WO2020126273A1 - Actionneur thermique pour une vanne, vanne avec un tel actionneur et utilisation d'un actionneur thermique dans une vanne - Google Patents

Actionneur thermique pour une vanne, vanne avec un tel actionneur et utilisation d'un actionneur thermique dans une vanne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020126273A1
WO2020126273A1 PCT/EP2019/081994 EP2019081994W WO2020126273A1 WO 2020126273 A1 WO2020126273 A1 WO 2020126273A1 EP 2019081994 W EP2019081994 W EP 2019081994W WO 2020126273 A1 WO2020126273 A1 WO 2020126273A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuator
actuator according
valve
temperature
thermal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/081994
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bjarne Frederiksen
Original Assignee
Danfoss A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danfoss A/S filed Critical Danfoss A/S
Priority to EP19806223.4A priority Critical patent/EP3899311A1/fr
Priority to CN201980084409.7A priority patent/CN113195927B/zh
Publication of WO2020126273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020126273A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/002—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/04—Wound springs
    • F16F1/041—Wound springs with means for modifying the spring characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/18—Leaf springs
    • F16F1/185—Leaf springs characterised by shape or design of individual leaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/025—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic actuated by thermo-electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • G05D23/02—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature
    • G05D23/021—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature the sensing element being a non-metallic solid, e.g. elastomer, paste
    • G05D23/023—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature the sensing element being a non-metallic solid, e.g. elastomer, paste the sensing element being placed outside a regulating fluid flow

Definitions

  • Thermal actuator for a valve valve with such an actuator and use of a thermal actuator in a valve
  • the invention relates to a thermal actuator for a temperature-dependent movement of a valve element, wherein a length of the thermal actuator changes depending on a temperature.
  • Fur thermore the invention relates to a valve with such a thermal actuator and the use of a thermal actuator for a temperature-dependent adjustment of a valve element.
  • a thermal actuator for posi tioning a valve element.
  • a temperature such as a water temperature or a room air temperature
  • a fluid flow through the valve is regulated.
  • the thermal actuator is designed, for example, in the form of a bellow element having a filling that expands when the temperature increases, so that the size of the bellow element increases in the longitudinal direction. This results in a movement of a valve element, which results in a re duction or increase of the flow through the valve.
  • thermal actuator that has a variable geometry and is easy to manufacture. Further, the required installation space should be small and the production costs should be low. According to the invention this object is achieved by a thermal actuator having the features of claim 1 , a valve according to claim 16 and the use of such a thermal actuator according to claim 21.
  • Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
  • the actuator is made by an additive method using a temperature dependent material having an essential change in length due to a temperature change.
  • the actuator By means of an additive method, a high variety of shapes of the actuator can be realized. Due to the temperature dependent material, no additional elements are needed to cause a length change depending on a temperature change. Therefore the actuator is easy to manufacture and can be in a small size.
  • the actuator is made by at least two different materials, wherein a first material has an essential change in length over a first temperature range and a second material has an essential change in length over a second temperature range.
  • a first material has an essential change in length over a first temperature range
  • a second material has an essential change in length over a second temperature range.
  • the first temperature range extends between 15 and 25°C, in par ticular between 18°C and 22°C, wherein the second temperature range extends between 15°C and 25°C, in particular between 28°C and 32°C.
  • the entire temperature range corre sponding to a room air temperature usually desired in houses is covered. Overall, a relatively large coverage and a fine resolution is obtained.
  • the actuator includes a third material in which zones of the first and second materi als are embedded.
  • This third material may then have other desired properties, for example providing enough stability to form the actual shape of the actuator in which the other materials are embedded.
  • the third material may in particular be less expensive than the first and second materials. More than three different materials are possible as well.
  • the actuator has at least one mesh, which has an upper longitudinal bar and a lower longitudinal bar in particular parallel thereto, wherein the longitudinal bars are connected at their ends by cross ridges, wherein a free space is formed between the upper lon gitudinal bar and the lower longitudinal bar.
  • the longitudinal bars allow a simple deformability of the actuator, wherein the first and second material form part in the longitudinal bars.
