CN208288992U - A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the device of SLM surface of shaped parts quality - Google Patents

A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the device of SLM surface of shaped parts quality Download PDF

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CN208288992U
CN208288992U CN201820102942.4U CN201820102942U CN208288992U CN 208288992 U CN208288992 U CN 208288992U CN 201820102942 U CN201820102942 U CN 201820102942U CN 208288992 U CN208288992 U CN 208288992U
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laser
scanning galvanometer
axis scanning
slm
fiber laser
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王迪
窦文豪
杨永强
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The utility model discloses the devices that a kind of integrated double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality;The device includes optical fiber laser, optical-fiber laser beam-expanding collimation device, femto-second laser, femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device, scanning galvanometer, lens etc..During SLM layered manufacturing, the defects of being sticked using femtosecond laser technology to the nodularization that is likely to occur in each shape layer and on profile, protrusion, powder carries out ablation finishing, to improve the surface quality of each SLM shape layer on the basis of not generating additional heat affecting, realize upper surface and the side surface roughness for improving SLM molded part under accumulation, the performance indicators such as part compactness and dimensional accuracy are improved, the rejection rate of SLM processing is reduced.

Description

A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the device of SLM surface of shaped parts quality
Technical field
The utility model relates to the improvement of the Forming Quality of metal 3D printing molded part and Optimized Measures more particularly to a kind of collection Type laser in pairs improves the device of SLM surface of shaped parts quality.
Background technique
Selective laser fusing (Selective LaserMelting, SLM) technology be it is a kind of can straight forming dense structure, The metal increases material manufacturing technology of satisfactory mechanical property, can straight forming metallurgical bonding, complex-shaped high-precision metal part.It should Technology has unique excellent in terms of aerospace parts, cutter die, bullion and personalized medicine biologic implant Gesture.Though comparing with conventionally manufactured processing, SLM has many advantages, since current SLM processing technology difficulty or ease realize unified, cause Make the surface roughness of molded part is poor to become its maximum defect.The arithmetic mean of SLM surface of shaped parts is inclined under normal circumstances Difference reaches 10~50 μm.Surface of shaped parts can be divided into forming surface outside the part for being parallel to substrate, i.e. upper surface;With substrate at one Determine the forming surface of angle, i.e. side surface;Forming surface that feature bottom is in contact with substrate or the draping face for being parallel to substrate, i.e. following table Face.In forming process, the roughness of upper surface defines connectivity and forming stability between layers, to part densification Degree, mechanical performance have larger impact, and molded part side surface roughness has larger impact to the dimensional accuracy of part.
Currently, being directed to the optimization that SLM surface of shaped parts roughness lifting means mainly include technological parameter in process The modes such as (laser power, scanning speed, scanning strategy etc.), post-processing and polishing, not to each layer in SLM process engineering Metal powders melt situation is detected and is handled, i.e., when because technological parameter setting is improper, nodularization, protrusion and powder occur glutinous Defect is not modified in real time when the defects of attached.
Summary of the invention
The utility model provides a kind of device of integrated double-type laser raising SLM surface of shaped parts quality.Purpose be Nodularization, convex during SLM layered manufacturing, using femtosecond laser technology to being likely to occur in each shape layer and on profile Rise, powder the defects of sticking, carries out ablation finishing, to improve each SLM shape layer on the basis of not generating additional heat affecting Surface quality, realize accumulation under improve SLM molded part upper surface and side surface roughness, improve part compactness and The performance indicators such as dimensional accuracy reduce the rejection rate of SLM processing.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the device of SLM surface of shaped parts quality, including computer system 14, femtosecond swash Light device 5, optical fiber laser 13, femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7, optical-fiber laser beam-expanding collimation device 11, Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, X-axis Scanning galvanometer 10, X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9, lens 4;The femto-second laser 5 is distinguished telecommunication with optical fiber laser 13 and is connected Computer system 14;X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 connects meter by 9 telecommunication of X-Y scanning galvanometer controller respectively with Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 Calculation machine system 14;
X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 rotates;
