WO2019208728A1 - Système à interconnexion avec une ligne de production d'énergie hydroélectrique - Google Patents

Système à interconnexion avec une ligne de production d'énergie hydroélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019208728A1
WO2019208728A1 PCT/JP2019/017778 JP2019017778W WO2019208728A1 WO 2019208728 A1 WO2019208728 A1 WO 2019208728A1 JP 2019017778 W JP2019017778 W JP 2019017778W WO 2019208728 A1 WO2019208728 A1 WO 2019208728A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
generator
current
rectifier
detection means
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PCT/JP2019/017778
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
水谷　政敏
伊藤　隆志
寛太 木村
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Ntn株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2018086834A external-priority patent/JP7191544B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2018086833A external-priority patent/JP7191543B2/ja
Application filed by Ntn株式会社 filed Critical Ntn株式会社
Priority to KR1020207031328A priority Critical patent/KR20210003771A/ko
Priority to CN201980028037.6A priority patent/CN112020808A/zh
Publication of WO2019208728A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019208728A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation system interconnection system in which a hydroelectric power generation apparatus such as a small hydropower generation apparatus is linked to an AC commercial power system.
  • Hydropower generator is a system that uses the kinetic energy of running water for power generation.
  • the main configuration includes a water wheel that rotates in response to a flow of water, a generator that is connected to the water wheel to convert rotational energy into electric energy, a power generator output, and a control device that controls the water wheel. Since the optimum power to be extracted from the generator varies depending on the flow velocity, the control device measures the flow velocity, the rotation speed of the turbine or the generated voltage of the generator, determines the optimum power to be extracted from the generator, and determines the generator power. Control so that the quantity and the optimum value match.
  • a grid-connected system that sells power generated by hydroelectric power linked to an AC commercial power grid (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “grid”) has a maximum efficiency torque so that the output of the generator is maximized.
  • grid has a maximum efficiency torque so that the output of the generator is maximized.
  • generator control means generator control driver
  • output voltage control means system-connected inverter
  • the power conversion circuit 52 that converts the output of the three-phase alternating current of the generator 51 of the hydroelectric generator into direct current
  • the generator control means 53 that is the control means
  • a grid interconnection system is constituted by a grid interconnection inverter composed of an inverter 55 that converts AC power and its output voltage control means 56 (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the configuration of a conventional grid-connected hydroelectric power generation system includes a synchronous generator, a generator control means (generator control driver) dedicated to the synchronous generator, and an output voltage control means (system-connected inverter). Because it is a specially designed device tailored to the equipment, the equipment is expensive. Therefore, in the power generation device for small power generation installed in irrigation channels such as agricultural water and industrial water, so-called small hydroelectric power generation device, the ratio of the cost occupied by electrical equipment for grid connection in the entire system increases. It is uneconomical.
  • the present invention solves the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hydroelectric power grid interconnection system in which a general-purpose product can be used as a means for grid interconnection, and the cost can be reduced while ensuring quality. That is.
  • the hydropower system interconnection system of the present invention includes a water turbine 1, a generator 3 that converts rotational energy of the water turbine 1 into electric energy, a rectifier 15 that converts the generated power of the generator 3 into DC power, and the rectifier 15 includes a power conditioner 8 that converts the DC power rectified in 15 into AC power that can be connected to the grid 9, and a control device 4 that controls the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 by adjusting the load of the generator 3.
  • the power conditioner 8 is an integral general-purpose product.
  • the control for changing the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 by adjusting the load of the generator 3 is performed by controlling the maximum power point control (MPPT control) of the control device 4 and the power conditioner 8 provided separately from the power conditioner 8. ) And the like, and the generated power converted into direct current is supplied to the power conditioner 8 by performing the AC / DC conversion control in the control device 4, so that the general-purpose power conditioner 8 can be used. .
  • MPPT control maximum power point control
  • the generated power converted into direct current is supplied to the power conditioner 8 by performing the AC / DC conversion control in the control device 4, so that the general-purpose power conditioner 8 can be used.
  • the integrated general-purpose power conditioner 8 is used as it is for the equipment that connects the generated power to the grid 9, it is cheaper than the case of using a specially designed equipment while ensuring quality. It is possible to provide a power generation system.
  • the “general-purpose product” referred to in this specification is not designed exclusively for a specific type of power generator, but is a range of power and voltage that can be processed by input, and the voltage of the grid 9 connected to the system. And if the frequency is matched, it means that the device is applicable.
