WO2020017451A1 - Isolated cell specimen, production method for isolated cell specimen, and detection method for cell of interest - Google Patents

Isolated cell specimen, production method for isolated cell specimen, and detection method for cell of interest Download PDF

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WO2020017451A1
WO2020017451A1 PCT/JP2019/027690 JP2019027690W WO2020017451A1 WO 2020017451 A1 WO2020017451 A1 WO 2020017451A1 JP 2019027690 W JP2019027690 W JP 2019027690W WO 2020017451 A1 WO2020017451 A1 WO 2020017451A1
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cells
flat substrate
cell
isolated cell
average thickness
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PCT/JP2019/027690
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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和昭 梶本
宗明 橋本
正俊 片岡
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国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所
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Priority to JP2020531289A priority Critical patent/JP7153365B2/en
Publication of WO2020017451A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020017451A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers

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  • the present invention relates to an isolated cell specimen, a method for producing an isolated cell specimen, and a method for detecting a target cell.
  • target cells to be detected for example, cells having a specific substance, cells producing a specific substance, cells infected with a pathogenic bacterium, etc.
  • detection techniques are very important for experiments and diagnostics in order to confirm the presence or absence.
  • Such cells include circulating cancer cells (Circulating Tumor Cells, also referred to as "CTC").
  • CTC circulating Tumor Cells
  • the ratio is 10 ml of blood. The number is several to several thousand for about 50 million leukocytes contained.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a technique in which a cell sample is put into a microarray chip and circulating cancer cells are detected by immunostaining.
  • the immunostaining method is a technique for detecting cells by detecting an antigen of the cell to be detected by using an antibody corresponding to the antigen to bind the antigen by an antigen-antibody reaction.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 requires a special microarray chip and lacks simplicity. Therefore, there is a need for a technique that can more easily detect target cells.
  • Patent Document 1 As a simpler method, there is a method of immobilizing a cell sample on a slide glass or the like and subjecting the cell sample to immunostaining (Patent Document 1 etc.).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an isolated cell specimen which is suitable for immunostaining and the like and can be easily stored and transported before being subjected to the immunostaining and the like.
  • the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by an isolated cell specimen in which the average thickness of the observation target cell is adjusted to satisfy a predetermined condition, and have completed the present invention.
  • the present invention includes the following embodiments.
  • ⁇ 2> The isolated cell specimen according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the observation target cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • ⁇ 3> The isolated cell specimen according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate on which the observation target cells are arranged is 10 ° or less at 25 ° C.
  • ⁇ 4> a developing step of developing the observation target cell-containing liquid on a flat substrate; After the developing step, a cell removing step of removing cells not attached to the surface of the flat substrate, After the cell removing step, the flat substrate, a drying step of naturally drying until liquid substantially does not exist on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged, A method for producing an isolated cell specimen, which is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • ⁇ 6> The production method according to ⁇ 4> or ⁇ 5>, wherein in the cell removing step, cells are removed using water or an aqueous solution, and the specific resistance of the water or the aqueous solution is 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. .
  • a method for detecting a target cell comprising a step of subjecting the isolated cell specimen according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3> to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • observation target cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the target cells are circulating cancer cells.
  • an isolated cell specimen which is suitable for immunostaining or the like and which can be easily stored or transferred before being subjected to immunostaining or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method for producing an isolated cell specimen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an arrangement of cells in a process of manufacturing an isolated cell specimen.
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing the measurement results of the amount of water on the surface of the isolated cell specimen of Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Example 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 2.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 3.
  • FIG. 14 is a view showing a result of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 4.
  • FIG. 14 is a view showing a result of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 5.
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is an isolated cell specimen in which cells to be observed are attached to the surface of a flat substrate, and substantially no liquid is present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged.
  • This is an isolated cell specimen in which the average thickness of target cells satisfies the following formula (1) and is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • T / tw 0.95 Equation (1)
  • t represents the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate
  • tw represents the average thickness of cells of the same type as the cells to be observed which have not been subjected to the drying step and which have adhered to the surface of the flat substrate.
  • observation target cells In the isolated cell specimen of the present invention, cells adhere to the surface of the flat substrate. These cells are targets to be prepared and observed as a specimen, and are referred to as “observation target cells” in the present invention.
  • the “observation target cell” refers to a cell group including a plurality of cells of the same type or different types.
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is characterized in that the average thickness of the observation target cell satisfies the formula (1).
  • the expression (1) is obtained by calculating (t / tw), that is, the average thickness (t) of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate, to the observation target that has not been subjected to the drying step and has been attached to the surface of the flat substrate.
  • the value obtained by dividing by the average thickness (tw) of cells of the same kind as the cells is 0.95 or more. This equation indicates that the average thickness of the observation target cell is slightly smaller than the original average thickness of the same type of cells held under wet conditions, that is, the original average thickness of the observation target cell, Mean equivalent to the average thickness.
  • T (t / tw) decreases when cells are excessively dried.
  • the small (t / tw) means that the cells do not have the original thickness, size, shape, etc. (for example, the cells are flat) and cannot be used for various stainings and various detections. Means However, as a result of the investigations by the present inventors, when the surface of the flat substrate is dried so that the average thickness of the observation target cells satisfies the formula (1), the substrate is not a wet system. It has been surprisingly found that cells maintain their original thickness and the like, and can realize immunostaining properties equal to or higher than that of a wet system.
  • Such an isolated cell specimen can have good staining efficiency without performing a membrane permeation treatment (treatment with saponin or the like) which is usually required for detection of intracellular antigens.
  • a membrane permeation treatment treatment with saponin or the like
  • Such an isolated cell specimen has a feature that conventional immunostaining samples do not have, which is extremely easy to store and transfer before being subjected to immunostaining.
  • substantially no liquid is present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged means that there is no liquid that can be visually observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. I do.
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention it is not excluded that a small amount of liquid exists on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged.
  • the liquid include any liquid that can retain the structure of cells and the like, such as a buffer solution, water, and a medium. Note that the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate contain sufficient moisture to satisfy the expression (1).
  • Whether or not liquid is substantially not present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged can be determined by the following method.
  • (1) The moisture content on the surface of the flat substrate at an arbitrary time point was measured at 25 ° C. and 50% relative humidity using an infrared moisture meter (for example, “Fiber Infrared Moisture Analyzer IM-3SCV MODEL-2000”, manufactured by Fuji Work Co., Ltd.). It measures under the conditions of.
  • the moisture content is output as an IM-D value (unit: mV) which is an output value of the moisture meter corresponding to the moisture content.
  • Flat substrate examples include a substrate having an arbitrary material and an arbitrary shape, which is usually used in cell observation.
  • “flat” means that the substrate has a surface that is smooth enough to allow cells to adhere to the substrate, and an aspect in which a part of the surface of the substrate has unevenness is not excluded.
  • the material of the flat substrate is not particularly limited.
  • the flat substrate is preferably formed from a transparent material.
  • the transparent material include various glasses and various resins (a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and the like).
  • thermoplastic resin examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylate polymer, methacrylate polymer, cyclic olefin copolymer (such as norbornene), and aromatic polyesters (such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate). , Polycarbonate, polyamide and the like.
  • thermosetting resin examples include a silicone resin (such as one having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton), a phenol resin, a melamine resin, and an epoxy resin.
  • polystyrene, methacrylate polymer, cyclic olefin copolymer, and silicone resin are preferable.
  • the size of the flat substrate is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the isolated cell specimen, an apparatus for observing the observation target cell, and the like.
  • the surface on which the observation target cells are arranged is preferably hydrophilic from the viewpoint that the observation target cell-containing liquid can be easily spread on the flat substrate.
  • the contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells to be observed are arranged is preferably 10 ° or less at 25 ° C., more preferably 5 ° or less.
  • the surface of the flat substrate is not hydrophilic
  • the surface can be subjected to a surface treatment (hydrophilization treatment) as necessary.
  • a surface treatment hydrophilization treatment
  • Any method can be adopted as the surface treatment method, and examples include plasma treatment, ultraviolet treatment, electron beam treatment, corona discharge treatment, and ozone treatment. Of these, plasma treatment is preferred, and oxygen plasma treatment is particularly preferred.
  • the contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate is measured using the ⁇ / 2 method.
  • the ⁇ / 2 method is to determine the angle of the straight line connecting the left and right end points and the vertices of the droplet dropped on the surface of the flat substrate to the flat substrate surface, and specify the value obtained by doubling the angle as the contact angle.
  • distilled water for example, 1 to 2 ⁇ l
  • a plurality of different points for example, 5 or more
  • each of the dropped droplets is dropped. May be determined, and the average of the obtained values may be treated as the contact angle of water.
  • the contact angle may be specified using a contact angle meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.).
  • the observation target cell is a cell that adheres to the surface of the flat substrate and is a target of cell observation.
  • the type of the observation target cell is not particularly limited.
  • preferred cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (also called PBMC).
  • the cells whose average thickness is specified may be of the same type as each other and may be derived from the same individual, but may be derived from the same individual. It is not necessary. However, it is preferably derived from the same species of organism. For example, when t is the average thickness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tw also means the average thickness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • Tw may be a predetermined numerical value according to the type of cell.
  • the tw of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell can be about 15 ⁇ m.
  • the lower limit of t of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is at least 14.2 ⁇ m (ie, (t / tw) ⁇ 0.95), preferably at least 14.4 ⁇ m (ie, (t / tw) ⁇ 0.96). ), More preferably 14.5 ⁇ m or more (that is, (t / tw) ⁇ 0.97).
  • the upper limit of t of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell sphere is about 15.7 ⁇ m in consideration of the dispersion of measurement results and individual differences.
  • the observation target cell may be in any mode usually used for cell observation.
  • the observation target cell may be one isolated from a tissue (epithelium or the like) or a body fluid (blood or the like) by a known method.
  • the method for isolating the cells to be observed is not particularly limited as long as the original size and shape of the cells are not impaired, and examples thereof include centrifugation (density gradient centrifugation, etc.) and methods using reagents.
  • the observation target cell in the present invention is an isolated cell, and thus does not include aspects such as a tissue section.
  • Separation solution can be used in density gradient centrifugation.
  • the separation solution include a lymphocyte separation solution.
  • the separation solution is usually used by being layered on a blood sample. In such a case, a reagent or the like having a density adjusted to 1.077 g / ml can be used as the separation solution.
  • a separation solution For example, by using a separation solution, most of red blood cells, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and platelets contained in whole blood can be removed. As a result, it is possible to obtain a mononuclear cell fraction mainly composed of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, which are a part of leukocytes.
  • T cells lymphocytes
  • B cells NK cells
  • monocytes which are a part of leukocytes.
  • commercially available separation solutions include, for example, “LymphoPrep” (manufactured by Alere Technologies Inc.), “[email protected]” (manufactured by Alere Technologies Inc.), and “OptiPrep” (manufactured by AlereTechnologies Inc.) “Histopaque @ 1077” (Sigma-Aldrich), trade name “Ficoll-Paque” (GE Healthcare) and the like.
  • OptiPrep it is necessary to adjust the solution density to 1.077 g / ml by mixing an appropriate amount of a reagent and a medium in advance.
  • the observation target cells preferably include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the “average cell thickness” refers to immunostaining (fluorescence staining) an isolated cell specimen in which cells are attached (usually in a single layer) to a smooth surface of a flat substrate using a fluorescently labeled antibody. ) Is a value obtained by analyzing the fluorescence image under the fluorescence microscope observation using image analysis software.
  • FIG. 1 shows an outline of the method for measuring the average thickness of cells.
  • an isolated cell specimen to which cells whose average thickness is to be specified is set horizontally on an observation table of a fluorescence microscope.
  • the visual field is fixed while keeping the focus on the substrate surface to which the cells are attached, and the objective lens is moved upward (in the Z-axis direction) every 1.05 ⁇ m to acquire a fluorescent image.
  • the acquired images are analyzed using image analysis software (Image @ J, Ver1.52a, NIH, https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/), and the average fluorescence signal intensity of each image is calculated.
  • the distance from the lower end of the cell (substrate surface) to the upper end of the cell is obtained by plotting the intensity of the fluorescent signal with respect to the distance in the Z-axis direction (the method of specifying the upper end of the cell from the plot will be described later with reference to FIG. 2). Do).
  • This distance corresponds to the average thickness of the cells.
  • the average thickness of the cells measured by this method is calculated based on the sum of the average fluorescence signal intensities of the cells contained in the isolated cell specimen. Therefore, this method has an advantage that the obtained result is hardly affected by variations in the size of individual cells, individual differences among cell sample providers, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a plot of the fluorescence signal intensity versus distance in the Z-axis direction used to determine the average thickness of the cells.
  • the lower end of the cell (substrate surface) is specified as a point where the value of the Z axis is “0 ⁇ m”.
  • the upper end of the cell is specified as the point having the minimum value that satisfies all of the following relationships among the points counted from the lower end of the cell (substrate surface) in the plot.
  • the average thickness of the cells arranged in a single layer on the flat substrate of the present invention satisfies the following expression (1).
  • T / tw 0.95 Equation (1)
  • t represents the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate
  • tw represents the average thickness of cells of the same type as the cells to be observed which have not been subjected to the drying step and which have adhered to the surface of the flat substrate.
  • ⁇ t is specified by obtaining the average thickness of the cells by the above-described method for the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate of the isolated cell specimen.
  • Tw is specified by calculating the average thickness of the cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate and not subjected to the drying step and of the same kind as the cells to be observed, by the above method.
  • the flat substrate for specifying tw is not particularly limited as long as cells can be attached to the smooth surface thereof, but is preferably the same material as the flat substrate for specifying the corresponding t.
  • "the cell has not undergone the drying step” means that the cell is held only in water or an aqueous buffer solution (phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or the like), and the cell has its original size and structure. Means to keep When specifying tw, the measurement is performed while the cells are maintained in a wet system.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • a method for maintaining the cells in a wet system for example, a method in which a frame is provided on a substrate, and a liquid (water or an aqueous buffer (PBS or the like)) which does not affect the structure of the cells is placed in the frame.