The optical path order of connection of optical fiber laser 13 are as follows: the fiber laser beam 12 that optical fiber laser 13 issues, by optical fiber Laser bundle-enlarging collimation device 11 injects X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, and reflects and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, projects by lens 4, and make Part machining area in moulding cylinder 2;
The optical path order of connection of femto-second laser 5 are as follows: the femtosecond laser beam 6 that femto-second laser 5 issues, by femtosecond laser Beam-expanding collimation device 7 injects the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after 180 ° of reversion, and reflects and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, penetrates using lens 4 Out, and the part machining area in moulding cylinder 2 is acted on.
A switching switch is equipped between the optical fiber laser 13 and femto-second laser 5;Switching switch is for selectivity It is turned on or off femto-second laser 5 or optical fiber laser 13, makes each separate operaton.
The moulding cylinder 2 is located in pressurization working lumen 3;The two sides of pressurization working lumen 3 pass through entry/exit pipeline and outside respectively Gas circulation filter 1 connect.
A kind of operation method of the device of integrated double-type laser raising SLM surface of shaped parts quality, including SLM shaping mould Formula and finishing mode;
It is as follows that SLM forms mode:
It is switched by switching, keeps optical fiber laser 13 in the open state, femto-second laser 5 is in close state;
The fiber laser beam 12 that optical fiber laser 13 issues injects X-axis scanning vibration by optical-fiber laser beam-expanding collimation device 11 Mirror 10, and reflect and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, it finally acts on the powder bed in moulding cylinder 2 by lens 4, is scanned by X-Y Galvanometer controller 9 controls the rotation of X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, realizes the metal powder choosing for being changed to shape layer The fusing of selecting property;
Finishing mode is as follows:
It is switched by switching, is in close state optical fiber laser 13, femto-second laser 5 is in the open state;
The femtosecond laser beam 6 that femto-second laser 5 issues, the X after femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7 injects 180 ° of reversion Axis scanning galvanometer 10, and reflect and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, finally acted in current molding layer surface and profile by lens 4 Defect, by X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 control X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 rotation, realize the formable layer The ablation finishing of layer.
A kind of method that integrated double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality comprising following steps:
Step 1: gas circulation filter 1 is opened, and moulding cylinder 2 declines a molding thickness, and powder cylinder 16 rises at least One molding thickness, powdering arm 5 move powdering;
Optical fiber laser 13 is opened;The model slice information of molded part is imported into computer system 14, computer system 14 According to model slice data, control information is transferred to X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9, fiber laser beam 12 passes through optical-fiber laser Beam-expanding collimation device 11, and realize optical-fiber laser to metal powder by the control to X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 Selective melting, complete this formable layer layer selective laser fusing operation;Close optical fiber laser 13;
Step 2: this layer model slice of data is scanned, and optical fiber laser 13 is closed, and X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 is controlled X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 processed inverts 180 ° to prepare to modify shape layer described in step 1;
Open femto-second laser 5;The defect information of the surface of the shape layer and profile is inputted into computer system 14, is calculated After the surface of the shape layer and profile defects information are converted to optimal control information by machine system 14, it is transferred to X-Y scanning Galvanometer controller 9;Femtosecond laser beam 6 passes through femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7, in X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 Control under, ablation finishing is carried out to the defect of the shape layer profile and surface;
Femto-second laser 5 is closed after the completion of finishing, X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 inverts 180 °, and opens optical fiber laser 13, with Switch to the SLM operations for forming of next shape layer;
Step 3: repeating step 1 and step 2 until SLM molded part forms completely;Gas circulation filter 1 is closed, Take out the SLM molded part in moulding cylinder 2, completion of processing.
The defect of pair the shape layer profile and surface described in upper step 2 carries out ablation finishing, refers to on profile and surface Ball bumps or powder stick defect carry out ablation finishing.
The utility model compared with the existing technology, have following advantages and effects
In SLM forming process, the defect in each layer of molded part and on profile is modified by femtosecond laser, The promotions of performances such as molded part inside solid degree and the improvement of outer surface roughness are realized, rather than with post-processing Method improves molded part performance;
Femtosecond laser improves the yield rate of SLM technology to the finishing of defect in time;