  • An “integrated general-purpose product” refers to a general-purpose product in which all components are incorporated in a common housing and can be handled as a single object.
  • the power conditioner 8 may be a general-purpose product for connection to the solar power generation system 9. That is, the power conditioner 8 which connects the solar cell panel with which the photovoltaic cell was combined with the system
  • strain 9 may be sufficient.
  • Photovoltaic power generation is spreading, and many power conditioners 8 for grid interconnection are commercially available at low cost and high quality due to mass production effects. By using such a commercially available power conditioner 8, it is possible to construct an even more inexpensive and high-quality hydropower system interconnection system.
  • the rectifier 15 may include a rectification function unit 15a that performs rectification and a switch function unit 14 that turns on and off the input of the power generated by the generator 3 to the rectification function unit 15a. If the rectifier 15 for rectifying the generated power has a switch function for turning it on and off, the generator 3 and the system 9 can be disconnected, and it is possible to cope with overvoltage power caused by high-speed rotation of the turbine 1 or power failure of the system 9. Becomes easy.
  • a consumption resistance device that is connected between the generator 3 and the power conditioner 8 and absorbs overvoltage power by resistance, and when the generated power of the generator 3 becomes an overvoltage higher than a set voltage, Consumption resistance control means for causing the consumption resistance device to absorb overvoltage power generated in the generated power may be provided.
  • the consumption resistance device and the consumption resistance control means are provided in this way, it is possible to absorb the overvoltage power generated by the high speed rotation of the water turbine 1 or the power failure of the system 9, and this hydraulic power system interconnection system is configured. Degradation and damage due to overvoltage of the equipment can be prevented.
  • the control device may not have means for consuming the generated power by resistance when the rectifying function unit is off.
  • the rectifier 15 has a switch function unit 14 for turning on and off the input of the power generated by the generator 3 to the rectification function unit 15a, the control device 4 and the power condition are protected against overvoltage power caused by high-speed rotation of the water turbine 1. Na 8 can be protected. Since the control device 4 does not have means for consuming generated power by resistance when the rectifying function unit 15a is off, an increase in cost due to consumption resistance means can be suppressed.
  • the high speed rotation of the water turbine 1 can be dealt with by providing a brake means or the like.
  • Voltage detection means 18 for measuring the voltage rectified by the rectifier 15 of the generator 3;
  • Current detection means 17 for measuring the current rectified by the rectifier 15 of the generator 3;
  • Current calculating means for calculating the current detected by the current detecting means 17;
  • Rotational speed detection means 19 for detecting the rotational speed of the generator 3 from the frequency of the generated power of the generator 3; It is determined from the voltage, current, and rotation speed detected by the voltage detection means 18, the current detection means 17, and the rotation speed detection means 19, and the start, stop, and abnormal signals output from the power conditioner 8.
  • Fail safe control means 23 for performing either one or both of shutting off the input to the rectifier 15 of the generator 3 and braking of the braking means 10 provided in the generator 3 when the protection operating condition is satisfied. You may have.
  • voltage detection means 18 for measuring the voltage rectified by the rectifier 15 of the generator 3;
  • Current detection means 17 for measuring the current rectified by the rectifier 15 of the generator 3;
  • Current calculating means for calculating the current detected by the current detecting means 17;
  • Rotational speed detection means 19 for detecting the rotational speed of the generator 3 from the frequency of the generated power of the generator 3; It is determined from the voltage, current, and rotation speed detected by the voltage detection means 18, the current detection means 17, and the rotation speed detection means 19, and the start, stop, and abnormal signals output from the power conditioner 8.
  • the protection operation condition is satisfied, either or both of the command to turn off the switch function unit 14 of the rectifier 15 of the generator 3 and the braking of the braking means 10 provided in the generator 3 are performed. You may have the fail safe control means 23 to perform.
  • the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. 1 is an example of a hydroelectric generator in which the hydraulic turbine 1 is a horizontal axis type (propeller type).
  • the water wheel 1 is a relatively small water wheel installed in a waterway such as agricultural water, industrial water, or water and sewage.
  • the water wheel 1 is rotated by the kinetic energy of water, and the main shaft 1 a of the water wheel 1 rotates the generator 3.
  • a hydroelectric generator 2 is constituted by the turbine 1 and the generator 3.
  • the hydroelectric generator 2 is provided with braking means such as an electromagnetic brake 10 that brakes the water turbine 1 or the generator 3.
  • the generator 3 is connected to the system 9 via the control device 4 and the power conditioner 8.
