WO2019140965A1 - Device and method for improving surface quality of slm forming part with integrated double-type laser - Google Patents

Device and method for improving surface quality of slm forming part with integrated double-type laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019140965A1
WO2019140965A1 PCT/CN2018/111619 CN2018111619W WO2019140965A1 WO 2019140965 A1 WO2019140965 A1 WO 2019140965A1 CN 2018111619 W CN2018111619 W CN 2018111619W WO 2019140965 A1 WO2019140965 A1 WO 2019140965A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scanning galvanometer
fiber laser
axis scanning
femtosecond laser
laser beam
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PCT/CN2018/111619
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王迪
窦文豪
杨永强
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华南理工大学
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Publication of WO2019140965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019140965A1/en
Priority to ZA2020/05142A priority Critical patent/ZA202005142B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/77—Recycling of gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a molding quality improvement and optimization measure for a metal 3D printing molded part, in particular to an apparatus and a method for integrating a double type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part.
  • SLM Selective Laser Melting
  • This technology has unique advantages in the manufacture of aerospace components, tooling dies, jewellery and personalized medical implants.
  • SLM has many advantages compared with traditional manufacturing, the current SLM processing technology is difficult to achieve uniformity, resulting in poor surface roughness of molded parts has become its biggest drawback.
  • the arithmetic mean deviation of the surface of the SLM molded part is 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the surface of the molded part may be divided into an outer molding surface of the part parallel to the substrate, that is, an upper surface; a molding surface at an angle to the substrate, that is, a side surface; a molding surface in contact with the substrate at the bottom of the part or a hanging surface parallel to the substrate, that is, the lower surface surface.
  • the roughness of the upper surface defines the connection between the layer and the layer and the molding stability, which has a great influence on the density and mechanical properties of the part.
  • the surface roughness of the molded part has a larger dimensional accuracy of the part. influences.
  • the methods for improving the surface roughness of SLM molded parts mainly include optimization of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, scanning strategy, etc.), post-processing and polishing in the process, and no metal in the SLM processing project.
  • the powder melting condition is detected and processed, that is, when defects such as spheroidization, protrusion, and powder adhesion occur due to improper setting of process parameters, the defects are not trimmed in real time.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for integrating a dual type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part.
  • the purpose is to use a femtosecond laser technology to ablate trimming defects such as spheroidization, bumps, and powder adhesion in each forming layer and contour during the SLM stack manufacturing process, so as not to generate additional thermal effects.
  • the upper surface and side surface roughness of the SLM molded parts are improved under the accumulation process, and the performance indexes such as the compactness and dimensional accuracy of the parts are improved, and the scrap rate of the SLM processing is reduced.
  • a device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part comprising a computer system 14, a femtosecond laser 5, a fiber laser 13, a femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, a fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11, and a Y-axis Scanning galvanometer 8, X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, XY scanning galvanometer controller 9, lens 4; the femtosecond laser 5 and the fiber laser 13 are respectively connected to the computer system 14; the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning The galvanometer 8 is respectively connected to the computer system 14 by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9;
  • the X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8;
  • the optical path of the fiber laser 13 is connected in the order that the fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11 and reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 through
  • the lens 4 is emitted and acts on a part processing area in the molding cylinder 2;
  • the optical path connection sequence of the femtosecond laser 5 is: a femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted from the femtosecond laser 5, which is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted by 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7 and reflected
  • the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is injected through the lens 4 and applied to the part processing area in the molding cylinder 2.
  • a switch is provided between the fiber laser 13 and the femtosecond laser 5; the switch is used to selectively turn on or off the femtosecond laser 5 or the fiber laser 13 so that they operate separately.
  • the forming cylinder 2 is located in the sealing working chamber 3; the two sides of the sealing working chamber 3 are connected to the external gas circulation filtering device 1 through the inlet/outlet lines, respectively.
  • An operating method for integrating a dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part including an SLM forming mode and a trimming mode;
  • the SLM molding mode is as follows:
  • the fiber laser 13 is turned on, and the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off;
  • the fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through the lens 4 in the forming cylinder 2.
  • the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to realize selective melting of the metal powder changed into the molding layer;
  • the trimming mode is as follows:
  • the fiber laser 13 is turned off by switching the switch, and the femtosecond laser 5 is in an on state;
  • the femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted by the femtosecond laser 5 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through.
  • the lens 4 acts on the surface and contour of the current molding layer, and the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to achieve ablation trimming of the layer forming layer.
  • a method for integrating a dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The gas circulation filtering device 1 is opened, the forming cylinder 2 is lowered by a forming layer thickness, the powder cylinder 16 is raised by at least one forming layer thickness, and the powder discharging arm 5 is moved and laid;
  • the fiber laser 13 is turned on; the model slice information of the molded part is introduced into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 transmits control information to the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 based on the model slice data, and the fiber laser beam 12 passes through the fiber laser beam expanding collimation 11 and through the control of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 to achieve selective melting of the metal powder by the fiber laser, complete the laser selective melting operation of the layer of the layer; the fiber laser 13 is turned off;
  • Step 2 After scanning the slice data of the layer, the fiber laser 13 is turned off, and the X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 to reverse 180° to prepare for trimming the forming layer in the first step;
  • the femtosecond laser 5 is turned on; the defect information of the surface and the contour of the formed layer is input into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 converts the surface and contour defect information of the formed layer into femtosecond laser control information, and transmits it to the XY scanning galvanometer.
  • the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off, the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 is inverted by 180°, and the fiber laser 13 is turned on to switch to the SLM forming operation of the next molding layer;
  • Step 3 Steps 1 and 2 are repeated until the SLM molded part is completely formed; the gas circulation filtering device 1 is closed, and the SLM molded part in the forming cylinder 2 is taken out and processed.
  • the ablation trimming of the contour and surface defects of the forming layer as described in the second step refers to ablation trimming of the contour and the spherical protrusion or powder adhesion defect on the surface.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the defects in each layer and contour of the molded part are trimmed by the femtosecond laser, which improves the internal density of the molded part and the improvement of the outer surface roughness, rather than the later stage.