  • the free space allows material and weight savings. Further it provides also a high degree of flexibility and therewith a big change in length of the actuator.
  • the cross ridges can then be made with a higher stiffness.
  • the enlargement of the longitudinal bars due to a rising temperature causes that they bend away from each other, so that the actuator enlarges in the cross direction. Hav ing several meshes in the cross direction one above the other results in a relatively large expan sion and, by means of a plurality of meshes in the longitudinal direction, a relatively high actuat ing force.
  • each case at least two longitudinally extending layers are formed in the longitudinal bars, wherein the layers are spaced apart from each other in the cross direction. Zones of the first material and the second material are formed alternately in each layer.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to define the deformation of the longitudinal bars due to temperature changes.
  • a middle zone of the layer in longitudinal bar which is positioned close by the free space, is formed by the second material and that in this layer the outer zones are formed by the first material respectively.
  • a middle zone is formed by the first material and the outer zones are formed by the sec ond material.
  • the actuator has a plurality of meshes arranged in a grid, wherein meshes adjacent in the cross direction are offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direc tion by a half of a mesh width.
  • the actuator has a large number of meshes, the change in length of which sum up, so that overall a relatively large movement and force can be generated.
  • a relatively high density is achieved by the staggered arrangement of the meshes, wherein the upper longitudinal bars of each lower mesh simultaneously form the lower longitudi nal bars of the respective upper mesh. This results in a good material and space utilization.
  • the grid of meshes forms a material web, which is arranged in particular cylindrically or in the shape of a spiral.
  • the actuator may be formed in a compact size and may generate a relatively big change in length.
  • a relatively long mate rial web which means a large actuator, can be accommodated in a small room.
  • the actuator has a helical spring geometry.
  • the actuator may have a certain inherent elasticity, which means a spring rate, wherein the spring rate is influenced by the temperature-dependent change of the materials. Further, the length of the spring may be changed because of temperature changes and/or the free spaces between the spring coils may be influenced. Overall, a helical spring geometry provides many possibilities.
  • the actuator comprises a heating device.
  • the change in length of the actuator can be controlled, independent of the ambient temperature. Normally this will be controlled by a voltage supplied to the heating device, which then heats causing the ac tuator to expand.
  • the heating device may be embedded in the thermal actuator, wherein the heater is formed in particular as a heating wire.
  • the heating device can be integrated while manufactur ing the actuator by means of the additive method.
  • the subsequent assembly of the actuator is very simple. This also ensures that the heat can act directly on the materials and is thus used very effectively.
  • the heating device is protected against mechanical influences.
  • the heating device in particular the heating wire, is manufactured by means of the additive manufacturing method.
  • the heating device can be integrated directly when making the actuator itself.
  • the actuator has an integrated electronic circuit. This can be imple mented into the actuator during the additive manufacturing process.
  • different and/or a plurality of electronic circuits are can be integrated, for example an electronic circuit providing wireless communication or a sensor that registers a change in length of the actuator. This change in length can then be transmitted wirelessly to a temperature control system or the like.
  • the actuator is therewith equipped with additional features.
  • the actuator has multiple layers of different materials that react dif ferently to environmental influences.
  • reactions to other environmental influences such as, for example, the humidity can also be used.
  • materials with different reaction characteristics can be combined.
  • At least one of the materials is bistable.
  • a bistable material assumes a particular shape in a first state and a different shape in a second state, wherein the respective state is, for example, depending on a temperature.
  • a switchable actuator can be provided in combination with a heating device.
  • an energy converter may be integrated in the actuator, which converts a move ment of the actuator into electrical energy.
  • the electrical energy thus obtained can be used for example for the supply of the electronic circuit, so that no additional energy source must be pro vided.
  • Piezoelectric elements can be used as an energy converter, for example. Such an actua tor might work self-sufficient.
  • a valve with a thermal actuator as described above, wherein the actuator is connected to anelement of the valve and acts in the closing di rection and/or opening direction of the valve.
  • the element can be a valve element interacting with a valve seat.
  • the element can be any other element which is directly or indi rectly connectet to the valve element.
  • the change in length of the actuator is thus converted directly or indirectly into a movement of the element.
  • This allows, for example, an au tomatic temperature control in a heating circuit by regulating the free flow cross-section in the valve.
  • a spring element can act on the valve element in a direction opposite to the actuator.
  • the valve comprises a thermostatic device in which the actuator is arranged.
  • the actuator is thus hardly affected by the temperature of a medium conducted through the valve, such as heating water. Rather, the actuator is activated more or less by the surrounding air temperature only.
  • the actuator is connected via a spring element with the element.
  • the spring absorbs overloads, which may result in damages to the valve, because the spring element can absorb peaks of the actuating forces.
  • a spring is an overpressure spring that if the temperature gets to high and there is a risk that something within the valve will break, the over pressure spring will be actuated and prevent damages,
  • the actuator is arranged within a valve housing like a pipe coupling.
  • the actuator is then controlled by the temperature of the medium flowing through the valve housing and regulates this temperature.
  • an actuator within a valve housing and an additional actuator in the valve cap wherein the actuator within the valve housing counteracts an influence of the temperature of the medium.
  • the actuator arranged in the valve cap is activated by the ambient temperature. This results in a more accurate control based on the ambient temperature.
  • Part of the invention is also the use of a thermal actuator, as described above, for the tempera ture-dependent adjustment of a element.
  • a thermal actuator as described above, for the tempera ture-dependent adjustment of a element.
  • the inventive thermal element replaces the com monly used bellow elements or waxes that require a relatively large amount of space.
  • such a thermal actuator may be lighter in weight and manufactured in a variety of geometries.
  • the actuator can provide additional functions.
  • Fig. 1 a a thermal actuator with multiple meshes in an expanded state
  • Fig. 1 b the actuator of Fig. 1 a in a contracted state
  • Fig. 2 a schematic section through a mesh
  • Fig. 6 a screw spring-shaped actuator.
  • Figure 1 shows a thermal actuator 1 produced with an additive manufacturing process like 3D printing, which comprises several meshes 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
  • the meshes are arranged in a shape of a grid or net.
  • the actuator 1 takes more or less the form of a material web.
  • the mesh 2 comprises an upper longitudinal bar 3 and a lower longitudinal bar 4, which are connected to each other via cross ridges 5, 6.
  • adjacent meshes are positioned offset by half a mesh width wherein the upper longitudinal bar at the same time represent the lower longitudinal bar of the meshes positioned below.
  • the actuator 1 has nine rows of meshes. However, the number of rows is more or less variable and depends on the respective needs.
  • the actuator 1 is shown in a state in which the longitudinal bars 3, 4 are extended: This means that the thermal actuator 1 is relatively warm.
  • the longitudinal bars 3, 4 are out wardly arched due to the expansion and thus provide for a relatively large free space of the mesh 7.
  • the actuator 1 has thereby increased its length in the cross direction 8.
  • the thermal actuator 1 is shown at a lower ambient temperature.
  • the longitudinal bars 3, 4 have contracted and the actuator 1 comprises a small extension in the cross direction 8.
  • the difference in the extension in the cross direction 8 illustrates a possible travel of the actu ator 1 which can be used for actuating movement of a valve element.
  • Figure 2 shows the basic structure of a mesh of the thermal actuator 1.
  • the ac tuator 1 is made of three materials by means of an additive manufacturing process like 3D print ing.
  • the first material 9 has a significant change in length over a first temperature range be tween 18-22 ° C for example.
  • the second material 10 has a significant change in length over a second temperature range that might be, for example, 28-32 ° C.
  • the third material 1 1 which gives the actuator 1 its essential shape, has no significant temperature-induced change in length.
  • the longitudinal bars 3, 4 and the cross rids 5, 6 are formed mainly of the third ma terial, in which the first material 9 and the second material 10 are embedded.
  • each longitudinal bar 3 4 are two layers 12a, 12b, 15a, 15b comprising the first material 9 and the second material 10.
  • the first material 9 and the second material 10 are arranged alter nately.
