WO2020070912A1 - 気液混合ノズル - Google Patents
気液混合ノズルInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020070912A1 WO2020070912A1 PCT/JP2019/015024 JP2019015024W WO2020070912A1 WO 2020070912 A1 WO2020070912 A1 WO 2020070912A1 JP 2019015024 W JP2019015024 W JP 2019015024W WO 2020070912 A1 WO2020070912 A1 WO 2020070912A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- inner diameter
- throat
- inlet
- mixing nozzle
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a gas-liquid mixing nozzle.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for dissolving a gas in a liquid, a gas dissolution promoting method of mixing gas and liquid in a pressurized container to dissolve the gas is known as described in Patent Document 1. Further, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, a method of generating fine bubbles has been proposed as a new gas dissolution promoting method. On the other hand, as described in Patent Documents 2 to 5, nozzles for generating fine bubbles have been developed. These nozzles are used, for example, in water treatment devices and chemical reactors.
- a microbubble generation nozzle includes an inflow portion that forms an inlet side of a flow path, a discharge portion that forms an outlet side of a flow path, and a flow path between the inflow portion and the discharge portion.
- An air bubble generation unit provided.
- the cross-sectional area of the bubble generation section is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the inflow section and the cross-sectional area of the discharge section. That is, the bubble generation unit has the smallest cross-sectional area in the flow path of the fine bubble generation nozzle.
- the microbubble generation nozzle described in Patent Document 3 also includes a throat portion formed between the tapered portion and the enlarged portion and having the smallest cross-sectional area.
- the microbubble generator described in Patent Document 4 is also formed between the large-diameter portion and the conical flow path, and has a small pipe having a diameter relatively smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter flow path. It has a diameter part.
- the above-mentioned conventional nozzle has been developed for the purpose of promoting gas dissolution by generating fine bubbles.
- the conventional nozzle focuses on the generation of fine bubbles and cannot be said to be optimized with respect to gas dissolution, and there is room for improvement with respect to gas dissolution.
- a gas-liquid mixing nozzle capable of increasing the amount of dissolved gas with lower power is required.
- This disclosure describes a gas-liquid mixing nozzle that can increase the amount of dissolved gas with the same pump power.
- an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a throat portion disposed between the inlet portion and the outlet portion are formed along a central axis, respectively, and the inlet portion, the throat portion, and the outlet portion are formed.
- a gas-liquid mixing nozzle that is connected to form a gas and liquid flow path is an inlet portion into which gas and liquid flow, has a predetermined first inner diameter, and has an inner diameter of the flow path larger than the first inner diameter.
- An inlet portion including an annular reduced end surface to be reduced; a tubular throat portion connected downstream of the reduced end surface and having a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter and having a length in the direction of the central axis; An outlet having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter, the outlet having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter.
- the angle formed is 180 degrees, and the angle to the second inner diameter of the throat The ratio of the length is 15 or more.
- the amount of dissolved gas can be increased with the same pump power.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view including a central axis of a gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to a modified embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an apparatus used for a measurement test of the overall oxygen transfer capacity coefficient.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pump power and the overall oxygen transfer capacity coefficient in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views including the central axis of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively.
- an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a throat portion disposed between the inlet portion and the outlet portion are formed along a central axis, respectively, and the inlet portion, the throat portion, and the outlet portion are formed.
- a gas-liquid mixing nozzle that is connected to form a gas and liquid flow path is an inlet portion into which gas and liquid flow, has a predetermined first inner diameter, and has an inner diameter of the flow path larger than the first inner diameter.
- An inlet portion including an annular reduced end surface to be reduced; a tubular throat portion connected downstream of the reduced end surface and having a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter and having a length in the direction of the central axis; An outlet having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter, the outlet having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter.
- the angle formed is 180 degrees, and the angle to the second inner diameter of the throat The ratio of the length is 15 or more.
- gas and liquid flow into the inlet and then into the tubular throat.
- the inner diameter of the flow path is reduced by the annular reduced end face.
- the angle between the reduced end faces is 180 degrees.