  • the method of treatment improves the performance of the molded part;
  • the femtosecond laser timely trimming the defects improves the yield of the SLM technology
  • the fiber laser and femtosecond laser are included in the same SLM device, which improves production efficiency.
  • the femtosecond laser has the characteristics of narrow pulse width and high peak power.
  • the laser interacts with matter in a very short time and in a very small space. With the phenomenon of no thermal energy diffusion, the temperature of the active region rises sharply and far exceeds the melting and gas of the material. The temperature is achieved, real cold processing is realized, and the negative effects such as thermal deformation and stress residual caused by thermal processing are avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded part by integrating a dual-type laser according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded part by integrating a dual-type laser according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of ablation trimming of a spherical protrusion or powder adhesion defect on the surface and contour of the forming layer by the femtosecond laser beam 6.
  • gas circulation filter device 1 molding cylinder 2; sealed working chamber 3; lens 4; femtosecond laser 5; femtosecond laser beam 6; femtosecond laser beam expander collimator 7; Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8; Scanning galvanometer controller 9; X-axis scanning galvanometer 10; fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11; fiber laser beam 12; fiber laser 13; computer system 14, powder coating arm 15, powder cylinder 16.
  • the invention discloses a device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of the SLM molded part, comprising a computer system 14, a femtosecond laser 5, a fiber laser 13, a femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and a fiber laser beam expanding collimator. 11.
  • Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, XY scanning galvanometer controller 9, lens 4; the femtosecond laser 5 and the fiber laser 13 are respectively connected to the computer system 14; the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10
  • the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is telecommunicationally coupled to the computer system 14 via an XY scanning galvanometer controller 9; the lens 4 is an f-theta lens.
  • the X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8;
  • the optical path of the fiber laser 13 is connected in the order that the fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11 and reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 through
  • the lens 4 is emitted and acts on a part processing area in the molding cylinder 2;
  • the optical path connection sequence of the femtosecond laser 5 is: a femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted from the femtosecond laser 5, which is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted by 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7 and reflected
  • the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is injected through the lens 4 and applied to the part processing area in the molding cylinder 2.
  • a switch is provided between the fiber laser 13 and the femtosecond laser 5; the switch is used to selectively turn on or off the femtosecond laser 5 or the fiber laser 13 so that they operate separately.
  • the forming cylinder 2 is located in the sealing working chamber 3; the two sides of the sealing working chamber 3 are respectively connected to the external gas circulation filtering device 1 through the inlet/outlet line.
  • the femtosecond laser beam 6 and the fiber laser beam 12 should determine the properties of the respective wavelengths during the actual selection, and the unique properties such as the pulse width and pulse energy of the femtosecond laser beam have certain requirements for optical component selection.
  • the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7 and the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11 all realize the beam expanding collimation of the laser beam, and the attribute parameters of the selected laser beam should be considered in the selection.
  • the XY scanning galvanometer includes an optical element mirror and a mechanical motor device; in order to satisfy the versatility of the scanning galvanometer for the use of the femtosecond laser beam and the fiber laser beam in the present invention, the two types of laser should be considered simultaneously when selecting the mirror.
  • the motor unit has a larger angle of rotation based on the accuracy of the positioning.
  • the X-axis galvanometer has a scan range of ⁇ 115°.
  • the lens focuses a beam of collimated laser beams incident at different angles onto a planar image field, and obtains a focused spot of uniform size across the flat field image.
  • the working wavelength of the lens is determined by the characteristics of the surface coating.
  • the lens is burned by the laser; the focal spot diameter of the lens is related to the incident laser diameter, the focal length of the lens, and the beam quality factor. It is reasonable to design a beam expander in the femtosecond laser beam and the fiber laser beam to obtain a smaller focusing spot to improve the processing quality; the lens selection should consider the wavelength of the femtosecond laser beam and the fiber laser beam passed, and fly The average power of the laser beam in seconds.
  • the action time and scanning path of the femtosecond laser beam on the melting defect because the femtosecond laser ablation effect is related to the parameters of the laser power, pulse width and the time of action, so according to different defect types, the femtosecond laser during the trimming process
  • the parameters should be different. Since the powder used in the SLM technology generally reaches several tens of micrometers, and the defect diameter such as spheroidization is on the order of millimeters, which is larger than the general processing size of the femtosecond laser, the femtosecond laser satisfies the requirements of defect trimming.
  • the metal is removed by the gas circulation device of the SLM device in the form of vaporized material and ions under the ablation of the femtosecond laser.
  • the gas circulation device of the SLM device in the form of vaporized material and ions under the ablation of the femtosecond laser.
  • the device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of the SLM molded part is divided into two operation modes, namely, an SLM forming mode and a trimming mode;
  • the SLM molding mode is as follows:
  • the fiber laser 13 is turned on, and the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off;
  • the fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through the lens 4 in the forming cylinder 2.
  • the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to realize selective melting of the metal powder changed into the molding layer;
  • the trimming mode is as follows:
  • the fiber laser 13 is turned off by switching the switch, and the femtosecond laser 5 is in an on state;
  • the femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted by the femtosecond laser 5 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through.
  • the lens 4 acts on the surface and contour of the current molding layer, and the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to achieve ablation trimming of the layer forming layer.
  • the method for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of the SLM molded part can be realized by the following steps:
  • Step 1 The gas circulation filtering device 1 is opened, the forming cylinder 2 is lowered by a forming layer thickness, the powder cylinder 16 is raised by at least one forming layer thickness, and the powder discharging arm 5 is moved and laid;
  • the fiber laser 13 is turned on; the model slice information of the molded part is introduced into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 transmits control information to the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 based on the model slice data, and the fiber laser beam 12 passes through the fiber laser beam expanding collimation 11 and through the control of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 to achieve selective melting of the metal powder by the fiber laser, complete the laser selective melting operation of the layer of the layer; the fiber laser 13 is turned off;
  • Step 2 After scanning the slice data of the layer, the fiber laser 13 is turned off, and the X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 to reverse 180° to prepare for trimming the forming layer in the first step;
  • the femtosecond laser 5 is turned on; the defect information of the surface and the contour of the formed layer is input into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 converts the surface and contour defect information of the formed layer into femtosecond laser control information, and transmits it to the XY scanning galvanometer.
  • the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off, the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 is inverted by 180°, and the fiber laser 13 is turned on to switch to the SLM forming operation of the next molding layer;
  • Step 3 Steps 1 and 2 are repeated until the SLM molded part is completely formed; the gas circulation filtering device 1 is closed, and the SLM molded part in the forming cylinder 2 is taken out and processed.
  • the ablation trimming of the contour and surface defects of the forming layer as described in the second step refers to ablation trimming of the contour and the spherical protrusion or powder adhesion defect on the surface.
  • the present invention can be preferably implemented.

Abstract

A device and method for improving the surface quality of an SLM forming part with integrated double-type laser. The device comprises a fiber laser device (13), a fiber laser beam expanding collimator (11), a femtosecond laser device (5), a femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator (7), scanning galvanometers (8, 10), a lens (4), etc. In an SLM laminated manufacturing process, a femtosecond laser technology is used for ablating and trimming spheroidization, bulges, powder adhesion and other defects probably occurred in each forming layer and a profile, so that the surface quality of each SLM forming layer is improved without producing an extra heat influence, the roughness of an upper surface and side surfaces of the SLM forming part is improved in an accumulation process, performance indexes such as the compactness and the size precision of the parts are improved, and the rejection rate of SLM processing is reduced.

Description

一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置与方法Device and method for improving surface quality of SLM molded parts by integrating dual-type laser 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及金属3D打印成型件的成型质量改善及优化措施，尤其涉及一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置与方法。The invention relates to a molding quality improvement and optimization measure for a metal 3D printing molded part, in particular to an apparatus and a method for integrating a double type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part.
背景技术Background technique
激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting，SLM)技术是一种能直接成型组织致密、机械性能良好的金属增材制造技术，可直接成型冶金结合、形状复杂的高精度金属零件。该技术在航空部件、刀具模具、珠宝首饰及个性化医学生物植入体制造等方面具有独特的优势。虽和传统制造加工相比，SLM具有很多优势，但由于目前SLM加工工艺难易实现统一，致使成型件的表面粗糙度较差成为其最大的缺陷。一般情况下SLM成型件表面的算数平均偏差达到10～50μm。成型件表面可分为平行于基板的零件外部成型面，即上表面；与基板成一定角度的成型面，即侧表面；零件底部与基板接触的成型面或平行于基板的悬垂面，即下表面。在成型过程中，上表面的粗糙度界定层与层之间的连接性和成型稳定性，对零件致密度、机械性能有较大影响，成型件侧表面粗糙度对零件的尺寸精度有较大影响。Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a metal additive manufacturing technology that can directly form dense structures and good mechanical properties. It can directly form high-precision metal parts with metallurgical combination and complex shapes. This technology has unique advantages in the manufacture of aerospace components, tooling dies, jewellery and personalized medical implants. Although SLM has many advantages compared with traditional manufacturing, the current SLM processing technology is difficult to achieve uniformity, resulting in poor surface roughness of molded parts has become its biggest drawback. In general, the arithmetic mean deviation of the surface of the SLM molded part is 10 to 50 μm. The surface of the molded part may be divided into an outer molding surface of the part parallel to the substrate, that is, an upper surface; a molding surface at an angle to the substrate, that is, a side surface; a molding surface in contact with the substrate at the bottom of the part or a hanging surface parallel to the substrate, that is, the lower surface surface. In the molding process, the roughness of the upper surface defines the connection between the layer and the layer and the molding stability, which has a great influence on the density and mechanical properties of the part. The surface roughness of the molded part has a larger dimensional accuracy of the part. influences.
目前，针对SLM成型件表面粗糙度提升手段主要包括加工过程中工艺参数的优化(激光功率、扫描速度、扫描策略等)、后期处理及抛光等方式，并未在SLM加工工程中对各层金属粉末熔融情况进行检测和处理，即当因工艺参数设置不当而出现球化、凸起和粉末黏附等缺陷时未实时的对缺陷进行修整。At present, the methods for improving the surface roughness of SLM molded parts mainly include optimization of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, scanning strategy, etc.), post-processing and polishing in the process, and no metal in the SLM processing project. The powder melting condition is detected and processed, that is, when defects such as spheroidization, protrusion, and powder adhesion occur due to improper setting of process parameters, the defects are not trimmed in real time.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置与方法。目的是在SLM叠层制造的过程中，利用飞秒激光技术对每一成型层内和轮廓上可能出现的球化、凸起、粉末黏附等缺陷进行烧蚀修整，从而在不产生额外热影响的基础上提高每个SLM成型层的表面质量，实现累积过程下改善SLM成型件的上表面和侧表面粗糙度，提高零件致密性和尺寸精度等性能指标，降低了SLM加工的废品率。The present invention provides an apparatus and method for integrating a dual type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part. The purpose is to use a femtosecond laser technology to ablate trimming defects such as spheroidization, bumps, and powder adhesion in each forming layer and contour during the SLM stack manufacturing process, so as not to generate additional thermal effects. On the basis of improving the surface quality of each SLM forming layer, the upper surface and side surface roughness of the SLM molded parts are improved under the accumulation process, and the performance indexes such as the compactness and dimensional accuracy of the parts are improved, and the scrap rate of the SLM processing is reduced.
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：The invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置，包括计算机***14、飞秒激光器5、光纤激光器13、飞秒激光扩束准直器7、光纤激光扩束准直器11、Y轴扫描振镜8、X轴扫描振镜10、X-Y扫描振镜控制器9、透镜4；所述飞秒激光器5和光纤激光器13分别电讯连接计算机***14；X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8分别通过X-Y扫描振镜控制器9电讯连接计算机***14；A device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part, comprising a computer system 14, a femtosecond laser 5, a fiber laser 13, a femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, a fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11, and a Y-axis Scanning galvanometer 8, X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, XY scanning galvanometer controller 9, lens 4; the femtosecond laser 5 and the fiber laser 13 are respectively connected to the computer system 14; the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning The galvanometer 8 is respectively connected to the computer system 14 by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9;
X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8转动；The X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8;
光纤激光器13的光路连接顺序为：光纤激光器13发出的光纤激光束12，经过光纤激光扩束准直器11射入X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，在经过透镜4射出，并作用在成型缸2内的零件加工区域；The optical path of the fiber laser 13 is connected in the order that the fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11 and reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 through The lens 4 is emitted and acts on a part processing area in the molding cylinder 2;
飞秒激光器5的光路连接顺序为：飞秒激光器5发出的飞秒激光束6，经过飞秒激光扩束准直器7射入反转180°后的X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，再经过透镜4射出，并作用在成型缸2内的的零件加工区域。The optical path connection sequence of the femtosecond laser 5 is: a femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted from the femtosecond laser 5, which is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted by 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7 and reflected The Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is injected through the lens 4 and applied to the part processing area in the molding cylinder 2.
所述光纤激光器13与飞秒激光器5之间设有一切换开关；该切换开关用于选择性开启或者关闭飞秒激光器5或者光纤激光器13，使它们各自单独作业。A switch is provided between the fiber laser 13 and the femtosecond laser 5; the switch is used to selectively turn on or off the femtosecond laser 5 or the fiber laser 13 so that they operate separately.
所述成型缸2位于密封工作腔3内；密封工作腔3的两侧分别通过进/出 管路与外部的气体循环过滤装置1连接。The forming cylinder 2 is located in the sealing working chamber 3; the two sides of the sealing working chamber 3 are connected to the external gas circulation filtering device 1 through the inlet/outlet lines, respectively.
一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置的运行方法，包括SLM成型模式和修整模式；An operating method for integrating a dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part, including an SLM forming mode and a trimming mode;
SLM成型模式如下：The SLM molding mode is as follows:
通过切换开关，使光纤激光器13处于开启状态，飞秒激光器5处于关闭状态；By switching the switch, the fiber laser 13 is turned on, and the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off;
光纤激光器13发出的光纤激光束12，经过光纤激光扩束准直器11射入X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，最后经过透镜4作用在成型缸2内的粉末层上，由X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的转动，实现了改成成型层的金属粉末选择性熔化；The fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through the lens 4 in the forming cylinder 2. On the powder layer, the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to realize selective melting of the metal powder changed into the molding layer;
修整模式如下：The trimming mode is as follows:
通过切换开关，使光纤激光器13处于关闭状态，飞秒激光器5处于开启状态；The fiber laser 13 is turned off by switching the switch, and the femtosecond laser 5 is in an on state;
飞秒激光器5发出的飞秒激光束6，经过飞秒激光扩束准直器7射入反转180°后的X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，最后经过透镜4作用在当前成型层表面与轮廓上的缺陷，由X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的转动，实现该层成型层的烧蚀修整。The femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted by the femtosecond laser 5 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through. The lens 4 acts on the surface and contour of the current molding layer, and the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to achieve ablation trimming of the layer forming layer.
一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的方法，其包括如下步骤：A method for integrating a dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：气体循环过滤装置1打开，成型缸2下降一个成型层厚，粉料缸16上升至少一个成型层厚，铺粉臂5运动铺粉；Step 1: The gas circulation filtering device 1 is opened, the forming cylinder 2 is lowered by a forming layer thickness, the powder cylinder 16 is raised by at least one forming layer thickness, and the powder discharging arm 5 is moved and laid;
光纤激光器13打开；将成型件的模型切片信息导入计算机***14，计算机***14根据模型切片数据，将控制信息传输给X-Y扫描振镜控制器9，光纤激光束12穿过光纤激光扩束准直器11，并通过对X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的控制实现光纤激光对金属粉末的选择性熔化，完成本层成型层 的激光选区熔化作业；关闭光纤激光器13；The fiber laser 13 is turned on; the model slice information of the molded part is introduced into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 transmits control information to the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 based on the model slice data, and the fiber laser beam 12 passes through the fiber laser beam expanding collimation 11 and through the control of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 to achieve selective melting of the metal powder by the fiber laser, complete the laser selective melting operation of the layer of the layer; the fiber laser 13 is turned off;
步骤二：本层模型切片数据扫描完毕，光纤激光器13关闭，X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10反转180°以准备对步骤一中所述成型层进行修整；Step 2: After scanning the slice data of the layer, the fiber laser 13 is turned off, and the X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 to reverse 180° to prepare for trimming the forming layer in the first step;
打开飞秒激光器5；将该成型层的表面和轮廓的缺陷信息输入计算机***14，计算机***14将该成型层的表面和轮廓缺陷信息转换为飞秒激光控制信息后，传输给X-Y扫描振镜控制器9；飞秒激光束6经过飞秒激光扩束准直器7，在X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的控制下，对该成型层轮廓与表面的缺陷进行烧蚀修整；The femtosecond laser 5 is turned on; the defect information of the surface and the contour of the formed layer is input into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 converts the surface and contour defect information of the formed layer into femtosecond laser control information, and transmits it to the XY scanning galvanometer. The controller 9; the femtosecond laser beam 6 passes through the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and the defects of the profile layer and the surface are ablated under the control of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8. trim;
修整完成后关闭飞秒激光器5，X轴扫描振镜10反转180°，并打开光纤激光器13，以切换至下一个成型层的SLM成型作业；After the trimming is completed, the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off, the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 is inverted by 180°, and the fiber laser 13 is turned on to switch to the SLM forming operation of the next molding layer;
步骤三：重复步骤一和步骤二直至SLM成型件完全成型；关闭气体循环过滤装置1，取出成型缸2内的SLM成型件，加工完毕。Step 3: Steps 1 and 2 are repeated until the SLM molded part is completely formed; the gas circulation filtering device 1 is closed, and the SLM molded part in the forming cylinder 2 is taken out and processed.
上步骤二所述对该成型层轮廓与表面的缺陷进行烧蚀修整，是指对轮廓与表面上的球状凸起或者粉末黏附缺陷进行烧蚀修整。The ablation trimming of the contour and surface defects of the forming layer as described in the second step refers to ablation trimming of the contour and the spherical protrusion or powder adhesion defect on the surface.
本发明相对于现有技术，具有如下的优点及效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
在SLM成型过程中，通过飞秒激光对成型件的每一层内和轮廓上的缺陷进行修整，实现了成型件内部致密度等性能的提升，以及外表面粗糙度的改善，而不是以后期处理的方法提高成型件性能；In the SLM molding process, the defects in each layer and contour of the molded part are trimmed by the femtosecond laser, which improves the internal density of the molded part and the improvement of the outer surface roughness, rather than the later stage. The method of treatment improves the performance of the molded part;
飞秒激光及时对缺陷的修整提高了SLM技术的成品率；The femtosecond laser timely trimming the defects improves the yield of the SLM technology;
将光纤激光与飞秒激光同时包含在同一台SLM设备当中，提高了生产效率。飞秒激光具有脉冲宽度窄、峰值功率高的特性。在飞秒激光的烧蚀过程中，激光在极短的时间和极小的空间内与物质相互作用，伴随着无热能量扩散等现象，作用区域的温度瞬间急剧上升并远超过材料的熔化和气化温度，实现了真正的冷加工，避免了热加工带来的热变形、应力残留等负面影响。The fiber laser and femtosecond laser are included in the same SLM device, which improves production efficiency. The femtosecond laser has the characteristics of narrow pulse width and high peak power. During the ablation process of the femtosecond laser, the laser interacts with matter in a very short time and in a very small space. With the phenomenon of no thermal energy diffusion, the temperature of the active region rises sharply and far exceeds the melting and gas of the material. The temperature is achieved, real cold processing is realized, and the negative effects such as thermal deformation and stress residual caused by thermal processing are avoided.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置结构示意图。1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded part by integrating a dual-type laser according to the present invention.
图2为本发明集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的方法流程图。2 is a flow chart of a method for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded part by integrating a dual-type laser according to the present invention.
图3是飞秒激光束6对成型层表面与轮廓上的球状凸起或者粉末黏附缺陷进行烧蚀修整示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of ablation trimming of a spherical protrusion or powder adhesion defect on the surface and contour of the forming layer by the femtosecond laser beam 6.
图中：气体循环过滤装置1；成型缸2；密封工作腔3；透镜4；飞秒激光器5；飞秒激光束6；飞秒激光扩束准直器7；Y轴扫描振镜8；X-Y扫描振镜控制器9；X轴扫描振镜10；光纤激光扩束准直器11；光纤激光束12；光纤激光器13；计算机***14；铺粉臂15；粉料缸16。In the figure: gas circulation filter device 1; molding cylinder 2; sealed working chamber 3; lens 4; femtosecond laser 5; femtosecond laser beam 6; femtosecond laser beam expander collimator 7; Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8; Scanning galvanometer controller 9; X-axis scanning galvanometer 10; fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11; fiber laser beam 12; fiber laser 13; computer system 14, powder coating arm 15, powder cylinder 16.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例Example
如图1-3所示。本发明公开了一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置，包括计算机***14、飞秒激光器5、光纤激光器13、飞秒激光扩束准直器7、光纤激光扩束准直器11、Y轴扫描振镜8、X轴扫描振镜10、X-Y扫描振镜控制器9、透镜4；所述飞秒激光器5和光纤激光器13分别电讯连接计算机***14；X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8分别通过X-Y扫描振镜控制器9电讯连接计算机***14；透镜4为f-θ透镜。As shown in Figure 1-3. The invention discloses a device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of the SLM molded part, comprising a computer system 14, a femtosecond laser 5, a fiber laser 13, a femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and a fiber laser beam expanding collimator. 11. Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8, X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, XY scanning galvanometer controller 9, lens 4; the femtosecond laser 5 and the fiber laser 13 are respectively connected to the computer system 14; the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 The Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is telecommunicationally coupled to the computer system 14 via an XY scanning galvanometer controller 9; the lens 4 is an f-theta lens.
X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8转动；The X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8;
光纤激光器13的光路连接顺序为：光纤激光器13发出的光纤激光束12，经过光纤激光扩束准直器11射入X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，在经过透镜4射出，并作用在成型缸2内的零件加工区域；The optical path of the fiber laser 13 is connected in the order that the fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11 and reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 through The lens 4 is emitted and acts on a part processing area in the molding cylinder 2;
飞秒激光器5的光路连接顺序为：飞秒激光器5发出的飞秒激光束6，经 过飞秒激光扩束准直器7射入反转180°后的X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，再经过透镜4射出，并作用在成型缸2内的的零件加工区域。The optical path connection sequence of the femtosecond laser 5 is: a femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted from the femtosecond laser 5, which is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted by 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7 and reflected The Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is injected through the lens 4 and applied to the part processing area in the molding cylinder 2.
所述光纤激光器13与飞秒激光器5之间设有一切换开关；该切换开关用于选择性开启或者关闭飞秒激光器5或者光纤激光器13，使它们各自单独作业。A switch is provided between the fiber laser 13 and the femtosecond laser 5; the switch is used to selectively turn on or off the femtosecond laser 5 or the fiber laser 13 so that they operate separately.
所述成型缸2位于密封工作腔3内；密封工作腔3的两侧分别通过进/出管路与外部的气体循环过滤装置1连接。The forming cylinder 2 is located in the sealing working chamber 3; the two sides of the sealing working chamber 3 are respectively connected to the external gas circulation filtering device 1 through the inlet/outlet line.
飞秒激光束6、光纤激光束12在实际选型时应确定各自波长等属性，以及飞秒激光束的脉宽、脉冲能量等特有属性会对光学元件选型有一定要求。The femtosecond laser beam 6 and the fiber laser beam 12 should determine the properties of the respective wavelengths during the actual selection, and the unique properties such as the pulse width and pulse energy of the femtosecond laser beam have certain requirements for optical component selection.
飞秒激光扩束准直器7、光纤激光扩束准直器11作用均为实现激光束的扩束准直，选型时应考虑所选激光束的属性参数。The femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7 and the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11 all realize the beam expanding collimation of the laser beam, and the attribute parameters of the selected laser beam should be considered in the selection.
X-Y扫描振镜包括光学元件反射镜与机械电机装置；为满足扫描振镜对飞秒激光束与光纤激光束的在本发明内使用上的通用性，反射镜选型时同时应考虑两种激光的波长、飞秒激光束的脉宽等参数的要求；较一般X-Y扫描振镜相比，为实现振镜***为两种激光束分时共用，本发明所用扫描振镜中X轴振镜的电机装置在保证定位精度的基础上拥有更大的旋转角度。当飞秒与光纤激光装置分布两侧设置时，X轴振镜的扫描范围为±115°。The XY scanning galvanometer includes an optical element mirror and a mechanical motor device; in order to satisfy the versatility of the scanning galvanometer for the use of the femtosecond laser beam and the fiber laser beam in the present invention, the two types of laser should be considered simultaneously when selecting the mirror. The requirements of the wavelength, the pulse width of the femtosecond laser beam, etc.; compared with the general XY scanning galvanometer, in order to realize the galvanometer system, the two laser beams are shared by time, and the X-axis galvanometer of the scanning galvanometer used in the present invention is used. The motor unit has a larger angle of rotation based on the accuracy of the positioning. When the femtosecond and fiber laser devices are placed on both sides of the distribution, the X-axis galvanometer has a scan range of ±115°.
透镜将一束以不同角度入射的准直激光束聚焦到一个平面像场上，而且在整个平场像面上得到大小一致的聚焦光斑。透镜的工作波长由其表面镀膜的特性决定，当激光的波长不在透镜的工作波长范围内时，透镜会被激光烧损；透镜的聚焦光斑直径与入射激光直径、透镜焦距及光束质量因子有关，合理的在所述飞秒激光束和光纤激光束中设计扩束镜可获得更小的聚焦光斑提高加工质量；透镜选型应考虑所通过的飞秒激光束和光纤激光束的波长，以及飞秒激光束平均功率的大小。The lens focuses a beam of collimated laser beams incident at different angles onto a planar image field, and obtains a focused spot of uniform size across the flat field image. The working wavelength of the lens is determined by the characteristics of the surface coating. When the wavelength of the laser is not within the working wavelength range of the lens, the lens is burned by the laser; the focal spot diameter of the lens is related to the incident laser diameter, the focal length of the lens, and the beam quality factor. It is reasonable to design a beam expander in the femtosecond laser beam and the fiber laser beam to obtain a smaller focusing spot to improve the processing quality; the lens selection should consider the wavelength of the femtosecond laser beam and the fiber laser beam passed, and fly The average power of the laser beam in seconds.
飞秒激光束对熔化缺陷的作用时间与扫描路径，由于飞秒激光烧蚀效果 与激光的功率、脉宽等参数及作用的时间有关，故根据不同的缺陷类型，修整过程中飞秒激光的参数应有所不同。由于SLM技术中所应用的粉末一般达到几十微米，球化等缺陷直径为毫米级别，均大于飞秒激光的一般加工尺寸，故飞秒激光满足缺陷修整的要求。金属在飞秒激光的烧蚀作用下，以气化物质和离子的形式被SLM设备的气体循环装置消除。通过对成型层内与轮廓的球化、凸起等缺陷进行飞秒激光修整实现最终成型件表面粗糙度等性能的提升。The action time and scanning path of the femtosecond laser beam on the melting defect, because the femtosecond laser ablation effect is related to the parameters of the laser power, pulse width and the time of action, so according to different defect types, the femtosecond laser during the trimming process The parameters should be different. Since the powder used in the SLM technology generally reaches several tens of micrometers, and the defect diameter such as spheroidization is on the order of millimeters, which is larger than the general processing size of the femtosecond laser, the femtosecond laser satisfies the requirements of defect trimming. The metal is removed by the gas circulation device of the SLM device in the form of vaporized material and ions under the ablation of the femtosecond laser. Through the femtosecond laser trimming of defects such as spheroidization and protrusion in the forming layer and the contour, the surface roughness and the like of the final molded part are improved.
本发明集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置分为两种运行模式，即SLM成型模式和修整模式；The device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of the SLM molded part is divided into two operation modes, namely, an SLM forming mode and a trimming mode;
SLM成型模式如下：The SLM molding mode is as follows:
通过切换开关，使光纤激光器13处于开启状态，飞秒激光器5处于关闭状态；By switching the switch, the fiber laser 13 is turned on, and the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off;
光纤激光器13发出的光纤激光束12，经过光纤激光扩束准直器11射入X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，最后经过透镜4作用在成型缸2内的粉末层上，由X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的转动，实现了改成成型层的金属粉末选择性熔化；The fiber laser beam 12 from the fiber laser 13 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator 11, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through the lens 4 in the forming cylinder 2. On the powder layer, the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to realize selective melting of the metal powder changed into the molding layer;
修整模式如下：The trimming mode is as follows:
通过切换开关，使光纤激光器13处于关闭状态，飞秒激光器5处于开启状态；The fiber laser 13 is turned off by switching the switch, and the femtosecond laser 5 is in an on state;
飞秒激光器5发出的飞秒激光束6，经过飞秒激光扩束准直器7射入反转180°后的X轴扫描振镜10，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜8，最后经过透镜4作用在当前成型层表面与轮廓上的缺陷，由X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的转动，实现该层成型层的烧蚀修整。The femtosecond laser beam 6 emitted by the femtosecond laser 5 is incident on the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after being inverted 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 and finally passed through. The lens 4 acts on the surface and contour of the current molding layer, and the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 to achieve ablation trimming of the layer forming layer.
本发明集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的方法，可通过如下步 骤实现：The method for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of the SLM molded part can be realized by the following steps:
步骤一：气体循环过滤装置1打开，成型缸2下降一个成型层厚，粉料缸16上升至少一个成型层厚，铺粉臂5运动铺粉；Step 1: The gas circulation filtering device 1 is opened, the forming cylinder 2 is lowered by a forming layer thickness, the powder cylinder 16 is raised by at least one forming layer thickness, and the powder discharging arm 5 is moved and laid;
光纤激光器13打开；将成型件的模型切片信息导入计算机***14，计算机***14根据模型切片数据，将控制信息传输给X-Y扫描振镜控制器9，光纤激光束12穿过光纤激光扩束准直器11，并通过对X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的控制实现光纤激光对金属粉末的选择性熔化，完成本层成型层的激光选区熔化作业；关闭光纤激光器13；The fiber laser 13 is turned on; the model slice information of the molded part is introduced into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 transmits control information to the XY scanning galvanometer controller 9 based on the model slice data, and the fiber laser beam 12 passes through the fiber laser beam expanding collimation 11 and through the control of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8 to achieve selective melting of the metal powder by the fiber laser, complete the laser selective melting operation of the layer of the layer; the fiber laser 13 is turned off;
步骤二：本层模型切片数据扫描完毕，光纤激光器13关闭，X-Y扫描振镜控制器9控制X轴扫描振镜10反转180°以准备对步骤一中所述成型层进行修整；Step 2: After scanning the slice data of the layer, the fiber laser 13 is turned off, and the X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 to reverse 180° to prepare for trimming the forming layer in the first step;
打开飞秒激光器5；将该成型层的表面和轮廓的缺陷信息输入计算机***14，计算机***14将该成型层的表面和轮廓缺陷信息转换为飞秒激光控制信息后，传输给X-Y扫描振镜控制器9；飞秒激光束6经过飞秒激光扩束准直器7，在X轴扫描振镜10和Y轴扫描振镜8的控制下，对该成型层轮廓与表面的缺陷进行烧蚀修整；The femtosecond laser 5 is turned on; the defect information of the surface and the contour of the formed layer is input into the computer system 14, and the computer system 14 converts the surface and contour defect information of the formed layer into femtosecond laser control information, and transmits it to the XY scanning galvanometer. The controller 9; the femtosecond laser beam 6 passes through the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator 7, and the defects of the profile layer and the surface are ablated under the control of the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer 8. trim;
修整完成后关闭飞秒激光器5，X轴扫描振镜10反转180°，并打开光纤激光器13，以切换至下一个成型层的SLM成型作业；After the trimming is completed, the femtosecond laser 5 is turned off, the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 is inverted by 180°, and the fiber laser 13 is turned on to switch to the SLM forming operation of the next molding layer;
步骤三：重复步骤一和步骤二直至SLM成型件完全成型；关闭气体循环过滤装置1，取出成型缸2内的SLM成型件，加工完毕。Step 3: Steps 1 and 2 are repeated until the SLM molded part is completely formed; the gas circulation filtering device 1 is closed, and the SLM molded part in the forming cylinder 2 is taken out and processed.
上步骤二所述对该成型层轮廓与表面的缺陷进行烧蚀修整，是指对轮廓与表面上的球状凸起或者粉末黏附缺陷进行烧蚀修整。The ablation trimming of the contour and surface defects of the forming layer as described in the second step refers to ablation trimming of the contour and the spherical protrusion or powder adhesion defect on the surface.
如上所述，便可较好地实现本发明。As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented.
本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be equivalent. Within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置，其特征在于：A device for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part, characterized in that:
    包括计算机***(14)、飞秒激光器(5)、光纤激光器(13)、飞秒激光扩束准直器(7)、光纤激光扩束准直器(11)、Y轴扫描振镜(8)、X轴扫描振镜(10)、X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)、透镜(4)；所述飞秒激光器(5)和光纤激光器(13)分别电讯连接计算机***(14)；X轴扫描振镜(10)和Y轴扫描振镜(8)分别通过X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)电讯连接计算机***(14)；Including computer system (14), femtosecond laser (5), fiber laser (13), femtosecond laser beam expander collimator (7), fiber laser beam expander collimator (11), Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8) ), an X-axis scanning galvanometer (10), an XY scanning galvanometer controller (9), a lens (4); the femtosecond laser (5) and the fiber laser (13) are respectively connected to a computer system (14); The axis scanning galvanometer (10) and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8) are respectively connected to the computer system (14) through the XY scanning galvanometer controller (9);
    X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)控制X轴扫描振镜(10)和Y轴扫描振镜(8)转动；The X-Y scanning galvanometer controller (9) controls the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8);
    光纤激光器(13)的光路连接顺序为：光纤激光器(13)发出的光纤激光束(12)，经过光纤激光扩束准直器(11)射入X轴扫描振镜(10)，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜(8)，在经过透镜(4)射出，并作用在成型缸(2)内的零件加工区域；The optical path of the fiber laser (13) is connected in the following order: the fiber laser beam (12) emitted by the fiber laser (13) is injected into the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator (11), and is reflected. The Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8) is injected through the lens (4) and acts on the part processing area in the forming cylinder (2);
    飞秒激光器(5)的光路连接顺序为：飞秒激光器(5)发出的飞秒激光束(6)，经过飞秒激光扩束准直器(7)射入反转180°后的X轴扫描振镜(10)，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜(8)，再经过透镜(4)射出，并作用在成型缸(2)内的的零件加工区域。The optical path of the femtosecond laser (5) is connected in the following order: a femtosecond laser beam (6) from a femtosecond laser (5), which is injected into the X-axis after 180° reversal by a femtosecond laser beam expander collimator (7) The galvanometer (10) is scanned and reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8), and then emitted through the lens (4) and applied to the part processing area in the forming cylinder (2).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置，其特征在于：所述光纤激光器(13)与飞秒激光器(5)之间设有一切换开关；该切换开关用于选择性开启或者关闭飞秒激光器(5)或者光纤激光器(13)，使它们各自单独作业。The device for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded part according to claim 1, wherein a switch is arranged between the fiber laser (13) and the femtosecond laser (5); the switch is used for selecting The femtosecond laser (5) or the fiber laser (13) is turned on or off to operate separately.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置，其特征在于：所述成型缸(2)位于密封工作腔(3)内；密封工作腔(3)的两侧分别通过进/出管路与外部的气体循环过滤装置(1)连接。The device for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded part according to claim 2, wherein the forming cylinder (2) is located in the sealing working chamber (3); the two sides of the sealing working chamber (3) are respectively passed The inlet/outlet line is connected to an external gas circulation filter (1).