  • a liquid water or an aqueous buffer (PBS or the like)
  • tw can be specified by maintaining a part of the cells to be observed in a wet system and calculating the average thickness of the cells using this.
  • Tw in any isolated cell preparation can be specified as follows. (1) The type and origin of the cells attached to the isolated cell specimen are identified by microscopic observation or the like. (2) Obtain cells of the same type as the cells specified in (1) above. (3) The cells obtained in the above (2) are attached to the surface of a flat substrate, and tw is specified while maintaining the cells in a wet system.
  • the lower limit of (t / tw) is preferably (t / tw) ⁇ 0.96, more preferably (t / tw) ⁇ 0.97.
  • (t / tw) is less than 0.95, it usually indicates a state in which the water in the cells is lost due to drying or the like in the process of preparing the specimen, and the cells to be observed are atrophied.
  • the upper limit of (t / tw) is usually 1 as understood from the definition of (t / tw). However, the value may be about 1.05.
  • Expression (1) is an index of whether the observation target cell maintains the original structure. For example, when cells are dried, for example, when immunostaining is performed using an antibody, the membrane structure of the cells is destroyed by the drying, and the cells may not be able to maintain the original structure. As a result, the localization of the protein to be detected changes, and an accurate result may not be obtained. Usually, the thickness and the size of a dried cell become smaller due to the loss of water. Therefore, the equation (1) based on the original thickness (tw) of the cell is used to specify a change in the size of the observation target cell. It is effective for
  • the observation target cells be arranged as densely as possible on a flat substrate.
  • the density of cells arranged in a single layer on a flat substrate is preferably 4000 to 12000 cells / mm 2 , more preferably 6000 to 10000 cells / mm 2 , and still more preferably 7000 to 9000 cells / mm 2 .
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention can be used for any other purpose for observing cells.
  • the following method is known as a conventional immunostaining method (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
  • the cells diluted with the liquid medium are dropped on the surface of the substrate, and then the substrate is washed with the liquid medium, so that the cells are arranged in a single layer on the surface of the substrate.
  • the cells are subjected to immunostaining using an antibody in the presence of a liquid medium, and microscopic observation is performed. And all of these steps need to be performed in a wet system to avoid drying of the cells. This is because when the cells are dried, the structure of the cells may change, and accurate results may not be obtained. Therefore, in the conventional immunostaining method, it was difficult to stably store and transfer the observation cell sample before being subjected to immunostaining.
  • the cells attached to the substrate retain the water and maintain the original structure of the cells, and the liquid (such as a medium or a medium) is placed on the surface of the flat substrate where the cells are arranged. Buffer).
  • the isolated cell specimen is stably stored for a desired period of time (for example, one day or more) or the isolated cell specimen is transferred to a remote place until immunostaining is performed. be able to.
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is subjected to immunostaining, a known method can be appropriately selected, and an antibody and conditions corresponding to the marker or the like to be detected can be used.
  • any fluorescent dye can be used, and for example, DAPI (4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and the like can be mentioned.
  • the method for producing an isolated cell specimen according to the present invention includes a developing step of developing the observation target cell-containing liquid on the flat substrate, and a cell removing step of removing cells that do not adhere to the surface of the flat substrate after the developing step. After the step of removing the cells, a drying step of naturally drying the flat substrate is performed, and the obtained isolated cell specimen is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the method for preparing an isolated cell specimen of the present invention. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
  • a flat substrate is prepared, and a hydrophilic treatment such as an oxygen plasma treatment is performed as necessary.
  • the liquid containing the cells to be observed is developed on a flat substrate.
  • a method of developing the observation target cell-containing liquid any method that can be arranged on the flat substrate without destroying the cells can be adopted.
  • a method of dropping the liquid on the surface of a flat substrate using a micropipette or the like may be used.
  • the observation target cell-containing liquid include a cell-containing fraction such as a mononuclear cell fraction, and a dilution thereof.
  • the developed liquid containing the cells to be observed spreads on the surface of the flat substrate, and observation over a wide range is possible.
  • various aqueous buffers such as PBS
  • pure water can be used as a liquid medium for diluting the cells.
  • the cell concentration is not particularly limited, but is preferably a concentration at which the cells on the substrate are not excessively layered.
  • the cell concentration is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml, more preferably 2 ⁇ 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml.
  • Cells arranged on a flat substrate are not usually arranged in a single layer, but are arranged in a partially laminated state. In this state, the cells that are in direct contact with the surface of the flat substrate are bonded to the surface of the flat substrate by physical adsorption. That is, in the developing step, at least a part of the observation target cells arranged on the substrate surface adheres to the surface of the flat substrate.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the stacked cells after the developing step and the state of the cells arranged in a single layer after the cell removing step.
  • the method for removing cells that have not adhered to the surface of the flat substrate is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of preventing cell damage, a method of bringing a liquid into contact with the substrate is preferable.
  • a method of immersing the plate-like substrate in a container containing a cell-removing liquid, a method of pouring the removing liquid over the surface of the plate-like substrate, and the like can be mentioned.
  • the liquid for removing cells is preferably water or an aqueous solution.
  • the lower limit of the specific resistance value of water or the aqueous solution is preferably 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and further preferably 10 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. If the specific resistance value of water or the aqueous solution is less than 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the content of the ionic substance in the cell removing liquid increases, solutes precipitate in the drying step described below, or the solutes are observed with a microscope. May interfere.
  • the upper limit of the specific resistance value of water or the aqueous solution is preferably 100 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
  • aqueous solution having a specific resistance value within the above range examples include a liquid medium, tap water (15 to 16 k ⁇ ⁇ m), and various buffers (phosphate buffered saline (62 to 63 ⁇ ⁇ m), etc.).
  • water having a specific resistance value of 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and containing almost no ionic substance is preferable since it is hardly affected by precipitation in a drying step to be described later or microscopic observation. It is more preferable to use pure water having a resistance value of 10 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
  • the flat substrate is dried until substantially no liquid is present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged.
  • the amount of liquid on the surface of the flat substrate can be reduced by the drying process. Thereby, the observation target cell can be arranged on the substrate in a state where the liquid is not substantially present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged.
  • Natural drying means drying at a temperature around room temperature (eg, 1 to 40 ° C.).
  • the method of drying is not particularly limited as long as the sample can be exposed to a temperature around room temperature.
  • Temperature conditions for natural drying can be adjusted according to the length of drying time and the like.
  • the temperature condition of the natural drying may be in the range of room temperature, for example, preferably 1 to 40 ° C, more preferably 10 to 30 ° C, still more preferably 15 to 29 ° C, and still more preferably 20 to 29 ° C.
  • the temperature is 28 ° C., most preferably 22 to 24 ° C. (around 23 ° C.). If the temperature is too high, drying of the cells proceeds, and the membrane structure of the cells is destroyed, the original structure cannot be maintained, and the subsequent observation may be affected. If the temperature is too low, the drying time may be too long.
  • the relative humidity is preferably 10 to 70%, more preferably 20 to 60%, and further preferably 20 to 50%.
  • the pressure condition for natural drying is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 atm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 atm, and still more preferably 1 atm.
  • the time for natural drying is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 35 minutes or more, further preferably 50 minutes or more, and still more preferably 1 hour or more. Although there is no problem if the time for natural drying is longer, it is usually preferably 100 hours or less, more preferably 90 hours or less, and still more preferably 80 hours or less from the viewpoint of work efficiency.
  • the wind speed condition for natural drying may be 0.0 to 1.0 m / sec. The higher the wind speed, the shorter the drying time may be.
  • the average thickness of the observation target cells satisfies the following expression (2).
  • T ′ / tw ′ 0.95 Equation (2)
  • t ′ represents the average thickness of the observation target cells after the drying step, which adhered to the surface of the flat substrate
  • tw ′ represents the average thickness of the observation target cells before the drying step, which adhered to the surface of the flat substrate.
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is obtained. This isolated cell specimen is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • the isolated cell specimen obtained as described above is subjected to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining. If necessary, the isolated cell specimen of the present invention can be subjected to various analyzes by methods other than immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • the isolated cell specimen obtained as described above has good immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • "good immunostaining and / or nuclear staining" means that the stained cells can maintain their original structure and have sufficient signal intensity by staining for detection. .
  • the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is obtained.
  • the obtained isolated cell specimen is subjected to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  • any conditions can be adopted according to the type of the target cell, and examples thereof include a method using a fluorescently labeled antibody and the like.
  • the method of nuclear staining any conditions can be adopted according to the type of the target cell, and examples thereof include a method using DAPI or the like.
  • the target cells include circulating cancer cells. When the target cells are circulating cancer cells, the observation target cells preferably include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • EpCAM a surface marker of epithelial cells
  • Cytokeratin an intracellular protein marker of epithelial cells
  • EpCAM-positive, Cytokeratin-positive, and CD45-negative cells can be narrowed down by simultaneously performing staining using an antibody against CD45 (a surface marker of leukocytes) in order to avoid false positives due to nonspecific adsorption of antibody molecules.
  • DAPI nuclear staining is performed on the cells selected as candidates for circulating cancer cells by these antibody stainings to evaluate the normality of the nuclear structure, which may lead to cancer metastasis or recurrence. Can identify the presence of high cancer cells.
  • Detection and analysis of target cells using a fluorescence microscope etc. are performed on the isolated cell specimens subjected to the staining described above, and the results of these stainings / observations are comprehensively evaluated. It is determined whether or not contains circulating cancer cells.
  • When immunostaining is performed on the isolated cell specimen obtained by the production method of the present invention, it is not necessary to perform the membrane permeation treatment. However, in the present invention, an embodiment in which a membrane permeation treatment is performed at the time of immunostaining is not excluded. In normal immunostaining, when the target to be stained is not the cell surface (for example, when cytokeratin antibody targeting intracellular proteins or DAPI targeting cell nuclei is used), a membrane using saponin or the like is used. It is necessary to perform transmission processing. That is, in order to obtain intracellular information, a membrane permeation treatment is usually required as a pretreatment. On the other hand, the isolated cell specimen obtained by the production method of the present invention can be stained without performing such a membrane permeation treatment, and can greatly contribute to simplification and efficiency of the inspection process.
  • ⁇ Test 1 Examination of various isolated cell specimens> Based on the following method, isolated cell specimens were prepared under various conditions, and examination efficiency was examined.
  • Example 1 An isolated cell specimen was prepared according to the following procedure and stained.
  • lung cancer cells were used as a circulating cancer cell model, and a cell group containing a small number of these cells was prepared as cells to be observed.
  • human lung cancer cells H1650
  • human leukemia cells CEM
  • the cell concentration was 3.33 ⁇ 10 3
  • a cell-containing solution to be observed at 6 cells / ml was prepared.
  • Development Step 3 ml of the cell-containing solution to be observed was dropped on the flat substrate using a micropipette. After the dropping, the observation target cell-containing liquid spread over almost the entire surface of the substrate.
  • the water content on the surface of the flat substrate was measured at 25 ° C. and 50% relative humidity. Was measured over time, and it was confirmed that there was no liquid on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged by natural drying for 50 minutes (FIG. 5).
  • Z-stack observation (using a 20 ⁇ objective lens, using Interval: 1.05 ⁇ m) was performed using a confocal laser scanning microscope (trade name “FV-3000”, manufactured by Olympus Corporation). Based on the strength, the average thickness of the observation target cells on the flat substrate was measured.
  • the obtained isolated cell specimen was subjected to immunostaining and nuclear staining by the following method.
  • EpCAM a surface marker for epithelial cells
  • Cytokeratin an intracellular protein marker for epithelial cells
  • CD45 a surface marker for leukocytes
  • Anti-EpCAM antibody trade name “Alexa488-labeled anti-EpCAM antibody”, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 50-fold diluted anti-cytokeratin antibody: PE-labeled anti-cytokeratin antibody, 50-fold diluted anti-CD45 antibody: trade name “Alexa 647-labeled anti-CD45 antibody” ”, 30-fold dilution DAPI: 2 ⁇ g / ml
  • Staining method 3 ml of the staining solution was developed so as to be in contact with the cells on the surface of each specimen, and staining was performed at room temperature under light shielding for 1 hour. Next, after removing excess staining solution by decantation, each specimen was immersed in PBS and washed.
  • Comparative Example 1 In the drying step, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that hot air was blown from a distance of 1.5 cm for 10 seconds using a 1200 W dryer instead of natural drying, and the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 1 was dried. Was prepared. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged.
  • Comparative Example 2 In the drying step, an isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hot air was blown from a distance of 10 cm for 30 seconds using a 1200 W dryer instead of natural drying. did. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged.
  • Comparative Example 3 In the drying step, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that cold air was blown from a distance of 1.5 cm for 50 seconds using a 1200 W dryer instead of natural drying, and the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 3 was dried. Was prepared. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged.
  • Example 4 (Comparative Example 4) Using the same plate-like substrate as in Example 1, an acrylic frame (2 mm in width and 2 mm in height) for holding the liquid was fixed to the peripheral portion on the plate-like substrate by an adhesive. Observation target cells were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. After disposing the observation target cells on the substrate, the staining and observation described below were performed while the observation target cells were always kept in the buffer.
  • Comparative Example 5 The same operation as in Comparative Example 4 was performed, except that a membrane permeation treatment using a conventional saponin was performed before the staining step described below.
  • Table 1 shows the evaluation results. 6 to 11 show the results of immunostaining and nuclear staining.
  • (t / tw) was specified as follows. That is, the thickness of the cell of Comparative Example 4 was treated as (tw).
  • (T / tw) “Average thickness of observation target cell adhered to surface of flat substrate (t)” / “average thickness of observation cell adhered to surface of flat substrate of Comparative Example 4 (tw) "
  • Example 1 (FIG. 6) is a specimen in which the average thickness of the cells to be observed is in an appropriate range and the liquid is not substantially present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. In this specimen, four types of markers for identifying circulating cancer cells could be clearly detected, and the cell density on the specimen was dense.
  • Comparative Example 1 (FIG. 7) and Comparative Example 2 (FIG. 8) are samples prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hot air drying was performed.
