹脂が挙げられる。
　接着層は、透明基材と機能性フィルムとを接着するためのものであり、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とする熱可塑性樹脂組成物からなるものである。接着層に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂としては、従来からこの種の用途に用いられている熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられる。熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂（ＰＶＢ等）、ポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂、飽和ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体系樹脂（ＥＶＡ等）、エチレン－エチルアクリレート共重合体系樹脂、アイオノマー（エチレン－メタクリル酸共重合体の分子間を金属イオンで架橋した材料等）、ＣＯＰが挙げられる。接着層としては、耐熱性や耐候性の点から、ＰＶＢ又はＥＶＡを含むものが好ましい。各接着層の材料は、同じものであってもよく、異なるものであってもよい。
　本発明の機能性合わせガラスは、第１の透明基材、第１の接着層となる中間膜、本発明の機能性フィルム、第２の接着層となる中間膜、及び第２の透明基材をこの順に重ねた状態で加熱して接着する方法によって製造できる。
　機能性合わせガラスが大面積のものである場合、機能性フィルムを中間膜の上に重ねる際に、複数の機能性フィルムを面方向に沿って並べてもよい。
　中間膜としては、耐熱性や耐候性の点から、ＰＶＢ又はＥＶＡを含むものが好ましい。
　中間膜としては、積み重ね作業を容易に行うことができる点から、合わせガラスの製造に用いられるものが好ましい。
　接着する際の加熱温度は、８０～１５０℃が好ましく、９０～１４０℃がより好ましい。加熱温度が前記範囲の下限値以上であれば、中間膜のエンボスが消失しヘーズを抑制できる。加熱温度が前記範囲の上限値以下であれば、機能性フィルムの過剰な収縮とそれに伴う泡の発生が抑えられる。
　接着する際の加熱時間は、３０～９０分間が好ましく、４５～７５分間がより好ましい。加熱時間が前記範囲の下限値以上であれば、中間膜のエンボスが消失しヘーズを抑制できる。加熱時間が前記範囲の上限値以下であれば、生産性が高く、経済的に好ましい。
　透明基材、中間膜及び機能性フィルムを重ねた積層体は、真空バッグ（ゴム袋）に入れられ、真空引きされた状態で、熱風炉内で比較的低い温度で予備接着された後、オートクレーブに移して加圧状態で、比較的高い温度で本接着されてもよい。
　予備接着する際の加熱温度は、８０℃以上１２０℃未満が好ましい。予備接着する際の加熱時間は、３０～９０分間が好ましい。
　本接着する際の加熱温度は、１００～１５０℃が好ましい。本接着する際の加熱時間は、３０～１２０分間が好ましい。本接着する際の圧力は、０．６～２．０ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］が好ましい。
　機能性合わせガラスの形態としては、例えば、映像表示用フィルムを、接着層を介して２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ透明スクリーン、熱線反射フィルムを、接着層を介して２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ熱線反射合わせガラス、意匠性フィルムを、接着層を介して２枚の透明基材の間に挟み込んだ意匠性合わせガラスが挙げられる。
　透明スクリーンは、スクリーンの向こう側の光景を透視でき、かつスクリーンに投射された映像光を映像として視認可能に表示するスクリーンである。具体的には、第１の面及びこれとは反対側の第２の面を有するスクリーンであり、第１の面側の光景を第２の面側の観察者に視認可能に透過し、第２の面側の光景を第１の面側の観察者に視認可能に透過し、かつ第１の面側に設置された投影機から投射された映像光を、第１の面側の観察者及び第２の面側の観察者のいずれか一方に映像として視認可能に表示するスクリーンである。
　透明スクリーンは、第１の面側から投射された映像光を第２の面側の観察者に映像として視認可能に表示する透過型透明スクリーンであってもよく、第１の面側から投射された映像光を第１の面側の観察者に映像として視認可能に表示する反射型透明スクリーンであってもよい。
　以下、本発明の機能性合わせガラスの実施形態について説明する。
　（透過型透明スクリーン）
　図６は、本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第１の実施形態である透過型透明スクリーンの一例を示す層構成図である。
　透過型透明スクリーン５０は、第１の透明基材５２と第２の透明基材５４との間に、透過型映像表示用フィルム１０が配置されたものである。
　第１の透明基材５２と透過型映像表示用フィルム１０とは、第１の接着層５６によって接着され、第２の透明基材５４と透過型映像表示用フィルム１０とは、第２の接着層５８によって接着されている。
　第１の透明基材５２及び第２の透明基材５４の材料としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの透明基材と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の接着層５６及び第２の接着層５８としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの接着層と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　透過型透明スクリーン５０においては、図６に示すように、投影機１００から投射され、透過型透明スクリーン５０の第１の面Ｓ１から入射した映像光Ｌが、透過型映像表示用フィルム１０の光散乱層１２において散乱することによって結像し、投影機１００とは反対側にいる第２の観察者Ｘに映像として視認可能に表示される。
　第１の面Ｓ１側の光景の光は、第１の面Ｓ１から透過型透明スクリーン５０に入射した後、光散乱層１２において一部が散乱し、残りは透過する。これにより、第２の面Ｓ２側の第２の観察者Ｘが第１の面Ｓ１側の光景を視認できる。同じく、第２の面Ｓ２側の光景の光は、第２の面Ｓ２から透過型透明スクリーン５０に入射した後、光散乱層１２において一部が散乱し、残りは透過する。これにより、第１の面Ｓ１側の第１の観察者（図示略）が第２の面Ｓ２側の光景を視認できる。
　投影機１００は、透過型透明スクリーン５０に映像光Ｌを投射できるものであればよい。投影機１００としては、例えば、公知のプロジェクタが挙げられ、短焦点プロジェクタが好ましい。
　なお、透過型透明スクリーンは、図示例の透過型透明スクリーン５０に限定されない。
　例えば、透過型映像表示用フィルム１０の代わりに、上述した他の形態の透過型映像表示用フィルムを用いてもよい。
　また、透過型透明スクリーンは、他の層をさらに有していてもよい。他の層としては、例えば、光の反射を低減させる低反射層、光の一部を減衰させる光減衰層、赤外線を遮蔽する赤外線遮蔽層が挙げられる。
　（反射型透明スクリーン）
　図７は、本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第２の実施形態である反射型透明スクリーンの一例を示す層構成図である。
　反射型透明スクリーン６０は、第１の透明基材６２と第２の透明基材６４との間に、反射型映像表示用フィルム２０が配置されたものである。
　第１の透明基材６２と反射型映像表示用フィルム２０とは、第１の接着層６６によって接着され、第２の透明基材６４と反射型映像表示用フィルム２０とは、第２の接着層６８によって接着されている。
　以下、図５の透過型透明スクリーン５０と同じ構成のものについては同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。
　第１の透明基材６２及び第２の透明基材６４の材料としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの透明基材と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の接着層６６及び第２の接着層６８としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの接着層と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　反射型透明スクリーン６０においては、図７に示すように、投影機１００から投射され、反射型透明スクリーン６０の第１の面Ｓ１から入射した映像光Ｌが、反射型映像表示用フィルム２０の反射膜２７において散乱することによって結像し、投影機１００と同じ側にいる第１の観察者Ｘに映像として視認可能に表示される。
