WO2020019577A1 - 电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法 - Google Patents

电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019577A1
WO2020019577A1 PCT/CN2018/114947 CN2018114947W WO2020019577A1 WO 2020019577 A1 WO2020019577 A1 WO 2020019577A1 CN 2018114947 W CN2018114947 W CN 2018114947W WO 2020019577 A1 WO2020019577 A1 WO 2020019577A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermal runaway
battery
temperature
pressure
gas channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/114947
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张亚军
王贺武
***
李伟峰
李成
李建秋
卢兰光
韩雪冰
杜玖玉
Original Assignee
清华大学
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Application filed by 清华大学 filed Critical 清华大学
Publication of WO2020019577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019577A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery safety, and more specifically, to a battery thermal runaway experimental device, system, and method.
  • the research on the thermal runaway process of batteries is mainly performed by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC), Vent Sizing Package (VSP2), Differential Scanning Calorimetry , DSC), cone calorimeter and other instruments, to simulate the thermal runaway scenario of power batteries, and to study the characteristics of power batteries in the thermal runaway process, such as heat generation, air jet, combustion and so on.
  • Accelerating Rate Calorimetry ARC
  • VSP2 Vent Sizing Package
  • DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
  • cone calorimeter cone calorimeter
  • the present application discloses a battery thermal runaway experimental device, system, and method.
  • An experimental device for thermal runaway of a battery includes:
  • a heating device arranged in the box for generating heat
  • a first gas channel which is in communication with the box for gas circulation
  • An air pump is connected to the box body through the first gas channel, and is used to fill the box body or to extract gas from the box body.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the case, the heating device, the first gas passage, and the air pump.
  • the first gas channel is in communication with the box body and is used for gas circulation.
  • the air pump is connected to the box body through the first gas channel, and is used to fill the box body with gas or extract gas from the box body.
  • the first gas passage and the air pump cooperate to complete the pressure change in the cabinet.
  • the heating device is used to heat the battery to be tested, thereby simulating the thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery at different altitudes and pressures.
  • the battery thermal runaway experimental device provided in the embodiment of the present application increases the simulation of the pressure change. Therefore, the accuracy of the actual scenario of the thermal runaway of the battery under test is improved, thereby further improving the experiment. Accuracy.
  • the experimental results of using the battery thermal runaway experimental device provided in this application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.
  • a battery thermal runaway experiment system includes:
  • a measurement device connected to the battery thermal runaway experiment device for measuring data
  • a data analysis device is connected to the measurement device, and is configured to acquire data measured by the measurement device and perform analysis processing.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the battery thermal runaway experiment device, the measurement device, and the data analysis device.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment device can improve the accuracy of simulation of the actual scenario of battery thermal runaway, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.
  • the experimental results of the battery thermal runaway experiment system provided in the embodiments of the present application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.
  • a battery thermal runaway experiment method includes:
  • the data analysis device calculates a heat release rate of a battery thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment method provided in the embodiment of the present application is performed by the first temperature measuring device, the second temperature measuring device, the first pressure measuring device, and the second pressure measuring device on the battery.
  • the temperature and pressure of the first gas channel gas inflow and the second gas channel gas outflow are measured to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.
  • the temperature of the battery to be tested is measured by the third temperature measuring device to obtain the third temperature.
  • a heat release rate of the battery to be tested during a thermal runaway process is calculated.
  • the battery thermal runaway experimental method provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate in calculating the heat release rate during the battery thermal runaway process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experiment system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection and “connection” in this application include direct and indirect connections (connections) unless otherwise specified.
  • the first feature "on” or “down” of the second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediate medium. contact.
  • the first feature is “above”, “above”, and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below”, and “below” of the second feature.
  • the first feature may be directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply indicate that the first feature is less horizontal than the second feature.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, which includes a box 100, a heating device 200, and a pressure regulating device 800.
  • the pressure adjusting device 800 is disposed on the box body 100 and is used to adjust the internal pressure of the box body 100.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 can be applied to a thermal runaway experiment performed by a battery that can cause thermal runaway.
  • the battery is a secondary battery.
  • the battery may be a lithium battery. It can be understood that the application of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 is not limited to the battery thermal runaway test, and can also be applied to other scenarios with the same use requirements.
  • the case 100 is used for placing the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the shape, size, material and specifications of the box body 100 can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the box 100 may be a sealed box.
  • the cabinet 100 may include a sealed door 110.
  • the sealed door 110 is disposed on one side of the case 100.
  • the sealed door 110 may be lined with a high-temperature resistant silicone pad to seal the box 100.
  • the sealed door 110 may further include an observation window 111.
  • the observation window 111 is disposed on the sealed door 111.
  • the observation window 111 may be made of a light-transmitting material for observing the conditions inside the cabinet 100.
  • the observation window 111 may be made of quartz glass.
  • the observation window 111 may be provided with a film on one side of the inside of the cabinet 100, which is convenient for cleaning the observation window 111 after the test.
  • an image acquisition device 60 may be further provided outside the observation window 111.
  • the image acquisition device 60 is used to record an experimental phenomenon inside the cabinet 100 during an experiment.
  • the image acquisition device 60 may be a camera or a video camera.
  • the box 100 is a cube.
  • the box body 100 is made of a high temperature and high pressure resistant material.
  • a sealed door 110 is provided on one side of the box 100.
  • the sealed door 110 is provided with an observation window 111.
  • a camera is disposed outside the observation window 111.
  • the battery 50 to be tested is placed inside the case 100. In order to facilitate the experiment, the battery 50 to be tested may be a certain distance from the case 100 through the battery holder 51.
  • the battery 50 to be tested can be stored in a tray 52.
  • the receiving tray 52 is disposed on the battery holder 51.
  • the top of the receiving tray 52 may be sheathed or covered with a protective cover 53.
  • the protective cover 53 may be a metal mesh.
  • the heating device 200 is disposed inside the box 100.
  • the heating device 200 is used for heating, thereby increasing the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested, and further studying the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the heating device 200 may be a uniform heating device or a local heating device.
  • the heating device 200 may be an electric heating wire, a quartz heating tube, an electric heating rod, or a laser heater. According to requirements, the heating device 200 may be disposed at any position in the cabinet 100.
  • the heating device 200 may be installed inside the box 100 through a bracket, or may be suspended inside the box 100 through a connecting rod or the like.
  • the connection between the heating device 200 and the case 100 may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • the specific structure, model, placement position, and connection manner of the heating device 200 can be selected according to actual experimental requirements, and this application does not specifically limit them.
  • the pressure adjusting device 800 is a device that can increase the pressure inside the cabinet 100 or reduce the pressure inside the cabinet 100.
  • the pressure regulating device 800 may have various options.
  • the pressure adjusting device 800 can change the pressure inside the box body 100 to adjust the pressure inside the box body 100.
  • the cabinet 100 can simulate thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested at different altitudes.
  • the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application adds simulation of pressure changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the actual scene simulation of thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby improving The accuracy of the experiment.
  • the pressure regulating device 800 includes a first gas channel 300 and an air pump 400.
  • the first gas passage 300 is in communication with the case 100 and is used for gas circulation.