  • the average thickness of the cells to be observed attached to the surface of the flat substrate becomes flat within a specified range, the cells do not maintain their original structure, and the staining property with the CD45 antibody is remarkable. Dropped.
  • the cell density on the specimen was also low (bad).
  • the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate was equal to or less than the specified range. It became flat and the staining with the CD45 antibody was significantly reduced.
  • Comparative Example 4 (FIG. 10) and Comparative Example 5 (FIG. 11) show the results of staining the specimen in the same manner as commonly performed immunostaining.
  • all operations were performed in a buffer solution throughout, so the average thickness of the cells maintained the original thickness and was within an appropriate range, but the surface of the flat substrate was This is a specimen in which a liquid having a liquid level significantly exceeding the average thickness of the attached observation target cells coexists.
  • Comparative Example 4 was a sample that was not subjected to membrane permeation treatment with saponin, and could not be stained with Cytokeratin antibody and DAPI.
  • the membrane permeation treatment with saponin was performed by a conventional method, and four types of markers for identifying circulating cancer cells could be detected, and the cell density on the sample was high. there were.
  • Example 1 is a comparative example which is a general test method in that it has excellent staining properties with the CD45 antibody, and that nuclear staining of DAPI or the like can be performed without membrane permeation treatment and inspection efficiency is high. Excellent for 4.
  • the method of the present invention is also excellent in inspection efficiency in that cells can be stably arranged in a single layer on a flat substrate.
  • ⁇ Test 2 Examination of natural drying conditions> Four isolated cell specimens were prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 of Test 1 except that the time for air drying was changed within the range of 1 to 72 hours.

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Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an isolated cell specimen that is suitable for immunostaining, etc., and is easy to store and transport before being subjected to immunostaining, etc. The present invention provides an isolated cell specimen in which cells to be observed are adhering to the surface of a planar base plate, wherein substantially no liquid exists on the surface of the planar base plate on which the cells are disposed, the average thickness of the cells to be observed satisfies formula (1), and the isolated cell specimen is used in immunostaining and/or nuclear staining. (1): (t/tw) ≥ 0.95 (in formula (1), t represents the average thickness of the cells to be observed that are adhering to the surface of the planar base plate, and tw represents the average thickness of cells that are of the same type as the cells to be observed, that are adhered to the surface of the planar base plate, and that have not been subjected to a drying step).

Description

単離細胞標本、単離細胞標本の製造方法、及び目的細胞の検出方法Isolated cell specimen, method for producing isolated cell specimen, and method for detecting target cell
 本発明は、単離細胞標本、単離細胞標本の製造方法、及び目的細胞の検出方法に関する。 (4) The present invention relates to an isolated cell specimen, a method for producing an isolated cell specimen, and a method for detecting a target cell.
 多岐にわたる分野において、様々な種類の複数の細胞が含まれる試料から特定の細胞のみを検出する技術に対するニーズがある。特に、医学及び薬学の関連分野での研究開発及び臨床の現場においては、検出しようとする目的細胞(例えば、特定の物質を有する細胞、特定の物質を産生する細胞、病原菌に感染した細胞等)の有無を確認するために、このような検出技術が実験や診断のために非常に重要である。 に お い て In a wide variety of fields, there is a need for a technique for detecting only specific cells from a sample containing a plurality of cells of various types. Particularly, in research and development and clinical sites in the fields related to medicine and pharmacy, target cells to be detected (for example, cells having a specific substance, cells producing a specific substance, cells infected with a pathogenic bacterium, etc.) Such detection techniques are very important for experiments and diagnostics in order to confirm the presence or absence.
 しかし、試料中に微量しか含まれない細胞の検出は困難である。このような細胞として、循環がん細胞(Circulating Tumor Cells、「CTC」とも呼ばれる。)や、が挙げられる。通常、循環がん細胞等を検出するためには、血中の白血球を解析する必要があるが、循環がん細胞等が血中に存在する場合であっても、その割合は、血液10mlに含まれる白血球約5千万個に対し、数個から数千個である。 However, it is difficult to detect cells containing only a trace amount in the sample. Such cells include circulating cancer cells (Circulating Tumor Cells, also referred to as "CTC"). Usually, in order to detect circulating cancer cells, etc., it is necessary to analyze white blood cells in the blood, but even when circulating cancer cells, etc. are present in the blood, the ratio is 10 ml of blood. The number is several to several thousand for about 50 million leukocytes contained.
 非特許文献1では、マイクロアレイチップに細胞試料を入れ、免疫染色によって循環がん細胞を検出する技術が提案されている。免疫染色方法とは、検出しようとする細胞が有する抗原に対し、該抗原に対応した抗体を用いて、抗原抗体反応により結合させることで、該細胞を検出する手法である。 Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a technique in which a cell sample is put into a microarray chip and circulating cancer cells are detected by immunostaining. The immunostaining method is a technique for detecting cells by detecting an antigen of the cell to be detected by using an antibody corresponding to the antigen to bind the antigen by an antigen-antibody reaction.
 しかし、非特許文献1に記載された方法においては、特殊なマイクロアレイチップを要し、簡便さに欠けることから、より簡便に目的細胞を検出できる技術に対するニーズがある。 However, the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 requires a special microarray chip and lacks simplicity. Therefore, there is a need for a technique that can more easily detect target cells.
 より簡便な方法として、スライドガラス等に細胞試料を固相化し、これを免疫染色に供する方法が挙げられる(特許文献1等)。 As a simpler method, there is a method of immobilizing a cell sample on a slide glass or the like and subjecting the cell sample to immunostaining (Patent Document 1 etc.).
国際公開第2015/093116号WO 2015/093116
 しかし、免疫染色のためには、細胞試料が付着した単離細胞標本を乾燥させてはならないとされてきた。そのため、免疫染色される単離細胞標本は、免疫染色に供する前の保管や移送が困難であった。 However, for immunostaining, it has been argued that the isolated cell specimen to which the cell sample is attached must not be dried. Therefore, it was difficult to store and transfer the isolated cell specimen to be subjected to immunostaining before subjecting to immunostaining.
 本発明は、免疫染色等に適し、免疫染色等に供する前の保管や移送が容易な単離細胞標本を提供することを目的とする。 The object of the present invention is to provide an isolated cell specimen which is suitable for immunostaining and the like and can be easily stored and transported before being subjected to the immunostaining and the like.
 本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、観察対象細胞の平均厚さが所定条件を満たすように調整された単離細胞標本によれば上記課題を解決できる点を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は以下の態様を包含する。 As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by an isolated cell specimen in which the average thickness of the observation target cell is adjusted to satisfy a predetermined condition, and have completed the present invention. Was. That is, the present invention includes the following embodiments.
<1> 平板状基板の表面に観察対象細胞が付着した単離細胞標本であって、
 前記平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在せず、
 前記観察対象細胞の平均厚さが以下の式(1)を満たし、
 免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる、単離細胞標本。
 (t/tw)≧0.95  式(1)
(式(1)中、
 tは、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
 twは、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない前記観察対象細胞と同種の細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
<1> An isolated cell specimen having cells to be observed attached to the surface of a flat substrate,
Liquid is not substantially present on the surface of the plate-shaped substrate on which the cells are arranged,
The average thickness of the observation target cells satisfies the following equation (1);
An isolated cell specimen used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
(T / tw) ≧ 0.95 Equation (1)
(In equation (1),
t represents the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
tw represents an average thickness of cells of the same kind as the cells to be observed, which has not been subjected to the drying step and adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
<2> 前記観察対象細胞が末梢血単核細胞を含む、<1>に記載の単離細胞標本。 <2> The isolated cell specimen according to <1>, wherein the observation target cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
<3> 前記平板状基板の前記観察対象細胞が配置される表面における水の接触角が、25℃において10°以下である、<1>又は<2>に記載の単離細胞標本。 <3> The isolated cell specimen according to <1> or <2>, wherein the contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate on which the observation target cells are arranged is 10 ° or less at 25 ° C.
<4> 平板状基板上に観察対象細胞含有液を展開する展開工程と、
 前記展開工程の後、前記平板状基板の表面に付着していない細胞を除去する細胞除去工程と、
 前記細胞除去工程の後、前記平板状基板を、前記平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しなくなるまで自然乾燥する乾燥工程と、
を含む、免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる、単離細胞標本の製造方法。
<4> a developing step of developing the observation target cell-containing liquid on a flat substrate;
After the developing step, a cell removing step of removing cells not attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
After the cell removing step, the flat substrate, a drying step of naturally drying until liquid substantially does not exist on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged,
A method for producing an isolated cell specimen, which is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
<5> 前記乾燥工程の前後において、前記観察対象細胞の平均厚さが以下の式(2)を満たす、<4>に記載の単離細胞標本の製造方法。
 (t’/tw’)≧0.95  式(2)
(式(2)中、
 t’は、平板状基板の表面に付着した、前記乾燥工程後の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
 tw’は、平板状基板の表面に付着した、前記乾燥工程前の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
<5> The method for producing an isolated cell specimen according to <4>, wherein an average thickness of the cells to be observed satisfies the following expression (2) before and after the drying step.
(T ′ / tw ′) ≧ 0.95 Equation (2)
(In equation (2),
t ′ is the average thickness of the observation target cells after the drying step, which is attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
tw ′ represents the average thickness of the observation target cells before the drying step, which adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
<6> 前記細胞除去工程において、細胞の除去を水又は水溶液を用いて行い、前記水又は前記水溶液の比抵抗値が10Ω・cm以上である、<4>又は<5>に記載の製造方法。 <6> The production method according to <4> or <5>, wherein in the cell removing step, cells are removed using water or an aqueous solution, and the specific resistance of the water or the aqueous solution is 10 Ω · cm or more. .
<7> <1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の単離細胞標本に免疫染色及び/又は核染色を施す工程を含む、目的細胞の検出方法。 <7> A method for detecting a target cell, comprising a step of subjecting the isolated cell specimen according to any one of <1> to <3> to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
<8> 前記観察対象細胞が末梢血単核細胞を含み、かつ、前記目的細胞が循環がん細胞である、<7>に記載の検出方法。 <8> The detection method according to <7>, wherein the observation target cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the target cells are circulating cancer cells.
 本発明によれば、免疫染色等に適し、免疫染色等に供する前の保管や移送が容易な単離細胞標本を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an isolated cell specimen which is suitable for immunostaining or the like and which can be easily stored or transferred before being subjected to immunostaining or the like.
本発明における細胞の平均厚さの測定方法の概略を示す図である。It is a figure showing the outline of the measuring method of the average thickness of the cell in the present invention. 細胞の平均厚さを求めるための蛍光シグナルのプロット例である。It is an example of a plot of the fluorescence signal for calculating | requiring the average thickness of a cell. 本発明の単離細胞標本の製造方法の概略を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method for producing an isolated cell specimen of the present invention. 単離細胞標本の製造過程における細胞の配置を模式的に示した図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an arrangement of cells in a process of manufacturing an isolated cell specimen. 実施例1の単離細胞標本表面の水分量の測定結果を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a view showing the measurement results of the amount of water on the surface of the isolated cell specimen of Example 1. 実施例1の単離細胞標本を用いた免疫染色の結果を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Example 1. 比較例1の単離細胞標本を用いた免疫染色の結果を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 1. 比較例2の単離細胞標本を用いた免疫染色の結果を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 2. 比較例3の単離細胞標本を用いた免疫染色の結果を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 3. 比較例4の単離細胞標本を用いた免疫染色の結果を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a view showing a result of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 4. 比較例5の単離細胞標本を用いた免疫染色の結果を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a view showing a result of immunostaining using the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 5.
 以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
<単離細胞標本>
 本発明の単離細胞標本は、平板状基板の表面に観察対象細胞が付着した単離細胞標本であって、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在せず、観察対象細胞の平均厚さが以下の式(1)を満たし、免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる、単離細胞標本である。
 (t/tw)≧0.95  式(1)
(式(1)中、
 tは、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
 twは、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない観察対象細胞と同種の細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
<Isolated cell specimen>
The isolated cell specimen of the present invention is an isolated cell specimen in which cells to be observed are attached to the surface of a flat substrate, and substantially no liquid is present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. This is an isolated cell specimen in which the average thickness of target cells satisfies the following formula (1) and is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
(T / tw) ≧ 0.95 Equation (1)
(In equation (1),
t represents the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
tw represents the average thickness of cells of the same type as the cells to be observed which have not been subjected to the drying step and which have adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
 本発明の単離細胞標本においては、平板状基板の表面に細胞が付着している。この細胞は、標本として調製及び観察される対象であり、本発明において「観察対象細胞」という。なお、「観察対象細胞」とは、同種又は異種の細胞を複数含む細胞群を意味する。 単 離 In the isolated cell specimen of the present invention, cells adhere to the surface of the flat substrate. These cells are targets to be prepared and observed as a specimen, and are referred to as “observation target cells” in the present invention. The “observation target cell” refers to a cell group including a plurality of cells of the same type or different types.
 本発明の単離細胞標本においては、観察対象細胞の平均厚さが式(1)を満たすことに特徴がある。式(1)は、(t/tw)、すなわち、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さ(t)を、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない観察対象細胞と同種の細胞の平均厚さ(tw)で割った値が0.95以上であることを意味する。この式は、観察対象細胞の平均厚さが、ウェットな条件で保持された同種の細胞の平均厚さ、すなわち、観察対象細胞の本来の平均厚さよりもやや小さいか、観察対象細胞の本来の平均厚さと同等であることを意味する。 単 離 The isolated cell specimen of the present invention is characterized in that the average thickness of the observation target cell satisfies the formula (1). The expression (1) is obtained by calculating (t / tw), that is, the average thickness (t) of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate, to the observation target that has not been subjected to the drying step and has been attached to the surface of the flat substrate. The value obtained by dividing by the average thickness (tw) of cells of the same kind as the cells is 0.95 or more. This equation indicates that the average thickness of the observation target cell is slightly smaller than the original average thickness of the same type of cells held under wet conditions, that is, the original average thickness of the observation target cell, Mean equivalent to the average thickness.