　第１の面Ｓ１側の光景の光は、第１の面Ｓ１から反射型透明スクリーン６０に入射した後、反射膜２７において一部が反射し、残りは透過する。これにより、第２の面Ｓ２側の第２の観察者（図示略）が第１の面Ｓ１側の光景を視認できる。同じく、第２の面Ｓ２側の光景の光は、第２の面Ｓ２から反射型透明スクリーン６０に入射した後、反射膜２７において一部が反射し、残りは透過する。これにより、第１の面Ｓ１側の第１の観察者Ｘが第２の面Ｓ２側の光景を視認できる。
　なお、反射型透明スクリーンは、図示例の反射型透明スクリーン６０に限定されない。
　例えば、反射型映像表示用フィルム２０の代わりに、上述した他の形態の反射型映像表示用フィルムを用いてもよい。
　また、反射型透明スクリーンは、他の層をさらに有していてもよい。他の層としては、例えば、光の反射を低減させる低反射層、光の一部を減衰させる光減衰層、赤外線を遮蔽する赤外線遮蔽層が挙げられる。
　（熱線反射合わせガラス）
　図８は、本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第３の実施形態である熱線反射合わせガラスの一例を示す層構成図である。
　熱線反射合わせガラス７０は、第１の透明基材７２と第２の透明基材７４との間に、熱線反射フィルム３０が配置されたものである。
　第１の透明基材７２と熱線反射フィルム３０とは、第１の接着層７６によって接着され、第２の透明基材７４と熱線反射フィルム３０とは、第２の接着層７８によって接着されている。
　第１の透明基材７２及び第２の透明基材７４の材料としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの透明基材と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の接着層７６及び第２の接着層７８としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの接着層と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　なお、熱線反射合わせガラスは、図示例の熱線反射合わせガラス７０に限定されない。
　例えば、熱線反射フィルム３０の代わりに、上述した他の形態の熱線反射フィルムを用いてもよい。
　（意匠性合わせガラス）
　図９は、本発明の機能性合わせガラスの第４の実施形態である意匠性合わせガラスの一例を示す層構成図である。
　意匠性合わせガラス８０は、第１の透明基材８２と第２の透明基材８４との間に、意匠性フィルム４０が配置されたものである。
　第１の透明基材８２と意匠性フィルム４０とは、第１の接着層８６によって接着され、第２の透明基材８４と意匠性フィルム４０とは、第２の接着層８８によって接着されている。
　第１の透明基材８２及び第２の透明基材８４の材料としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの透明基材と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　第１の接着層８６及び第２の接着層８８としては、上述した機能性合わせガラスの接着層と同じものが挙げられ、好ましい形態も同様である。
　なお、意匠性合わせガラスは、図示例の意匠性合わせガラス８０に限定されない。
　例えば、意匠性フィルム４０の代わりに、上述した他の形態の意匠性フィルムを用いてもよい。
　（作用機序）
　以上説明した本発明の機能性合わせガラスにあっては、機能性フィルムの最表面に、等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有する場合、機能性フィルムと接着層との間の接着性に優れたものとなる。また、機能性フィルムにおける基材フィルムと機能層との間に、等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有する場合、基材フィルムと機能層との間の接着性に優れたものとなる。
　なお、本発明の機能性合わせガラスは、第１の透明基材、第１の接着層、本発明の機能性フィルム、第２の接着層、及び第２の透明基材がこの順に積層されたものであればよく、図示例の第１～４の実施形態の機能性合わせガラスに限定されない。
　本発明の機能性合わせガラスは、機能性フィルムが存在する領域と、機能性フィルムが存在しない領域とを有するものであってもよい。
＜機能性合わせガラスの製造方法＞
　図１０は、一実施形態による機能性合わせガラスの製造方法のフローチャートである。機能性合わせガラスの製造方法は、第１接着工程Ｅ１と、分離工程Ｅ２と、第２接着工程Ｅ３とをこの順で経ることが好ましい。以下、一例として図２の反射型映像表示用フィルムの変形例である図１１の反射型映像表示用フィルム２０Ａを合わせガラス化して図１２の反射型透明スクリーン６０Ａを作製する際の各工程について説明する。
　図１１は、図２の反射型映像表示用フィルムのうち、第１の蒸着層２３および第２の蒸着層２４を有しない反射型映像表示用フィルム２０Ａを示している。
　第１接着工程Ｅ１：反射型映像表示用フィルム２０Ａの第３の蒸着層２５側の面に、第１の接着層６６を熱接着して、仮積層体を形成する。
　分離工程Ｅ２：仮積層体から透明フィルム２１を剥離する。分離工程Ｅ２の後、光散乱層２２の第１の透明樹脂層２６が露出する。ここで、仮積層体から透明フィルム２１を剥離しやすくするために、透明フィルム２１と第１の透明樹脂層２６との間の密着性を制御する熱可塑性樹脂層（例えば厚さ１～１０ｕｍ程度のＰＶＢ層、不図示）が設けられていてもよい。
　第２接着工程Ｅ３：露出した第１の透明樹脂層２６上に、第２の接着層６８を介して第２の透明基材６４を積層し、さらに、第１の接着層６６上に、第１の透明基材６２を積層して、積層体を形成する。当該積層体を熱接着して、図１２の反射型透明スクリーン６０Ａが得られる。
　基材フィルムは機能層の形成のために用いられるフィルムであり、当該機能の発現には寄与しない。したがって、合わせガラス作製時に基材フィルムを剥離したい場合には、図１１に示すように、機能層（光散乱層２２）のうち、基材フィルム（透明フィルム２１）との接触面には第１の蒸着層を設けず、第１の接着層６６との接触面のみに第３の蒸着層２６を設けることで、分離工程Ｅ２において、仮積層体から透明フィルム２１を容易に剥離でき、好ましい。
　例えば、基材フィルムと機能層との粘着力が４Ｎ／２５ｍｍ未満で、かつ、機能層と第１の接着層との粘着力が４Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上であれば、分離工程Ｅ２において、仮積層体から透明フィルム２１を容易に剥離でき、好ましい。機能層と第１の接着層との粘着力が１０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上であるとより好ましく、２０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上であるとさらに好ましい。
　なお、基材フィルムを剥離した後の第１の透明樹脂層２６の表面に、シランカップリング剤を塗布して、第２の接着層６８との粘着力を高めてもよい。
　以下に実施例を用いて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
　例１～５は実施例であり、例６～１０は比較例である。
　（粘着力試験）
　機能性フィルム、接着層、ガラス板の順に積層された試験片について、２３±２℃の環境下で安定させた。機能性フィルムにカッターナイフを用いて２５ｍｍ間隔で切れ込みを入れ、機能性フィルムを２５ｍｍ幅の短冊状に分割した。短冊状の機能性フィルムを剥がし、接着層及びガラス板の部分を、引張試験装置の下部チャックに挟んだ。機能性フィルムの遊び部分を１８０度に折り返し、引張試験装置の上部チャックに届くまで機能性フィルムを剥がした。機能性フィルムの遊び部分を引張試験装置の上部チャックに挟んだ。ＪＩＳ　Ａ　５７５９：２０１６に準拠し、２３±２℃、引張速度３００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで機能性フィルムを引き剥がし、荷重及び変位量を計測した。荷重の安定した６０ｍｍの長さについて荷重を平均化して粘着力（Ｎ／２５ｍｍ）とした。１０本の短冊状の機能性フィルムについて粘着力を求め、最終的な粘着力の表示値はその平均値とした。粘着力は、下記基準にて評価した。ＪＩＳ　Ａ　５７５９：２０１６においては、ガラス飛散防止フィルムの粘着力は、４．０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上に適合しなければならないとされている。
　Ａ：粘着力が２０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上である。
　Ｂ：粘着力が１０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上２０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ未満である。
　Ｃ：粘着力が４Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上１０Ｎ／２５ｍｍ未満である。
　Ｄ：粘着力が４Ｎ／２５ｍｍ未満である。
　（付着性試験）
　基材フィルムの表面に直接又は蒸着層を介して機能層（塗膜）を形成した試験片、又は機能性フィルムの表面に塗膜を形成した試験片について、ＪＩＳ　Ｋ　５６００－５－６：１９９９（対応国際規格ＩＳＯ　２４０９：１９９２）に準拠し、クロスカット法によって塗膜の付着性を評価した。
　カッターナイフの刃は常に新しいものを使用した。素地まで到達する切れ込みを塗膜に間隔１ｍｍで１１本入れ、９０度向きを変え同様に切れ込みを１１本入れた。カットした塗膜の表面に約５０ｍｍ付着するようにセロハン粘着テープを貼り付け、消しゴムでこすって塗膜にテープを付着させた。テープを付着させてから１～２分後に、テープの端を持って塗膜面に直角に保ち、瞬間的にテープを引き剥がした。粘着力は、下記基準にて評価した。
　Ａ：どの格子の目にも剥がれがない。
　Ｂ：剥がれが生じており、剥がれた格子の目の割合が１５％未満である。
　Ｃ：剥がれた格子の目の割合が１５％以上３５％未満である。
　Ｄ：剥がれた格子の目の割合が３５％以上である。
　（原材料）
　透明なＰＥＴフィルム（二軸延伸フィルム、厚さ１２５μｍ）を用意した。
　メチルエチルケトン３０質量部、紫外線硬化性樹脂７０質量部、光開始剤３質量部を混合し、塗布液１を得た。
　トルエン９０質量部、ＣＯＰ１０質量部を混合し、塗布液２を得た。
　エタノール１００質量部、ＰＶＢ粉末１０質量部、酸化チタン粒子０．１質量部、カーボンブラック０．１質量部を混合し、塗布液３を得た。
　ガラス板（ソーダライムガラス、厚さ３ｍｍ）を用意した。
　中間膜１（ＰＶＢ膜、厚さ０．７６ｍｍ）を用意した。
　中間膜２（ＥＶＡ膜、厚さ０．８ｍｍ）を用意した。
　中間膜３（アイオノマー膜、厚さ０．８９ｍｍ）を用意した。
　中間膜４（ＣＯＰ膜、厚さ０．８ｍｍ）を用意した。
　（例１）
　ＰＥＴフィルムの両面にα－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（等電点：９．１）を真空蒸着し、厚さ２ｎｍの第１の蒸着層及び第２の蒸着層を形成し、両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム１を得た。
　両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム１の第２の蒸着層の表面に塗布液１を塗布し、９０℃にて４分間乾燥し、１０００ｍＪの紫外線を照射し、厚さ１０μｍの機能層を形成し、機能性フィルム１を得た。
　機能性フィルム１、中間膜１、ガラス板をこの順に、かつ機能性フィルム１の第１の蒸着層と中間膜１とが重なるように積層し、真空バッグに入れ、真空引きしながら熱風炉内で１００℃、０．０１５ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］で３０分間加熱して予備接着した。予備接着された積層体をオートクレーブに移し、１３０℃、１．０ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］で６０分間加熱して本接着し、積層体１を得た。
　中間膜１の代わりに中間膜２～４を用いた以外は同様にして積層体２～４を得た。
　積層体１～４について、第１の蒸着層と接着層との界面の粘着力を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム１の第２の蒸着層の表面に塗布液２を塗布し、９０℃にて４分間乾燥し、厚さ５μｍの機能層を形成し、機能性フィルム２を得た。
　両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム１の第２の蒸着層の表面に塗布液３を塗布し、９５℃にて３分間乾燥し、厚さ５μｍの機能層を形成し、機能性フィルム３を得た。
　機能性フィルム１～３について、第２の蒸着層に対する機能層の付着性を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例２）
　ＰＥＴフィルムの両面にＳｉＯ２（等電点：２．２）を真空蒸着し、厚さ２ｎｍの第１の蒸着層及び第２の蒸着層を形成し、両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム２を得た。
　両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム２を用いた以外は、例１と同様にして機能性フィルム１～３及び積層体１～４を得て、評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例３）
　例１と同様にして機能性フィルム１を得た。機能性フィルム１の機能層の表面にＣｕＯ（等電点：９．５）を真空蒸着し、厚さ２ｎｍの第３の蒸着層を形成し、両面蒸着機能性フィルム３を得た。