  • the system 9 is an AC commercial power system, for example, 100V or 200V, 50 or 60 Hz low voltage wiring.
  • the hydro turbine 1, the generator 3, the control device 4, and the power conditioner 8 constitute a hydroelectric power system interconnection system.
  • the generator 3 is a three-phase synchronous generator using a permanent magnet, and is fastened to the main shaft 1a by a coupling (not shown) or the like.
  • a speed increaser (not shown) is provided between the main shaft 1a and the generator 3 as necessary.
  • torque is applied to the turbine 1 from the generator 3, and the rotation of the turbine 1 is braked.
  • the load is increased, the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 is decreased.
  • the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 is increased.
  • a control device 4, a power conditioner 8, and a system 9 are connected as a load of the generator 3.
  • the control device 4 and the power conditioner 8 increase or decrease the torque of the generator 3 according to the flow velocity of the water channel so as to control the water turbine 1 to rotate at an optimum rotation speed.
  • the flow velocity of the water channel is detected by an anemometer 25.
  • the torque of the generator 3 may be increased or decreased according to the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 or the rotation speed of the generator 3.
  • the rotational speed of the generator 3 may be detected from the frequency of the generated power.
  • the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 and the rotational speed of the generator 3 are in a fixed relationship, and if one of them can be detected, the other can be found by calculation.
  • the control device 4 includes a main circuit unit 6, a control circuit unit 5 that controls the main circuit unit 6, and a consumption resistance device 7.
  • the main circuit unit 6 is provided with a rectifier 15 that converts the three-phase AC power of the generator 3 into a direct current and a DC / DC converter 16 that boosts the rectified direct current.
  • the DC / DC converter 16 uses, for example, a voltage that can control the voltage on the secondary side that is the boost side by a control input.
  • the power conditioner 8 is a device connected in parallel with the system 9 and converts the input DC power into AC power having a voltage (slightly higher voltage), frequency, and phase equivalent to the system 9.
  • an integral general-purpose product is used. That is, a general-purpose product that can be handled as an integrated device in which components (not shown) are housed in a housing is used.
  • a power conditioner that is mass-produced for photovoltaic power generation that converts the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation into AC power that can be connected to the grid 9 is used.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a power conditioner 8 for photovoltaic power generation used in this embodiment.
  • the power conditioner 8 includes a DC / DC converter 31, a DC / AC inverter 32, and a control means 33.
  • the DC / DC converter 31 is a means for boosting the input DC power to a voltage corresponding to the voltage of the system 9, and the output voltage is variable.
  • the input voltage of the DC / DC converter 31 is the output voltage of the solar cell module 36 which is the original use of the power conditioner 8, and is the voltage output for grid connection in general solar power generation.
  • One of the voltages (for example, single phase 100 / 200V or three phase 200V) is used.
  • the DC / AC inverter 32 converts the DC power output from the DC / DC converter 31 into AC power having a frequency and phase that can be linked to the system 9.
  • the control means 33 includes a power control unit 34 and a maximum power point control unit 35.
  • the power control unit 34 performs basic control on the DC / DC converter 31 and the DC / AC inverter 32.
  • the maximum power point control unit 35 gives a command to the power control unit 34 so as to perform maximum power point tracking control (MPPT control) by the hill-climbing method.
  • MPPT control maximum power point tracking control
  • the MPPT control will be described.
  • the amount of power generated by a power generation device such as the solar cell module 36 is determined by the product of the voltage and current, but the generated voltage and current vary.
  • the MPPT control by the maximum power point tracking control unit 35 always searches for an operating point that is a combination of voltage and current so that the maximum output is generated.
  • the power control unit 34 controls the DC / DC converter 31 and the DC / AC inverter 32 so as to work at the operating point obtained by the maximum power point control unit 35 as described above.
  • the control unit 33 may be configured to control the DC / DC converter 31 and the DC / AC inverter 32 by, for example, a pulse width modulation method without providing the maximum power point control unit 35.
  • FIG. 2 shows a specific configuration example of the control device 4 provided between the generator 3 and the power conditioner 8.
  • the main circuit unit 6 includes an AC / DC control power source 13, an ammeter 17 as current detection means, a rotation speed detection means 19, and a voltmeter 18 as voltage detection means.
  • the rectifier 15 is means for converting the three-phase AC generated power of the generator 3 into direct current, and has a rectifier function unit 15a for performing this conversion and a switch function unit 14.
  • the rectifier function unit 15a is composed of a half-bridge circuit in which two semiconductor switching elements (not shown) positioned on the positive potential side and the negative potential side of the output are provided for each phase.
  • the switch function unit 14 includes switching elements (not shown) for each phase that open and close a circuit that is input from the generator 3 to the rectifier function unit 15a.
  • Each switching element of the switch function unit 14 is an element that can be opened and closed by a control input.
  • the AC / DC control power supply 13 is a power supply for operating the control device 4, converts a part of the AC power generated by the generator 3 into DC power, and supplies the DC power to the control circuit unit 5 and the consumption resistance device 7.
  • another power supply such as a battery may be used.
  • the ammeter 17 detects the current value of the current boosted by the DC / DC converter 16.
  • the voltmeter 18 detects the voltage value of the boosted current. That is, the ammeter 17 and the voltmeter 18 detect the current and voltage input to the power conditioner 8.
  • the rotation speed detection means 19 detects the rotation speed of the generator 3 from the frequency of the generated current. This detection is performed on the power before rectification of the rectifier 15.
  • the consumption resistance device 7 is means for consuming electric power generated by the generator 3 for rotation control of the windmill 1, circuit protection, and the like.
  • the consumption resistance device 7 includes a consumption resistance 7a for short-circuiting the positive potential side wiring and the negative potential side between the DC / DC converter 16 and the power conditioner 8, and the consumption resistance 7a.
  • the switch 7b is connected in series with the switch 7b, and the consumption resistance control means 22 opens and closes the switch 7b.
  • the purpose of the consumption resistance device 7 is that when the grid connection is stopped due to a power outage or the like while the hydroelectric power generation system is generating power, the system load is no load, the generator 3 is at high speed, and the generated voltage is overvoltage. This is to protect the solar power conditioner 8 by determining that the consumption resistance control means 22 and turning on the switch 7b and consuming overvoltage power with the consumption resistance 7a.
  • the normal state is that the switch b is in the OFF state.
  • the control circuit unit 5 includes power generation control means 12, brake control means 11 for controlling the electromagnetic brake 10, and fail-safe control means 23.
  • the power generation control means 12 is means for controlling the turbine 1 to rotate at an optimum rotational speed by increasing or decreasing the torque of the generator 3 according to the flow velocity.
  • the power generation control means 12 increases or decreases the generator torque according to a predetermined control rule from the flow velocity of the water channel obtained from the anemometer 25 or the rotation speed of the generator 3 detected by the rotation speed detection means 19.
  • the control signal is generated to control the output voltage of the DC / DC converter.
  • the power control unit 34 in the power conditioner 8 is controlled by the control signal.
  • the MPPT control of the general-purpose / photovoltaic power conditioner 8 is used without modification, and control is performed so as to obtain the maximum power at the flow velocity.
  • the control device 4 performs system control such as fail-safe and operation / stop control, and performs control other than MPPT control in the power conditioner 8. Note that the MPPT control of the power conditioner 8 for general purpose / photovoltaic power generation may be stopped and the MPPT control may be performed by the control device 4.
  • the fail safe control means 23 is the voltage, current, and rotation speed detected by the voltmeter 18, the ammeter 17, and the rotation speed detection means 19, and the start, stop, and abnormality output by the power conditioner 8. From the signal, when a predetermined protective operation condition is satisfied, either the input cutoff to the rectifier 15 of the generator 3 or the braking of the electromagnetic brake 10 which is a braking means provided in the generator 1 Or do both.
  • the protection operation condition is, for example, when any of the voltage, current, and rotation speed exceeds a threshold value determined for each, and when a stop or abnormal signal is input from the power conditioner 8. .
  • control device 4 and the power conditioner 8 are connected by communication means such as serial communication LAN communication.
  • control device 4 includes an external I / O unit 21 that performs serial communication LAN communication with an external device.
  • the integrated general-purpose power conditioner 8 is used as it is for the equipment that connects the generated power to the grid 9, it is less expensive than the case of using a specially designed equipment while ensuring quality. It is possible to provide a hydroelectric power generation system.
  • the power conditioner 8 is a power conditioner 8 for photovoltaic power generation
  • solar power generation has been spreading, and many power conditioners for grid interconnection are commercially available with high functionality, durability, and reliability that are inexpensive and of good quality due to mass production effects.
  • By using such a commercially available power conditioner it is possible to construct an even more inexpensive and high-quality hydropower system interconnection system.