  • the air pump 400 is connected to the cabinet 100 through the first gas passage 300. The air pump 400 is used for filling gas into the box body 100 or extracting gas from the box body 100.
  • the first gas passage 300 may be a pipe.
  • the material and model of the pipeline are not limited, and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • a mounting hole may be provided on one side of the box body 100 for mounting the first gas channel 300.
  • the size of the mounting hole matches the size of the first gas passage 300 to ensure that the first gas passage 300 is in communication with the case 100.
  • One end of the first gas passage 300 is in communication with the tank 100, and the other end of the first gas passage 300 is connected to the air pump 400.
  • the first gas passage 300 may also be provided with a switch or a valve for controlling the opening and closing of the first gas passage 300.
  • the air pump 400 is used for flushing gas into the box body 100 or withdrawing gas from the box body 100.
  • the specific specifications and models of the air pump 400 are not limited, as long as the air pump 400 can be connected to the cabinet 100 through the first gas passage 300 and the gas can be filled into or removed from the cabinet 100. Just pull out the air.
  • the process and principle of performing the thermal runaway experiment on the battery 50 to be tested using the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 are as follows:
  • the sealed door 110 is closed.
  • the air pump 400 is used to fill or extract air into the tank 100 to change the pressure in the tank 100. It is heated by the heating device 200 until the battery 50 to be tested is thermally out of control.
  • the thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested under different gas pressures were studied.
  • the thermal runaway behavior characteristics under different gas pressures can be used to characterize the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested at different altitudes.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 includes the case 100, the heating device 200, the first gas passage 300, and the air pump 400.
  • the first gas passage 300 is in communication with the case 100 and is used for gas circulation.
  • the air pump 400 is connected to the tank 100 through the first gas channel 300 and is used to fill the tank 100 with gas or extract gas from the tank 100.
  • the first gas passage 300 and the air pump 400 cooperate to complete the pressure change in the tank 100.
  • the heating device 200 is used to heat the battery 50 to be tested, thereby simulating the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 under different altitudes and pressures.
  • the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application adds simulation of pressure changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the actual scenario simulation of the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby further improving The accuracy of the experiment.
  • the experimental results of using the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in this application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 may further include a second gas channel 500.
  • the second gas channel 500 is in communication with the case 100 and is used for gas circulation.
  • the second gas passage 500 may be a pipe.
  • the material and model of the pipeline are not limited, and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • a mounting hole may be formed on one side of the box 100. The mounting hole is used for mounting the second gas passage 500. The size of the mounting hole matches the size of the second gas passage 500 to ensure that the second gas passage 500 is in communication with the case 100.
  • the second gas passage 500 may be used for external air to flow into the box body 100, and may also be used for air to flow out of the box body 100.
  • the second gas passage 500 remains unblocked, and air is injected into the case 100 through the air pump 400 and the first gas passage 300.
  • the air in the box 100 flows out through the second gas passage 500.
  • the air in the box 100 generates convection.
  • the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in this embodiment can simulate thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested under different airspeed ratios, and accurately simulate different wind speeds or Thermal runaway behavior in scenarios such as vehicle speed.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 provided in this embodiment improves the accuracy of simulating the thermal runaway scenario of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby improving the accuracy of the thermal runaway experiment results.
  • the second gas passage 500 may further include a valve 510.
  • the valve 510 is disposed in the second gas passage 500 and is used to control the opening and closing of the second gas passage 500.
  • the valve 510 may be disposed at an end of the second gas passage 500 or at an intermediate portion of the second gas passage 500.
  • the valve 510 is used to control the opening and closing of the second gas passage 500.
  • the valve 510 may also be a valve capable of controlling the gas flow rate of the second gas passage 500. Specifically, when the airspeed ratio in the cabinet 100 needs to be adjusted, the valve 510 is opened, and air is injected into the cabinet 100 through the air pump 400.
  • valve 510 When the pressure in the tank 100 needs to be adjusted, the valve 510 is closed, and the pressure in the tank 100 is adjusted by the air pump 400 and the first gas passage 300.
  • the opening and closing of the second gas channel 500 can be flexibly implemented through the valve 510, so that multiple functions of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 can be realized.
  • the pool thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10 may further include a safety valve 600.
  • the safety valve 600 is disposed in the case 100 and is used for pressure relief.
  • the safety valve 600 may be disposed on the top of the case 100 or on any side of the case 100.
  • the safety valve 600 may preset a certain threshold value. When the pressure in the tank 100 exceeds a preset threshold value, the safety valve 600 is opened and the pressure relief is started.
  • the specific structure and model of the safety valve 600 and the connection method with the case 100 can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the safety valve 600 can prevent dangerous situations such as explosion due to excessive pressure inside the case 100 due to thermal runaway eruption, combustion, etc. of the battery 50 to be tested during the experiment.
  • the safety valve 600 improves the safety of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10.
  • the heating device 200 may be a uniform heating device.
  • the uniform heating device is configured to uniformly heat the battery 50 to be tested, thereby inducing thermal runaway of the full battery of the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the uniform heating device is used for simulating a thermal runaway scenario induced by the overall uniform temperature of the battery caused by a high ambient temperature during the use of the battery.
  • the structure of the heating device 200 may be various.
  • the heating device 200 may include a uniform heater 210 and an air circulation device 220.
  • the uniform heater 210 is disposed in the case 100 and is used to generate heat.
  • the air circulation device 220 is disposed in the case 100.
  • the air circulation device 220 and the uniform heater 210 are spaced apart from each other and configured to change the air flow direction in the cabinet 100 so that the heat in the cabinet 100 is uniform.
  • the uniform heater 210 may be an electric heater.
  • the uniform heater 210 may be an electric heating wire or a quartz heating tube.
  • the uniform heater 210 can adjust the heating rate by adjusting the power.
  • the uniform heater 210 is spaced apart from the battery 50 to be tested. That is, the uniform heater 210 is not in direct contact with the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the uniform heater 210 generates heat and raises the temperature of the air in the case 100, so that the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested placed in the case 100 rises.
  • the air circulation device 220 may be disposed above, below, left, right, front, or rear of the uniform heater 210 and spaced from the uniform heater 210.
  • the air circulation device 220 is used to change the air flow direction in the box 100 so that the heat in the box 100 is uniform.
  • the air circulation device 220 may be a circulation fan or the like.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 includes the uniform heater 210 and the air circulation device 220.
  • the air circulation device 220 and the uniform heater 210 are spaced apart from each other. Through the cooperation of the uniform heater 210 and the air circulation device 220, the temperature in the cabinet 100 is uniformly increased.
  • the battery 50 to be tested placed in the case 100 induces thermal runaway due to an excessively high ambient temperature.
  • the present application is that the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided in the embodiment accurately simulates a scenario where the battery 50 to be tested has a full average temperature induced thermal runaway scenario, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.
  • the uniform heater 210 is a planar structure.
  • the uniform heater 210 may be a heater having a planar structure such as a heating sheet or a heating plate.
  • the uniform heater 210 may be fixed in the case 100 by a device such as a connecting rod.
  • the uniform heater 210 may be suspended from an inner top end of the case 100 and disposed in parallel with the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the air circulation device 220 may be suspended from an upper portion of the uniform heater 210. That is, the uniform heater 210 is disposed between the battery to be tested 50 and the air circulation device 220.
