WO2019162634A1 - Additive manufacturing device - Google Patents

Additive manufacturing device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019162634A1
WO2019162634A1 PCT/FR2019/050422 FR2019050422W WO2019162634A1 WO 2019162634 A1 WO2019162634 A1 WO 2019162634A1 FR 2019050422 W FR2019050422 W FR 2019050422W WO 2019162634 A1 WO2019162634 A1 WO 2019162634A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
manufacturing
manufacturing chamber
relative
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2019/050422
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Nicaise
Original Assignee
Addup
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Addup filed Critical Addup
Publication of WO2019162634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019162634A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/38—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of selective additive manufacturing.
  • Selective additive manufacturing consists in producing three-dimensional objects by consolidating selected areas on successive layers of powder material (metal powder, ceramic powder, etc.).
  • the consolidated areas correspond to successive sections of the three-dimensional object.
  • the consolidation is done for example layer by layer, by a total or partial selective melting carried out with a source of consolidation (high power laser beam, electron beam, etc.).
  • an additive manufacturing apparatus comprises in a fixed manufacturing chamber:
  • one or more sources of energy beams controlled to selectively scan the bed of powder
  • a tool such as a squeegee or a roller, which moves in translation on the bed of powder to spread the powder.
  • the movable plate is set in motion by cylinders or ball screws, to go down step by step over the manufacturing process, according to the stacking of layers of material on the plate.
  • the mass of the manufactured part rests directly on the cylinders.
  • the mass, and therefore the dimensions, of the manufactured part are thus directly limited by the capacity of the cylinders.
  • the present invention aims to provide an additive manufacturing device for making large size pieces and in particular large mass.
  • the invention relates to an additive manufacturing device comprising a frame, a manufacturing chamber, a plate for the deposition of an additive manufacturing powder, said plate being movable in translation relative to the manufacturing chamber, and at least one actuator.
  • the device comprises at least one actuator adapted to move the manufacturing chamber in translation, relative to the frame, to separate the manufacturing chamber of the tray as additive manufacturing of a part.
  • the plate being movable relative to the manufacturing chamber, the displacement of the manufacturing chamber relative to the frame allows a relative displacement of the plate relative to the manufacturing chamber.
  • the invention proposes an additive manufacturing device capable of supporting large parts, while using a standard method of adding material, so that the device according to the invention can easily be integrated into a chain of existing manufacturing and can use existing manufacturing plans.
  • the plate is fixed relative to the frame.
  • the plate is held stationary relative to the frame to withstand heavy loads, without complicating the manufacture.
  • the manufacturing chamber may comprise a plate having an opening coinciding with the plate.
  • the device may include a containment skirt that extends from the opening of the platen to surround the workpiece and the tray.
  • the skirt may have a dimension of variable height during the translation of the manufacturing chamber relative to the plate.
  • the skirt may take the form of a telescopic structure comprising a plurality of segments movable in translation relative to each other.
  • Segments may have different height ratings.
  • the segment having the largest height dimension can be attached to the platen.
  • the segments can be connected by joints taking for example the form of copper strips.
  • the skirt can be removable relative to the plate, to allow access to the tray.
  • the frame may comprise a support element on which the plate can be mounted.
  • the support element may have a cutout adapted to receive a portion of the skirt.
  • the device may comprise a closed enclosure, substantially gas-tight, in which are positioned the manufacturing chamber, the plate and said at least one actuator.
  • the closed enclosure may contain an inert gas selected from nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon, or a mixture of some of these gases.
  • the device may comprise several actuators positioned equidistant from a center of gravity of the manufacturing chamber.
  • Said at least one actuator may be a linear actuator selected from a cylinder, a ball screw, or a worm.
  • the device may further comprise guide means for the manufacturing chamber mounted parallel to the actuators.
  • the invention relates to a process for the additive manufacturing of a part with a device according to the invention.
  • the method comprises repetition until the piece of steps of:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a device, when the manufacturing chamber is in the low position
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a device when the manufacturing chamber is in the upper position.
  • the additive manufacturing device 1 comprises a chassis 3, a manufacturing chamber 31, a plate 35 and actuators 6 for displacement in translation.
  • the plate 35 is movable in translation relative to the manufacturing chamber 31, which means that in the frame of the chamber 31 the plate 35 moves.
  • At least one actuator 6 allows the translation of the manufacturing chamber 31 with respect to the frame 3.
  • the chamber 31 is movable in the chassis reference frame 3.
  • the plate 35 moving relative to the chamber 31, it is the chamber 31 which moves relative to the plateau 35, although the relative movement is the same.
  • the successive layers of powder are deposited not by moving the plate 35 downwards, but by moving the upper part of the device 1 upwards. This is very advantageous since the chamber 31 itself does not have to support the weight of the X part in manufacture, and therefore it is very easy to make it mobile.
  • the plate 35 can either be fixed in the chassis frame 3 (i.e. directly attached to the frame 3, without cylinders), or mobile.
  • the chamber 31 rises and the plate 35 lowers.
  • the actuators have a small stroke allowing them to support a piece of several tons. It should be noted that according to this embodiment, the spacing between the plate 35 and the plate 33 is the result of translations in opposite directions of the plate 33 and the plate 35.
  • the plate 35 is fixed relative to the frame 3. Indeed, in such a configuration, it does not need to be supported by any moving part and can therefore to receive without problem pieces of several tons. Indeed, in known devices this is not the mechanical strength of the plate 35 which limits its ability to support parts of several tons, but the force of the jacks allowing its translation.
  • the frame 3 is a fixed element relative to the support of the device 1, i.e. in a terrestrial reference (for example the ground).
  • the frame 3 comprises several support and fairing elements (not shown), for example made of metal.
  • the frame 3 advantageously comprises a support element 34 intended to support loads of several tons.
  • the support element 34 may be in particular a one-piece metal structure or welded.
  • Monobloc metal structure means, for example, a marble or anvil.
  • the support element 34 preferably has a peripheral cut 41 adapted to receive a portion of a skirt 37 which will be described later. According to the embodiment presented here, a channel 42 is fixed in the blank 41.
  • the plate 35 is mounted on the support element 34, or even mounted directly on top so as to eliminate any connecting piece which could limit the load admissible.
  • the height of the support element 34 is such that when the actuators 6 are in their retracted position at most the plate is substantially aligned with the plate 33 of the chamber 31 (ie in the position of Figure 1) .
  • the support element 34 makes it possible to place the plate 35 at the right height directly to start the manufacturing process.
  • the manufacturing platform 35 is as explained to support a part X during its manufacture.
  • the plate 35 has characteristics of flatness and surface condition suitable for additive manufacturing.
  • the plate 35 preferably has strength characteristics to support a piece X of several tons.
  • the plate 35 may for example be made of metal or ceramic monobloc.
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 is movably mounted on the frame 3.
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises an enclosure 32 and a plate 33.
  • the enclosure 32 comprises flanks and an upper cover.
  • the enclosure 32 may for example be made of sheet metal.
  • the plate 33 may, for example, be made of metal or ceramic.
  • a first orthogonal coordinate system XYZ is placed, in which the X and Y directions are in the plane of the plate 35 and the Z direction is normal to the plane of the plate 35.
  • a second orthogonal reference mark X ' is placed.
  • Y'Z in which the directions X 'and Y' are in the plane of the plate 33 and the Z direction is normal to the plane of the plate 33. It is specified that the Z direction is the same for the two XYZ and X marks 'Y'Z.
  • the XYZ mark is a terrestrial reference
  • the X'Y'Z repository is a mobile repository
  • the plate 35 is movable in translation relative to the plate 33, in the X'Y'Z mark, in a non-collinear direction with the plane of the plate 33, preferably substantially orthogonal to the plane of the plate 33, ie along the axis Z, with respect to the plate 33.
  • the plate 33 is movable in translation relative to the plate 35, in the XYZ mark in a non-collinear direction with the plane of the plate 35, preferably substantially orthogonal to the plane of the plate 35, ie along the Z axis , relative to the plate 35.
  • translation direction The direction of translation in which the plate 35 and the plate 33 are in relative translation will be referred to as the "translation direction” and it will be understood that it is preferably substantially along the Z axis. In the remainder of the present description, we designate “height ratings”, and it will be understood that they will be for convenience expressed in said translation direction (ie preferably along the Z axis).