  • a middle zone 13a, 13b is formed by the first material 9, while the outer zones 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d are formed by the second material 10.
  • the arrangement is inverse.
  • the re spective middle zone 16a, 16 b comprises the first material 9, while the outer zones 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d are formed by the second material 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the actuator 1 made of band-shaped material that is arranged in the form of a spiral. This allows the installation of an actuator having a relatively large length in a small space. Thus, the actuator can provide a large displacement and high actuating forces.
  • FIG 4 shows a thermostatic device 18 of a valve having the actuator 1 arranged inside of a .
  • the thermostatic device 18 comprises a rotary handle 19. With such a handle, a desired temper ature can be adjusted.
  • the valve is preferably used for a temperature con trol of a radiator.
  • the actuator 1 acts via a rod 20 and a spring element 21 on an element 22 which might be con nected to a valve element (not shown) interacting with a valve seat. Thereweith the position of the element 22 controls a free flow cross-section of the valve. If the ambient temperature in creases, the thermal actuator 1 expands, thereby pushing the element 22 inwardly, This move ment is transferred to a valve element (not shown) which results in a reduction of a free flow cross-section. If the ambient temperature decreases, the actuator 1 contracts again and pulls the element 22 in a direction away from the valve. Thus, the free flow cross section increases. This results in an automatic regulation of the flow through the valve as a function of the ambient temperature.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the valve 24 in which the thermal actuator 1 is part of the ele ment 22.
  • the element 22 forms a valve element interacting with a valve seat of the valve 24.
  • the structure of the valve 18 is further simplified. This makes it possible to realize a very com pact valve.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the actuator 1 , which has the form of a helical spring.
  • the length of this spring changes depending on the ambient temperature because of a correspond ing length change of the first and second material. This can be used for a controlled movement of a valve element.
  • the invention is not limited to one of the above-described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways.
  • other materials can be used in order to consider a bigger temperature range or other environmental influences.
  • other geometry are conceivable, for example, a stacked actuator, in which each element of the stack has its own function, or other arrangements.
  • the use of a thermal actuator manufactured by means of the additive method like 3D printing with at least two materials having a substantial length change over different temperature ranges simplifies the manufacture of valves, in partic ular of valves used in heating systems of building.
  • a variety of new design possibilities be ing opened because the shape of the actuator is not fixed.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actionneur thermique (1, 1') pour un mouvement dépendant de la température d'un élément (22) d'une vanne, dans lequel actionneur un changement de longueur de l'actionneur thermique (1, 1') dépend d'une température environnante. L'invention concerne également une vanne avec un tel actionneur et l'utilisation d'une telle vanne pour commander un écoulement de fluide. Il est envisagé que l'actionneur (1, 1') est réalisé en un matériau dépendant de la température à l'aide d'un procédé de fabrication additive.
PCT/EP2019/081994 2018-12-20 2019-11-20 Actionneur thermique pour une vanne, vanne avec un tel actionneur et utilisation d'un actionneur thermique dans une vanne WO2020126273A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19806223.4A EP3899311A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-11-20 Actionneur thermique pour une vanne, vanne avec un tel actionneur et utilisation d'un actionneur thermique dans une vanne
CN201980084409.7A CN113195927B (zh) 2018-12-20 2019-11-20 用于阀的热致动器、具有这种致动器的阀、以及热致动器在阀中的用途

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018133139.8A DE102018133139A1 (de) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Thermischer Aktuator für ein Ventil, Ventil mit einem derartigen Aktuator und Verwendung eines thermischen Aktuators mit einem Ventil
DE102018133139.8 2018-12-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020126273A1 true WO2020126273A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2019/081994 WO2020126273A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-11-20 Actionneur thermique pour une vanne, vanne avec un tel actionneur et utilisation d'un actionneur thermique dans une vanne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3899311A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113195927B (fr)
DE (1) DE102018133139A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020126273A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113195927A (zh) 2021-07-30
CN113195927B (zh) 2022-08-23
DE102018133139A1 (de) 2020-06-25
EP3899311A1 (fr) 2021-10-27

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