  • the planar uniform heater 210 can increase the heating and heat dissipation area, thereby improving the heating efficiency, and further improving the working efficiency of the battery thermal runaway experiment apparatus 10.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 further includes a local heating device 700.
  • the local heating device 700 and the uniform heater 210 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the uniform heater 210 is disposed between the air circulation device 220 and the local heating device 700.
  • the local heating device 700 is in local contact with the battery 50 to be tested, and is used to simulate a scenario in which local overheating of the battery induces thermal runaway in actual applications and spreads to other areas to induce overall thermal runaway.
  • the local heating device 700 may be a heating rod or a laser heater.
  • the local heating device 700 may be connected to the box body 100 in the form of a connecting rod or a support frame. During the thermal runaway experiment, the smaller the contact point between the local heating device 700 and the battery 50 to be tested, the smaller the hotspot that induces local thermal runaway, and the more realistic the simulation of the actual scene of local thermal runaway is.
  • the use of the local heating device 700 to simulate a local overheating induced thermal runaway scenario of the battery further improves the accuracy of the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 to simulate the thermal runaway scenario of the battery 50 to be tested, thereby improving the test to be tested. Accuracy of battery 50 thermal runaway experiment results.
  • the volume of the local heating device 700 is less than a preset threshold.
  • the volume of the local heating device 700 is less than a preset threshold, which can effectively reduce the heating of the surrounding air, thereby reducing the influence of uniform heating factors.
  • the small volume of the local heating device 700 makes the contact point between the local heating device 700 and the battery 50 to be tested relatively small, so that the hot spots that cause local thermal runaway are small, and the actual scene of local thermal runaway is small. Simulation is more realistic.
  • the specific value of the preset threshold may be obtained according to an experimental result, or may be set according to an actual demand.
  • the local heating device 700 includes a local heater 710 and a heat conductor 720.
  • the heat-conducting body 720 is attached to the local heater 710.
  • the heat-conducting body 720 is spaced apart from the uniform heater 210.
  • the local heater 710 is used to generate heat.
  • the local heater 710 may be a heating wire or the like.
  • the heat-conducting body 720 may have a spherical structure, a cubic structure, or other irregular-shaped structures.
  • the heat conductor 720 may be wrapped around the local heater 710 and adhered to the local heater 710. The smaller the volume of the heater 710 and the heat conductor 720 is, the better.
  • the heat-conducting body 720 is in contact with the battery 50 to be tested, and is configured to conduct heat generated by the heater 710 to the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the local heater 710 and the heat conductor 720 are used to locally heat the battery 50 to be tested, thereby simulating a scenario where the battery is locally overheated and causing a thermal runaway scenario in actual applications, further improving the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 Accuracy of simulating a thermal runaway scenario of the battery 50 to be tested.
  • At least one surface of the thermal conductor 720 is an arc structure.
  • the surface of the arc structure may be a surface remote from the uniform heater 210.
  • the surface of the arc-shaped structure is in contact with the battery to be tested.
  • the other surfaces of the heat-conducting body 720 may be curved surfaces or flat surfaces.
  • the thermal conductor 720 may be a three-dimensional structure composed of five planes and one surface of an arc structure, and the tangent point of the surface of the arc structure is in contact with the battery 50 to be tested, thereby realizing the The thermal conductor 720 is in point contact with the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the point contact with the battery to be tested is realized through the tangent point of the arc-shaped structural surface, so that the contact point becomes smaller, so that the thermal runaway trigger point becomes smaller. Therefore, the simulation of the actual scene of local thermal runaway is more realistic.
  • the local heater 710 may be disposed parallel to the battery 50 to be tested, so as to reduce the volume of the heat conductor 720, thereby reducing the influence on the surrounding air, and improving the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 for local The authenticity of a thermal runaway scenario simulation.
  • the local heating device 700 further includes a guide rail 730 and a connecting rod 740.
  • the guide rail 730 and the connecting rod 740 are both disposed in the case 100.
  • the connecting rod 740 is connected between the guide rail 730 and the heat conductor 720.
  • the connecting rod (740) is slidably connected with the guide rail (730), so that the connecting rod 740 can slide along the guide rail 730.
  • the guide rail 730 may be mounted on two side walls inside the box body 100, or may be set on the top of the box body 100.
  • the connecting rod 740 can be used to support the heat conductor 720 and the local heater 710.
  • the connecting rod 740 may be rod-shaped. One end of the connecting rod 740 is connected to the heat conductor 720. The other end of the connecting rod 740 is connected to the guide rail 730.
  • the connecting rod 740 can slide along the guide rail 730 to change the positions of the heat conductor 720 and the local heater 710, and then change the thermal runaway trigger point of the local thermal runaway experiment.
  • the guide rail 730 and the connecting rod 740 enable the local heating device 700 to be movable, thereby making the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 more convenient to use.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 including the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, the measurement device 20, and the data analysis device 30 described in any one of the preceding items.
  • the measurement device 20 is connected to the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 for measuring data.
  • the data analysis device 30 is connected to the measurement device 20 and is configured to obtain data measured by the measurement device 20 and perform analysis processing.
  • the measurement device 20 is used to measure the temperature, pressure, heat release rate, and air ejection volume and other related data during the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the measurement device 20 may include a temperature measurement device, a pressure measurement device, and the like. The number and setting positions of the measuring devices 20 can be selected according to requirements.
  • the data analysis device 30 may be a computer processor or a programmable logic processor.
  • the measurement device 20 transmits the measured data to the data analysis device 30.
  • the data analysis device 30 calculates, analyzes, and processes the data to obtain a required result.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 includes the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, the measurement device 20, and the data analysis device 30.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 can improve the accuracy of simulation of the actual scenario of battery thermal runaway, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.
  • the experimental results of the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in the embodiments of the present application have great guiding significance for battery safety design.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 further includes a display device 40.
  • the display device 40 is connected to the data analysis device 30 and is configured to display a data analysis processing result.
  • the display device 40 may also be used to display image information collected by the image acquisition device 60. Through the display device 40, the intelligence of human-computer interaction of the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 can be improved.
  • the measurement device 20 includes a first temperature measurement device 21, a second temperature measurement device 22, a third temperature test device 25, a first pressure measurement device 23, and a second pressure measurement device 24.
  • the first temperature measuring device 21 is disposed in the first gas channel 300 and is used to measure the temperature of the first gas channel 300.
  • the second temperature measuring device 22 is disposed in the second gas channel 500 and is used to measure the temperature at the second gas channel 500.
  • the third temperature measuring device 25 is disposed at the center of the surface of the battery 50 to be tested, and is configured to measure the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested.
  • the first pressure measuring device 23 is disposed in the first gas passage 300 and is used to measure the pressure at the first gas passage 300.
  • the second pressure measuring device 24 is disposed in the second gas passage 500 and is used to measure the pressure at the second gas passage 500.
  • the air pump 400 injects air into the casing 100 through the first gas passage 300.
  • the second gas channel 500 is opened.
  • the first gas passage 300 and the second gas passage 500 form air convection.