 細胞を過度に乾燥させると、(t/tw)は小さくなる。(t/tw)が小さいことは、細胞が本来の厚さ、大きさ、形等を有さず(例えば、細胞が扁平である状態等)、各種染色や各種検出に利用できなくなってしまうことを意味する。しかし、本発明者らの検討の結果、観察対象細胞の平均厚さが式(1)を満たすように平板状基板の表面を乾燥させると、基板上がウェットな系ではなくなるにもかかわらず、細胞が本来の厚さ等を保持し、ウェットな系と同等以上の免疫染色性を実現できるという意外な知見が見出された。さらには、このような単離細胞標本は、細胞内抗原の検出のために通常必要となる膜透過処理(サポニン等による処理)を行わなくとも、染色効率が良好であり得ることも見出された。このような単離細胞標本は、免疫染色に供する前の保管や移送が極めて容易であるという、従来の免疫染色用試料にはない特徴を有する。 T (t / tw) decreases when cells are excessively dried. The small (t / tw) means that the cells do not have the original thickness, size, shape, etc. (for example, the cells are flat) and cannot be used for various stainings and various detections. Means However, as a result of the investigations by the present inventors, when the surface of the flat substrate is dried so that the average thickness of the observation target cells satisfies the formula (1), the substrate is not a wet system. It has been surprisingly found that cells maintain their original thickness and the like, and can realize immunostaining properties equal to or higher than that of a wet system. Furthermore, it has also been found that such an isolated cell specimen can have good staining efficiency without performing a membrane permeation treatment (treatment with saponin or the like) which is usually required for detection of intracellular antigens. Was. Such an isolated cell specimen has a feature that conventional immunostaining samples do not have, which is extremely easy to store and transfer before being subjected to immunostaining.
 本発明において「平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しない」とは、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に、目視観察できるほどの液体が存在しないことを意味する。ただし、本発明の単離細胞標本において、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に微量の液体が存在することは排除されない。液体としては、細胞の構造等を保持できる任意の液体が挙げられ、例えば、緩衝液、水、培地等が挙げられる。なお、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞中には、式(1)を満たすほどに十分な水分が含まれる。 In the present invention, "substantially no liquid is present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged" means that there is no liquid that can be visually observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. I do. However, in the isolated cell specimen of the present invention, it is not excluded that a small amount of liquid exists on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. Examples of the liquid include any liquid that can retain the structure of cells and the like, such as a buffer solution, water, and a medium. Note that the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate contain sufficient moisture to satisfy the expression (1).
 平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しないかどうかは以下の方法で判定できる。
(1)任意の時点での平板状基板表面の水分量を赤外線水分計(例えば、「ファイバー式赤外線水分計 IM-3SCV MODEL-2000」、株式会社フジワーク製)で、25℃、相対湿度50%の条件下で測定する。水分量は、含水率に対応した水分計出力値であるIM-D値(単位:mV)として出力される。
(2)上記(1)の時点から、25℃、相対湿度50%の条件下で5分経過した時点での平板状基板表面の水分量を赤外線水分計で測定する。
(3)上記(1)及び(2)の測定値を比較し、両者の差が3%以内(好ましくは1%以内)であれば平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しないと判定する。
Whether or not liquid is substantially not present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged can be determined by the following method.
(1) The moisture content on the surface of the flat substrate at an arbitrary time point was measured at 25 ° C. and 50% relative humidity using an infrared moisture meter (for example, “Fiber Infrared Moisture Analyzer IM-3SCV MODEL-2000”, manufactured by Fuji Work Co., Ltd.). It measures under the conditions of. The moisture content is output as an IM-D value (unit: mV) which is an output value of the moisture meter corresponding to the moisture content.
(2) The amount of water on the surface of the flat substrate at the time when 5 minutes have passed under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 50% relative humidity from the time of the above (1) is measured with an infrared moisture meter.
(3) Compare the measured values of the above (1) and (2), and if the difference between them is within 3% (preferably within 1%), the liquid is substantially on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. Is determined not to exist.
 以下、本発明の単離細胞標本の構成について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the configuration of the isolated cell specimen of the present invention will be described in detail.
(平板状基板)
 平板状基板としては、細胞観察において通常用いられる、任意の材質及び形状を有する基板が挙げられる。なお、本発明において「平板状」とは、基板上に細胞を付着させることができるほどに平滑な面を有することを意味し、基板の表面の一部に凹凸がある態様は排除されない。
(Flat substrate)
Examples of the flat substrate include a substrate having an arbitrary material and an arbitrary shape, which is usually used in cell observation. In the present invention, “flat” means that the substrate has a surface that is smooth enough to allow cells to adhere to the substrate, and an aspect in which a part of the surface of the substrate has unevenness is not excluded.
 平板状基板の材質は特に限定されない。顕微鏡観察等を用いた細胞観察のしやすさ等を考慮すると、平板状基板は透明な材料から成形されたものであることが好ましい。透明な材料としては、各種ガラス、各種樹脂(熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂等)等が挙げられる。 材質 The material of the flat substrate is not particularly limited. In consideration of the ease of cell observation using a microscope or the like, the flat substrate is preferably formed from a transparent material. Examples of the transparent material include various glasses and various resins (a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and the like).
 熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、アクリル酸エステル重合体、メタクリル酸エステル重合体、環状オレフィンコポリマー(ノルボルネン系等)、芳香族ポリエステル類(ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート等)、ポリカーボネート、ポリアミド等が挙げられる。 Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylate polymer, methacrylate polymer, cyclic olefin copolymer (such as norbornene), and aromatic polyesters (such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate). , Polycarbonate, polyamide and the like.
 熱硬化性樹脂としては、シリコーン樹脂(ポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有するもの等)、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。 Examples of the thermosetting resin include a silicone resin (such as one having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton), a phenol resin, a melamine resin, and an epoxy resin.
 上記のうち、ポリスチレン、メタクリル酸エステル重合体、環状オレフィンコポリマー、シリコーン樹脂(ポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有するもの)が好ましい。 の う ち Among the above, polystyrene, methacrylate polymer, cyclic olefin copolymer, and silicone resin (having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton) are preferable.
 平板状基板の大きさは特に限定されず、単離細胞標本の用途や、観察対象細胞を観察する装置等に応じて適宜選択できる。 大 き The size of the flat substrate is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the isolated cell specimen, an apparatus for observing the observation target cell, and the like.
 平板状基板において、観察対象細胞が配置される面は、平板状基板上に観察対象細胞含有液を展開しやすいという観点から、親水性であることが好ましい。具体的には、平板状基板の観察対象細胞が配置される表面における水の接触角が、25℃において好ましくは10°以下、より好ましくは5°以下である。 に お い て In the flat substrate, the surface on which the observation target cells are arranged is preferably hydrophilic from the viewpoint that the observation target cell-containing liquid can be easily spread on the flat substrate. Specifically, the contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells to be observed are arranged is preferably 10 ° or less at 25 ° C., more preferably 5 ° or less.
 平板状基板の表面が親水性でない場合には、必要に応じて、該表面に対して表面処理(親水化処理)を施すことができる。表面処理の方法は任意の方法を採用でき、プラズマ処理、紫外線処理、電子線処理、コロナ放電処理、オゾン処理等が挙げられる。これらのうち、プラズマ処理が好ましく、酸素プラズマ処理が特に好ましい。 (4) When the surface of the flat substrate is not hydrophilic, the surface can be subjected to a surface treatment (hydrophilization treatment) as necessary. Any method can be adopted as the surface treatment method, and examples include plasma treatment, ultraviolet treatment, electron beam treatment, corona discharge treatment, and ozone treatment. Of these, plasma treatment is preferred, and oxygen plasma treatment is particularly preferred.
 平板状基板の表面における水の接触角は、θ/2法を用いて測定される。θ/2法とは、平板状基板の表面に滴下した液滴の左右端点と頂点とを結ぶ直線の、平板状基板の表面に対する角度を求め、これを2倍にした値を接触角として特定する方法である。例えば、平板状基板の表面における水の接触角を求める場合、蒸留水(例えば、1~2μl)を該表面の異なる複数の地点(例えば、5点以上)に滴下し、滴下した液滴のそれぞれの接触角を求め、得られた値の平均値を水の接触角として扱ってもよい。接触角は、接触角計(協和界面科学株式会社製等)を用いて特定してもよい。 接触 The contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate is measured using the θ / 2 method. The θ / 2 method is to determine the angle of the straight line connecting the left and right end points and the vertices of the droplet dropped on the surface of the flat substrate to the flat substrate surface, and specify the value obtained by doubling the angle as the contact angle. How to For example, when determining the contact angle of water on the surface of a flat substrate, distilled water (for example, 1 to 2 μl) is dropped on a plurality of different points (for example, 5 or more) on the surface, and each of the dropped droplets is dropped. May be determined, and the average of the obtained values may be treated as the contact angle of water. The contact angle may be specified using a contact angle meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.).
(観察対象細胞)
 観察対象細胞は、平板状基板の表面に付着し、細胞観察の対象となる細胞である。観察対象細胞の種類は特に限定されない。例えば、好ましい細胞として、末梢血単核細胞(PBMCとも呼ばれる。)が挙げられる。
(Observed cells)
The observation target cell is a cell that adheres to the surface of the flat substrate and is a target of cell observation. The type of the observation target cell is not particularly limited. For example, preferred cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (also called PBMC).
 式(1)に規定されるt及びtwについて、平均厚さが特定される対象である細胞は、互いに同種であればよく、同一個体に由来していてもよいが、同一個体に由来していなくともよい。ただし、同種の生物に由来することが好ましい。例えば、tが末梢血単核細胞の平均厚さである場合、twも末梢血単核細胞の平均厚さを意味する。 For t and tw defined by the formula (1), the cells whose average thickness is specified may be of the same type as each other and may be derived from the same individual, but may be derived from the same individual. It is not necessary. However, it is preferably derived from the same species of organism. For example, when t is the average thickness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tw also means the average thickness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
 twは、細胞の種類に応じた所定の数値となる可能性がある。例えば、末梢血単核細胞のtwは、約15μmであり得る。かかる場合、末梢血単核細胞のtの下限は、14.2μm以上(すなわち、(t/tw)≧0.95)、好ましくは14.4μm以上(すなわち、(t/tw)≧0.96)、より好ましくは14.5μm以上(すなわち、(t/tw)≧0.97)である。この場合の末梢血単核細胞球のtの上限は、測定結果のバラツキや個体差を考慮し、15.7μm程度である。 Tw may be a predetermined numerical value according to the type of cell. For example, the tw of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell can be about 15 μm. In such a case, the lower limit of t of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is at least 14.2 μm (ie, (t / tw) ≧ 0.95), preferably at least 14.4 μm (ie, (t / tw) ≧ 0.96). ), More preferably 14.5 μm or more (that is, (t / tw) ≧ 0.97). In this case, the upper limit of t of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell sphere is about 15.7 μm in consideration of the dispersion of measurement results and individual differences.
 観察対象細胞は、細胞観察に通常供される任意の態様であってもよい。例えば、観察対象細胞は、公知の方法で組織(上皮等)や体液(血液等)から単離されたものであってもよい。観察対象細胞の単離方法は細胞本来の大きさや形を損なわない方法であれば特に限定されず、遠心分離(密度勾配遠心分離法等)や試薬を用いた方法等が挙げられる。なお、本発明における観察対象細胞は単離された細胞であるので、組織切片等の態様は含まない。 (4) The observation target cell may be in any mode usually used for cell observation. For example, the observation target cell may be one isolated from a tissue (epithelium or the like) or a body fluid (blood or the like) by a known method. The method for isolating the cells to be observed is not particularly limited as long as the original size and shape of the cells are not impaired, and examples thereof include centrifugation (density gradient centrifugation, etc.) and methods using reagents. The observation target cell in the present invention is an isolated cell, and thus does not include aspects such as a tissue section.
 密度勾配遠心分離法では分離溶液を使用することができる。分離溶液としては、リンパ球分離溶液等が挙げられる。分離溶液は、通常、血液試料に重層させて用いる。このような場合、分離溶液としては、密度が1.077g/mlに調整された試薬等を用いることができる。 分離 Separation solution can be used in density gradient centrifugation. Examples of the separation solution include a lymphocyte separation solution. The separation solution is usually used by being layered on a blood sample. In such a case, a reagent or the like having a density adjusted to 1.077 g / ml can be used as the separation solution.
 例えば、分離溶液を用いることで、全血中に含まれる赤血球、白血球の一部である顆粒球(好中球、好酸球、好塩基球)、及び血小板の大部分を除去できる。その結果、主として白血球の一部であるリンパ球(T細胞、B細胞、NK細胞)及び単球で構成される単核細胞の画分を得ることができる。 For example, by using a separation solution, most of red blood cells, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and platelets contained in whole blood can be removed. As a result, it is possible to obtain a mononuclear cell fraction mainly composed of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, which are a part of leukocytes.
 密度勾配遠心分離法に用いる分離溶液としては、市販のものを使用できる。市販の分離溶液としては、例えば、商品名「LymphoPrep」(Alere Technologies社製)、商品名「NycoPrep 1.077」(Alere Technologies社製)、商品名「OptiPrep」(Alere Technologies社製)、商品名「Histopaque 1077」(Sigma-Aldrich社)、商品名「Ficoll-Paque」(GEヘルスケア社)等が挙げられる。なお、「OptiPrep」は、事前に試薬と培地等を適量混合して溶液密度を1.077g/mlに調整する必要がある。 市 販 As the separation solution used for the density gradient centrifugation, a commercially available solution can be used. Examples of commercially available separation solutions include, for example, “LymphoPrep” (manufactured by Alere Technologies Inc.), “[email protected]” (manufactured by Alere Technologies Inc.), and “OptiPrep” (manufactured by AlereTechnologies Inc.) “Histopaque @ 1077” (Sigma-Aldrich), trade name “Ficoll-Paque” (GE Healthcare) and the like. In the case of “OptiPrep”, it is necessary to adjust the solution density to 1.077 g / ml by mixing an appropriate amount of a reagent and a medium in advance.
 末梢血単核細胞を含む画分を得るための密度勾配遠心分離の手法の一例を挙げる。まず、全血を、抗凝固剤を含む採血管に採取し、生理食塩水(0.9%NaCl溶液)で希釈した後、分離溶液を分注する。これを遠心分離処理し、単核細胞の画分を回収する。この単核細胞を、末梢血単核細胞を含む画分として扱うことができる。 例 An example of a density gradient centrifugation method for obtaining a fraction containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells will be described. First, whole blood is collected in a blood collection tube containing an anticoagulant, diluted with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution), and then the separated solution is dispensed. This is centrifuged to collect the mononuclear cell fraction. This mononuclear cell can be treated as a fraction containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
 検出しようとする目的細胞が循環がん細胞である場合は、観察対象細胞が末梢血単核細胞を含むことが好ましい。 (4) When the target cells to be detected are circulating cancer cells, the observation target cells preferably include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
(細胞の平均厚さ)
 本発明において、「細胞の平均厚さ」とは、平板状基板の平滑面に細胞が付着(通常は単層配置)された単離細胞標本を、蛍光標識抗体を用いて免疫染色(蛍光染色)した後、蛍光顕微鏡観察下の蛍光画像を、画像解析ソフトを用いて解析することにより求めた値である。
(Average cell thickness)
In the present invention, the “average cell thickness” refers to immunostaining (fluorescence staining) an isolated cell specimen in which cells are attached (usually in a single layer) to a smooth surface of a flat substrate using a fluorescently labeled antibody. ) Is a value obtained by analyzing the fluorescence image under the fluorescence microscope observation using image analysis software.
 細胞の平均厚さの測定方法の概略を図1に示す。まず、平均厚さを特定しようとする細胞が付着した単離細胞標本を蛍光顕微鏡の観察台に水平にセットする。次いで、細胞が付着した基板面に焦点を合わせたまま視野を固定し、上方向(Z軸方向)へ1.05μmごとに対物レンズを移動して蛍光画像を取得する。取得した画像を、画像解析ソフト(Image J、Ver1.52a、NIH、https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/)を用いて解析し、各画像の平均蛍光シグナル強度を算出する。蛍光シグナル強度をZ軸方向の距離に対してプロットすることで、細胞下端部(基板面)から細胞上端部までの距離を求める(プロットから細胞上端部を特定する方法は図2を用いて後述する)。この距離が細胞の平均厚さに相当する。この方法により測定された細胞の平均厚さは、単離細胞標本に含まれる細胞の平均蛍光シグナル強度の総和に基づき算出される。そのため、この方法には、得られる結果が、個々の細胞の大きさのバラツキや、細胞試料の提供者の個人差等の影響を受けにくいという利点がある。 FIG. 1 shows an outline of the method for measuring the average thickness of cells. First, an isolated cell specimen to which cells whose average thickness is to be specified is set horizontally on an observation table of a fluorescence microscope. Next, the visual field is fixed while keeping the focus on the substrate surface to which the cells are attached, and the objective lens is moved upward (in the Z-axis direction) every 1.05 μm to acquire a fluorescent image. The acquired images are analyzed using image analysis software (Image @ J, Ver1.52a, NIH, https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/), and the average fluorescence signal intensity of each image is calculated. The distance from the lower end of the cell (substrate surface) to the upper end of the cell is obtained by plotting the intensity of the fluorescent signal with respect to the distance in the Z-axis direction (the method of specifying the upper end of the cell from the plot will be described later with reference to FIG. 2). Do). This distance corresponds to the average thickness of the cells. The average thickness of the cells measured by this method is calculated based on the sum of the average fluorescence signal intensities of the cells contained in the isolated cell specimen. Therefore, this method has an advantage that the obtained result is hardly affected by variations in the size of individual cells, individual differences among cell sample providers, and the like.
 図2は、細胞の平均厚さを求めるために使用した、Z軸方向の距離に対する蛍光シグナル強度のプロット例である。細胞下端部(基板面)は、Z軸の値が「0μm」である点として特定される。細胞上端部は、プロットにおいて細胞下端部(基板面)側から数えた点のうち、以下の関係を全て満たす最小の値の点として特定される。
 |YN-2-YN-1|>|YN-1-Y
 YN-2-YN-1>0
 |YN-1-Y|/YMAX≦0.04
(式中、「Y」(xは、プロットにおける連続する3点N-2、N-1、及びNのうちいずれかである。)とは、点xのY軸(平均シグナル強度)上の値を意味する。「YMAX」とは、プロットにおけるY軸上の最大値を意味する。)
 例えば、図2において、上記関係を全て満たす最小の値の点は「n」である。
FIG. 2 is an example of a plot of the fluorescence signal intensity versus distance in the Z-axis direction used to determine the average thickness of the cells. The lower end of the cell (substrate surface) is specified as a point where the value of the Z axis is “0 μm”. The upper end of the cell is specified as the point having the minimum value that satisfies all of the following relationships among the points counted from the lower end of the cell (substrate surface) in the plot.
| Y N-2 -Y N-1 |> | Y N-1 -Y N |
Y N-2 -Y N-1 > 0
| Y N-1 −Y N | / Y MAX ≦ 0.04
(Where “Y x ” (x is one of three consecutive points N−2, N−1, and N in the plot) is on the Y axis (average signal intensity) of point x. "Y MAX " means the maximum value on the Y-axis in the plot.)
For example, in FIG. 2, the point of the minimum value that satisfies all the above relationships is “n”.
 本発明の平板状基板上に単層配置された細胞の平均厚さは、上述のとおり、以下の式(1)を満たす。
(t/tw)≧0.95  式(1)
(式(1)中、
 tは、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
 twは、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない観察対象細胞と同種の細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
As described above, the average thickness of the cells arranged in a single layer on the flat substrate of the present invention satisfies the following expression (1).
(T / tw) ≧ 0.95 Equation (1)
(In equation (1),
t represents the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
tw represents the average thickness of cells of the same type as the cells to be observed which have not been subjected to the drying step and which have adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
 tは、単離細胞標本の平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞について、上記の方法で細胞の平均厚さを求めることで特定される。 Δt is specified by obtaining the average thickness of the cells by the above-described method for the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate of the isolated cell specimen.
 twは、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない、観察対象細胞と同種の細胞について、上記の方法で細胞の平均厚さを求めることで特定される。twを特定する際の平板状基板は、その平滑面に細胞を付着させることができれば特に限定されないが、対応するtを特定する際の平板状基板と同様の材質であることが好ましい。なお、本発明において「細胞が乾燥工程を経ていない」とは、細胞が、水や水系緩衝液(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)等)でのみ保持されており、細胞本来の大きさや構造を保っていることを意味する。twの特定の際には、細胞をウェットな系に維持した状態で測定を行う。細胞をウェットな系に維持する方法としては、例えば、基板上に枠を設け、枠内に細胞の構造に影響しない液体(水や水系緩衝液(PBS等))を入れる方法が挙げられる。 Tw is specified by calculating the average thickness of the cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate and not subjected to the drying step and of the same kind as the cells to be observed, by the above method. The flat substrate for specifying tw is not particularly limited as long as cells can be attached to the smooth surface thereof, but is preferably the same material as the flat substrate for specifying the corresponding t. In the present invention, "the cell has not undergone the drying step" means that the cell is held only in water or an aqueous buffer solution (phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or the like), and the cell has its original size and structure. Means to keep When specifying tw, the measurement is performed while the cells are maintained in a wet system. As a method for maintaining the cells in a wet system, for example, a method in which a frame is provided on a substrate, and a liquid (water or an aqueous buffer (PBS or the like)) which does not affect the structure of the cells is placed in the frame.
 本発明の単離細胞標本を製造しようとする際、観察対象細胞の一部をウェットな系で維持し、これを用いて細胞の平均厚さを求めることで、twを特定できる。 製造 When producing the isolated cell specimen of the present invention, tw can be specified by maintaining a part of the cells to be observed in a wet system and calculating the average thickness of the cells using this.
 任意の単離細胞標本におけるtwは、以下のように特定できる。
(1)単離細胞標本に付着した細胞の種類や由来を顕微鏡観察等で特定する。
(2)上記(1)で特定した細胞と同種の細胞を入手する。
(3)上記(2)で得られた細胞を平板状基板の表面に付着し、ウェットな系で維持した状態でtwを特定する。
Tw in any isolated cell preparation can be specified as follows.
(1) The type and origin of the cells attached to the isolated cell specimen are identified by microscopic observation or the like.
(2) Obtain cells of the same type as the cells specified in (1) above.
(3) The cells obtained in the above (2) are attached to the surface of a flat substrate, and tw is specified while maintaining the cells in a wet system.
 (t/tw)の下限は、好ましくは(t/tw)≧0.96、より好ましくは(t/tw)≧0.97である。(t/tw)が0.95未満であることは、通常、標本作製過程での乾燥等により細胞内の水分が失われ、観察対象細胞が萎縮した状態を示す。 The lower limit of (t / tw) is preferably (t / tw) ≧ 0.96, more preferably (t / tw) ≧ 0.97. When (t / tw) is less than 0.95, it usually indicates a state in which the water in the cells is lost due to drying or the like in the process of preparing the specimen, and the cells to be observed are atrophied.
 (t/tw)の上限は、(t/tw)の定義から理解されるとおり、通常は1である。ただし、1.05程度の値となることがある。 The upper limit of (t / tw) is usually 1 as understood from the definition of (t / tw). However, the value may be about 1.05.
 (t/tw)が式(1)を満たすかどうかは、観察対象細胞が本来の構造を維持しているかどうかの指標となる。例えば、抗体を用いて免疫染色を行う場合等に、細胞を乾燥させると、乾燥により細胞の膜構造が破壊され、細胞が本来の構造を維持できなくなり得る。その結果、検出すべきタンパク質の局在が変化してしまい、正確な結果が得られない可能性がある。通常、乾燥した細胞は水分の喪失により厚さや大きさが小さくなるため、細胞の本来の厚さ(tw)を基準とする式(1)は、観察対象細胞の大きさの変化を特定するために有効である。 Whether (t / tw) satisfies Expression (1) is an index of whether the observation target cell maintains the original structure. For example, when cells are dried, for example, when immunostaining is performed using an antibody, the membrane structure of the cells is destroyed by the drying, and the cells may not be able to maintain the original structure. As a result, the localization of the protein to be detected changes, and an accurate result may not be obtained. Usually, the thickness and the size of a dried cell become smaller due to the loss of water. Therefore, the equation (1) based on the original thickness (tw) of the cell is used to specify a change in the size of the observation target cell. It is effective for
 標本検査の効率の点等から、観察対象細胞は平板基板上に可能な限り密に配置されることが好ましい。平板基板上に単層配置された細胞の密度は、好ましくは4000~12000個/mm、より好ましくは6000~10000個/mm、さらに好ましくは7000~9000個/mmである。 From the viewpoint of the efficiency of specimen inspection, it is preferable that the observation target cells be arranged as densely as possible on a flat substrate. The density of cells arranged in a single layer on a flat substrate is preferably 4000 to 12000 cells / mm 2 , more preferably 6000 to 10000 cells / mm 2 , and still more preferably 7000 to 9000 cells / mm 2 .
<単離細胞標本の用途>
 本発明の単離細胞標本は免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる。ただし、本発明の単離細胞標本は、細胞観察を目的とするその他の任意の用途にも用いることができる。
<Use of isolated cell specimen>
The isolated cell specimen of the present invention is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining. However, the isolated cell specimen of the present invention can be used for any other purpose for observing cells.
 従来の免疫染色方法としては以下の方法が知られる(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。まず、液体培地で希釈された細胞を基板の表面に滴下し、次いで、該基板を液体培地で洗浄することで、基板の表面に細胞を単層配置させる。該細胞に対し、液体培地の存在下で、抗体を用いた免疫染色を行い、顕微鏡観察を実施する。そして、これらの全工程は、細胞の乾燥を避けるために、ウェットな系で行う必要がある。なぜならば、細胞が乾燥すると、細胞の構造等が変化してしまい、正確な結果が得られなくなる可能性があるからである。したがって、従来の免疫染色方法においては、免疫染色に供する前の観察用細胞試料を安定的に保存や移送することが困難だった。 以下 The following method is known as a conventional immunostaining method (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). First, the cells diluted with the liquid medium are dropped on the surface of the substrate, and then the substrate is washed with the liquid medium, so that the cells are arranged in a single layer on the surface of the substrate. The cells are subjected to immunostaining using an antibody in the presence of a liquid medium, and microscopic observation is performed. And all of these steps need to be performed in a wet system to avoid drying of the cells. This is because when the cells are dried, the structure of the cells may change, and accurate results may not be obtained. Therefore, in the conventional immunostaining method, it was difficult to stably store and transfer the observation cell sample before being subjected to immunostaining.
 これに対し、本発明の単離細胞標本においては、基板上に付着した細胞が水分を保持して細胞本来の構造を保ちつつ、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面上に液体(培地や緩衝液等)が実質的に存在しない。このことは、本発明によれば、従来の免疫染色方法のように、基板の表面に配置された細胞をウェットな系で維持する必要がないことを意味する。これにより、本発明によれば、免疫染色を実施するまで、単離細胞標本を所望の期間(例えば、1日以上)にわたって安定的に保存したり、単離細胞標本を遠方へ移送したりすることができる。 On the other hand, in the isolated cell specimen of the present invention, the cells attached to the substrate retain the water and maintain the original structure of the cells, and the liquid (such as a medium or a medium) is placed on the surface of the flat substrate where the cells are arranged. Buffer). This means that, according to the present invention, unlike the conventional immunostaining method, it is not necessary to maintain the cells arranged on the surface of the substrate in a wet system. Thus, according to the present invention, the isolated cell specimen is stably stored for a desired period of time (for example, one day or more) or the isolated cell specimen is transferred to a remote place until immunostaining is performed. be able to.
 本発明の単離細胞標本を免疫染色に供する場合、その方法としては公知の方法を適宜選択でき、検出しようとするマーカー等に応じた抗体や条件を用いることができる。 When the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is subjected to immunostaining, a known method can be appropriately selected, and an antibody and conditions corresponding to the marker or the like to be detected can be used.
 従来、細胞内部のタンパク質に対する抗体を用いて免疫染色を行う際には、細胞に対して、サポニン等による膜透過処理が必須であった。これに対し、本発明においては、このような処理を行わなくても十分な染色を行うことができる。ただし、本発明において、免疫染色において膜透過処理を行う態様は排除されない。 Conventionally, when performing immunostaining using an antibody against a protein inside a cell, membrane permeation treatment with a saponin or the like has been essential for the cell. On the other hand, in the present invention, sufficient staining can be performed without performing such treatment. However, in the present invention, an embodiment in which a membrane permeation treatment is performed in immunostaining is not excluded.
 核染色の方法としては、任意の蛍光色素を用いることができ、例えば、DAPI(4’,6-ジアミジノ-2-フェニルインドール)等が挙げられる。 As a method of nuclear staining, any fluorescent dye can be used, and for example, DAPI (4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and the like can be mentioned.
<単離細胞標本の製造方法>
 本発明の単離細胞標本の製造方法は、平板状基板上に観察対象細胞含有液を展開する展開工程と、展開工程の後、平板状基板の表面に付着していない細胞を除去する細胞除去工程と、細胞除去工程の後、平板状基板を自然乾燥する乾燥工程と、を含み、得られた単離細胞標本は、免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる。
<Method for producing isolated cell specimen>
The method for producing an isolated cell specimen according to the present invention includes a developing step of developing the observation target cell-containing liquid on the flat substrate, and a cell removing step of removing cells that do not adhere to the surface of the flat substrate after the developing step. After the step of removing the cells, a drying step of naturally drying the flat substrate is performed, and the obtained isolated cell specimen is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
 本発明の単離細胞標本の作製方法の一例を図3に示す。以下、図3を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 FIG. 3 shows an example of the method for preparing an isolated cell specimen of the present invention. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
 (1)平板状基板の準備
 平板状基板を準備して、必要に応じて酸素プラズマ処理等の親水化処理を必要に応じて行う。
(1) Preparation of a flat substrate A flat substrate is prepared, and a hydrophilic treatment such as an oxygen plasma treatment is performed as necessary.
 (2)展開工程
 平板状基板上に観察対象細胞含有液を展開する。観察対象細胞含有液の展開方法は、細胞を破壊等せずに平板状基板上に配置できる任意の方法が採用できる。例えば、マイクロピペット等を用いて、平板状基板の表面に滴下する方法等が挙げられる。観察対象細胞含有液としては、単核細胞の画分等の細胞含有画分やこれを希釈したもの等が挙げられる。展開された観察対象細胞含有液は平板状基板表面で広がり、広範囲での観察が可能となる。
(2) Developing step The liquid containing the cells to be observed is developed on a flat substrate. As a method of developing the observation target cell-containing liquid, any method that can be arranged on the flat substrate without destroying the cells can be adopted. For example, a method of dropping the liquid on the surface of a flat substrate using a micropipette or the like may be used. Examples of the observation target cell-containing liquid include a cell-containing fraction such as a mononuclear cell fraction, and a dilution thereof. The developed liquid containing the cells to be observed spreads on the surface of the flat substrate, and observation over a wide range is possible.
 観察対象細胞含有液において、細胞を希釈するための液体媒体としては、各種水系緩衝液(PBS等)や純水等を使用することができる。 に お い て In the liquid containing the cells to be observed, various aqueous buffers (such as PBS) and pure water can be used as a liquid medium for diluting the cells.
 観察対象細胞含有液において、細胞濃度は特に限定されないが、基板上の細胞が過度に重層しない程度の濃度が好ましい。例えば、細胞濃度は、好ましくは1×10~1×10個/ml、さらに好ましくは2×10~5×10個/mlである。 In the liquid containing the cells to be observed, the cell concentration is not particularly limited, but is preferably a concentration at which the cells on the substrate are not excessively layered. For example, the cell concentration is preferably 1 × 10 6 to 1 × 10 7 cells / ml, more preferably 2 × 10 6 to 5 × 10 6 cells / ml.
 平板状基板上に配置された細胞は、通常は単層では配置しておらず、一部重層した状態で配置されている。この状態において、平板状基板の表面と直接接触している細胞は、平板状基板の表面と、物理的吸着によって結合する。つまり、展開工程において、基板表面に配置された観察対象細胞の少なくとも一部は平板状基板の表面に付着する。 (4) Cells arranged on a flat substrate are not usually arranged in a single layer, but are arranged in a partially laminated state. In this state, the cells that are in direct contact with the surface of the flat substrate are bonded to the surface of the flat substrate by physical adsorption. That is, in the developing step, at least a part of the observation target cells arranged on the substrate surface adheres to the surface of the flat substrate.
 (3)細胞除去工程
 展開工程の後、平板状基板の表面に付着していない細胞を除去する。展開工程後の平板状基板上には細胞が重層して配置されていることがあるが、このような状態の細胞は顕微鏡観察による目的細胞の検出を妨げるため、この工程で、重層している余剰の細胞を洗浄等によって除去する。これにより、平板状基板には、平板状基板の表面に付着した細胞のみが、ほぼ単層で、凝集することなく配置される。展開工程後の重層した細胞の状態と、細胞除去工程後の単層で配置された細胞の状態の模式図を図4に示す。
(3) Cell removing step After the developing step, cells that have not adhered to the surface of the flat substrate are removed. Cells may be arranged in layers on the flat substrate after the development step, but cells in such a state are layered in this step to prevent detection of target cells by microscopic observation. Excess cells are removed by washing or the like. Thereby, only cells adhering to the surface of the flat substrate are arranged in a substantially monolayer without aggregation on the flat substrate. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the stacked cells after the developing step and the state of the cells arranged in a single layer after the cell removing step.
 平板状基板の表面に付着していない細胞を除去する方法としては、特に限定されないが、細胞の損傷を防ぐ観点から、基板上に液体を接触させる方法が好ましい。例えば、細胞除去用液体を入れた容器に平板状基板を浸漬する方法、平板状基板の表面に除去用液体を流しかける方法等が挙げられる。 (4) The method for removing cells that have not adhered to the surface of the flat substrate is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of preventing cell damage, a method of bringing a liquid into contact with the substrate is preferable. For example, a method of immersing the plate-like substrate in a container containing a cell-removing liquid, a method of pouring the removing liquid over the surface of the plate-like substrate, and the like can be mentioned.
 細胞除去用液体は、水又は水溶液であることが好ましい。水又は水溶液の比抵抗値の下限は、好ましくは10Ω・cm以上であり、より好ましくは10Ω・cm以上であり、さらに好ましくは10Ω・cm以上である。水又は水溶液の比抵抗値が10Ω・cm未満であると、細胞除去用液体中のイオン性物質の含有量が多くなり、後述の乾燥工程で溶質物が析出したり、溶質物が顕微鏡観察を妨げたりする可能性がある。水又は水溶液の比抵抗値の上限は、好ましくは100Ω・cm以下である。 The liquid for removing cells is preferably water or an aqueous solution. The lower limit of the specific resistance value of water or the aqueous solution is preferably 10 Ω · cm or more, more preferably 10 4 Ω · cm or more, and further preferably 10 6 Ω · cm or more. If the specific resistance value of water or the aqueous solution is less than 10 Ω · cm, the content of the ionic substance in the cell removing liquid increases, solutes precipitate in the drying step described below, or the solutes are observed with a microscope. May interfere. The upper limit of the specific resistance value of water or the aqueous solution is preferably 100 Ω · cm or less.
 比抵抗値が上記範囲内にある水溶液としては、液体培地、水道水(15~16kΩ・m)、各種緩衝液(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(62~63Ω・m)等)が挙げられる。 水溶液 Examples of the aqueous solution having a specific resistance value within the above range include a liquid medium, tap water (15 to 16 kΩ · m), and various buffers (phosphate buffered saline (62 to 63 Ω · m), etc.).
 後述する乾燥工程での析出や顕微鏡観察時に影響を与えにくいという点から、細胞除去用液体としては、比抵抗値が10Ω・cm以上の、イオン性物質を殆ど含まない水が好ましく、比抵抗値が10Ω・cm以上の純水を用いることがより好ましい。 As a liquid for cell removal, water having a specific resistance value of 10 4 Ω · cm or more and containing almost no ionic substance is preferable since it is hardly affected by precipitation in a drying step to be described later or microscopic observation. It is more preferable to use pure water having a resistance value of 10 6 Ω · cm or more.
 (4)乾燥工程
 細胞除去工程の後、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しなくなるまで平板状基板を乾燥する。乾燥工程により、平板状基板の表面の液体量を低減させることができる。これにより、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しない状態で、観察対象細胞を基板上に配置させることができる。
(4) Drying Step After the cell removing step, the flat substrate is dried until substantially no liquid is present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. The amount of liquid on the surface of the flat substrate can be reduced by the drying process. Thereby, the observation target cell can be arranged on the substrate in a state where the liquid is not substantially present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged.
 乾燥工程における乾燥は自然乾燥である。自然乾燥とは室温付近の温度(例えば、1~40℃)で乾燥させることを意味する。乾燥の方法としては、標本を室温付近の温度にさらすことができれば特に限定されず、例えば、室内の自然環境下に標本を置く方法や、人工的に温度、湿度、気圧を調節した環境下に標本を置く方法等が挙げられる。 乾燥 Drying in the drying process is natural drying. Natural drying means drying at a temperature around room temperature (eg, 1 to 40 ° C.). The method of drying is not particularly limited as long as the sample can be exposed to a temperature around room temperature.For example, a method of placing the sample in a natural indoor environment, or an environment in which the temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure are artificially adjusted. Examples include a method of placing a specimen.
 自然乾燥の温度条件は、乾燥時間の長さ等に応じて調整できる。自然乾燥の温度条件は、室温の範囲内であってもよく、例えば、好ましくは1~40℃、より好ましくは10~30℃であり、さらに好ましくは15~29℃、さらにより好ましくは20~28℃であり、最も好ましくは22~24℃(23℃前後)である。温度が高すぎると、細胞の乾燥が進み、細胞の膜構造が破壊し、本来の構造を維持できず、その後の観察に影響が生じる可能性がある。温度が低すぎると、乾燥時間が長くなりすぎる可能性がある。 Temperature conditions for natural drying can be adjusted according to the length of drying time and the like. The temperature condition of the natural drying may be in the range of room temperature, for example, preferably 1 to 40 ° C, more preferably 10 to 30 ° C, still more preferably 15 to 29 ° C, and still more preferably 20 to 29 ° C. The temperature is 28 ° C., most preferably 22 to 24 ° C. (around 23 ° C.). If the temperature is too high, drying of the cells proceeds, and the membrane structure of the cells is destroyed, the original structure cannot be maintained, and the subsequent observation may be affected. If the temperature is too low, the drying time may be too long.
 自然乾燥の湿度条件は、相対湿度が、好ましくは10~70%、より好ましくは20~60%、さらに好ましくは20~50%である。 (4) Regarding the humidity conditions for natural drying, the relative humidity is preferably 10 to 70%, more preferably 20 to 60%, and further preferably 20 to 50%.
 自然乾燥の圧力条件は、好ましくは0.5~2.0気圧、より好ましくは0.8~1.2気圧、さらに好ましくは1気圧である。 The pressure condition for natural drying is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 atm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 atm, and still more preferably 1 atm.
 自然乾燥の時間は、好ましくは30分間以上、より好ましくは35分以上、さらに好ましくは50分間以上、さらにより好ましくは1時間以上である。自然乾燥の時間はさらに長くても問題ないが、作業効率上、通常は、好ましくは100時間以下、より好ましくは90時間以下、さらに好ましくは80時間以下である。 The time for natural drying is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 35 minutes or more, further preferably 50 minutes or more, and still more preferably 1 hour or more. Although there is no problem if the time for natural drying is longer, it is usually preferably 100 hours or less, more preferably 90 hours or less, and still more preferably 80 hours or less from the viewpoint of work efficiency.
 自然乾燥の風速条件は、0.0~1.0m/秒であってもよい。風速が大きいほど、乾燥時間を短くすることができ得る。 The wind speed condition for natural drying may be 0.0 to 1.0 m / sec. The higher the wind speed, the shorter the drying time may be.
 乾燥工程の前後において、観察対象細胞の平均厚さは以下の式(2)を満たす。
 (t’/tw’)≧0.95  式(2)
(式(2)中、
 t’は、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程後の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
 tw’は、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程前の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
Before and after the drying step, the average thickness of the observation target cells satisfies the following expression (2).
(T ′ / tw ′) ≧ 0.95 Equation (2)
(In equation (2),
t ′ represents the average thickness of the observation target cells after the drying step, which adhered to the surface of the flat substrate,
tw ′ represents the average thickness of the observation target cells before the drying step, which adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
 式(2)の詳細は、上記<単離細胞標本>における説明に準じる。ただし、「乾燥工程後の観察対象細胞の平均厚さ」は、上記<単離細胞標本>における「平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さ」に対応する。「乾燥工程前の観察対象細胞の平均厚さ」は、上記<単離細胞標本>における「平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない観察対象細胞と同種の細胞の平均厚さ」に対応する。なお、式(2)において、t’及びtw’は、同一の細胞群における値である。 詳細 The details of the formula (2) conform to the description in the above <Isolated cell specimen>. However, the "average thickness of the observation target cells after the drying step" corresponds to the "average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate" in the above <Isolated cell specimen>. The “average thickness of the observation target cells before the drying step” is the “average thickness of cells of the same type as the observation target cells that have not been subjected to the drying step and adhered to the surface of the flat substrate” in the above <Isolated cell specimen>. Corresponding to In equation (2), t 'and tw' are values in the same cell group.
 乾燥工程の完了により、本発明の単離細胞標本が得られる。この単離細胞標本は、免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる。 に よ り Upon completion of the drying step, the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is obtained. This isolated cell specimen is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
 (5)染色工程
 上記のように得られた単離細胞標本は、免疫染色及び/又は核染色に供される。必要に応じ、本発明の単離細胞標本は、免疫染色及び/又は核染色以外の方法による各種解析にも供され得る。
(5) Staining step The isolated cell specimen obtained as described above is subjected to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining. If necessary, the isolated cell specimen of the present invention can be subjected to various analyzes by methods other than immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
 上記のように得られた単離細胞標本は、免疫染色及び/又は核染色が良好である。本発明において「免疫染色及び/又は核染色が良好である」とは、染色された細胞がその本来の構造を維持しつつ、検出に十分なほどの染色によるシグナル強度が得られることを意味する。 単 離 The isolated cell specimen obtained as described above has good immunostaining and / or nuclear staining. In the present invention, "good immunostaining and / or nuclear staining" means that the stained cells can maintain their original structure and have sufficient signal intensity by staining for detection. .
<目的細胞の検出方法>
 上記の各工程を経て、本発明の単離細胞標本が得られる。得られた単離細胞標本は免疫染色及び/又は核染色に供される。免疫染色の方法としては目的細胞の種類に応じた任意の条件を採用でき、例えば蛍光標識抗体等を用いた方法が挙げられる。核染色の方法としては目的細胞の種類に応じた任意の条件を採用でき、例えばDAPI等を用いた方法が挙げられる。目的細胞としては、例えば、循環がん細胞が挙げられる。目的細胞が循環がん細胞である場合、観察対象細胞が末梢血単核細胞を含むことが好ましい。
<Method of detecting target cells>
Through the above steps, the isolated cell specimen of the present invention is obtained. The obtained isolated cell specimen is subjected to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining. As the method of immunostaining, any conditions can be adopted according to the type of the target cell, and examples thereof include a method using a fluorescently labeled antibody and the like. As the method of nuclear staining, any conditions can be adopted according to the type of the target cell, and examples thereof include a method using DAPI or the like. Examples of the target cells include circulating cancer cells. When the target cells are circulating cancer cells, the observation target cells preferably include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
 例えば、循環がん細胞検出においては、EpCAM(上皮細胞の表面マーカー)、Cytokeratin(上皮細胞の細胞内タンパク質マーカー)をそれぞれの蛍光標識抗体により染色を行う。また、抗体分子の非特異的な吸着による偽陽性を避ける目的で、CD45(白血球の表面マーカー)に対する抗体を用いた染色も同時に行うことで、EpCAM陽性、Cytokeratin陽性、CD45陰性の細胞を絞り込める。さらに、これらの抗体染色によって循環がん細胞の候補として絞り込まれた細胞に対して、DAPIによる核染色をし、核構造の正常性を評価することで、がんの転移や再発につながる危険性の高いがん細胞の存在を識別することができる。上記染色が施された単離細胞標本に対して、蛍光顕微鏡等を用いた目的細胞の検出及び解析を行い、これらの染色・観察結果を総合的に評価することで、単離細胞標本の細胞に循環がん細胞が含まれるか否かを判定する。 For example, in the detection of circulating cancer cells, EpCAM (a surface marker of epithelial cells) and Cytokeratin (an intracellular protein marker of epithelial cells) are stained with respective fluorescently labeled antibodies. In addition, EpCAM-positive, Cytokeratin-positive, and CD45-negative cells can be narrowed down by simultaneously performing staining using an antibody against CD45 (a surface marker of leukocytes) in order to avoid false positives due to nonspecific adsorption of antibody molecules. . Furthermore, DAPI nuclear staining is performed on the cells selected as candidates for circulating cancer cells by these antibody stainings to evaluate the normality of the nuclear structure, which may lead to cancer metastasis or recurrence. Can identify the presence of high cancer cells. Detection and analysis of target cells using a fluorescence microscope etc. are performed on the isolated cell specimens subjected to the staining described above, and the results of these stainings / observations are comprehensively evaluated. It is determined whether or not contains circulating cancer cells.
 なお、本発明の製造方法で得られた単離細胞標本に対して免疫染色を施す場合、膜透過処理はしなくともよい。ただし、本発明において、免疫染色に際して膜透過処理を行う態様は排除されない。通常の免疫染色においては、染色対象が細胞表面ではない場合(例えば、細胞内タンパク質を対象とするCytokeratin抗体や、細胞の核を対象とするDAPIによる染色を行う場合)、サポニン等を用いた膜透過処理を行う必要がある。すなわち、細胞内の情報を得るための染色には、前処理として膜透過処理が通常必要となる。これに対し、本発明の製造方法で得られた単離細胞標本は、このような膜透過処理をすることなく染色が可能であり、検査工程の簡略化、効率化に大きく貢献できる。 免疫 When immunostaining is performed on the isolated cell specimen obtained by the production method of the present invention, it is not necessary to perform the membrane permeation treatment. However, in the present invention, an embodiment in which a membrane permeation treatment is performed at the time of immunostaining is not excluded. In normal immunostaining, when the target to be stained is not the cell surface (for example, when cytokeratin antibody targeting intracellular proteins or DAPI targeting cell nuclei is used), a membrane using saponin or the like is used. It is necessary to perform transmission processing. That is, in order to obtain intracellular information, a membrane permeation treatment is usually required as a pretreatment. On the other hand, the isolated cell specimen obtained by the production method of the present invention can be stained without performing such a membrane permeation treatment, and can greatly contribute to simplification and efficiency of the inspection process.
 以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこの実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
<試験1:各種単離細胞標本の検討>
 以下の方法に基づき、様々な条件で単離細胞標本を作製し、検査効率を検討した。
<Test 1: Examination of various isolated cell specimens>
Based on the following method, isolated cell specimens were prepared under various conditions, and examination efficiency was examined.
(実施例1)
 以下の手順で単離細胞標本を作製し、これを染色した。
(Example 1)
An isolated cell specimen was prepared according to the following procedure and stained.
[単離細胞標本の作製]
(1)平板状基板の準備
 材質がポリスチレンであり、寸法が76mm×25mm×1mm(厚さ)のプラスチックプレートを用いた。このプラスチックプレートに対し、ソフトプラズマエッチング装置(商品名SEDE-P、メイワフォーシス社製)を使用して、酸素ガスを流量:0.25L/分(圧力:0.2kg/mに相当)、内圧6から10Pa、出力5mAから25mAの条件で15分間プラズマ照射を行った。プラズマ照射後の平板状基板表面の水の接触角は5か所の平均が5°以下であった。
(2)観察対象細胞の準備
 本例では、循環がん細胞モデルとして肺がん細胞を用い、これを少数含む細胞群を観察対象細胞として調製した。具体的には、ヒト肺がん細胞(H1650)、及び、ヒト白血病細胞(CEM)を、H1650の細胞数:CEMの細胞数=1:100となるように混合し、細胞濃度が3.33×10個/mlである観察対象細胞含有液を調製した。
(3)展開工程
 平板状基板上に、観察対象細胞含有液を、マイクロピペットを用いて3ml滴下した。滴下後、観察対象細胞含有液は基板上のほぼ全面に広がった。
(4)細胞除去工程
 比抵抗値が18.2MΩ・cmの超純水に、展開工程後の平板状基板を浸漬して、余剰の細胞を洗浄し、平板状基板の表面に付着していない細胞を除去した。
(5)乾燥工程
 細胞除去工程後、25℃、相対湿度50%の室内で50分間、平板状基板を自然乾燥し、実施例1の単離細胞標本を得た。目視及び実体顕微鏡で観察したところ、平板状基板上の細胞の配置される面に液体は認められなかった。また、赤外線水分計(商品名「ファイバー式赤外線水分計 IM-3SCV MODEL-2000」、株式会社フジワーク製)を用いて、25℃、相対湿度50%の条件下で、平板状基板表面の水分量を経時的に測定し、50分の自然乾燥により、平板状基板上の細胞の配置される面に液体がなくなったことを確認した(図5)。
(6)細胞の平均厚さの測定
 乾燥工程の前後に、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さの測定を行った。具体的には、共焦点レーザー走査型顕微鏡(商品名「FV-3000」、オリンパス株式会社製)を用いてZ-stack観察(20倍対物レンズを使用、Interval:1.05μm)を行い、シグナル強度に基づき、平板状基板上の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを測定した。
[Preparation of isolated cell specimen]
(1) Preparation of Flat Plate Substrate A polystyrene plastic plate having dimensions of 76 mm × 25 mm × 1 mm (thickness) was used. An oxygen gas flow rate of 0.25 L / min (corresponding to a pressure of 0.2 kg / m 3 ) was applied to the plastic plate by using a soft plasma etching apparatus (trade name: SADE-P, manufactured by Meiwa Forsys). Plasma irradiation was performed for 15 minutes under the conditions of an internal pressure of 6 to 10 Pa and an output of 5 mA to 25 mA. The contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate after plasma irradiation was 5 ° or less on average at five locations.
(2) Preparation of cells to be observed In this example, lung cancer cells were used as a circulating cancer cell model, and a cell group containing a small number of these cells was prepared as cells to be observed. Specifically, human lung cancer cells (H1650) and human leukemia cells (CEM) were mixed so that the cell number of H1650: the cell number of CEM = 1: 100, and the cell concentration was 3.33 × 10 3 A cell-containing solution to be observed at 6 cells / ml was prepared.
(3) Development Step 3 ml of the cell-containing solution to be observed was dropped on the flat substrate using a micropipette. After the dropping, the observation target cell-containing liquid spread over almost the entire surface of the substrate.
(4) Cell removal step The flat substrate after the development step is immersed in ultrapure water having a specific resistance value of 18.2 MΩ · cm to wash excess cells and not adhere to the surface of the flat substrate. Cells were removed.
(5) Drying Step After the cell removing step, the flat substrate was naturally dried in a room at 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% for 50 minutes to obtain an isolated cell specimen of Example 1. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged. Further, using an infrared moisture meter (trade name “Fiber type infrared moisture meter IM-3SCV MODEL-2000”, manufactured by Fuji Work Co., Ltd.), the water content on the surface of the flat substrate was measured at 25 ° C. and 50% relative humidity. Was measured over time, and it was confirmed that there was no liquid on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged by natural drying for 50 minutes (FIG. 5).
(6) Measurement of average thickness of cells Before and after the drying step, the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate was measured. Specifically, Z-stack observation (using a 20 × objective lens, using Interval: 1.05 μm) was performed using a confocal laser scanning microscope (trade name “FV-3000”, manufactured by Olympus Corporation). Based on the strength, the average thickness of the observation target cells on the flat substrate was measured.
[染色工程]
 以下の方法で、得られた単離細胞標本を免疫染色及び核染色に供した。
 免疫染色のために、EpCAM(上皮細胞の表面マーカー)、Cytokeratin(上皮細胞の細胞内タンパク質マーカー)、CD45(白血球の表面マーカー)を用いた。なお、CD45をマーカーとすることで、抗体分子の非特異的な吸着による偽陽性を避けることができるので、EpCAM陽性、かつCytokeratin陽性、かつCD45陰性の細胞を特定できる。
 また、あわせてDAPIによって核染色を行った。
(1)染色溶液の調製
 以下を全て含むPBS溶液を染色溶液として調製した。
 抗EpCAM抗体:商品名「Alexa488標識抗EpCAM抗体」、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック株式会社、50倍希釈
 抗Cytokeratin抗体:PE標識抗Cytokeratin抗体、50倍希釈
 抗CD45抗体:商品名「Alexa647標識抗CD45抗体」、30倍希釈
 DAPI:2μg/ml
(2)染色の方法
 染色溶液3mlを、各標本表面の細胞と接触するように展開し、室温、遮光下で1時間染色を行った。次いで、デカンテーションで余剰な染色液を除去した後、各標本をPBSに浸漬して洗浄した。標本上のPBSが乾燥する前に、速やかにカバーガラスを被せ、カバーガラスシーリング剤(商品名「CoverGrip」、Biotium社製)でシールした。
(3)染色性の評価
 各マーカーの染色性を以下の基準で評価した。なお、染色された細胞がその本来の構造を維持しているかどうかは、染色された細胞の輪郭や染色部位等から判断した。
 A:染色された細胞がその本来の構造を維持しており、かつ、検出に十分なほどの染色によるシグナル強度が得られた。
 B:染色された細胞がその本来の構造を維持しているものの、染色によるシグナル強度が弱かった。
 C:染色された細胞がその本来の構造を維持していない、かつ/又は、染色によるシグナルが認められなかった。
[Dyeing process]
The obtained isolated cell specimen was subjected to immunostaining and nuclear staining by the following method.
For immunostaining, EpCAM (a surface marker for epithelial cells), Cytokeratin (an intracellular protein marker for epithelial cells), and CD45 (a surface marker for leukocytes) were used. By using CD45 as a marker, false positives due to nonspecific adsorption of antibody molecules can be avoided, so that EpCAM-positive, Cytokeratin-positive, and CD45-negative cells can be identified.
Nuclear staining was also performed with DAPI.
(1) Preparation of staining solution A PBS solution containing all of the following was prepared as a staining solution.
Anti-EpCAM antibody: trade name “Alexa488-labeled anti-EpCAM antibody”, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 50-fold diluted anti-cytokeratin antibody: PE-labeled anti-cytokeratin antibody, 50-fold diluted anti-CD45 antibody: trade name “Alexa 647-labeled anti-CD45 antibody” ”, 30-fold dilution DAPI: 2 μg / ml
(2) Staining method 3 ml of the staining solution was developed so as to be in contact with the cells on the surface of each specimen, and staining was performed at room temperature under light shielding for 1 hour. Next, after removing excess staining solution by decantation, each specimen was immersed in PBS and washed. Before the PBS on the specimen was dried, the sample was immediately covered with a cover glass and sealed with a cover glass sealant (trade name “CoverGrip”, manufactured by Biotium).
(3) Evaluation of Staining Property The staining property of each marker was evaluated according to the following criteria. Whether or not the stained cells maintained their original structure was determined based on the outline of the stained cells, the staining site, and the like.
A: The stained cells maintain their original structure, and a signal intensity by staining sufficient for detection was obtained.