  4. 权利要求3所述集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置的运行方法，其特征在于包括SLM成型模式和修整模式；The method of operating an apparatus for integrating a dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded article according to claim 3, characterized by comprising an SLM forming mode and a trimming mode;
    SLM成型模式如下：The SLM molding mode is as follows:
    通过切换开关，使光纤激光器(13)处于开启状态，飞秒激光器(5)处于关闭状态；By switching the switch, the fiber laser (13) is turned on, and the femtosecond laser (5) is turned off;
    光纤激光器(13)发出的光纤激光束(12)，经过光纤激光扩束准直器(11)射入X轴扫描振镜(10)，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜(8)，最后经过透镜(4)作用在成型缸(2)内的粉末层上，由X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)控制X轴扫描振镜(10)和Y轴扫描振镜(8)的转动，实现了改成成型层的金属粉末选择性熔化；The fiber laser beam (12) emitted by the fiber laser (13) is injected into the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator (11), and is reflected into the Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8), and finally The lens (4) acts on the powder layer in the molding cylinder (2), and the rotation of the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8) is controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller (9). The metal powder changed into the forming layer is selectively melted;
    修整模式如下：The trimming mode is as follows:
    通过切换开关，使光纤激光器(13)处于关闭状态，飞秒激光器(5)处于开启状态；The fiber laser (13) is turned off by switching the switch, and the femtosecond laser (5) is turned on;
    飞秒激光器(5)发出的飞秒激光束(6)，经过飞秒激光扩束准直器(7)射入反转180°后的X轴扫描振镜(10)，并反射射入Y轴扫描振镜(8)，最后经过透镜(4)作用在当前成型层表面与轮廓上的缺陷，由X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)控制X轴扫描振镜(10)和Y轴扫描振镜(8)的转动，实现该层成型层的烧蚀修整。The femtosecond laser beam (6) emitted by the femtosecond laser (5) is injected into the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) after being inverted 180° by the femtosecond laser beam expanding collimator (7), and reflected into the Y Axial scanning galvanometer (8), finally through the lens (4) on the surface and contour of the current molding layer, the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) and Y-axis scanning vibration are controlled by the XY scanning galvanometer controller (9) The rotation of the mirror (8) enables ablation trimming of the layer of the layer.
  5. 一种集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的方法，其特征在于采用权利要求3所述集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的装置实现，其包括如下步骤：A method for integrating the dual-type laser to improve the surface quality of an SLM molded part, characterized in that the apparatus for improving the surface quality of the SLM molded part by using the integrated dual-type laser according to claim 3 comprises the following steps:
    步骤一：气体循环过滤装置(1)打开，成型缸(2)下降一个成型层厚，粉料缸(16)上升至少一个成型层厚，铺粉臂(5)运动铺粉；Step 1: The gas circulation filtering device (1) is opened, the forming cylinder (2) is lowered by a forming layer thickness, the powder cylinder (16) is raised by at least one forming layer thickness, and the powdering arm (5) is moved to be powdered;
    光纤激光器(13)打开；将成型件的模型切片信息导入计算机***(14)，计算机***(14)根据模型切片数据，将控制信息传输给X-Y扫描振镜控制 器(9)，光纤激光束(12)穿过光纤激光扩束准直器(11)，并通过对X轴扫描振镜(10)和Y轴扫描振镜(8)的控制实现光纤激光对金属粉末的选择性熔化，完成本层成型层的激光选区熔化作业；关闭光纤激光器(13)；The fiber laser (13) is opened; the model slice information of the molded part is introduced into the computer system (14), and the computer system (14) transmits the control information to the XY scanning galvanometer controller (9) according to the model slice data, and the fiber laser beam ( 12) Passing through the fiber laser beam expanding collimator (11), and controlling the selective melting of the metal powder by the fiber laser by controlling the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) and the Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8) Laser selective melting operation of the layer forming layer; turning off the fiber laser (13);
    步骤二：本层模型切片数据扫描完毕，光纤激光器(13)关闭，X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)控制X轴扫描振镜(10)反转180°以准备对步骤一中所述成型层进行修整；Step 2: After scanning the slice data of the layer, the fiber laser (13) is turned off, and the XY scanning galvanometer controller (9) controls the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) to reverse 180° to prepare the molding layer described in the first step. Finishing;
    打开飞秒激光器(5)；将该成型层的表面和轮廓的缺陷信息输入计算机***(14)，计算机***(14)将该成型层的表面和轮廓缺陷信息转换为飞秒激光控制信息后，传输给X-Y扫描振镜控制器(9)；飞秒激光束(6)经过飞秒激光扩束准直器(7)，在X轴扫描振镜(10)和Y轴扫描振镜(8)的控制下，对该成型层轮廓与表面的缺陷进行烧蚀修整；Opening a femtosecond laser (5); inputting defect information of the surface and contour of the formed layer into a computer system (14), and converting the surface and contour defect information of the formed layer into femtosecond laser control information by a computer system (14) Transfer to XY scanning galvanometer controller (9); femtosecond laser beam (6) through femtosecond laser beam expander collimator (7), X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) and Y-axis scanning galvanometer (8) Under the control, the contour of the forming layer and the surface defects are ablated and trimmed;
    修整完成后关闭飞秒激光器(5)，X轴扫描振镜(10)反转180°，并打开光纤激光器(13)，以切换至下一个成型层的SLM成型作业；After the trimming is completed, the femtosecond laser (5) is turned off, the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) is inverted by 180°, and the fiber laser (13) is turned on to switch to the SLM forming operation of the next molding layer;
    步骤三：重复步骤一和步骤二直至SLM成型件完全成型；关闭气体循环过滤装置(1)，取出成型缸(2)内的SLM成型件，加工完毕。Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the SLM molded part is completely formed; close the gas circulation filtering device (1), and take out the SLM molded part in the forming cylinder (2), and the processing is completed.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述集成双类型激光提高SLM成型件表面质量的方法，其特征在于步骤二所述对该成型层轮廓与表面的缺陷进行烧蚀修整，是指对轮廓与表面上的球状凸起或者粉末黏附缺陷进行烧蚀修整。The method for improving the surface quality of an SLM molded article according to claim 5, wherein the ablation trimming of the contour and the surface defect of the forming layer according to the second step is a spherical convex on the contour and the surface. Ablation or powder adhesion defects for ablation trimming.
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