  • the first temperature measuring device 21 and the first pressure measuring device 23 measure the temperature and pressure of the gas in the first gas passage 300.
  • the second temperature measuring device 22 and the second pressure measuring device 24 measure the temperature and pressure of the gas in the second gas passage 500.
  • the data analysis device 30 calculates and analyzes the thermal runaway process of the battery 50 to be tested according to the temperature and pressure of the inflow gas at the first gas channel 300 and the temperature and pressure of the outflow gas at the second gas channel 500. Exothermic rate.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in this embodiment is paired with the first temperature measurement device 21, the second temperature measurement device 22, the first pressure measurement device 23, and the second pressure measurement device 24.
  • the temperature and pressure of the gas inflow channel and the gas outflow channel are measured respectively, and the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested is measured by the third temperature measuring device 25, and then the heat release during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested rate.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate in calculating the parameters during the battery thermal runaway process.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment method, including:
  • the data analysis device 30 calculates a heat release rate of a battery thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.
  • the air pump 400 injects air into the tank 100 through the first gas passage 300, and the second gas passage 500 discharges air.
  • the battery 50 to be tested is heated by the heating device 200 until the battery 50 to be tested is thermally out of control.
  • the first temperature measurement device 21, the second temperature measurement device 22, the first pressure measurement device 23, and the second pressure measurement device 24 are respectively used for the gas inflow place and location of the first gas passage 300.
  • the temperature and pressure at the gas outflow of the second gas channel 500 are measured to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.
  • the third temperature measuring device 25 measures the surface center temperature of the battery 50 to be tested to obtain the third temperature.
  • the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested is calculated according to the following formula:
  • P battery is the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested.
  • c p-air is the isobaric specific heat capacity of air in J / kg.K.
  • ⁇ air_in is the density of the gas at the first gas channel 300, and the unit is kg / m 3 .
  • ⁇ air_out is the density of the gas at the second gas channel 500, and the unit is kg / m 3 .
  • T out is the second temperature in K.
  • P heater is the power of the heating device 200.
  • P released is the heat dissipation power of the box 100, and the unit is J / s. c p-battary is the isobaric specific heat capacity of the battery 50 to be tested, and the unit is J / kg.K.
  • m b is the mass of the battery 50 to be tested.
  • T b is the third temperature.
  • the volume is 300 V in the gas flowing into the first gas passage.
  • V out is the volume of the gas flowing into the second gas channel 500.
  • d in is a cross-sectional area of the first gas passage 300.
  • d out is a cross-sectional area of the second gas passage 500.
  • t is the time when air is injected through the first gas passage 300 and air is discharged through the second gas passage 500.
  • P in is the pressure of the first gas passage.
  • P out is the pressure of the second gas passage 500.
  • c p-air is known, and in a case where the battery 50 to be tested is fixed, c p-battary and m b are known.
  • P heater and P released are known.
  • d in and d out are known.
  • t can be known by a timer or the like.
  • the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested can be calculated.
  • the exothermic rate during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested can be obtained.
  • the battery thermal runaway experiment method provided in the embodiment of the present application passes the first temperature measuring device 21, the second temperature measuring device 22, the third temperature measuring device 25, the first pressure measuring device 23, and
  • the second pressure measuring device 24 measures the temperature and pressure of the gas inflow of the first gas passage 300 and the gas outflow of the second gas passage 500, respectively, to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, A third temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.
  • a heat release rate of the battery to be tested 50 during a thermal runaway process is calculated.
  • the battery thermal runaway experimental method provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate in calculating the heat release rate during the battery heat runaway process.
  • system 1 and method provided in this application in addition to testing the heat release rate during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested, it can also test the thermal runaway
  • the other parameters such as the temperature, pressure, and air volume of the battery 50 to be tested are described. Specifically, it can be selected and used according to actual needs.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法。电池控制失控实验装置包括箱体、加热装置、第一气体通道和气泵。加热装置设置于所述箱体内，用于产生热量。第一气体通道与箱体连通，用于气体的流通。气泵通过第一气体通道与箱体连接，用于向箱体充入气体或从箱体中抽出气体。本申请提供的电池热失控实验装置增加了压力变化的模拟。

Description

电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法
相关申请
本申请要求2018年07月27日申请的，申请号为2018108423642，名称为“电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池安全领域，更具体的说，涉及一种电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法。
背景技术
随着科技的发展，动力电池已成为人们日常生活和生产中常用的物品。动力电池在某些诱导因素下容易引发热失控，从而引起安全性事故。因此，研究动力电池的热失控过程已成为一项重要的课题。
目前人们对电池热失控过程的研究，主要是通过加速量热仪(Accelerating Rate Calorimetry，ARC)、绝热反应热能量测定仪(Vent Sizing Package 2，VSP2)、差示扫描量热仪(Differential Scanning Calorimetry，DSC)、锥形量热仪等仪器，模拟动力电池热失控场景，并对动力电池的在热失控过程中的产热、喷气、燃烧等特性进行研究。
但是，这些实验仪器和实验方法与实际场景相差比较大，存在对动力电池热失控的场景模拟准确性差的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请公开一种电池热失控实验装置、***及其方法。
一种电池热失控实验装置，包括：
箱体；
加热装置，设置于所述箱体内，用于产生热量；
第一气体通道，与所述箱体连通，用于气体的流通；以及
气泵，通过所述第一气体通道与所述箱体连接，用于向所述箱体充入气体或从所述箱体中抽出气体。
本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置包括所述箱体、所述加热装置、所述第 一气体通道和所述气泵。所述第一气体通道与所述箱体连通，用于气体的流通。所述气泵通过所述第一气体通道与所述箱体连接，用于向所述箱体充入气体或从所述箱体中抽出气体。通过所述第一气体通道和所述气泵配合完成所述箱体内的压力变化。通过所述加热装置对所述待测试电池进行加热，从而模拟电池在不同海拔，不同压力下所述待测试电池的热失控行为特征。与传统技术相比，本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置增加了压力变化的模拟，因此，提高了对所述待测电池热失控实际场景模拟的准确性，从而进一步提高了实验的准确性。利用本申请提供的所述电池热失控实验装置进行实验的实验结果对电池安全设计具有较大的指导意义。
一种电池热失控实验***，包括：
所述电池热失控实验装置；
测量装置，与所述电池热失控实验装置连接，用于测量数据；
数据分析装置，与所述测量装置连接，用于获取所述测量装置测量的数据，并进行分析处理。
本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验***包括所述电池热失控实验装置、所述测量装置和所述数据分析装置。所述电池热失控实验装置能够提高对电池热失控实际场景模拟的准确性，从而提高了实验的准确性。本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验***的实验结果对电池安全设计具有较大指导意义。
一种电池热失控实验方法，包括：
通过所述第一温度测量装置测量所述第一气体通道处的温度，得到第一温度；
通过所述第二温度测量装置测量所述第二气体通道处的温度，得到第二温度；
通过所述第三温度测量装置测量所述待测试电池的温度，得到第三温度；
通过第一压力测量装置测量所述第一气体通道处的压力，得到第一压力；
通过第二压力测量装置测量所述第二气体通道处的压力，得到第二压力；
所述数据分析装置根据所述第一温度、所述第二温度、第三温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力计算电池热失控过程的放热率。
本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验方法，通过所述第一温度测量装置、所述第二温度测量装置、所述第一压力测量装置和所述第二压力测量装置分别对所述第一气体通道气体流入处和所述第二气体通道气体流出处的温度和压力进行测量，得到所述第一温度、所述第二温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力。通过所述第三温度测量装置测量所述待测试电池的温度，得到所述第三温度。根据所述第一温度、所述第二温度、所述第三温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力计算得出所述待测试电池在热失控过程中的放热率。与 传统技术中通过氧耗法计算放热率相比，本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验方法对电池热失控过程中放热率的计算更加准确。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置示意图；
图2为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置剖视图；
图3为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置剖视图；
图4为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置俯视图；
图5为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置剖视图；
图6为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置局部剖视图；
图7为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验装置示意图；
图8为本申请一个实施例提供的电池热失控测试实验***结构示意图。
附图标记说明
电池热失控实验***        1
电池热失控实验装置        10
箱体                      100
密封门                    110
观察窗                    111
加热装置                  200
均匀加热器                210
空气循环装置              220
第一气体通道              300
气泵                      400
第二气体通道              500
阀门                      510
安全阀                    600
局部加热装置              700
局部加热器                710
导热体                     720
导轨                       730
连接杆                     740
压力调节装置               800
测量装置                   20
第一温度测试装置           21
第二温度测试装置           22
第一压力测试装置           23
第二压力测试装置           24
第三压力测试装置           25
数据分析装置               30
显示装置                   40
待测试电池                 50
电池支架                   51
盛放盘                     52
防护罩                     53
图像采集装置               60
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下通过实施例，并结合附图，对本申请的进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本文中为部件所编序号本身，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于区分所描述的对象，不具有任何顺序或技术含义。而本申请所说“连接”、“联接”，如无特别说明，均包括直接和间接连接(联接)。在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征 在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