B: Although the stained cells maintained their original structure, the signal intensity due to staining was weak.
C: The stained cells did not maintain their original structure and / or no signal due to staining was observed.
(比較例1)
 乾燥工程において、自然乾燥の代わりに、1200Wのドライヤーを用いて、熱風を1.5cmの距離から10秒間あてた点以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例1の単離細胞標本を作製した。目視及び実体顕微鏡で観察したところ、平板状基板上の細胞の配置される面に液体は認められなかった。
(Comparative Example 1)
In the drying step, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that hot air was blown from a distance of 1.5 cm for 10 seconds using a 1200 W dryer instead of natural drying, and the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 1 was dried. Was prepared. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged.
(比較例2)
 乾燥工程において、自然乾燥の代わりに、1200Wのドライヤーを用いて、熱風を10cmの距離から30秒間あてた点以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例2の単離細胞標本を作製した。目視及び実体顕微鏡で観察したところ、平板状基板上の細胞の配置される面に液体は認められなかった。
(Comparative Example 2)
In the drying step, an isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hot air was blown from a distance of 10 cm for 30 seconds using a 1200 W dryer instead of natural drying. did. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged.
(比較例3)
 乾燥工程において、自然乾燥の代わりに、1200Wのドライヤーを用いて、冷風を1.5cmの距離から50秒間あてた点以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例3の単離細胞標本を作製した。目視及び実体顕微鏡で観察したところ、平板状基板上の細胞の配置される面に液体は認められなかった。
(Comparative Example 3)
In the drying step, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that cold air was blown from a distance of 1.5 cm for 50 seconds using a 1200 W dryer instead of natural drying, and the isolated cell specimen of Comparative Example 3 was dried. Was prepared. As a result of visual observation and observation with a stereoscopic microscope, no liquid was observed on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells were arranged.
(比較例4)
 実施例1と同様の平板状基板を使用し、接着剤によって、液体を保持するためのアクリル製の枠(幅2mm、高さ2mm)を平板状基板上の周辺部に固定した。観察対象細胞は実施例1と同様に調製した。観察対象細胞を基板上に配置した後、観察対象細胞を常時緩衝液中に保持した状態で後述の染色及び観察までを行った。
(Comparative Example 4)
Using the same plate-like substrate as in Example 1, an acrylic frame (2 mm in width and 2 mm in height) for holding the liquid was fixed to the peripheral portion on the plate-like substrate by an adhesive. Observation target cells were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. After disposing the observation target cells on the substrate, the staining and observation described below were performed while the observation target cells were always kept in the buffer.
(比較例5)
 後述の染色工程前に、常法であるサポニンを使用した膜透過処理を行った点以外は、比較例4と同様の操作を行った。
(Comparative Example 5)
The same operation as in Comparative Example 4 was performed, except that a membrane permeation treatment using a conventional saponin was performed before the staining step described below.
(結果)
 評価結果を表1に示す。また、免疫染色及び核染色の結果を図6~11に示す。実施例1及び比較例1~3については、(t/tw)を以下のように特定した。つまり、比較例4の細胞の厚さを(tw)として扱った。
(t/tw)=「平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さ(t)」/「比較例4の平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さ(tw)」
(result)
Table 1 shows the evaluation results. 6 to 11 show the results of immunostaining and nuclear staining. For Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, (t / tw) was specified as follows. That is, the thickness of the cell of Comparative Example 4 was treated as (tw).
(T / tw) = “Average thickness of observation target cell adhered to surface of flat substrate (t)” / “average thickness of observation cell adhered to surface of flat substrate of Comparative Example 4 (tw) "
 なお、実施例1及び比較例1~3について、以下のように特定される(t’/tw’)も、(t/tw)と同様の値だった。
(t’/tw’)=「平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程後の観察対象細胞の平均厚さ(t’)」/「平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程前の観察対象細胞の平均厚さ(tw’)」
In addition, in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, (t ′ / tw ′) specified as follows was the same value as (t / tw).
(T ′ / tw ′) = “average thickness of observation target cells adhered to the surface of the flat substrate after the drying step (t ′)” / “observed before the drying step, adhered to the surface of the flat substrate Average thickness of target cells (tw ') "
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 実施例1(図6)は観察対象細胞の平均厚さが適正な範囲にあり、平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しない標本である。この標本においては、循環がん細胞を特定するための4種類のマーカーを明瞭に検出でき、標本上の細胞密度も密な状態であった。 Example 1 (FIG. 6) is a specimen in which the average thickness of the cells to be observed is in an appropriate range and the liquid is not substantially present on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged. In this specimen, four types of markers for identifying circulating cancer cells could be clearly detected, and the cell density on the specimen was dense.
 比較例1(図7)及び比較例2(図8)は、熱風乾燥を行った点以外は実施例1と同様に作製した標本である。この標本においては、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さが規定範囲以下の扁平なものとなり、細胞が本来の構造を維持しておらず、CD45抗体での染色性が著しく低下した。また、比較例1については、標本上の細胞密度も低い(悪い)ものとなった。他方で、比較例3(図9)のように冷風乾燥を行った場合も、熱風乾燥を行った場合同様に、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さが規定範囲以下の扁平なものとなり、CD45抗体での染色性が著しく低下した。 Comparative Example 1 (FIG. 7) and Comparative Example 2 (FIG. 8) are samples prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hot air drying was performed. In this specimen, the average thickness of the cells to be observed attached to the surface of the flat substrate becomes flat within a specified range, the cells do not maintain their original structure, and the staining property with the CD45 antibody is remarkable. Dropped. In Comparative Example 1, the cell density on the specimen was also low (bad). On the other hand, in the case where the cold air drying was performed as in Comparative Example 3 (FIG. 9), similarly to the case where the hot air drying was performed, the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate was equal to or less than the specified range. It became flat and the staining with the CD45 antibody was significantly reduced.
 比較例4(図10)及び比較例5(図11)は一般的に行われている免疫染色と同様に標本を染色した結果である。これらの標本の作製にあたっては、終始、緩衝液中で全ての操作を行ったため、細胞の平均厚さは本来の厚さを維持しており、適正な範囲にあるが、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さを大きく超える液面高さの液体が共存する標本である。比較例4はサポニンによる膜透過処理を行わなかったサンプルであり、Cytokeratin抗体及びDAPIによる染色ができなかった。これに対し、比較例5は常法によるサポニンでの膜透過処理を行ったもので、循環がん細胞を特定するための4種類のマーカーを検出でき、標本上の細胞密度も密な状態であった。 Comparative Example 4 (FIG. 10) and Comparative Example 5 (FIG. 11) show the results of staining the specimen in the same manner as commonly performed immunostaining. When preparing these specimens, all operations were performed in a buffer solution throughout, so the average thickness of the cells maintained the original thickness and was within an appropriate range, but the surface of the flat substrate was This is a specimen in which a liquid having a liquid level significantly exceeding the average thickness of the attached observation target cells coexists. Comparative Example 4 was a sample that was not subjected to membrane permeation treatment with saponin, and could not be stained with Cytokeratin antibody and DAPI. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 5, the membrane permeation treatment with saponin was performed by a conventional method, and four types of markers for identifying circulating cancer cells could be detected, and the cell density on the sample was high. there were.
 実施例1は、CD45抗体での染色性に優れる点、及び、膜透過処理をすることなく、DAPI等の核染色が可能であり検査効率が良い点で、一般的な試験法である比較例4に対して優れている。 Example 1 is a comparative example which is a general test method in that it has excellent staining properties with the CD45 antibody, and that nuclear staining of DAPI or the like can be performed without membrane permeation treatment and inspection efficiency is high. Excellent for 4.
 さらに、実施例1と同様に繰り返し標本を作製しても、安定的に、平板状基板上に細胞を密に単層配置させることができた。これに対し、比較例4及び比較例5の方法では、平板状基板上に細胞を密に配置できる場合もあるが、細胞が偏在して疎な部分ができる場合もあった。したがって、本発明の方法は、細胞を、平板状基板上に安定的に単層配置できる点でも検査効率に優れる。 Furthermore, even when the specimen was repeatedly prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, the cells could be stably arranged in a single layer on the flat substrate stably. On the other hand, in the methods of Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the cells could be densely arranged on the plate-like substrate in some cases, but sometimes the cells were unevenly distributed to form sparse parts. Therefore, the method of the present invention is also excellent in inspection efficiency in that cells can be stably arranged in a single layer on a flat substrate.
<試験2:自然乾燥の条件の検討>
 自然乾燥の時間を1~72時間の範囲内で変えた点以外は上記試験1の実験例1と同様に4つの単離細胞標本を作製した。
<Test 2: Examination of natural drying conditions>
Four isolated cell specimens were prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 of Test 1 except that the time for air drying was changed within the range of 1 to 72 hours.
 自然乾燥を行っていない単離細胞標本(ウェットな系)、及び、自然乾燥後の単離細胞標本に対し、上記試験1と同様に抗体染色を行った。 抗体 Antibody staining was performed on the isolated cell specimen that had not been air-dried (wet system) and the isolated cell specimen that had been air-dried in the same manner as in Test 1 described above.
 抗体染色後、共焦点レーザー走査型顕微鏡(商品名「FV-3000」、オリンパス株式会社製)を用いてZ-stack観察(20倍対物レンズを使用、Interval:1.05μm)を行い、シグナル強度に基づき、平板状基板上の細胞の平均厚さを測定した。その結果を表2に示す。 After antibody staining, Z-stack observation (using a 20 × objective lens, Interval: 1.05 μm) was performed using a confocal laser scanning microscope (trade name “FV-3000”, manufactured by Olympus Corporation), and the signal intensity was measured. , The average thickness of the cells on the flat substrate was measured. Table 2 shows the results.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 自然乾燥したいずれの単離細胞標本も、厚みは約15μmであり、ウェットな系と比較して±3%以内だった。この結果から、意外にも、長時間にわたって乾燥させた場合でも、標本の細胞厚さはウェットな系と同程度となることが示された。 (4) The thickness of each of the naturally dried isolated cell specimens was about 15 μm, which was within ± 3% as compared with the wet system. The results showed that, surprisingly, even when dried for a long time, the cell thickness of the specimen was comparable to that of the wet system.

Claims (8)

  1.  平板状基板の表面に観察対象細胞が付着した単離細胞標本であって、
     前記平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在せず、
     前記観察対象細胞の平均厚さが以下の式(1)を満たし、
     免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる、単離細胞標本。
     (t/tw)≧0.95  式(1)
    (式(1)中、
     tは、平板状基板の表面に付着した観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
     twは、平板状基板の表面に付着した、乾燥工程を経ていない前記観察対象細胞と同種の細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
    An isolated cell specimen having observation target cells attached to the surface of a flat substrate,
    Liquid is not substantially present on the surface of the plate-shaped substrate on which the cells are arranged,
    The average thickness of the observation target cells satisfies the following equation (1);
    An isolated cell specimen used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
    (T / tw) ≧ 0.95 Equation (1)
    (In equation (1),
    t represents the average thickness of the observation target cells attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
    tw represents an average thickness of cells of the same kind as the cells to be observed, which has not been subjected to the drying step and adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
  2.  前記観察対象細胞が末梢血単核細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の単離細胞標本。 単 離 The isolated cell specimen according to claim 1, wherein the observation target cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  3.  前記平板状基板の前記観察対象細胞が配置される表面における水の接触角が、25℃において10°以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の単離細胞標本。 (3) The isolated cell specimen according to (1) or (2), wherein the contact angle of water on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells to be observed are arranged is 10 ° or less at 25 ° C.
  4.  平板状基板上に観察対象細胞含有液を展開する展開工程と、
     前記展開工程の後、前記平板状基板の表面に付着していない細胞を除去する細胞除去工程と、
     前記細胞除去工程の後、前記平板状基板を、前記平板状基板の細胞が配置された面に液体が実質的に存在しなくなるまで自然乾燥する乾燥工程と、
    を含む、免疫染色及び/又は核染色に用いられる、単離細胞標本の製造方法。
    A developing step of developing the observation target cell-containing solution on a flat substrate,
    After the developing step, a cell removing step of removing cells not attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
    After the cell removing step, the flat substrate, a drying step of naturally drying until liquid substantially does not exist on the surface of the flat substrate on which the cells are arranged,
    A method for producing an isolated cell specimen, which is used for immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  5.  前記乾燥工程の前後において、前記観察対象細胞の平均厚さが以下の式(2)を満たす、請求項4に記載の単離細胞標本の製造方法。
     (t’/tw’)≧0.95  式(2)
    (式(2)中、
     t’は、平板状基板の表面に付着した、前記乾燥工程後の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表し、
     tw’は、平板状基板の表面に付着した、前記乾燥工程前の観察対象細胞の平均厚さを表す。)
    The method for producing an isolated cell specimen according to claim 4, wherein before and after the drying step, the average thickness of the observation target cell satisfies the following expression (2).
    (T ′ / tw ′) ≧ 0.95 Equation (2)
    (In equation (2),
    t ′ is the average thickness of the observation target cells after the drying step, which is attached to the surface of the flat substrate,
    tw ′ represents the average thickness of the observation target cells before the drying step, which adhered to the surface of the flat substrate. )
  6.  前記細胞除去工程において、細胞の除去を水又は水溶液を用いて行い、前記水又は前記水溶液の比抵抗値が10Ω・cm以上である、請求項4又は5に記載の製造方法。 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the cell removing step, cells are removed using water or an aqueous solution, and the specific resistance of the water or the aqueous solution is 10 Ω · cm or more. 7.
  7.  請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の単離細胞標本に免疫染色及び/又は核染色を施す工程を含む、目的細胞の検出方法。 (4) A method for detecting a target cell, comprising a step of subjecting the isolated cell specimen according to any one of (1) to (3) to immunostaining and / or nuclear staining.
  8.  前記観察対象細胞が末梢血単核細胞を含み、かつ、前記目的細胞が循環がん細胞である、請求項7に記載の検出方法。 The detection method according to claim 7, wherein the observation target cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the target cells are circulating cancer cells.
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