  • the plate 35 can be located either in the plane of the plate 33, or in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the plate 33.
  • the plate 35 slides through an opening 36 of the plate 33.
  • the plate 35 could, for example, be juxtaposed with the plate 33.
  • a skirt 37 for confinement advantageously surrounds the opening 36.
  • the skirt 37 makes it possible to keep a manufactured part and the non-solidified powder which surrounds it on the plate 35 and in a substantially closed volume.
  • the skirt 37 is adapted to also surround the plate 35 and a portion of the support member 34, to define a manufacturing volume in which the piece X is contained and the powder that has not been sintered or fused.
  • the skirt 37 is removably attached to the plate 33, to allow access to the plate 35.
  • the skirt 37 may, for example, be fixed to the plate 33 by means of quarter-turn screws or wing nuts.
  • the skirt 37 has a telescopic structure defining a height dimension I variable along the Z axis.
  • the height dimension I varies between a minimum l min when the telescopic structure is fully retracted, and a maximum l max when the telescopic structure is entirely deployed.
  • the telescopic structure of the skirt 37 comprises a plurality of segments 43 connected by joints (not shown).
  • each segment 43 has a Z-shaped profile with a pan 45 having a return 46 at each end.
  • the returns 46 are adapted to be engaged with each other.
  • the interlocking returns 46 can be achieved, for example, by pinching or picking.
  • a brass strip forming a joint connects two returns 46 of two different segments 43. The seal makes it possible to seal the connection between the segments 43.
  • the segments 43 each have a height dimension II, along the axis Z.
  • each segment 43 will have a corresponding height dimension lh, I, II3 (numbered arbitrarily from the plate 33 to the plate 35, ie by going downwards).
  • the segment 43 having the largest height dimension 1h is fixed to the plate 33, so that the first segment 43 can contain all the others when the skirt 37 is retracted to the maximum.
  • the first segment 43 has a return 46 having a height dimension adapted to allow the first segment 43 to contain all others when the skirt 37 is retracted to the maximum.
  • the plate 35 is mounted on a support member 34 having a cutout 41, it advantageously has a height dimension substantially equal to the height dimension 1h of the first segment 43.
  • the cutout 41 has a groove 42 in the retracted position of the skirt 37 the channel 42 can support the segments 43.
  • the channel 42 supports the last segment 43.
  • the last segment 43 can be removably attached to the gutter 42, for example with quarter turn screws, wing nuts or hex nuts.
  • the segments 43 are positioned so that the height dimension Ni, i> i is less than or equal to the height dimension lh, or even that the height dimensions II, are decreasing away from the plate 33 (ie if i> j, II, ⁇ l lj).
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises a carriage 38 sliding on the plate 33 and the plate 35.
  • the carriage 38 distributes powder on the plate 35 during the manufacture of a part.
  • the carriage 38 may, for example, comprise a squeegee or a roller. Furthermore, the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises a power supply member 39 for melting a metal powder.
  • the power delivery member 39 may, for example, be a laser beam emitter, electron beam emitter, etc.
  • Actuators 6 allow the translational movement of the manufacturing chamber 31 with respect to the frame 3.
  • the actuators 6 are preferably configured to cause relative translations all substantially in the same direction, in this case said translational direction of the manufacturing chamber 31 (i.e. along the Z axis).
  • actuator an electronically and / or pneumatically controlled mechanism, capable of producing a relative translational movement between the two entities that it connects, in particular a linear actuator capable of creating a linear compression movement ( it will be understood that the invention is not limited to this type of actuators).
  • Each actuator is thus typically cylinder type, with a fixed main part, often tubular (called cylinder) in which a movable part (called piston rod) is movable in translation on command.
  • the cylinder can be purely electromechanical (we speak of linear actuator, for example screw-nut mechanism), pneumatic, hydraulic or other types of technologies defined according to the characteristics of effort, speed, stroke, shape , weight, and especially reliability, specific to the field of additive manufacturing.
  • the invention is not limited to the cylinders, and that the actuator or actuators can use other technologies, and be for example ball screws or worm.
  • the actuators 6 are distributed equidistant from a barycentre of the manufacturing chamber 31. Said barycentre is preferably located in the center of the opening 36.
  • the device 1 further comprises means for guiding the manufacturing chamber 31 mounted parallel to the actuators 6.
  • the chamber 31 is solid, it is desirable to separate the guiding and setting in motion of the room.
  • these may be vertical guide columns, preferably cylindrical, mounted fixed relative to the frame 3, and along which the chamber 31 can slide.
  • the guiding means are advantageously arranged on either side of the chamber 31 (i.e. the chamber 31 is located between the guiding means) to optimize the space requirement.
  • the device 1 also preferably comprises a closed enclosure 7 in which the manufacturing chamber 5 and the plate 33 are positioned.
  • the closed enclosure 7 is adapted to be substantially gas-tight.
  • the closed enclosure 7 may, for example, consist of polymer panels and / or metal panels.
  • the closed enclosure can be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen or a noble gas (ie a gas taken from helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon), or a mixture of some of these gases.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen or a noble gas (ie a gas taken from helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon), or a mixture of some of these gases.
  • the device 1 may comprise a control unit for synchronizing the movement of the actuators 6 with the carriage 38 and the power supply member 39.
  • the control unit may be in the form of an electronic card comprising at least one microcontroller.
  • the device 1 starts in a position shown schematically in Figure 1.
  • the plate 35 is located substantially in the same plane as the plate 33.
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 is then said in the low position.
  • the closed enclosure 7 is sealed. Oxygen is driven out to be replaced by an inert gas.
  • This technical arrangement advantageously makes it possible to improve the quality of manufacture, avoiding possible oxidation of the metal powder used to make part X.
  • the rarefaction of oxygen in the closed enclosure 7 reduces the risks of inflammation or explosion, which makes the device 1 safer than some devices of the prior art.
  • the carriage 38 distributes metal powder on the plate 35 and the power supply member 39 sintered or melts the powder, according to selected planar coordinates, to make the piece X.
  • the additive manufacturing consists of a successive addition of layers of material of a part .
  • the plan of manufacture, of fusion of the powder, remains unchanged throughout the process.
  • the part X under construction is stationary on the plate 35, the plate 33 is moved so that only the layer being manufactured is in the plane C ⁇ 'of the plate 33.
  • the displacement means allow the translation of the manufacturing chamber 31 (and therefore the plate 33) relative to the plate 35 which remains stationary.
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 increases in altitude relative to the plate 35 which remains stationary (in the XYZ mark).
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 is located, as shown in Figure 2, at an altitude greater than the altitude of the plate 35, in a position called high position.
  • the plate is fixed relative to the frame and the plate is movable, usually on jacks.
  • the invention proposes a device 1 in which the plate 35 is fixed relative to the frame 3 and it is the manufacturing chamber 31 which is movable.
  • the plate 35 in relative displacement, in the reference X'Y'Z linked to the plate 33, the plate 35 always appears to be movable with respect to the plate 33 and therefore with respect to a fixed manufacturing plane positioned in the plane of the plate 33.
  • the plate 35 is stationary and the manufacturing chamber 31 increases in altitude during the production of the part X.
  • This technical arrangement makes it possible to support parts of large mass on the plate 35, the manufacturing chamber 31 having a mass much lower in comparison.
  • the telescopic structure of the skirt 37 allows it to adapt to the increase in the spacing between the plate 35 and the plate 33, to keep the part X and the powder which surrounds it in a space substantially closed.
  • the height dimension I of the skirt 37 increases and at least a portion of the skirt 37 rests in the cut 41.
  • the skirt 37 also limits the dispersion of the unfused metal powder, keeping it as much as possible in an enclosed space.
  • the manufacturing chamber 31 is in the up position, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the removable fastening of the skirt 37 allows a user to remove it for easy access to the fabricated part X, and to take it out, after this user has withdrawn the unfused powder surrounding the manufactured part or parts. Note that once the skirt 37 is no longer attached to the plate 33 can be considered to raise a little further room 31 to fully access the room X and facilitate its extraction.