请参见图1和图2，本申请一个实施例提供一种电池热失控实验装置10，其包括箱体100、加热装置200和压力调节装置800。所述压力调节装置800设置于所述箱体100，用于调节所述箱体100内部压力。
所述电池热失控实验装置10可以应用于可发生热失控的电池进行的热失控实验。所述电池为二次电池。所述电池可以为锂电池。可以理解，所述电池热失控实验装置10的应用不局限于电池热失控测试，还可以应用于其他有相同用途需求的场景。
所述箱体100用于放置待测试电池50。所述箱体100的外形、尺寸、材质和规格，可以根据实际需要进行选择。所述箱体100可以为密封箱体。所述箱体100可以包括密封门110。所述密封门110设置于所述箱体100一侧。所述密封门110可以采用内衬耐高温硅胶垫，以实现所述箱体100的密封。所述密封门110还可以包括观察窗111。所述观察窗111设置于所述密封门111。所述观察窗111可以为透光材质制成，用于观测所述箱体100内的情况。例如，所述观察窗111的材质可以为石英玻璃。所述观察窗111在所述箱体100内一侧可以设置贴膜，便于试验后对所述观察窗111进行清洁。当所述观察窗111为透光材质制成时，所述观察窗111外部还可以设置有图像采集装置60。所述图像采集装置60用于记录实验过程中所述箱体100内部的实验现象。所述图像采集装置60可以为相机或摄像机。
在一个实施例中，所述箱体100为正方体。所述箱体100为耐高温、耐高压材料制成。所述箱体100的一侧设置有密封门110。所述密封门110设置观察窗111。所述观察窗111的外部设置有摄像机。所述待测试电池50放置于所述箱体100内部。为了便于实验，所述待测试电池50可以通过电池支架51与所述箱体100一定距离。所述待测试电池50可以盛放于盛放盘52中。所述盛放盘52设置于所述电池支架51上。为了防止实验中所述待测电池50喷发或者所述待测电池50热失控后***对所述箱体100内部造成破坏，所述盛放盘52的顶端还可以套设或罩设防护罩53。所述防护罩53可以为金属丝网。
所述加热装置200设置于所述箱体100的内部。所述加热装置200用于加热，从而提高所述待测试电池50的温度，进而研究所述待测试电池50的热失控行为。所述加热装置200可以是均匀加热装置，也可以是局部加热装置。所述加热装置200可以是电加热丝，可以是石英加热管，也可以是电加热棒，还可以是激光加热器等。根据需要，所述加热装 置200可以设置于所述箱体100内的任何位置。所述加热装置200可以通过支架设置于所述箱体100内部，也可以通过连接杆等悬挂于所述箱体100内部。所述加热装置200与所述箱体100的连接可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接。所述加热装置200的具体结构、型号、放置位置以及与所述箱体100的连接方式等可以根据实际实验需求进行选择，本申请不做具体限定。
所述压力调节装置800为可以增加所述箱体100内部压力或减小所述箱体100内部压力的装置。所述压力调节装置800可以有多种选择。所述压力调节装置800可以改变所述箱体100内部的压力，从而调整所述箱体100内部的压强。通过所述压力装置800，所述箱体100可以模拟不同海拔下，所述待测电池50的热失控行为特征。与传统技术相比，本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10增加了压力变化的模拟，因此，提高了对所述待测电池50的热失控实际场景模拟的准确性，从而提高了实验的准确性。
在一个实施例中，所述压力调节装置800包括第一气体通道300和气泵400。所述第一气体通道300与所述箱体100连通，用于气体的流通。所述气泵400通过所述第一气体通道300与所述箱体100连接。所述气泵400用于向所述箱体100充入气体或从所述箱体100中抽出气体。
所述第一气体通道300可以为管道。所述管道的材质、型号等不做限制，可以根据实际需求选择。具体地，所述箱体100一侧可以开设有安装孔，用于安装所述第一气体通道300。所述安装孔的尺寸与所述第一气体通道300的尺寸相匹配，以保证所述第一气体通道300与所述箱体100连通。所述第一气体通道300的一端与所述箱体100连通，所述第一气体通道300的另一端与所述气泵400连接。所述第一气体通道300还可以设置有开关或阀门，用于控制所述第一气体通道300的开启和关闭。所述气泵400用于向所述箱体100内冲入气体或从所述箱体100内抽出气体。所述气泵400的具体规格、型号等不做限定，只要可以通过所述第一气体通道300与所述箱体100连接，并实现向所述箱体100充入气体或从所述箱体100抽出空气即可。
使用所述电池热失控实验装置10对所述待测电池50进行热失控实验的过程和原理如下：
将所述待测试电池50和所述加热装置200放置于所述箱体100内后，关闭所述密封门110。通过所述气泵400向所述箱体100内充入空气或抽出空气，以改变所述箱体100内的压力。通过所述加热装置200加热，直至引发所述待测试电池50热失控。研究所述待测试电池50在不同气体压力下的热失控行为特征。所述不同气体压力下的热失控行为特征可以用于表征实际情况中，不同海拔下，所述待测电池50的热失控特征。
本实施例中，所述电池热失控实验装置10包括所述箱体100、所述加热装置200、所述第一气体通道300和所述气泵400。所述第一气体通道300与所述箱体100连通，用于气体的流通。所述气泵400通过所述第一气体通道300与所述箱体100连接，用于向所述箱体100充入气体或从所述箱体100中抽出气体。通过所述第一气体通道300和所述气泵400配合完成所述箱体100内的压力变化。通过所述加热装置200对所述待测试电池50进行加热，从而模拟电池在不同海拔，不同压力下所述待测试电池50的热失控行为特征。与传统技术相比，本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10增加了压力变化的模拟，因此，提高了对所述待测电池50热失控实际场景模拟的准确性，从而进一步提高了实验的准确性。利用本申请提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10进行实验的实验结果对电池安全设计具有较大的指导意义。
在一个实施例中，所述电池热失控实验装置10还可以包括第二气体通道500。所述第二气体通道500与所述箱体100连通，用于气体的流通。所述第二气体通道500可以为管道。所述管道的材质、型号等不做限制，可以根据实际需求选择。具体地，所述箱体100一侧可以开设有安装孔。所述安装孔用于安装所述第二气体通道500。所述安装孔的尺寸与所述第二气体通道500的尺寸相匹配，以保证所述第二气体通道500与所述箱体100连通。所述第二气体通道500可以用于外部空气向所述箱体100内流入空气，也可以用于所述箱体100内的空气流出。
当所述密封门110密封，所述第二气体通道500保持畅通，通过所述气泵400和所述第一气体通道300向所述箱体100内注入空气。所述箱体100内的空气通过所述第二气体通道500流出。所述箱体100内的空气产生对流。通过调节所述气泵400的功率，改变所述气泵400向所述箱体100注入空气的速度，从而可以改变所述箱体100内的空气对流速度，继而改变所述箱体100内的空速比。本实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10能够模拟不同空速比下的所述待测试电池50的热失控行为特征，准确的模拟所述待测试电池50在实际应用中不同的风速或车速等场景下的热失控行为。本实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10提高了对所述待测试电池50热失控场景模拟的准确性，从而提高热失控实验结果的准确性。
在一个实施例中，所述第二气体通道500还可以包括阀门510。所述阀门510设置于所述第二气体通道500，用于控制所述第二气体通道500的开启和关闭。所述阀门510可以设置于所述第二气体通道500的端部，也可以设置于所述第二气体通道500的中间部位。所述阀门510用于控制所述第二气体通道500的开启和关闭。根据需要，所述阀门510也可以选择能够控制所述第二气体通道500气体流量的阀门。具体的，当需要调节所述箱体 100内空速比时，打开所述阀门510，并通过所述气泵400向所述箱体100内注入空气。当需要调整所述箱体100内的压力时，关闭所述阀门510，通过所述气泵400和所述第一气体通道300调整所述箱体100内的压力。通过所述阀门510可以灵活的实现所述第二气体通道500的开启和关闭，从而可以实现所述电池热失控实验装置10的多重功能。
在一个实施例中，所述池热失控实验装置10还可以包括安全阀600。所述安全阀600设置于所述箱体100，用于泄压。所述安全阀600可以设置于所述箱体100的顶部，也可以设置于所述箱体100的任意一个侧面。所述安全阀600可以预设一定的阈值，当所述箱体100内的压力超过预设阈值，所述安全阀600打开，并启动泄压。所述安全阀600的具体结构、型号以及与所述箱体100的连接方式等，可以根据实际需求选择。所述安全阀600可以防止实验过程中，因所述待测电池50热失控喷发、燃烧等造成所述箱体100内部压力过大而发生***等危险情况。所述安全阀600提高了所述电池热失控实验装置10的安全性。
所述加热装置200可以为均匀加热装置。所述均匀加热装置用于对所述待测试电池50均匀加热，从而诱发所述待测试电池50全电池热失控。所述均匀加热装置用于模拟电池使用过程中，环境温度过高等原因造成的电池全面均温诱发的热失控场景。
当所述加热装置200为均匀加热装置时，所述加热装置200的结构可以为多种。请参见图3和图4，在一个实施例中，所述加热装置200可以包括均匀加热器210和空气循环装置220。所述均匀加热器210设置于所述箱体100内，用于产生热量。所述空气循环装置220设置于所述箱体100内。所述空气循环装置220与所述均匀加热器210间隔相对设置，用于改变所述箱体100内的空气流向，使得所述箱体100内热量均匀。所述均匀加热器210可以为电加热器。所述均匀加热器210可以采用电加热丝或石英加热管等。所述均匀加热器210可以通过调节功率来实现加热速率的调节。所述均匀加热器210与所述待测试电池50间隔相对设置。也就是说，所述均匀加热器210不与所述待测试电池50直接接触。所述均匀加热器210产生热量并使所述箱体100内的空气温度升高，从而使得放置于所述箱体100内的所述待测试电池50温度升高。
所述空气循环装置220可以设置于所述均匀加热器210的上、下、左、右、前或后，并与所述均匀加热器210间隔设置。所述空气循环装置220用于改变所述箱体100内的空气流向，使得所述箱体100内的热量均匀。所述空气循环装置220可以为循环风扇等。
本实施例中，所述电池热失控实验装置10包括所述均匀加热器210和所述空气循环装置220。所述空气循环装置220与所述均匀加热器210间隔相对设置。通过所述均匀加热器210和所述空气循环装置220配合，使得所述箱体100内的温度均匀升高。放置于所 述箱体100内的所述待测试电池50的由于周围环境温度过高而诱发热失控。本申请是实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10准确的模拟了所述待测试电池50全面均温诱发热失控场景，从而可以提高实验结果的准确性和可靠性。
在一个实施例中，所述均匀加热器210为面状结构。所述均匀加热器210可以为加热片、加热板等面状结构的加热器。所述均匀加热器210可以通过连接杆等装置固定于所述箱体100内。所述均匀加热器210可以悬挂与所述箱体100的内部顶端，并与所述待测试电池50平行设置。所述空气循环装置220可以悬挂设置于所述均匀加热器210的上部。也就是说，所述均匀加热器210设置于所述待测试电池50和所述空气循环装置220之间。面状的所述均匀加热器210能够增大加热和散热面积，从而提高加热效率，进而提高所述电池热失控实验装置10的工作效率。
请参见图5，在一个实施例中，所述电池热失控实验装置10还包括局部加热装置700。所述局部加热装置700与所述均匀加热器210间隔相对设置。所述均匀加热器210设置于所述空气循环装置220和所述局部加热装置700之间。
所述局部加热装置700与所述待测试电池50局部接触，用于模拟实际应用中电池局部过热诱发热失控，并蔓延到其他区域进而诱发全面热失控的场景。所述局部加热装置700可以为加热棒，也可以为激光加热器等。所述局部加热装置700可以通过连接杆或支撑架等形式连接于所述箱体100。在热失控实验过程中，所述局部加热装置700与所述待测试电池50的接触点越小，诱发局部热失控的起热点就越小，对局部热失控实际场景的模拟就越真实。同时，所述局部加热装置700的体积越小，对周围空气的加热就越少，对局部热失控场景的模拟就越真实。所述通过所述局部加热装置700模拟电池局部过热诱发热失控场景，进一步提高了所述电池热失控实验装置10对所述待测试电池50热失控场景模拟的准确性，从而提高所述待测试电池50热失控实验结果的准确性。
在一个实施例中，所述局部加热装置700的体积小于预设阈值。所述局部热失控场景模拟时，所述局部加热装置700体积越小，对局部热失控场景的模拟就越真实。所述局部加热装置700的体积小于预设的阈值能够有效减少对周围空气的加热，从而减少均匀加热因素的影响。同时，所述局部加热装置700的体积小，使得所述局部加热装置700与所述待测试电池50的接触点比较小，从而使诱发局部热失控的起热点较小，对局部热失控实际场景的模拟就比较真实。所述预设阈值的具体值可以根据实验结果得出，或根据实际需求进行设置。
请参见图6，在一个实施例中，所述局部加热装置700包括局部加热器710和导热体720。所述导热体720与所述局部加热器710贴合设置。所述导热体720与所述均匀加热 器210间隔相对设置。所述局部加热器710用于产生热量。所述局部加热器710可以为加热丝等。所述导热体720可以为球形结构，也可以为立方体结构，还可以为其他不规则形状结构。所述导热体720可以包裹于所述局部加热器710的外部，并与所述局部加热器710贴合。所述加热器710和所述导热体720的体积越小越好。所述导热体720与所述待测试电池50接触，用于将所述加热器710产生的热量传导至所述待测试电池50。通过所述局部加热器710和所述导热体720实现对所述待测试电池50的局部加热，从而模拟实际应用中，电池局部过热诱发热失控场景，进一步提高了所述电池热失控实验装置10对所述待测试电池50热失控场景模拟的准确性。
在一个实施例中，所述导热体720至少有一个面为弧形结构。所述弧形结构的面可以为远离所述均匀加热器210的面。所述弧形结构的面与所述待测试电池接触。所述导热体720的其他面可以为弧形面，也可以为平面。为了加工和连接方便，所述导热体720可以为五个平面和一个弧形结构的面组成的立体结构，所述弧形结构的面的切点与所述待测试电池50接触，从而实现所述导热体720与所述待测试电池50的点接触。通过弧形结构面的切点实现与所述待测试电池的点接触，使得接触点变小，从而使得热失控触发点变小，因此，对局部热失控实际场景的模拟更真实。同时，所述局部加热器710可以平行于所述待测试电池50设置，以减小所述导热体720的体积，从而减小对周围空气的影响，提高所述电池热失控实验装置10对局部热失控场景模拟的真实性。
请参见图7，在一个实施例中，所述局部加热装置700还包括：导轨730和连接杆740。所述导轨730和所述连接杆740均设置于所述箱体100内。所述连接杆740连接于所述导轨730和所述导热体720之间。且所述连接杆(740)与所述导轨(730)滑动连接，使得所述连接杆740可沿所述导轨730滑动。
所述导轨730可以架设于所述箱体100内部两个侧壁，也可以设置于所述箱体100顶部。所述连接杆740可用于支撑所述导热体720和所述局部加热器710。所述连接杆740可以为杆状。所述连接杆740的一端与所述导热体720连接。所述连接杆740的另一端与所述导轨730连接。所述连接杆740可以沿所述导轨730滑动，从而改变所述导热体720和所述局部加热器710的位置，进而改变局部热失控实验的热失控触发点。通过所述导轨730和所述连接杆740实现了所述局部加热装置700的可移动，从而使得所述电池热失控实验装置10使用更方便。
本申请一个实施例提供一种电池热失控实验***1，包括如上任一项所述的电池热失控实验装置10、测量装置20和数据分析装置30。所述测量装置20与所述电池热失控实验装置10连接，用于测量数据。所述数据分析装置30与所述测量装置20连接，用于获 取所述测量装置20测量的数据，并进行分析处理。
所述测量装置20用于测量电池热失控过程中温度、压力、放热率和喷气量等相关数据。所述测量装置20可以包括温度测量装置、压力测量装置等。所述测量装置20的数量和设置位置等可以根据需求选择。
所述数据分析装置30可以为计算机处理器，也可以为可编程逻辑处理器等。所述测量装置20将测量得到的数据传输至所述数据分析装置30。所述数据分析装置30对所述数据进行计算、分析和处理，得到需要的结果。
本实施例中，所述电池热失控实验***1包括所述电池热失控实验装置10、所述测量装置20和所述数据分析装置30。所述电池热失控实验装置10能够提高对电池热失控实际场景模拟的准确性，从而提高了实验的准确性。本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验***1的实验结果对电池安全设计具有较大指导意义。
在一个实施例中，所述电池热失控实验***1还包括显示装置40。所述显示装置40与所述数据分析装置30连接，用于显示数据分析处理结果。所述显示装置40也可以用于显示所述图像采集装置60采集到的图像信息。通过所述显示装置40，可以提高所述电池热失控实验***1人机交互的智能性。
在一个实施例中，所述测量装置20包括第一温度测量装置21、第二温度测量装置22、第三温度测试装置25、第一压力测量装置23和第二压力测量装置24。所述第一温度测量装置21设置于所述第一气体通道300，用于测量所述第一气体通道300出的温度。所述第二温度测量装置22设置于所述第二气体通道500，用于测量所述第二气体通道500处的温度。所述第三温度测量装置25设置于待测试电池50表面中心，用于测量所述待测试电池50的温度。所述第一压力测量装置23设置于所述第一气体通道300，用于测量所述第一气体通道300处的压力。所述第二压力测量装置24设置于所述第二气体通道500，用于测量所述第二气体通道500处的压力。
当所述气泵400通过所述第一气体通道300向所述箱体100内注入空气。所述第二气体通道500打开。所述第一气体通道300和所述第二气体通道500形成空气对流。所述第一温度测量装置21和所述第一压力测量装置23测量所述第一气体通道300处的气体的温度和压力。所述第二温度测量装置22和第二压力测量装置24测量所述第二气体通道500处气体的温度和压力。所述数据分析装置30根据所述第一气体通道300处流入气体的温度和压力，以及第二气体通道500处流出气体的温度和压力，计算、分析的出所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热率。
本实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验***1通过所述第一温度测量装置21、所述第二 温度测量装置22、所述第一压力测量装置23和所述第二压力测量装置24对气体流入通道和气体流出通道的温度和压力分别进行测量，并通过所述第三温度测量装置25所述待测试电池50的温度，进而计算出所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热率。与传统技术中的设备通过氧耗法计算放热率相比，本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验***1对电池热失控过程中参数的计算更加准确。
本申请一个实施例提供一种电池热失控实验方法，包括：
S10，通过所述第一温度测量装置21测量所述第一气体通道300处的温度，得到第一温度；
S20，通过所述第二温度测量装置22测量所述第二气体通道500处的温度，得到第二温度；
S30，通过所述第三温度测量装置25测量所述待测试电池50的温度，得到第三温度；
S40，通过第一压力测量装置23测量所述第一气体通道300处的压力，得到第一压力；
S50，通过第二压力测量装置24测量所述第二气体通道500处的压力，得到第二压力；
S60，所述数据分析装置30根据所述第一温度、所述第二温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力计算电池热失控过程的放热率。
所述气泵400通过所述第一气体通道300向所述箱体100内注入空气，所述第二气体通道500排出空气。同时，通过所述加热装置200对待测试电池50加热，直至所述待测试电池50发生热失控。通过所述第一温度测量装置21、所述第二温度测量装置22、所述第一压力测量装置23和所述第二压力测量装置24分别对所述第一气体通道300气体流入处和所述第二气体通道500气体流出处的温度和压力进行测量，得到所述第一温度、所述第二温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力。同时，所述第三温度测量装置25测量所述待测试电池50的表面中心温度，得到所述第三温度。
在一个实施例中，根据下述公式计算所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热功率：
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000006
其中，P battery是所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热功率。c p-air是空气的等压比热容，单位为J/kg.K。ρ air_in是所述第一气体通道300处气体的密度，单位为kg/m 3。ρ air_out是所述第二气体通道500处气体的密度，单位为kg/m 3。
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000007
是所述第一气体通道300处的流量，单位m 3/s。
Figure PCTCN2018114947-appb-000008
是所述第二气体通道500的流量，单位m 3/s。T out是所述第二温度，单位为K。T in是所述第一温度，单位为K。P heater是所述加热装置200的功率。P released是所述箱体100的散热功率，单位为J/s。c p-battary是所述待测试电池50的等压比热容，单位是J/kg.K。m b是所述待测试电池50的质量。T b是所述第三温度。V in是所述第一气体通道300流入的气体的体积。V out是所述第二气体通道500流入的气体的体积。d in是所述第一气体通道300的截面积。d out是所述第二气体通道500的截面积。t是通过所述第一气体通道300注入空气，通过所述第二气体通道500流出空气的时间。P in是所述第一气体通道的压力。P out是所述第二气体通道500的压力。
其中，c p-air已知，在所述待测试电池50固定的情况下，c p-battary和m b已知。在所述加热装置200固定的情况下，P heater和P released已知。在所述第一气体通道300和所述第二气体通道500固定的情况下，d in、d out已知。t可以通过计时器等记录得知。
通过以上公式可以计算得到所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热功率。对所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热功率进行积分，即可得到所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热率。
本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验方法，通过所述第一温度测量装置21、所述第二温度测量装置22、第三温度测量装置25、所述第一压力测量装置23和所述第二压力测量装置24分别对所述第一气体通道300气体流入处和所述第二气体通道500气体流出处的温度和压力进行测量，得到所述第一温度、所述第二温度、第三温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力。根据所述第一温度、所述第二温度、第三温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力计算得出所述待测试电池50在热失控过程中的放热率。与传统技术中通过氧耗法计算放热率相比，本申请实施例提供的所述电池热失控实验方法对电池热失控过程中放热率的计算更加准确。
需要说明的是，本申请提供的所述电池热失控实验装置10、***1和方法除了可以测试所述待测试电池50热失控过程中的放热率之外，还可以测试热失控过程中所述待测试电池50的温度、压力和喷气量等其他参数。具体的，可以根据实际需求进行选择使用。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，包括：
    箱体(100)；
    加热装置(200)，设置于所述箱体(100)内，用于产生热量；
    第一气体通道(300)，与所述箱体(100)连通，用于气体的流通；以及
    气泵(400)，通过所述第一气体通道(300)与所述箱体(100)连接，用于向所述箱体(100)充入气体或从所述箱体(100)中抽出气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二气体通道(500)，与所述箱体(100)连通，用于气体的流通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述第二气体通道(500)包括阀门(510)，设置于所述第二气体通道(500)，用于控制所述第二气体通道(500)的开启和关闭。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，还包括安全阀(600)，设置于所述箱体(100)，用于泄压。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述加热装置(200)包括：
    均匀加热器(210)，设置于所述箱体(100)内；
    空气循环装置(220)，设置于所述箱体(100)内，与所述均匀加热器(210)间隔相对设置，用于改变所述箱体(100)内的空气流向，使得所述箱体(100)内热量均匀。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述均匀加热器(210)为面状结构。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，还包括局部加热装置(700)，与所述均匀加热器(210)间隔相对设置，所述均匀加热器(210)设置于所述空气循环装置(220)和所述局部加热装置(700)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池热失控装置(10)，其特征在于，所述局部加热装置(700)的体积小于预设阈值。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述局部加热装置(700)包括：
    局部加热器(710)；
    导热体(720)，与所述局部加热器(710)贴合设置，所述导热体(720)与所述均匀 加热器(210)间隔相对设置。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述导热体(720)远离所述均匀加热器(210)的表面为弧形结构。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述局部加热装置(700)还包括：
    导轨(730)，设置于所述箱体(100)内；
    连接杆(740)，设置于所述箱体(100)内，所述连接杆(740)连接于所述导轨(730)和所述导热体(720)之间，所述连接杆(740)与所述导轨(730)滑动连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述箱体(100)包括密封门(110)，所述密封门(100)设置于所述箱体(100)一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，所述密封门(110)包括观察窗(111)，所述观察窗(111)设置于所述密封门(110)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，还包括：
    图像采集装置(60)，设置于所述观察窗(111)。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，还包括：
    电池支架(51)，设置于所述箱体内；
    盛放盘(52)，设置于所述电池支架(51)；
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)，其特征在于，还包括：
    防护罩(53)，罩设于所述盛放盘(52)。
  17. 一种电池热失控实验***(1)，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求2所述的电池热失控实验装置(10)；
    测量装置(20)，与所述电池热失控实验装置(10)连接，用于测量数据；
    数据分析装置(30)，与所述测量装置(20)连接，用于获取所述测量装置(20)测量的数据，并进行分析处理。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池热失控实验***(1)，其特征在于，所述测量装置(20)包括：
    第一温度测量装置(21)，设置于所述第一气体通道(300)，用于测量所述第一气体通道(300)处的温度；
    第二温度测量装置(22)，设置于所述第二气体通道(500)，用于测量所述第二气体通道(500)处的温度；
    第三温度测量装置(25)，设置于待测试电池(50)表面中心，用于测量所述待测试 电池(50)的温度；
    第一压力测量装置(23)，设置于所述第一气体通道(300)，用于测量所述第一气体通道(300)处的压力；
    第二压力测量装置(24)设置于所述第二气体通道(500)，用于测量所述第二气体通道(500)处的压力。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的电池热失控实验***(1)，其特征在于，还包括显示装置(40)，与所述数据分析装置(30)连接，用于显示数据分析处理结果。
  20. 一种使用权利要求18所述的电池热失控实验***(1)进行的电池热失控实验方法，其特征在于，包括：
    S10，通过所述第一温度测量装置(21)测量所述第一气体通道(300)处的温度，得到第一温度；
    S20，通过所述第二温度测量装置(22)测量所述第二气体通道(500)处的温度，得到第二温度；
    S30，通过所述第三温度测量装置(25)测量所述待测试电池(50)的温度，得到第三温度；
    S40，通过第一压力测量装置(23)测量所述第一气体通道(300)处的压力，得到第一压力；
    S50，通过第二压力测量装置(24)测量所述第二气体通道(500)处的压力，得到第二压力；
    S60，所述数据分析装置(30)根据所述第一温度、所述第二温度、所述第三温度、所述第一压力和所述第二压力计算电池热失控过程的放热率。
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