- the throat having a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter of the inlet has a length that is at least 15 times the second inner diameter. According to the inlet and the throat having such a configuration, the amount of dissolved gas can be further increased with the same pump power.
- the liquid containing the dissolved gas passes through an outlet having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter, and is supplied to a pipe or a reactor connected to the outlet.
- the ratio of the length of the throat to the second inner diameter is 30 or less. According to this configuration, the amount of dissolved gas can be further increased with the same pump power. Therefore, the total energy efficiency is excellent.
- the ratio of the second inner diameter of the throat to the first inner diameter of the inlet is no less than 0.12 and no more than 0.37. According to this configuration, the gas can be suitably dissolved in the throat.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle includes a chamfer formed at a corner between the inlet and the throat.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is used for, for example, a water treatment device or a chemical reactor.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is a pipe connected to a water tank or a reactor, and may be incorporated in a pipe that supplies gas and liquid. That is, the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is, for example, an in-line type nozzle for dissolving a gas into a liquid.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be provided between the pipe and the water tank or the reactor, and may directly contact the liquid in the water tank or the reactor.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be a nozzle for directly blowing a liquid in which a gas is dissolved into a liquid in a water tank or a reactor.
- the liquid to which the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is applied is, for example, water.
- Water is a concept that includes, for example, wastewater (wastewater) or sewage treated by a water treatment device.
- the liquid to which the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is applied may be a liquid other than water.
- the gas dissolved in the liquid by the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is, for example, oxygen (air).
- the gas dissolved in the liquid by the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be a gas other than oxygen (air).
- the gas dissolved in the liquid by the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be, for example, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, helium gas, argon gas, hydrogen gas, ozone gas, ammonia gas, or the like.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 includes a main body 20 having a flow path formed therein.
- the main body 20 is made of a material having corrosion resistance and heat resistance to a liquid and a gas with which the main body 20 contacts.
- the main body 20 may be made of resin or metal.
- the main body 20 may have an integrally molded structure, or may have a structure in which each part described later is separately molded and then joined to each other.
- the main body 20 can be manufactured by a known method.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 has an inlet connection portion 14 connected to an upstream pipe or the like, a cylindrical inlet portion 11 formed continuously with the inlet connection portion 14, and a continuously formed inlet portion 11.
- a cylindrical throat portion 12 formed and a cylindrical outlet portion 13 formed continuously with the throat portion 12 are provided.
- the inlet connection part 14, the inlet part 11, the throat part 12, and the outlet part 13 are respectively formed along the central axis L inside the main body 20.
- the inlet connection portion 14, the inlet portion 11, the throat portion 12, and the outlet portion 13 are formed so as to be coaxial with respect to the central axis L, for example.
- the inlet connection part 14, the inlet part 11, the throat part 12, and the outlet part 13 are connected to form a gas and liquid flow path.
- the inlet connection part 14 is located at the end of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 on the inlet side.
- a female screw is formed on the inner surface of the inlet connection portion 14. Piping is connected to the inlet connection part 14.
- the inner diameter of the inlet connection part 14 is, for example, substantially equal to the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet part 11.
- the inlet connection portion 14 has a fourth length L4 in the direction of the central axis L.
- the inlet connection part 14 may be omitted.
- the inlet 11 is located at the inlet-side end of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10.
- an external thread may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inlet connection portion 14.
- the liquid flowing into the inlet 11 is supplied to the inlet 11 by, for example, a pump provided upstream of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10.
- the gas flowing into the inlet 11 is supplied by a blower or the like into a pipe connected to the inlet connector 14 on the upstream side of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 (see a test apparatus shown in FIG. 3).
- the gas flowing into the inlet 11 may be self-supplied by an ejector or the like.
- the inlet 11 has a predetermined first inner diameter ⁇ 1.
- the inlet 11 has a first length L1 in the direction of the central axis L.
- the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 and the first length L1 may be determined by the flow rate of the liquid flowing in the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10, the supply amount of the gas, and the like.
- the inlet 11 includes an annular reduced end face 11b for reducing the inner diameter of the flow path.
- the reduced end face 11 b is located at the downstream end of the entrance 11.
- the reduced end face 11b is parallel to a plane orthogonal to the central axis L. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, in the cross section including the central axis L, the angle ⁇ formed by the reduced end face 11b is 180 degrees.
- the reduced end surface 11 b is a wall surface that connects the cylindrical portion of the entrance 11 with the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 and the entrance end of the throat 12.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 of the present embodiment has the same shape as a solid body obtained by rotating the cross section shown in FIG. 1 around the central axis L by 360 degrees.
- the throat 12 is disposed between the inlet 11 and the outlet 13.
- the throat portion 12 is the narrowest (small diameter) channel among the channels formed in the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10.
- the throat portion 12 is the longest flow path in the direction of the central axis L among the flow paths formed in the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10.
- the throat part 12 is connected to the downstream side of the reduced end face 11b of the entrance part 11.
- the throat portion 12 has, for example, a constant second inner diameter ⁇ 2.
- the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat part 12 is smaller than the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet part 11.
- the ratio of the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet portion 11 is preferably 0.12 or more and 0.37 or less.
- the ratio of the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet portion 11 is more preferably 0.15 or more and less than 0.2.
- the ratio of the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat 12 to the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet 11 may be less than 0.15, or may be 0.2 or more.
- the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet portion 11 is the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion when the inlet portion 11 includes a cylindrical portion and another portion (for example, a tapered portion as a kind of a reduced end surface).
- the throat portion 12 has a second length L2 in the direction of the central axis L.
- the second length L2 is set from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid (solubility). In particular, the second length L2 is determined based on the inner diameter of the throat portion 12.
- the throat portion 12 is a circular tube having a constant inner diameter
- the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat portion 12 is used as it is.
- the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 is a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area. It can be calculated as a diameter.
- the inner diameter of the throat 12 is calculated as the diameter of a cylinder having the second length L2 and having the same volume as the entire volume of the throat 12. Can be done.
- the outlet 13 is located at the end of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 on the outlet side.
- the outlet part 13 includes an annular enlarged end face 13b connected to the downstream side of the throat part 12 to increase the inner diameter of the flow path.
- the enlarged end face 13b is parallel to a plane orthogonal to the central axis L. That is, in the section including the central axis L, the angle ⁇ formed by the enlarged end surface 13b is 180 degrees.
- the outlet portion 13 is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the enlarged end surface 13b and includes a cylindrical portion having a predetermined third inner diameter ⁇ 3.
- the third inner diameter ⁇ 3 of the outlet portion 13 is larger than the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat portion 12.
- the enlarged end surface 13b is a wall surface that connects the outlet end of the throat portion 12 and the cylindrical portion of the outlet portion 13 having the third inner diameter ⁇ 3.
- the outlet 13 has a third length L3 in the direction of the central axis L.
- a female screw is formed on the inner surface of the outlet portion 13, for example.
- a pipe may be connected to the outlet 13.
- the outlet 13 does not have to be formed with a female screw.
- a male screw may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outlet 13.
- the ratio of the second length L2 of the throat 12 to the inner diameter of the throat 12 (the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 in the present embodiment) is 15 or more.
- the ratio of the second length L2 of the throat 12 to the inner diameter of the throat 12 is preferably 30 or less.
- the ratio of the second length L2 of the throat portion 12 to the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 is more preferably 25 or less, and even more preferably 20 or less.
- the ratio of the second length L2 of the throat 12 to the inner diameter of the throat 12 may be greater than 30 or greater than 40.
- gas and liquid flow into the inlet 11 and then into the tubular throat 12.
- the inner diameter of the channel is reduced by the annular reduced end surface 11b.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the reduced end surface 11b is 180 degrees.
- the throat portion 12 having a second inner diameter ⁇ 2 smaller than the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet portion 11 has a second length L2 which is 15 times or more the second inner diameter ⁇ 2. According to the inlet portion 11 and the throat portion 12 having such a configuration, the amount of dissolved gas can be further increased with the same pump power.
- the liquid containing the dissolved gas passes through the outlet 13 having the third inner diameter ⁇ 3 larger than the second inner diameter ⁇ 2, and is supplied to a pipe or a reactor connected to the outlet 13.
- generating microbubbles means that a gas that could not be dissolved in the liquid remains as microbubbles.
- conventional nozzles cannot be said to be optimized with respect to gas dissolution, leaving room for improvement.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 of the present embodiment the gas can be efficiently dissolved.
- the gas can be dissolved more efficiently when the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is passed through the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 with the same amount of water / gas as compared with the conventional method. More specifically, the amount of dissolved gas can be increased both when the same pressure (pump power) is applied (see FIG. 4) and when the gas flows at the same flow rate.
- an appropriate pressure can be determined from the solubility and dissolution rate of the gas to be mixed in the liquid.
- the pressure can be determined to be about 0.1 MPa for a gas which is easily dissolved, about 0.3 MPa for a gas which is hardly dissolved, and the like.
- the thickness of the throat 12 is determined by Bernoulli's formula (Bernoulli's theorem). It is preferable that the length of the throat portion 12 is longer because the gas-liquid reaction time becomes longer.
- the ratio of the second length L2 to the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat portion 12 is 30 or less. According to this configuration, it is possible to further increase the required energy (such as the power of the pump) while increasing the amount of dissolved gas with the same pump power. Therefore, the total energy efficiency is excellent.
- the ratio of the second inner diameter ⁇ 2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter ⁇ 1 of the inlet portion 11 is 0.15 or more and less than 0.2. According to this configuration, the gas can be suitably dissolved in the throat 12.
- the effect of the angle of the inlet portion 11 (the angle formed by the reduced end face 11b) on the dissolution efficiency was not or little different between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. In that case, it is considered that the smaller the angle of the inlet 11 is, the smaller the energy loss is.
- the angle of the inlet 11 is small and the inner diameter is the same, it is considered that the loss increases as the length of the inclined portion increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, energy loss can be suppressed by providing a configuration including a chamfered portion 16 formed at a corner between the inlet portion 11 and the throat portion 12.
- the chamfer 16 is formed, for example, over the entire circumference of the annular corner.
- the chamfered portion 16 may be round or angular.
- the radius of curvature R of the chamfered portion 16 is represented by, for example, the following equation (1).
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 corresponds to the radial length of the reduced end surface 11b.
- the test apparatus 100 has a water tank 101 for storing water W, an inflow pipe 102 and a return pipe 104 connected to the water tank 101, and a pump 103 provided therebetween.
- the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 according to the example (or the gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to the comparative example) is incorporated in the inflow pipe 102.
- the inflow pipe 102 is provided with a pressure gauge 106 between the gas-liquid mixing nozzle and the pump 103.
- the return pipe 104 is provided with a flow meter 107.
- the water tank 101 is provided with a DO meter 108 for measuring the dissolved oxygen (DO) of the water W in the water tank 101 and a thermometer 109 for measuring the temperature of the water W.
- DO meter 108 includes DO sensor 108a immersed in water W.
- the thermometer 109 includes a temperature sensor 109a immersed in the water W.
- the water tank 101 was installed under open air.
- the capacity of the water tank 101 was 18 L. Air was supplied from the gas inlet at a flow rate of 100 ml / min.
- the DO at the start of the measurement was 1.5 mg / L.
- the conditions for calculating the overall oxygen transfer capacity coefficient (KLa) were calculated by extracting (extracting) a DO value of 5 to 7 mg / L and using the following equation (2).
- C 1 DO concentration after t1 hour (mg / L)
- C 2 DO concentration after 2 hours t (mg / L) (Exhibition: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jriet1972/11/10/11_10_739/_pdf)
- First length L1 42.4 mm Breakdown of the first length L1: The length L1a of the cylindrical portion: 20 mm, the length L1b of the tapered portion: 22.4 mm Second length L2: 5 mm Third length L3: 20 mm First inner diameter ⁇ 1: 20 mm (inner diameter of cylindrical part) 2nd inner diameter ⁇ 2: 4mm Third inner diameter ⁇ 3: 20 mm Angle ⁇ : 40 degrees Angle ⁇ : 180 degrees
- Example 1 was tested three times, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were each tested twice.
- the test results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. FIG. 4 compares the pump power and KLa.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 4, in Example 1, a higher KLa value was obtained as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3 when compared with the same pump power.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
以下、実施例1に係る気液混合ノズル10と、比較例1~3に係る各種の気液混合ノズルとを用いて、総括酸素移動容量係数を測定する試験を行った。試験に用いた装置を図3に示す。この試験装置100は、水Wを収容する水槽101と、水槽101に接続された流入配管102および戻り配管104と、これらの間に設けられたポンプ103とを有する。流入配管102には、実施例に係る気液混合ノズル10(または比較例に係る気液混合ノズル)が組み込まれている。流入配管102には、気液混合ノズルとポンプ103との間において圧力計106が設けられる。戻り配管104には、流量計107が設けられる。水槽101には、水槽101内の水Wの溶存酸素(DO)を測定するDO計108と、水Wの温度を測定する温度計109とが設けられる。DO計108は、水Wに浸漬されたDOセンサ108aを含む。温度計109は、水Wに浸漬された温度センサ109aを含む。
C2:t2時間後のDO濃度(mg/L)
(出展:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jriet1972/11/10/11_10_739/_pdf)
<実施例1に係る気液混合ノズル10>
第4長さL4:18mm
第1長さL1:29mm
第2長さL2:60mm
第3長さL3:18mm
第1内径φ1:24mm
第2内径φ2:4mm
第3内径φ3:Rc3/4
角度α :180度
角度β :180度
<比較例1に係る気液混合ノズル10A>(図5(a)参照)
第1長さL1:20mm
第2長さL2:5mm
第3長さL3:20mm
第1内径φ1:20mm
第2内径φ2:4mm
第3内径φ3:20mm
角度α :180度
角度β :180度
第1長さL1:20mm
第2長さL2:5mm
第3長さL3:60mm(テーパ部の長さ)
第1内径φ1:20mm
第2内径φ2:4mm
第3内径φ3:20mm
角度α :180度
角度β :7.9度×2=15.8度
第1長さL1:42.4mm
第1長さL1の内訳:
円筒部の長さL1a:20mm、テーパ部の長さL1b:22.4mm
第2長さL2:5mm
第3長さL3:20mm
第1内径φ1:20mm(円筒部の内径)
第2内径φ2:4mm
第3内径φ3:20mm
角度α :40度
角度β :180度
11 入口部
11b 縮小端面
12 喉部
13 出口部
13b 拡大端面
14 入口接続部
16 面取り部
20 本体
L 中心軸線
L1 第1長さ
L2 第2長さ
L3 第3長さ
α (縮小端面の)角度
β (拡大端面の)角度
φ1 第1内径
φ2 第2内径
φ3 第3内径
Claims (4)
- 入口部と、出口部と、前記入口部および前記出口部の間に配置された喉部と、が中心軸線に沿ってそれぞれ形成され、前記入口部、前記喉部、および前記出口部が接続されて気体および液体の流路をなす気液混合ノズルであって、
前記気体および前記液体が流入する前記入口部であって、所定の第1内径を有すると共に、前記第1内径よりも前記流路の内径を縮小させる環状の縮小端面を含む前記入口部と、
前記縮小端面の下流側に接続されて、前記第1内径よりも小さい第2内径を有すると共に前記中心軸線の方向に長さを有する管状の前記喉部と、
前記喉部の下流側に接続されて前記流路の内径を拡大させる環状の拡大端面を含むと共に、前記第2内径より大きい第3内径を有する前記出口部と、を備え、
前記中心軸線を含む断面において、前記縮小端面のなす角度は180度であり、
前記喉部の前記第2内径に対する前記長さの比は、15以上である、気液混合ノズル。 - 前記喉部の前記第2内径に対する前記長さの比は、30以下である、請求項1に記載の気液混合ノズル。
- 前記入口部の前記第1内径に対する前記喉部の前記第2内径の比は、0.12以上0.37以下である、請求項1または2に記載の気液混合ノズル。
- 前記入口部と前記喉部の間の角部に形成された面取り部を備える、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の気液混合ノズル。
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JP2017023996A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-02-02 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | 気泡生成装置及び気泡生成方法 |
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