Optical-fiber laser and femtosecond laser are included in simultaneously in same SLM device, production efficiency is improved.Femtosecond swashs Light has the characteristic that pulse width is narrow, peak power is high.In the ablation process of femtosecond laser, laser is in extremely short time and pole In small space and matter interaction, phenomena such as diffusion along with no thermal energy, the temperature moment of the zone of action is steeply risen And fusing and gasification temperature far more than material, real cold working is realized, the thermal deformation of hot-working bring, stress are avoided The negative effect such as residual.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram that the utility model integrates that double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality.
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram that the utility model integrates that double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality.
Fig. 3 be 6 pairs of femtosecond laser beam molding layer surfaces on profile ball bumps or powder stick defect and burn Erosion finishing schematic diagram.
In figure: gas circulation filter 1;Moulding cylinder 2;Pressurization working lumen 3;Lens 4;Femto-second laser 5;Femtosecond laser Beam 6;Femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7;Y axis scanning galvanometer 8;X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9;X-axis scanning galvanometer 10;Optical fiber swashs Light beam-expanding collimation device 11;Fiber laser beam 12;Optical fiber laser 13;Computer system 14;Powdering arm 15;Powder cylinder 16.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is more specifically described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment
As shown in Figs. 1-3.The utility model discloses a kind of integrated double-type laser to improve SLM surface of shaped parts quality Device, including computer system 14, femto-second laser 5, optical fiber laser 13, femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7, optical-fiber laser expand Beam collimator 11, Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9, lens 4;The femto-second laser 5, which distinguish telecommunication with optical fiber laser 13, connects computer system 14;X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 pass through X- respectively 9 telecommunication of Y scan galvanometer controller connects computer system 14;Lens 4 are f- θ lens.
X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 controls X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 rotates;
The optical path order of connection of optical fiber laser 13 are as follows: the fiber laser beam 12 that optical fiber laser 13 issues, by optical fiber Laser bundle-enlarging collimation device 11 injects X-axis scanning galvanometer 10, and reflects and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, projects by lens 4, and make Part machining area in moulding cylinder 2;
The optical path order of connection of femto-second laser 5 are as follows: the femtosecond laser beam 6 that femto-second laser 5 issues, by femtosecond laser Beam-expanding collimation device 7 injects the X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 after 180 ° of reversion, and reflects and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, penetrates using lens 4 Out, and the part machining area in moulding cylinder 2 is acted on.
A switching switch is equipped between the optical fiber laser 13 and femto-second laser 5;Switching switch is for selectivity It is turned on or off femto-second laser 5 or optical fiber laser 13, makes each separate operaton.
The moulding cylinder 2 is located in pressurization working lumen 3;The two sides of pressurization working lumen 3 pass through entry/exit pipeline and outside respectively Gas circulation filter 1 connect.
Femtosecond laser beam 6, fiber laser beam 12 should determine the attributes such as respective wavelength and femtosecond laser in practical type selecting The particular attributes such as pulsewidth, the pulse energy of beam can there are certain requirements optical element type selecting.
Femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7, the effect of optical-fiber laser beam-expanding collimation device 11 are the beam-expanding collimation for realizing laser beam, The property parameters of selected laser beam are considered as when type selecting.
X-Y scanning galvanometer includes optical element reflecting mirror and mechanical motor device;To meet scanning galvanometer to femtosecond laser Beam and fiber laser beam use upper versatility in the utility model, and when reflecting mirror type selecting is considered as two kinds of laser simultaneously Wavelength, femtosecond laser beam the parameters such as pulsewidth requirement;More general X-Y scanning galvanometer is compared, to realize that galvanometer system is two kinds Laser beam is time sharing shared, and the electric machine of X-axis galvanometer is on the basis for guaranteeing positioning accuracy in scanning galvanometer used in the utility model On possess bigger rotation angle.When femtosecond and fiber laser device distribution two sides setting, the scanning range of X-axis galvanometer is ± 115°。
Lens focus on a branch of collimated laser beam with different angle incidence in one flat image field, and are entirely putting down Focal beam spot of the same size is obtained in the image planes of field.The operation wavelength of lens is determined by the characteristic of its surface coating, when laser When wavelength is not in the operating wavelength range of lens, lens can be by laser scaling loss;The focal beam spot diameter and incident laser of lens Diameter, the focal length of lens and beam quality factor are related, reasonably design and expand in the femtosecond laser beam and fiber laser beam Mirror can get smaller focal beam spot and improve processing quality;Lens type selecting is considered as passed through femtosecond laser beam and optical-fiber laser The wavelength of beam and the size of femtosecond laser beam mean power.