  • this hydropower system interconnection system has the following advantages. Since the rectifier 15 that rectifies the generated power has the switch function unit 14, the generator 3 and the system 9 can be disconnected, and the overvoltage power generated by the high-speed rotation of the water turbine 1, the power failure of the system 9, etc. Easy to handle.
  • the consumption resistance device 7 and the consumption resistance control means 22 are provided, it is possible to absorb overvoltage power generated by high-speed rotation of the water turbine 1 or a power failure of the system 9, and this hydraulic power system interconnection system is configured. Degradation and damage due to overvoltage of the equipment can be prevented. Since the fail-safe control means 23 is provided, deterioration and damage due to overvoltage of the devices constituting the hydroelectric power generation system interconnection system can be prevented even better.
  • FIGS. A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the same reference numerals are given to portions corresponding to the matters described in the first embodiment, and the overlapping description is omitted.
  • the other parts of the configuration are the same as those described in advance unless otherwise specified.
  • the control device 4 includes a main circuit unit 6 and a control circuit unit 5 that controls the main circuit unit 6. That is, the control device 4 does not include the consumption resistance device 7.
  • the switch function unit 14 includes switching elements for each phase that open and close a circuit input from the generator 3 to the rectifier function unit 15a.
  • Each switching element of the switch function unit 14 is an element that can be opened and closed by a control input.
  • FIG. 6 shows a specific example of the switch function unit 14.
  • the switch function unit 14 has a thyristor 14a and a diode 14b for each phase, and when a voltage higher than a set voltage acts on the voltage input to the switch function unit 14, the thyristor 14a of each phase is activated.
  • An over-voltage off command means 14c for turning off is provided.
  • the overvoltage-time OFF command means 14c returns the thyristor 14a to ON.
  • a hysteresis may be provided by providing a difference between the voltage to be turned off and the voltage to be turned on to avoid frequent on / off repetitions in the vicinity of the set voltage.
  • the rectifier 15 has the off-voltage off command means 14c.
  • the over-voltage off command means 14c may be provided in the control circuit unit 5.
  • the control for changing the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 by adjusting the load of the generator 3 is performed by the MPPT control of the power conditioner 8 and the control device 4 provided separately from the power conditioner 8. Since the DC generated power is supplied to the power conditioner 8 by performing fail-safe control and AC / DC conversion control according to 4, the general-purpose power conditioner 8 can be used. In this way, the unitary power product 8 that is a commercially available integrated general-purpose product is used without modification in the device that connects the generated power to the grid 9, and the MPPT control function of the power conditioner 8 is also used as it is. Since it uses and controls the rotation speed of the water turbine 1, it is possible to provide an inexpensive hydroelectric power generation system as compared with the case of using a specially designed device while ensuring quality.
  • this hydropower system interconnection system has the following advantages. Since the rectifier 15 that rectifies the generated power has the switch function unit 14, the switch function unit 14 can be turned off so that the generator 3 and the system 9 can be disconnected. It becomes easy to cope with overvoltage power generated by the above. When the switch function unit 14 is turned off, the load on the water wheel 1 is lightened and the water wheel 1 rotates faster. However, the electromagnetic brake 10 applies a braking force to the water wheel 1 to reduce the rotation speed of the water wheel 1. You may make it protect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système qui effectue une liaison avec une ligne de production d'énergie hydroélectrique, des composants à usage général pouvant être utilisés pour des unités fonctionnelles conçues pour des interconnexions de lignes, et les coûts pouvant être réduits tout en garantissant la qualité. L'invention comprend une turbine hydraulique (1), un générateur (3) qui convertit l'énergie de rotation de la turbine hydraulique en énergie électrique, un redresseur (15) qui convertit la puissance générée par ce générateur (3) en puissance c.c., un conditionneur d'énergie (8) qui convertit la puissance c.c. redressée par ce redresseur (15) en puissance c.a. qui peut être interconnectée avec une ligne (9), et un dispositif de commande (4) qui ajuste la charge du générateur (3) et commande la vitesse de rotation de la turbine à eau (1). Le conditionneur d'énergie (8) est un composant à usage général intégré et est, par exemple, un conditionneur d'énergie destiné à la production d'hélioélectricité.
PCT/JP2019/017778 2018-04-27 2019-04-25 Système à interconnexion avec une ligne de production d'énergie hydroélectrique WO2019208728A1 (fr)

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CN201980028037.6A CN112020808A (zh) 2018-04-27 2019-04-25 水利发电***连接***

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JP2018086834A JP7191544B2 (ja) 2018-04-27 2018-04-27 水力発電系統連系システム
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