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive manufacturing device (1) comprising a frame (3), a manufacturing chamber (31), and a plate (35) for depositing an additive manufacturing powder, said plate being translationally movable in relation to the manufacturing chamber (31). The device (1) comprises at least one actuator (6) capable of translationally moving the manufacturing chamber (31) in relation to the chassis (3) in order to move the manufacturing chamber (31) away from the plate (35) as a part (X) is being additively manufactured.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE FABRICATION ADDITIVE  ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING DEVICE
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION ET ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND STATE OF THE ART
La présente invention concerne le domaine général de la fabrication additive sélective. The present invention relates to the general field of selective additive manufacturing.
Plus particulièrement, elle concerne les moyens de déplacement d’un plateau sur lequel peuvent être positionnées et fondues des couches de poudre.  More particularly, it relates to the moving means of a plate on which can be positioned and melted layers of powder.
La fabrication additive sélective consiste à réaliser des objets tridimensionnels par consolidation de zones sélectionnées sur des strates successives de matériau pulvérulent (poudre métallique, poudre de céramique, etc...). Les zones consolidées correspondent à des sections successives de l'objet tridimensionnel. La consolidation se fait par exemple couche par couche, par une fusion sélective totale ou partielle réalisée avec une source de consolidation (faisceau laser de forte puissance, faisceau d’électrons, etc.).  Selective additive manufacturing consists in producing three-dimensional objects by consolidating selected areas on successive layers of powder material (metal powder, ceramic powder, etc.). The consolidated areas correspond to successive sections of the three-dimensional object. The consolidation is done for example layer by layer, by a total or partial selective melting carried out with a source of consolidation (high power laser beam, electron beam, etc.).
Classiquement, un appareil de fabrication additive comporte dans une chambre de fabrication fixe :  Conventionally, an additive manufacturing apparatus comprises in a fixed manufacturing chamber:
- un plateau mobile sur lequel sont déposées successivement les différentes couches de poudre de fabrication additive,  a mobile plate on which are deposited successively the different layers of additive manufacturing powder,
- une ou plusieurs sources de faisceaux d’énergie commandées pour balayer sélectivement le lit de poudre,  one or more sources of energy beams controlled to selectively scan the bed of powder,
- un réservoir d’alimentation de poudre,  a powder supply tank,
- un outil, tel qu’une raclette ou un rouleau, qui se déplace en translation sur le lit de poudre pour étaler la poudre.  - A tool, such as a squeegee or a roller, which moves in translation on the bed of powder to spread the powder.
Les configurations proposées à ce jour pour de tels outils ne sont pas pleinement satisfaisantes.  The configurations proposed so far for such tools are not fully satisfactory.
En effet, le plus souvent, le plateau mobile est mis en mouvement par des vérins ou des vis à billes, pour descendre pas à pas au fil du procédé de fabrication, au gré de l’empilement des strates de matière sur le plateau. Dans cette configuration la masse de la pièce fabriquée repose donc directement sur les vérins. La masse, et donc les dimensions, de la pièce fabriquée, sont ainsi directement limitées par la capacité des vérins. Indeed, most often, the movable plate is set in motion by cylinders or ball screws, to go down step by step over the manufacturing process, according to the stacking of layers of material on the plate. In this configuration the mass of the manufactured part rests directly on the cylinders. The mass, and therefore the dimensions, of the manufactured part are thus directly limited by the capacity of the cylinders.
Ainsi, il est, par exemple, difficile de fabriquer, avec la majorité des appareils de fabrication additive connus, des pièces pesant plusieurs tonnes.  Thus, it is, for example, difficult to manufacture, with the majority of known additive manufacturing equipment, parts weighing several tons.
PRESENTATION GENERALE DE L’INVENTION GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention a pour objectif de fournir un dispositif de fabrication additive permettant de fabriquer des pièces de taille conséquente et en particulier de masse importante. The present invention aims to provide an additive manufacturing device for making large size pieces and in particular large mass.
Selon un premier aspect, l’invention concerne un dispositif de fabrication additive comprenant un châssis, une chambre de fabrication, un plateau pour le dépôt d’une poudre de fabrication additive, ledit plateau étant mobile en translation par rapport à la chambre de fabrication, et au moins un actionneur. Le dispositif comprend au moins un actionneur apte à déplacer la chambre de fabrication en translation, par rapport au châssis, pour écarter la chambre de fabrication du plateau au fur et à mesure de la fabrication additive d’une pièce.  According to a first aspect, the invention relates to an additive manufacturing device comprising a frame, a manufacturing chamber, a plate for the deposition of an additive manufacturing powder, said plate being movable in translation relative to the manufacturing chamber, and at least one actuator. The device comprises at least one actuator adapted to move the manufacturing chamber in translation, relative to the frame, to separate the manufacturing chamber of the tray as additive manufacturing of a part.
Le plateau étant mobile par rapport à la chambre de fabrication, le déplacement de la chambre de fabrication par rapport au châssis permet un déplacement relatif du plateau par rapport à la chambre de fabrication.  The plate being movable relative to the manufacturing chamber, the displacement of the manufacturing chamber relative to the frame allows a relative displacement of the plate relative to the manufacturing chamber.
Cette disposition technique est particulièrement avantageuse.  This technical arrangement is particularly advantageous.
En effet, d’une manière traditionnelle un processus de fabrication additive utilise un plan fixe de fusion de la poudre situé dans la chambre de fabrication, le mouvement du plateau permettant de déplacer la pièce fabriquée strate par strate.  Indeed, in a traditional way an additive manufacturing process uses a fixed plane of melting of the powder located in the manufacturing chamber, the movement of the plate to move the piece made stratum by stratum.
En autorisant le déplacement de la chambre de fabrication par rapport au châssis, il devient possible de fabriquer des pièces de taille importante.  By allowing the displacement of the manufacturing chamber relative to the chassis, it becomes possible to manufacture large parts.
Notamment, lorsque le plateau est fixe dans le référentiel du châssis, il peut supporter des pièces de masse conséquente. Ainsi, selon ce premier aspect l’invention propose un dispositif de fabrication additive pouvant supporter des pièces importantes, tout en utilisant une méthode standard d’ajout de matière, de sorte que le dispositif selon l’invention peut aisément être intégré à une chaîne de fabrication existante et peut utiliser des plans de fabrication existant. In particular, when the plate is fixed in the chassis frame, it can support parts of substantial mass. Thus, according to this first aspect the invention proposes an additive manufacturing device capable of supporting large parts, while using a standard method of adding material, so that the device according to the invention can easily be integrated into a chain of existing manufacturing and can use existing manufacturing plans.
Selon une disposition particulièrement avantageuse, le plateau est fixe par rapport au châssis.  According to a particularly advantageous arrangement, the plate is fixed relative to the frame.
Ainsi, le plateau est maintenu immobile par rapport au châssis pour supporter des charges lourdes, sans complexifier la fabrication.  Thus, the plate is held stationary relative to the frame to withstand heavy loads, without complicating the manufacture.
La chambre de fabrication peut comprendre une platine présentant une ouverture coïncidant avec le plateau.  The manufacturing chamber may comprise a plate having an opening coinciding with the plate.
Le dispositif peut comprendre une jupe de confinement qui s’étend à partir de l’ouverture de la platine pour entourer la pièce à fabriquer et le plateau.  The device may include a containment skirt that extends from the opening of the platen to surround the workpiece and the tray.
La jupe peut présenter une cote de hauteur variable lors de la translation de la chambre de fabrication par rapport au plateau.  The skirt may have a dimension of variable height during the translation of the manufacturing chamber relative to the plate.
La jupe peut prendre la forme d’une structure télescopique comprenant une pluralité de segments mobiles en translation les uns par rapport aux autres.  The skirt may take the form of a telescopic structure comprising a plurality of segments movable in translation relative to each other.
Les segments peuvent présenter des cotes de hauteur différentes.  Segments may have different height ratings.
Selon cette disposition, le segment présentant la plus grande cote de hauteur peut être fixé à la platine.  According to this arrangement, the segment having the largest height dimension can be attached to the platen.
Les segments peuvent être reliés par des joints prenant par exemple la forme de bandeaux de cuivre.  The segments can be connected by joints taking for example the form of copper strips.
La jupe peut être amovible par rapport à la platine, pour permettre d’accéder au plateau.  The skirt can be removable relative to the plate, to allow access to the tray.
Selon une disposition avantageuse, le châssis peut comprendre un élément de soutien sur lequel le plateau peut être monté.  According to an advantageous arrangement, the frame may comprise a support element on which the plate can be mounted.
L’élément de soutien peut présenter une découpe adaptée pour recevoir une portion de la jupe. Le dispositif peut comprendre une enceinte close, sensiblement étanche aux gaz, dans laquelle sont positionnés la chambre de fabrication, le plateau et ledit au moins un actionneur. The support element may have a cutout adapted to receive a portion of the skirt. The device may comprise a closed enclosure, substantially gas-tight, in which are positioned the manufacturing chamber, the plate and said at least one actuator.
L’enceinte close peut contenir un gaz inerte choisi parmi l’azote, l’hélium, le néon, l’argon, le krypton, le xénon ou le radon, ou un mélange de certains de ces gaz.  The closed enclosure may contain an inert gas selected from nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon, or a mixture of some of these gases.
Le dispositif peut comprendre plusieurs actionneurs positionnés à équidistance d’un barycentre de la chambre de fabrication.  The device may comprise several actuators positioned equidistant from a center of gravity of the manufacturing chamber.
Ledit au moins un actionneur peut être un actionneur linéaire choisi parmi un vérin, une vis à billes, ou une vis sans fin.  Said at least one actuator may be a linear actuator selected from a cylinder, a ball screw, or a worm.
Le dispositif peut comprendre en outre des moyens de guidage de la chambre de fabrication montés parallèlement aux actionneurs.  The device may further comprise guide means for the manufacturing chamber mounted parallel to the actuators.
Selon un autre aspect, l’invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive d’une pièce avec un dispositif selon l’invention. Le procédé comprend la répétition jusqu’à obtention de la pièce d’étapes de :  According to another aspect, the invention relates to a process for the additive manufacturing of a part with a device according to the invention. The method comprises repetition until the piece of steps of:
• étalement d’une poudre de fabrication additive sur le plateau,  Spreading an additive manufacturing powder on the tray,
• frittage ou fusion de la poudre, selon des coordonnées planaires choisies, par l’organe d’apport de puissance, pour fabriquer la pièce,  Sintering or melting of the powder, according to chosen planar coordinates, by the power supply member, to manufacture the piece,
• déplacement de la chambre de fabrication par rapport au plateau.  • displacement of the manufacturing chamber relative to the tray.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit, laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative, et doit être lue en regard des figures annexées sur lesquelles : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and should be read with reference to the appended figures in which:
- la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d’un dispositif, lorsque la chambre de fabrication est en position basse ;  - Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a device, when the manufacturing chamber is in the low position;
- la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d’un dispositif lorsque la chambre de fabrication est en position haute. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION - Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a device when the manufacturing chamber is in the upper position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En référence aux figures 1 et 2, le dispositif 1 de fabrication additive comprend un châssis 3, une chambre de fabrication 31 , un plateau 35 et des actionneurs 6 de déplacement en translation. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the additive manufacturing device 1 comprises a chassis 3, a manufacturing chamber 31, a plate 35 and actuators 6 for displacement in translation.
De façon classique, le plateau 35 est mobile en translation par rapport à la chambre de fabrication 31 , ce qui signifie que dans le référentiel de la chambre 31 le plateau 35 se déplace.  Conventionally, the plate 35 is movable in translation relative to the manufacturing chamber 31, which means that in the frame of the chamber 31 the plate 35 moves.
Cependant, alors que jusque-là la chambre 31 était fixe par rapport au châssis 3, dans le présent dispositif 1 , au moins un actionneur 6 permet la translation de la chambre de fabrication 31 par rapport au châssis 3.  However, whereas until now the chamber 31 was fixed relative to the frame 3, in the present device 1, at least one actuator 6 allows the translation of the manufacturing chamber 31 with respect to the frame 3.
En d’autres termes, la chambre 31 est mobile dans le référentiel du châssis 3. Ainsi, au lieu que ce soit le plateau 35 qui se déplace par rapport à la chambre 31 , c’est la chambre 31 qui se déplace par rapport au plateau 35, bien que le mouvement relatif soit le même. Plus précisément, les couches successives de poudre sont déposées non pas en déplaçant le plateau 35 vers le bas, mais en déplaçant la partie haute du dispositif 1 vers le haut. Cela est très avantageux puisque la chambre 31 en elle-même n’a pas à supporter le poids de la pièce X en fabrication, et donc il est très facile de la rendre mobile.  In other words, the chamber 31 is movable in the chassis reference frame 3. Thus, instead of the plate 35 moving relative to the chamber 31, it is the chamber 31 which moves relative to the plateau 35, although the relative movement is the same. More precisely, the successive layers of powder are deposited not by moving the plate 35 downwards, but by moving the upper part of the device 1 upwards. This is very advantageous since the chamber 31 itself does not have to support the weight of the X part in manufacture, and therefore it is very easy to make it mobile.
A noter que le plateau 35 peut soit être fixe dans le référentiel du châssis 3 (i.e. directement fixé au châssis 3, sans vérins), soit mobile. On peut par exemple envisager qu’au fur et à mesure de la fabrication de la pièce X la chambre 31 s’élève et le plateau 35 s’abaisse.  Note that the plate 35 can either be fixed in the chassis frame 3 (i.e. directly attached to the frame 3, without cylinders), or mobile. For example, it can be envisaged that, as and when the workpiece X is produced, the chamber 31 rises and the plate 35 lowers.
Dans ce cas, les actionneurs présentent une faible course leur permettant de supporter une pièce de plusieurs tonnes. Il est à noter que selon ce mode de réalisation, l’écartement entre le plateau 35 et la platine 33 est la résultante des translations de sens opposés de la platine 33 et du plateau 35.  In this case, the actuators have a small stroke allowing them to support a piece of several tons. It should be noted that according to this embodiment, the spacing between the plate 35 and the plate 33 is the result of translations in opposite directions of the plate 33 and the plate 35.
Dans la suite de la présente description, on prendra l’exemple préféré où le plateau 35 est fixe par rapport au châssis 3. En effet, dans une telle configuration, il n’a besoin d’être supporté par aucune pièce mobile et peut donc recevoir sans problème des pièces de plusieurs tonnes. En effet, dans les dispositifs connus ce n’est pas la résistance mécanique du plateau 35 qui limite son aptitude à supporter des pièces de plusieurs tonnes, mais la force des vérins permettant sa translation. In the following description, we will take the preferred example where the plate 35 is fixed relative to the frame 3. Indeed, in such a configuration, it does not need to be supported by any moving part and can therefore to receive without problem pieces of several tons. Indeed, in known devices this is not the mechanical strength of the plate 35 which limits its ability to support parts of several tons, but the force of the jacks allowing its translation.
Châssis et plateau Chassis and tray
Le châssis 3 est un élément fixe par rapport au support du dispositif 1 , i.e. dans un référentiel terrestre (par exemple le sol). The frame 3 is a fixed element relative to the support of the device 1, i.e. in a terrestrial reference (for example the ground).
D’une manière classique, le châssis 3 comprend plusieurs éléments de support et de carénage (non représentés), par exemple réalisés en métal.  In a conventional manner, the frame 3 comprises several support and fairing elements (not shown), for example made of metal.
Le châssis 3 comprend avantageusement un élément de soutien 34 destiné à soutenir des charges de plusieurs tonnes. A ce titre, l’élément de soutien 34 peut être notamment une structure métallique monobloc ou mécano-soudée. Par structure métallique monobloc, on entend, par exemple, un marbre ou une enclume.  The frame 3 advantageously comprises a support element 34 intended to support loads of several tons. As such, the support element 34 may be in particular a one-piece metal structure or welded. Monobloc metal structure means, for example, a marble or anvil.
L’élément de soutien 34 présente préférentiellement une découpe 41 périphérique adaptée pour recevoir une portion d’une jupe 37 qui sera décrite plus loin. Selon le mode de réalisation ici présenté, une gouttière 42 est fixée dans la découpe 41.  The support element 34 preferably has a peripheral cut 41 adapted to receive a portion of a skirt 37 which will be described later. According to the embodiment presented here, a channel 42 is fixed in the blank 41.
Le plateau 35 est monté sur l’élément de soutien 34, voire directement monté posé par-dessus de sorte à éliminer toute pièce de liaison qui pourrait limiter la charge recevable.  The plate 35 is mounted on the support element 34, or even mounted directly on top so as to eliminate any connecting piece which could limit the load admissible.
De façon préférée, la hauteur de l’élément de soutien 34 est telle que lorsque les actionneurs 6 sont dans leur position retractée au maximum le plateau est sensiblement aligné avec la platine 33 de la chambre 31 (i.e. dans la position de la figure 1 ). En d’autres termes, l’élément de soutien 34 permet de placer directement le plateau 35 à la bonne hauteur pour débuter le procédé de fabrication.  Preferably, the height of the support element 34 is such that when the actuators 6 are in their retracted position at most the plate is substantially aligned with the plate 33 of the chamber 31 (ie in the position of Figure 1) . In other words, the support element 34 makes it possible to place the plate 35 at the right height directly to start the manufacturing process.
Tel que cela sera décrit ci-après, le plateau de fabrication 35 est comme expliqué destiné à soutenir une pièce X lors de sa fabrication. Pour ce faire le plateau 35 présente des caractéristiques de planéité et d’état de surface adaptées à la fabrication additive. De plus, le plateau 35 présente préférentiellement des caractéristiques de résistance mécanique permettant de soutenir une pièce X de plusieurs tonnes. Ainsi, le plateau 35 peut par exemple être réalisé en métal ou en céramique monobloc. As will be described below, the manufacturing platform 35 is as explained to support a part X during its manufacture. To do this, the plate 35 has characteristics of flatness and surface condition suitable for additive manufacturing. In addition, the plate 35 preferably has strength characteristics to support a piece X of several tons. Thus, the plate 35 may for example be made of metal or ceramic monobloc.
Chambre de fabrication Manufacturing chamber
Comme expliqué, la chambre de fabrication 31 est montée mobile sur le châssis 3. As explained, the manufacturing chamber 31 is movably mounted on the frame 3.
D’une manière classique, la chambre de fabrication 31 comprend une enceinte 32 et une platine 33. L’enceinte 32 comprend des flancs et un capot supérieur. L’enceinte 32 peut par exemple être réalisée en tôle. La platine 33 peut, par exemple, être réalisés en métal ou en céramique.  In a conventional manner, the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises an enclosure 32 and a plate 33. The enclosure 32 comprises flanks and an upper cover. The enclosure 32 may for example be made of sheet metal. The plate 33 may, for example, be made of metal or ceramic.
Pour la suite de la présente description, on pose un premier repère orthogonal XYZ, dans lequel les directions X et Y sont dans le plan du plateau 35 et la direction Z est normale au plan du plateau 35. On pose un deuxième repère orthogonal X’Y’Z, dans lequel les directions X’ et Y’ sont dans le plan de la platine 33 et la direction Z est normale au plan de la platine 33. On précise que la direction Z est la même pour les deux repères XYZ et X’Y’Z.  For the remainder of the present description, a first orthogonal coordinate system XYZ is placed, in which the X and Y directions are in the plane of the plate 35 and the Z direction is normal to the plane of the plate 35. A second orthogonal reference mark X 'is placed. Y'Z, in which the directions X 'and Y' are in the plane of the plate 33 and the Z direction is normal to the plane of the plate 33. It is specified that the Z direction is the same for the two XYZ and X marks 'Y'Z.
Dans le mode de réalisation préféré où le plateau 35 est fixe par rapport au châssis 3, le repère XYZ est un référentiel terrestre, et le référentiel X’Y’Z est un référentiel mobile.  In the preferred embodiment where the plate 35 is fixed relative to the frame 3, the XYZ mark is a terrestrial reference, and the X'Y'Z repository is a mobile repository.
Tel que cela sera détaillé ci-après, le plateau 35 est mobile en translation par rapport à la platine 33, dans le repère X’Y’Z, selon une direction non colinéaire avec le plan de la platine 33, préférentiellement sensiblement orthogonalement au plan de la platine 33, i.e. selon l’axe Z, par rapport à la platine 33.  As will be detailed below, the plate 35 is movable in translation relative to the plate 33, in the X'Y'Z mark, in a non-collinear direction with the plane of the plate 33, preferably substantially orthogonal to the plane of the plate 33, ie along the axis Z, with respect to the plate 33.
De même, en corollaire, la platine 33 est mobile en translation par rapport au plateau 35, dans le repère XYZ selon une direction non colinéaire avec le plan du plateau 35, préférentiellement sensiblement orthogonalement au plan du plateau 35, i.e. selon l’axe Z, par rapport au plateau 35.  Similarly, as a corollary, the plate 33 is movable in translation relative to the plate 35, in the XYZ mark in a non-collinear direction with the plane of the plate 35, preferably substantially orthogonal to the plane of the plate 35, ie along the Z axis , relative to the plate 35.
On appellera « direction de translation » la direction selon laquelle le plateau 35 et la platine 33 sont en translation relative et on comprendra qu’elle est préférentiellement sensiblement selon l’axe Z. Dans la suite de la présente description, on désignera des « cotes de hauteur », et on comprendra qu’elles seront par commodité exprimées selon ladite direction de translation (i.e. préférentiellement selon l’axe Z). The direction of translation in which the plate 35 and the plate 33 are in relative translation will be referred to as the "translation direction" and it will be understood that it is preferably substantially along the Z axis. In the remainder of the present description, we designate "height ratings", and it will be understood that they will be for convenience expressed in said translation direction (ie preferably along the Z axis).
D’une manière générale, le plateau 35 peut se situer soit dans le plan de la platine 33, soit dans un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de la platine 33.  In general, the plate 35 can be located either in the plane of the plate 33, or in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the plate 33.
Selon le mode de réalisation ici présenté, le plateau 35 coulisse au travers d’une ouverture 36 de la platine 33.  According to the embodiment presented here, the plate 35 slides through an opening 36 of the plate 33.
Cependant, selon un autre mode de réalisation, le plateau 35 pourrait, par exemple, être juxtaposé à la platine 33.  However, according to another embodiment, the plate 35 could, for example, be juxtaposed with the plate 33.
Une jupe 37 de confinement entoure avantageusement l’ouverture 36. La jupe 37 permet de conserver une pièce fabriquée et la poudre non solidifiée qui l’entoure sur le plateau 35 et dans un volume sensiblement clos.  A skirt 37 for confinement advantageously surrounds the opening 36. The skirt 37 makes it possible to keep a manufactured part and the non-solidified powder which surrounds it on the plate 35 and in a substantially closed volume.
La jupe 37 est adaptée pour entourer aussi le plateau 35 et une portion de l’élément de support 34, pour délimiter un volume de fabrication dans lequel est contenue la pièce X et la poudre qui n’a pas été frittée ou fusionnée.  The skirt 37 is adapted to also surround the plate 35 and a portion of the support member 34, to define a manufacturing volume in which the piece X is contained and the powder that has not been sintered or fused.
De façon préférée, la jupe 37 est fixée de manière amovible à la platine 33, pour permettre d’accéder au plateau 35.  Preferably, the skirt 37 is removably attached to the plate 33, to allow access to the plate 35.
Par amovible, on entend que la jupe 37 peut être, alternativement, fixée et séparée de la platine 33, par un utilisateur, de manière répétée.  Removable means that the skirt 37 may be alternately fixed and separated from the plate 33, by a user, repeatedly.
La jupe 37 peut, par exemple, être fixée à la platine 33 au moyen de vis quart de tour ou d’écrous papillons.  The skirt 37 may, for example, be fixed to the plate 33 by means of quarter-turn screws or wing nuts.
La jupe 37 présente une structure télescopique définissant une cote de hauteur I variable selon l’axe Z. La cote de hauteur I varie entre un minimum lmin lorsque la structure télescopique est entièrement rétractée, et un maximum lmax lorsque la structure télescopique est entièrement déployée. The skirt 37 has a telescopic structure defining a height dimension I variable along the Z axis. The height dimension I varies between a minimum l min when the telescopic structure is fully retracted, and a maximum l max when the telescopic structure is entirely deployed.
La structure télescopique de la jupe 37 comprend une pluralité de segments 43 reliés par des joints (non représentés). Selon le mode de réalisation ici présenté, chaque segment 43 présente un profil en Z avec un pan 45 présentant un retour 46 à chaque extrémité. Les retours 46 sont adaptés pour être enclenchés les uns avec les autres. L’enclenchement des retours 46 peut être réalisé, par exemple, par pincement ou par crochetage. Un bandeau en cuivre formant un joint relie deux retours 46 de deux segments 43 différents. Le joint permet d’étanchéifier la liaison entre les segments 43. The telescopic structure of the skirt 37 comprises a plurality of segments 43 connected by joints (not shown). According to the embodiment presented here, each segment 43 has a Z-shaped profile with a pan 45 having a return 46 at each end. The returns 46 are adapted to be engaged with each other. The interlocking returns 46 can be achieved, for example, by pinching or picking. A brass strip forming a joint connects two returns 46 of two different segments 43. The seal makes it possible to seal the connection between the segments 43.
Selon une disposition particulière, les segments 43 présentent chacun une cote de hauteur II, selon l’axe Z. Ainsi, si la jupe 37 présente trois segments 43, chaque segment 43 présentera une cote de hauteur lh, I , II3 correspondante (on numérote arbitrairement de la platine 33 vers le plateau 35, i.e. en allant vers le bas). Selon cette même disposition, le segment 43 présentant la plus grande cote de hauteur lh est fixé à la platine 33, de sorte à ce que le premier segment 43 puisse contenir tous les autres lorsque la jupe 37 est rétractée au maximum. Selon ce même mode de réalisation, le premier segment 43 présente un retour 46 présentant une cote de hauteur adaptée pour permettre au premier segment 43 de contenir tous les autres lorsque la jupe 37 est rétractée au maximum. Si le plateau 35 est monté sur un élément de soutien 34 présentant une découpe 41 , celle-ci présente avantageusement une cote de hauteur sensiblement égale à la cote de hauteur lh du premier segment 43. De plus, si la découpe 41 présente une gouttière 42, en position rétractée de la jupe 37 la gouttière 42 peut supporter les segments 43. Lorsque la jupe est en position déployée, la gouttière 42 supporte le dernier segment 43. Selon une disposition particulière le dernier segment 43 peut être fixé de manière amovible à la gouttière 42, par exemple avec des vis quart de tour, des écrous papillons ou des écrous à tête hexagonale.  According to a particular arrangement, the segments 43 each have a height dimension II, along the axis Z. Thus, if the skirt 37 has three segments 43, each segment 43 will have a corresponding height dimension lh, I, II3 (numbered arbitrarily from the plate 33 to the plate 35, ie by going downwards). According to this same arrangement, the segment 43 having the largest height dimension 1h is fixed to the plate 33, so that the first segment 43 can contain all the others when the skirt 37 is retracted to the maximum. According to this same embodiment, the first segment 43 has a return 46 having a height dimension adapted to allow the first segment 43 to contain all others when the skirt 37 is retracted to the maximum. If the plate 35 is mounted on a support member 34 having a cutout 41, it advantageously has a height dimension substantially equal to the height dimension 1h of the first segment 43. In addition, if the cutout 41 has a groove 42 in the retracted position of the skirt 37 the channel 42 can support the segments 43. When the skirt is in the deployed position, the channel 42 supports the last segment 43. According to a particular arrangement the last segment 43 can be removably attached to the gutter 42, for example with quarter turn screws, wing nuts or hex nuts.
Ainsi, en position rétractée, la cote de hauteur l=lmin est sensiblement égale à la cote de hauteur lh- Pour n segments, en position entièrement déployée, la cote de hauteur l= lmax est sensiblement égale à la somme des cotes de hauteur lh à lln. De manière préférentielle, les segments 43 sont positionnés pour que la cote de hauteur Ni, i>i soit inférieure ou égale à la cote de hauteur lh, voire même que les cotes de hauteur II, soient décroissantes en s’éloignant de la platine 33 (i.e. si i>j, II, < l lj). Thus, in the retracted position, the height dimension l = 1 min is substantially equal to the height dimension lh- For n segments, in fully deployed position, the height dimension l = l max is substantially equal to the sum of the dimensions of height lh to ll n . Preferably, the segments 43 are positioned so that the height dimension Ni, i> i is less than or equal to the height dimension lh, or even that the height dimensions II, are decreasing away from the plate 33 (ie if i> j, II, <l lj).
En outre, la chambre de fabrication 31 comprend un chariot 38 coulissant sur la platine 33 et le plateau 35.  In addition, the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises a carriage 38 sliding on the plate 33 and the plate 35.
Tel que cela sera détaillé ultérieurement, le chariot 38 permet de répartir de la poudre sur le plateau 35 lors de la fabrication d’une pièce.  As will be detailed later, the carriage 38 distributes powder on the plate 35 during the manufacture of a part.
Le chariot 38 peut, par exemple, comprendre une raclette ou un rouleau. Par ailleurs, la chambre de fabrication 31 comprend un organe d’apport de puissance 39 permettant de fondre une poudre métallique. L’organe d’apport de puissance 39 peut, par exemple, être un émetteur de faisceau laser, de faisceau d’électrons, etc. The carriage 38 may, for example, comprise a squeegee or a roller. Furthermore, the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises a power supply member 39 for melting a metal powder. The power delivery member 39 may, for example, be a laser beam emitter, electron beam emitter, etc.
Actionneurs actuators
Des actionneurs 6 permettent le déplacement en translation de la chambre de fabrication 31 par rapport au châssis 3. Actuators 6 allow the translational movement of the manufacturing chamber 31 with respect to the frame 3.
Les actionneurs 6 sont préférentiellement configurés pour provoquer des translations relatives toutes sensiblement selon une même direction, en l’espèce ladite direction de translation de la chambre de fabrication 31 (i.e. selon l’axe Z).  The actuators 6 are preferably configured to cause relative translations all substantially in the same direction, in this case said translational direction of the manufacturing chamber 31 (i.e. along the Z axis).
Il est précisé que, par actionneur, on entend un mécanisme contrôlé électroniquement et/ou pneumatiquement, capable de produire un mouvement de translation relatif entre les deux entités qu’il relie, en particulier un actionneur linéaire capable de créer un mouvement linéaire de compression (on comprendra que l’invention n’est pas limitée à ce type d’actionneurs). Chaque actionneur est ainsi typiquement de type vérin, avec une partie principale fixe, souvent tubulaire (appelée alors cylindre) dans lequel une pièce mobile (appelée tige de piston) est mobile en translation sur commande. Le vérin peut être purement électromécanique (on parle alors d’actionneur linéaire, par exemple à mécanisme vis-écrou), pneumatique, hydraulique ou toutes autres types de technologies définies en fonction des caractéristiques d’effort, de vitesse, de course, de forme, de poids, et surtout de fiabilité, propres au domaine de la fabrication additive.  It is specified that, by actuator, is meant an electronically and / or pneumatically controlled mechanism, capable of producing a relative translational movement between the two entities that it connects, in particular a linear actuator capable of creating a linear compression movement ( it will be understood that the invention is not limited to this type of actuators). Each actuator is thus typically cylinder type, with a fixed main part, often tubular (called cylinder) in which a movable part (called piston rod) is movable in translation on command. The cylinder can be purely electromechanical (we speak of linear actuator, for example screw-nut mechanism), pneumatic, hydraulic or other types of technologies defined according to the characteristics of effort, speed, stroke, shape , weight, and especially reliability, specific to the field of additive manufacturing.
L’homme du métier comprendra que l’invention n’est pas limitée aux vérins, et que le ou les actionneurs pourront utiliser d’autres technologies, et être par exemple des vis à billes ou des vis sans fin.  Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention is not limited to the cylinders, and that the actuator or actuators can use other technologies, and be for example ball screws or worm.
Selon une disposition particulière préférée, les actionneurs 6 sont répartis à équidistance d’un barycentre de la chambre de fabrication 31. Ledit barycentre se trouvant préférentiellement au centre de l’ouverture 36. Ainsi, selon une disposition particulière, la chambre de fabrication 31 comprend k (en particulier trois) actionneurs 6 positionnés chacun à 360 k (i.e. 120° si k=3) autour de la chambre de fabrication 31. According to a particular preferred arrangement, the actuators 6 are distributed equidistant from a barycentre of the manufacturing chamber 31. Said barycentre is preferably located in the center of the opening 36. Thus, according to a particular arrangement, the manufacturing chamber 31 comprises k (in particular three) actuators 6 each positioned at 360 k (ie 120 ° if k = 3) around the manufacturing chamber 31.
De façon préférée, le dispositif 1 comprend en outre des moyens de guidage de la chambre de fabrication 31 montés parallèlement aux actionneurs 6. En effet, dans la mesure où la chambre 31 est massive, il est souhaitable de séparer les fonctions de guidage et de mise en mouvement de la chambre.  Preferably, the device 1 further comprises means for guiding the manufacturing chamber 31 mounted parallel to the actuators 6. Indeed, insofar as the chamber 31 is solid, it is desirable to separate the guiding and setting in motion of the room.
En référence aux figures, il peut s’agir de colonnes de guidage verticales, de préférence cylindriques, montées fixes par rapport au châssis 3, et le long desquelles la chambre 31 peut coulisser.  With reference to the figures, these may be vertical guide columns, preferably cylindrical, mounted fixed relative to the frame 3, and along which the chamber 31 can slide.
Les moyens de guidage sont avantageusement disposés de part et d’autre de la chambre 31 (i.e. la chambre 31 est située entre les moyens de guidage) pour optimiser l’encombrement.  The guiding means are advantageously arranged on either side of the chamber 31 (i.e. the chamber 31 is located between the guiding means) to optimize the space requirement.
Enceinte close Enclosure close
Le dispositif 1 comprend en outre préférentiellement une enceinte close 7 dans laquelle sont positionnées la chambre de fabrication 5 et la platine 33. The device 1 also preferably comprises a closed enclosure 7 in which the manufacturing chamber 5 and the plate 33 are positioned.
L’enceinte close 7 est adaptée pour être sensiblement étanche aux gaz. L’enceinte close 7 peut, par exemple, être constituée de panneaux polymères et/ou de panneaux métalliques.  The closed enclosure 7 is adapted to be substantially gas-tight. The closed enclosure 7 may, for example, consist of polymer panels and / or metal panels.
Tel que cela sera précisé ci-après, l’enceinte close peut être remplie d’un gaz inerte tel que l’azote ou un gaz noble (i.e. un gaz pris parmi l’hélium, le néon, l’argon, le krypton, le xénon ou le radon), ou d’un mélange de certains de ces gaz.  As will be specified below, the closed enclosure can be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen or a noble gas (ie a gas taken from helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon), or a mixture of some of these gases.
Unité de commande Control unit
Le dispositif 1 peut comprendre une unité de commande permettant de synchroniser le déplacement des actionneurs 6 avec le chariot 38 et l’organe d’apport de puissance 39. L’unité de commande peut se présenter sous la forme d’une carte électronique comprenant au moins un microcontrôleur. The device 1 may comprise a control unit for synchronizing the movement of the actuators 6 with the carriage 38 and the power supply member 39. The control unit may be in the form of an electronic card comprising at least one microcontroller.
Fonctionnement du dispositif Operation of the device
En fonctionnement, le dispositif 1 démarre dans une position schématisée sur la figure 1. Le plateau 35 est situé sensiblement dans le même plan que la platine 33. La chambre de fabrication 31 est alors dite en position basse. In operation, the device 1 starts in a position shown schematically in Figure 1. The plate 35 is located substantially in the same plane as the plate 33. The manufacturing chamber 31 is then said in the low position.
Dans cette position, un opérateur peut aisément accéder à la chambre de fabrication 31 pour préparer la fabrication de la pièce X.  In this position, an operator can easily access the manufacturing chamber 31 to prepare the production of the part X.
Dès le lancement du procédé de fabrication, l’enceinte close 7 est fermée de manière étanche. L’oxygène en est chassé pour être remplacé par un gaz inerte. Cette disposition technique permet avantageusement d’améliorer la qualité de la fabrication, en évitant une éventuelle oxydation de la poudre métallique utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce X. De plus, la raréfaction de l’oxygène dans l’enceinte close 7 diminue les risques d’inflammation ou d’explosion, ce qui rend le dispositif 1 plus sûr que certains dispositifs de l’art antérieur.  From the start of the manufacturing process, the closed enclosure 7 is sealed. Oxygen is driven out to be replaced by an inert gas. This technical arrangement advantageously makes it possible to improve the quality of manufacture, avoiding possible oxidation of the metal powder used to make part X. In addition, the rarefaction of oxygen in the closed enclosure 7 reduces the risks of inflammation or explosion, which makes the device 1 safer than some devices of the prior art.
Le chariot 38 répartit de la poudre métallique sur le plateau 35 et l’organe d’apport de puissance 39 fritte ou fait fondre la poudre, selon des coordonnées planaires choisies, pour fabriquer la pièce X.  The carriage 38 distributes metal powder on the plate 35 and the power supply member 39 sintered or melts the powder, according to selected planar coordinates, to make the piece X.
Au fur et à mesure de la fabrication de la pièce X, il est nécessaire que le plateau 35 diminue en altitude par rapport à la platine 33. En effet, la fabrication additive, consiste en un ajout successif de couches de matière d’une pièce. Le plan de fabrication, de fusion de la poudre, reste inchangé tout au long du processus.  As and when the piece X is manufactured, it is necessary for the plate 35 to decrease in altitude relative to the plate 33. In fact, the additive manufacturing consists of a successive addition of layers of material of a part . The plan of manufacture, of fusion of the powder, remains unchanged throughout the process.
La pièce X en construction est immobile sur le plateau 35, la platine 33 est déplacée pour que seule la couche en cours de fabrication se situe dans le plan CΎ’ de la platine 33.  The part X under construction is stationary on the plate 35, the plate 33 is moved so that only the layer being manufactured is in the plane CΎ 'of the plate 33.
Les moyens de déplacement permettent la translation de la chambre de fabrication 31 (et donc de la platine 33) par rapport au plateau 35 qui demeure immobile. Ainsi, durant la fabrication, la chambre de fabrication 31 augmente en altitude par rapport au plateau 35 qui demeure immobile (dans le repère XYZ). A la fin du procédé de fabrication, la chambre de fabrication 31 se situe, comme représenté sur la figure 2, à une altitude supérieure à l’altitude du plateau 35, dans une position dite position haute. The displacement means allow the translation of the manufacturing chamber 31 (and therefore the plate 33) relative to the plate 35 which remains stationary. Thus, during manufacture, the manufacturing chamber 31 increases in altitude relative to the plate 35 which remains stationary (in the XYZ mark). To the end of the manufacturing process, the manufacturing chamber 31 is located, as shown in Figure 2, at an altitude greater than the altitude of the plate 35, in a position called high position.
Il est remarquable que pour la plupart des dispositifs de l’art antérieur, la platine est fixe par rapport au châssis et le plateau est mobile, le plus souvent sur des vérins.  It is remarkable that for most devices of the prior art, the plate is fixed relative to the frame and the plate is movable, usually on jacks.
Or, cette disposition technique rend difficile la fabrication de pièces de masse importante.  However, this technical provision makes it difficult to manufacture large mass parts.
D’une manière particulièrement avantageuse, l’invention propose un dispositif 1 dans lequel le plateau 35 est fixe par rapport au châssis 3 et c’est la chambre de fabrication 31 qui est mobile.  In a particularly advantageous manner, the invention proposes a device 1 in which the plate 35 is fixed relative to the frame 3 and it is the manufacturing chamber 31 which is movable.
Ainsi, en déplacement relatif, dans le repère X’Y’Z lié à la platine 33, le plateau 35 apparaît toujours comme mobile par rapport à la platine 33 et donc par rapport à un plan de fabrication fixe positionné dans le plan de la platine 33.  Thus, in relative displacement, in the reference X'Y'Z linked to the plate 33, the plate 35 always appears to be movable with respect to the plate 33 and therefore with respect to a fixed manufacturing plane positioned in the plane of the plate 33.
En revanche, dans le repère fixe XYZ lié au châssis et à un repère terrestre, le plateau 35 est immobile et la chambre de fabrication 31 augmente en altitude au fil de la fabrication de la pièce X. Cette disposition technique permet de soutenir des pièces de masse importante sur le plateau 35, la chambre de fabrication 31 présentant une masse bien plus faible en comparaison.  On the other hand, in the fixed reference frame XYZ linked to the chassis and to a terrestrial reference, the plate 35 is stationary and the manufacturing chamber 31 increases in altitude during the production of the part X. This technical arrangement makes it possible to support parts of large mass on the plate 35, the manufacturing chamber 31 having a mass much lower in comparison.
Durant la fabrication, la structure télescopique de la jupe 37 lui permet de s’adapter à l’augmentation de l’écartement entre le plateau 35 et la platine 33, pour conserver la pièce X et la poudre qui l’entoure dans un espace sensiblement clos. Ainsi, durant toute la fabrication, la cote de hauteur I de la jupe 37 augmente et au moins une portion de la jupe 37 repose dans la découpe 41.  During manufacture, the telescopic structure of the skirt 37 allows it to adapt to the increase in the spacing between the plate 35 and the plate 33, to keep the part X and the powder which surrounds it in a space substantially closed. Thus, throughout the manufacture, the height dimension I of the skirt 37 increases and at least a portion of the skirt 37 rests in the cut 41.
La jupe 37 permet aussi de limiter la dispersion de la poudre métallique non fusionnée, en la maintenant autant que possible dans un espace clos.  The skirt 37 also limits the dispersion of the unfused metal powder, keeping it as much as possible in an enclosed space.
A la fin du procédé de fabrication. La chambre de fabrication 31 est en position haute, comme représenté sur la figure 2. La fixation amovible de la jupe 37 permet à un utilisateur de la retirer pour accéder aisément à la pièce X fabriquée, et la sortir, après que cet utilisateur ait retiré la poudre non fusionnée entourant la ou les pièces fabriquées. A noter qu’une fois que la jupe 37 n’est plus fixée à la platine 33 on peut envisager de lever encore un peu la chambre 31 pour accéder complètement à la pièce X et faciliter son extraction. At the end of the manufacturing process. The manufacturing chamber 31 is in the up position, as shown in FIG. 2. The removable fastening of the skirt 37 allows a user to remove it for easy access to the fabricated part X, and to take it out, after this user has withdrawn the unfused powder surrounding the manufactured part or parts. Note that once the skirt 37 is no longer attached to the plate 33 can be considered to raise a little further room 31 to fully access the room X and facilitate its extraction.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif (1 ) de fabrication additive comprenant un châssis (3), une chambre de fabrication (31 ), un plateau (35) pour le dépôt d’une poudre de fabrication additive, ledit plateau étant mobile en translation par rapport à la chambre de fabrication (31 ), le dispositif (1 ) étant caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend au moins un actionneur (6) apte à déplacer la chambre de fabrication (31 ) en translation, par rapport au châssis (3), pour écarter la chambre de fabrication (31 ) du plateau (35) au fur et à mesure de la fabrication additive d’une pièce (X). 1. An additive manufacturing device (1) comprising a frame (3), a manufacturing chamber (31), a plate (35) for the deposition of an additive manufacturing powder, said plate being movable in translation relative to the manufacturing chamber (31), the device (1) being characterized in that it comprises at least one actuator (6) able to move the manufacturing chamber (31) in translation, relative to the frame (3), to separate the manufacturing chamber (31) of the plate (35) as and when the additive manufacturing of a part (X).
2. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le plateau (35) est fixe par rapport au châssis (3). 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the plate (35) is fixed relative to the frame (3).
3. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel la chambre de fabrication (31 ) comprend une platine (33) présentant une ouverture (36) coïncidant avec le plateau (35). 3. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the manufacturing chamber (31) comprises a plate (33) having an opening (36) coinciding with the plate (35).
4. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3 comprenant une jupe (37) de confinement qui s’étend à partir de l’ouverture de la platine pour entourer la pièce à fabriquer et le plateau. 4. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3 comprising a skirt (37) of confinement which extends from the opening of the plate to surround the workpiece and the tray.
5. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la jupe (37) présente une cote de hauteur (I) variable lors de la translation de la chambre de fabrication (31 ) par rapport au plateau (35). 5. Device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the skirt (37) has a height dimension (I) variable during the translation of the manufacturing chamber (31) relative to the plate (35).
6. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la jupe (37) prend la forme d’une structure télescopique comprenant une pluralité de segments (43) mobiles en translation les uns par rapport aux autres. 6. Device (1) according to claim 5, wherein the skirt (37) takes the form of a telescopic structure comprising a plurality of segments (43) movable in translation relative to each other.
7. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les segments (43) présentent des cotes de hauteur (II) différentes. 7. Device (1) according to claim 6, wherein the segments (43) have different height dimensions (II).
8. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le segment (43) présentant la plus grande cote de hauteur (II) est fixé à la platine (33). 8. Device (1) according to claim 7, wherein the segment (43) having the largest height dimension (II) is fixed to the plate (33).
9. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une des quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel les segments (43) sont reliés par des joints prenant la forme de bandeaux de cuivre. 9. Device (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the segments (43) are connected by joints in the form of copper strips.
10. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, dans lequel la jupe (37) est amovible par rapport à la platine (33), pour permettre d’accéder au plateau (35). 10. Device (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the skirt (37) is removable relative to the plate (33) to allow access to the plate (35).
1 1 . Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel le châssis (3) comprend un élément de soutien (34) sur lequel le plateau (35) est monté. 1 1. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the frame (3) comprises a support member (34) on which the plate (35) is mounted.
12. Dispositif (1 ) selon les revendications 4 et 1 1 en combinaison, dans lequel l’élément de soutien (34) présente une découpe (41 ) adaptée pour recevoir une portion de la jupe (37). 12. Device (1) according to claims 4 and 1 1 in combination, wherein the support member (34) has a cutout (41) adapted to receive a portion of the skirt (37).
13. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant une enceinte close (7), sensiblement étanche aux gaz, dans laquelle sont positionnés la chambre de fabrication (31 ), le plateau (35) et ledit au moins un actionneur (6). 13. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising a closed enclosure (7), substantially gas-tight, in which are positioned the manufacturing chamber (31), the plate (35) and said minus one actuator (6).
14. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, comprenant plusieurs actionneurs (6) positionnés à équidistance d’un barycentre de la chambre de fabrication (31 ). 14. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a plurality of actuators (6) positioned equidistant from a barycentre of the manufacturing chamber (31).
15. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, dans lequel ledit au moins un actionneur (6) est un actionneur linéaire choisi parmi un vérin, une vis à billes, ou une vis sans fin. 15. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein said at least one actuator (6) is a linear actuator selected from a cylinder, a ball screw, or a worm.
16. Dispositif (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, comprenant en outre des moyens de guidage de la chambre de fabrication (31 ) montés parallèlement aux actionneurs (6). 16. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising guide means of the manufacturing chamber (31) mounted parallel to the actuators (6).
17. Procédé de fabrication additive d’une pièce (X) avec un dispositif selon l’une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend la répétition jusqu’à obtention de la pièce (X) d’étapes de : 17. Additive manufacturing process of a part (X) with a device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises the repetition until the piece (X) of steps of:
• étalement d’une poudre de fabrication additive sur le plateau (35), Spreading an additive manufacturing powder on the tray (35),
• frittage ou fusion de la poudre, selon des coordonnées planaires choisies, par l’organe d’apport de puissance (39), pour fabriquer la pièce (X), Sintering or melting of the powder, according to chosen planar coordinates, by the power supply member (39), to manufacture the piece (X),
• déplacement de la chambre de fabrication (31 ) par rapport au plateau.  • displacement of the manufacturing chamber (31) relative to the plate.
PCT/FR2019/050422 2018-02-26 2019-02-25 Additive manufacturing device WO2019162634A1 (en)

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FR1851653 2018-02-26
FR1851653A FR3078277B1 (en) 2018-02-26 2018-02-26 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING DEVICE

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FR3078277A1 (en) 2019-08-30

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