Action time and scan path of the femtosecond laser beam to fusion defects, due to femtosecond laser ablation effect and laser The time of the parameters such as power, pulsewidth and effect is related, therefore according to different defect types, the parameter of femtosecond laser in dressing process It answers different.The defects of powder as applied in SLM technology commonly reaches tens microns, nodularization diameter is grade Not, it is all larger than the general processing dimension of femtosecond laser, therefore femtosecond laser meets the requirement of defect repair.Metal is in femtosecond laser Under ablation effect, eliminated in the form of gasification substance and ion by the gas-recycling plant of SLM device.By in shape layer with The defects of nodularization of profile, protrusion, carries out the promotion that the performances such as final molding part surface roughness are realized in femtosecond laser finishing.
The device that the utility model integrates double-type laser raising SLM surface of shaped parts quality is divided into two kinds of operational modes, That is SLM forms mode and finishing mode;
It is as follows that SLM forms mode:
It is switched by switching, keeps optical fiber laser 13 in the open state, femto-second laser 5 is in close state;
The fiber laser beam 12 that optical fiber laser 13 issues injects X-axis scanning vibration by optical-fiber laser beam-expanding collimation device 11 Mirror 10, and reflect and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, it finally acts on the powder bed in moulding cylinder 2 by lens 4, is scanned by X-Y Galvanometer controller 9 controls the rotation of X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, realizes the metal powder choosing for being changed to shape layer The fusing of selecting property;
Finishing mode is as follows:
It is switched by switching, is in close state optical fiber laser 13, femto-second laser 5 is in the open state;
The femtosecond laser beam 6 that femto-second laser 5 issues, the X after femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7 injects 180 ° of reversion Axis scanning galvanometer 10, and reflect and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer 8, finally acted in current molding layer surface and profile by lens 4 Defect, by X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 control X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 rotation, realize the formable layer The ablation finishing of layer.
The utility model integrates the method that double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality, can be real as follows It is existing:
Step 1: gas circulation filter 1 is opened, and moulding cylinder 2 declines a molding thickness, and powder cylinder 16 rises at least One molding thickness, powdering arm 5 move powdering;
Optical fiber laser 13 is opened;The model slice information of molded part is imported into computer system 14, computer system 14 According to model slice data, control information is transferred to X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9, fiber laser beam 12 passes through optical-fiber laser Beam-expanding collimation device 11, and realize optical-fiber laser to metal powder by the control to X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 Selective melting, complete this formable layer layer selective laser fusing operation;Close optical fiber laser 13;
Step 2: this layer model slice of data is scanned, and optical fiber laser 13 is closed, and X-Y scanning galvanometer controller 9 is controlled X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 processed inverts 180 ° to prepare to modify shape layer described in step 1;
Open femto-second laser 5;The defect information of the surface of the shape layer and profile is inputted into computer system 14, is calculated After the surface of the shape layer and profile defects information are converted to optimal control information by machine system 14, it is transferred to X-Y scanning Galvanometer controller 9;Femtosecond laser beam 6 passes through femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device 7, in X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 and Y axis scanning galvanometer 8 Control under, ablation finishing is carried out to the defect of the shape layer profile and surface;
Femto-second laser 5 is closed after the completion of finishing, X-axis scanning galvanometer 10 inverts 180 °, and opens optical fiber laser 13, with Switch to the SLM operations for forming of next shape layer;
Step 3: repeating step 1 and step 2 until SLM molded part forms completely;Gas circulation filter 1 is closed, Take out the SLM molded part in moulding cylinder 2, completion of processing.
The defect of pair the shape layer profile and surface described in upper step 2 carries out ablation finishing, refers to on profile and surface Ball bumps or powder stick defect carry out ablation finishing.
As described above, the utility model can be realized preferably.
The embodiments of the present invention is simultaneously not restricted to the described embodiments, other are any without departing from the utility model Made changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications under spiritual essence and principle, should be equivalent substitute mode, are included in Within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (3)