　両面蒸着機能性フィルム３、中間膜１、ガラス板をこの順に、かつ両面蒸着機能性フィルム３の第３の蒸着層と中間膜１とが重なるように積層し、真空バッグに入れ、真空引きしながら熱風炉内で１００℃、０．０１５ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］で３０分間加熱して予備接着した。予備接着された積層体をオートクレーブに移し、１３０℃、１．０ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］で６０分間加熱して本接着し、積層体１を得た。
　中間膜１の代わりに中間膜２～４を用いた以外は同様にして積層体２～４を得た。
　積層体１～４について、第３の蒸着層と接着層との界面の粘着力を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　両面蒸着機能性フィルムの第３の蒸着層の表面に塗布液１を塗布し、９０℃にて４分間乾燥し、１０００ｍＪの紫外線を照射し、厚さ１０μｍの機能層を形成し、塗膜付き機能性フィルム１を得た。
　両面蒸着機能性フィルムの第３の蒸着層の表面に塗布液２を塗布し、９０℃にて４分間乾燥し、厚さ５μｍの機能層を形成し、塗膜付き機能性フィルム２を得た。
　両面蒸着機能性フィルムの第３の蒸着層の表面に塗布液３を塗布し、９５℃にて３分間乾燥し、厚さ５μｍの機能層を形成し、塗膜付き機能性フィルム３を得た。
　塗膜付き機能性フィルム１～３について、第３の蒸着層に対する塗膜の付着性を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例４）
　例１と同様にして機能性フィルム２を得た。機能性フィルム２の機能層の表面にＮｉＯ（等電点：１０．３）を真空蒸着し、厚さ２ｎｍの第３の蒸着層を形成し、両面蒸着機能性フィルム４を得た。
　両面蒸着機能性フィルム４を用いた以外は、例３と同様にして塗膜付き機能性フィルム１～３及び積層体１～４を得て、評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例５）
　例１と同様にして機能性フィルム３を得た。機能性フィルム３の機能層の表面にＡｌ２Ｏ３（等電点：９．１）を真空蒸着し、厚さ２ｎｍの第３の蒸着層を形成し、両面蒸着機能性フィルム５を得た。
　両面蒸着機能性フィルム５を用いた以外は、例３と同様にして塗膜付き機能性フィルム１～３及び積層体１～４を得て、評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例６）
　ＰＥＴフィルムの両面にＣｒ２Ｏ３（等電点：６．５）を真空蒸着し、厚さ２ｎｍの第１の蒸着層及び第２の蒸着層を形成し、両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム６を得た。
　両面蒸着ＰＥＴフィルム６を用いた以外は、例１と同様にして機能性フィルム１～３及び積層体１～４を得て、評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例７）
　ＰＥＴフィルムの両面に第１の蒸着層及び第２の蒸着層を形成しない以外は、例１と同様にして機能性フィルム１～３及び積層体１～４を得た。
　積層体１～４について、ＰＥＴフィルムと接着層との界面の粘着力を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　機能性フィルム１～３について、ＰＥＴフィルムに対する機能層の付着性を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例８）
　例７と同様にして機能性フィルム１を得た。
　機能性フィルム１、中間膜１、ガラス板をこの順に、かつ機能性フィルム１の機能層と中間膜１とが重なるように積層し、真空バッグに入れ、真空引きしながら熱風炉内で１００℃、０．０１５ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］で３０分間加熱して予備接着した。予備接着された積層体をオートクレーブに移し、１３０℃、１．０ＭＰａ［ａｂｓ］で６０分間加熱して本接着し、積層体１を得た。
　中間膜１の代わりに中間膜２～４を用いた以外は同様にして積層体２～４を得た。
　積層体１～４について、機能層と接着層との界面の粘着力を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例９）
　例７と同様にして機能性フィルム２を得た。
　機能性フィルム２を用いた以外は、例８と同様にして積層体１～４を得た。
　積層体１～４について、機能層と接着層との界面の粘着力を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
　（例１０）
　例７と同様にして機能性フィルム３を得た。
　機能性フィルム３を用いた以外は、例８と同様にして積層体１～４を得た。
　積層体１～４について、機能層と接着層との界面の粘着力を評価した。結果を表１に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　本発明の機能性合わせガラスは、例えば、透明スクリーン、熱線反射合わせガラス、意匠性合わせガラスとして有用である。
　なお、２０１８年１２月２６日に出願された日本特許出願２０１８－２４３６５５号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
　１０　透過型映像表示用フィルム、１１　透明フィルム、１２　光散乱層、１３　第１の蒸着層、１４　第２の蒸着層、１５　第３の蒸着層、１６　透明樹脂、１７　光散乱材料、２０、２０Ａ　反射型映像表示用フィルム、２１　透明フィルム、２２　光散乱層、２３　第１の蒸着層、２４　第２の蒸着層、２５　第３の蒸着層、２６　第１の透明樹脂層、２６ａ　未硬化膜、２７　反射膜、２８　密着層、２９　第２の透明樹脂層、２９ａ　未硬化膜、３０　熱線反射フィルム、３１　透明フィルム、３２　熱線反射層、３３　第１の蒸着層、３４　第２の蒸着層、３５　第３の蒸着層、３６　高屈折率層、３７　低屈折率層、４０　意匠性フィルム、４１　透明フィルム、４２　印刷層、４３　第１の蒸着層、４４　第２の蒸着層、４５　第３の蒸着層、５０　透過型透明スクリーン、５２　第１の透明基材、５４　第２の透明基材、５６　第１の接着層、５８　第２の接着層、６０、６０Ａ　反射型透明スクリーン、６２　第１の透明基材、６４　第２の透明基材、６６　第１の接着層、６８　第２の接着層、７０　熱線反射合わせガラス、７２　第１の透明基材、７４　第２の透明基材、７６　第１の接着層、７８　第２の接着層、８０　意匠性合わせガラス、８２　第１の透明基材、８４　第２の透明基材、８６　第１の接着層、８８　第２の接着層、１００　投影機、Ｆ　離型フィルム、Ｌ　映像光、Ｍ　モールド、Ｓ１　第１の面、Ｓ２　第２の面、Ｘ　観察者。

Claims (9)

  1. 　有機材料を含む機能層を１層以上有する機能性フィルムであり、
    　前記機能性フィルムの最表面、及び基材フィルムと前記機能層との間のいずれか一方又は両方に、流動電位法で測定される等電点が６以下又は７．４以上である無機酸化物の蒸着層を有する、機能性フィルム。
  2. 　前記機能性フィルムの最表面、及び前記基材フィルムと前記機能層との間の両方に、前記蒸着層を有する、請求項１に記載の機能性フィルム。
  3. 　前記蒸着層の厚さが、１００ｎｍ以下である、請求項１又は２に記載の機能性フィルム。
  4. 　前記蒸着層が、単層である、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の機能性フィルム。
  5. 　前記無機酸化物が、α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３、γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣｕＯ、ＮｉＯ、ＳｉＯ２及びＴｉＯ２からなる群より選ばれる１種以上である、請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の機能性フィルム。
  6. 　前記機能層が、映像表示層、熱線反射層、意匠層、保護層、紫外線吸収層、調光層及び高分子分散型液晶層からなる群より選ばれる１種以上である、請求項１～５のいずれか一項に記載の機能性フィルム。
  7. 　第１の透明基材、第１の接着層、請求項１～６のいずれか一項に記載の機能性フィルム、第２の接着層、及び第２の透明基材がこの順に積層された、機能性合わせガラス。
  8. 　前記第１の接着層及び前記第２の接着層が、ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体、アイオノマー及びシクロオレフィンポリマーからなる群より選ばれる１種以上である、請求項７に記載の機能性合わせガラス。
  9. 　前記蒸着層と、前記第１の接着層及び前記第２の接着層との界面の、ＪＩＳ　Ａ　５７５９（２０１６）に準拠して求めた粘着力が４Ｎ／２５ｍｍ以上である、請求項７又は８に記載の機能性合わせガラス。
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