1. the device that a kind of integrated double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality, it is characterised in that:
Including computer system (14), femto-second laser (5), optical fiber laser (13), femtosecond laser beam-expanding collimation device (7), light Fine laser bundle-enlarging collimation device (11), Y axis scanning galvanometer (8), X-axis scanning galvanometer (10), X-Y scanning galvanometer controller (9), lens (4);Telecommunication connects computer system (14) to the femto-second laser (5) respectively with optical fiber laser (13);X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) computer system (14) are connected by X-Y scanning galvanometer controller (9) telecommunication respectively with Y axis scanning galvanometer (8);
X-Y scanning galvanometer controller (9) controls X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) and Y axis scanning galvanometer (8) rotation;
The optical path order of connection of optical fiber laser (13) are as follows: the fiber laser beam (12) that optical fiber laser (13) issues, by light Fine laser bundle-enlarging collimation device (11) injects X-axis scanning galvanometer (10), and reflects and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer (8), is passing through lens (4) it projects, and acts on the part machining area in moulding cylinder (2);
The optical path order of connection of femto-second laser (5) are as follows: the femtosecond laser beam (6) that femto-second laser (5) issues swashs by femtosecond Light beam-expanding collimation device (7) injects the X-axis scanning galvanometer (10) after 180 ° of reversion, and reflects and inject Y axis scanning galvanometer (8), then pass through Lens (4) injection is crossed, and acts on the part machining area in moulding cylinder (2).
2. integrating the device that double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: A switching switch is equipped between the optical fiber laser (13) and femto-second laser (5);The switching is switched for selectively unlocking Femto-second laser (5) or optical fiber laser (13) are either closed, each separate operaton is made.
3. integrating the device that double-type laser improves SLM surface of shaped parts quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: The moulding cylinder (2) is located in pressurization working lumen (3);The two sides of pressurization working lumen (3) pass through entry/exit pipeline and outside respectively Gas circulation filter (1) connection.
CN201820102942.4U 2018-01-22 2018-01-22 A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the device of SLM surface of shaped parts quality Active CN208288992U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108311697A (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-07-24 华南理工大学 A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the apparatus and method of SLM surface of shaped parts quality

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108311697A (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-07-24 华南理工大学 A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the apparatus and method of SLM surface of shaped parts quality

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GR01 Patent grant
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Assignee: Guangdong Tianfu Magnesium Heat Treatment Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: SOUTH CHINA University OF TECHNOLOGY

Contract record no.: X2023980048011

Denomination of utility model: A device for integrating dual type lasers to improve the surface quality of SLM formed parts

Granted publication date: 20181228

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Record date: 20231123

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract