CN109465447A - A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling - Google Patents
A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN109465447A CN109465447A CN201811469811.0A CN201811469811A CN109465447A CN 109465447 A CN109465447 A CN 109465447A CN 201811469811 A CN201811469811 A CN 201811469811A CN 109465447 A CN109465447 A CN 109465447A
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- laser
- hot spot
- processing plane
- slow cooling
- powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
- B22F12/82—Combination of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/86—Serial processing with multiple devices grouped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling, processing plane is processed simultaneously using first to be parallel to each other to third laser, wherein, second laser is less than the diameter that first laser, third laser form hot spot in processing plane in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot；First laser, second laser, third laser are the hot spot that processing plane is formed is arranged successively along machine direction, the center of circle is on same straight line, and the edge of adjacent spots is tangent；The temperature that first laser, third laser form hot spot is less than powder sintered fusion temperature, and the temperature that second laser forms hot spot is greater than powder sintered fusion temperature；First to the laser-formed hot spot of third be respectively used to preheating, sintering melt and slow cooling.The present invention can reduce temperature gradient in forming process, and then reduce the stress of inside parts, help to improve the processing quality of part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increases material manufacturing technology fields, more particularly to a kind of increasing material manufacturing side of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling
Method and equipment.
Background technique
Increases material manufacturing technology is that a kind of three-dimensional digital model by material according to required converted products is successively manufactured
Process.The main distinction of itself and traditional technology is, the threedimensional model of part is carried out digitized processing, is allowed to resolve into layer
If for the stacked state of the minimum thin slice of the dry thickness of unit；Associated mechanisms are recycled later, by material according to every layer of shape
It is stacked, finally obtains target part.Raw material one of of the powder as increases material manufacturing technology, due to target part character
Identical, required aftertreatment technology is few, is widely applied.When carrying out increasing material manufacturing using powder, equipment is equal in processing plane
One layer of powder of even laying, is later sintered powder by laser, and hot spot can be such that powder melts rapidly after acting on powder,
And be combined together with the part under powder, after laser facula is removed, a part that the powder of thawing is quickly cooled to as part.
Such process moves in circles, and finally obtains the part of needs.
In increasing material manufacturing method before, a laser source is often only used as energy input devices；Manufacturing process
Middle hot spot acts directly on powder, since powder is not preheated, in hot spot and produces great temperature gradient outside hot spot,
So that by the molding inside parts of increasing material manufacturing method there are biggish residual stress and holes the defects of.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of three laser for defect involved in background technique
The increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of auxiliary preheating slow cooling.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of three laser assisted preheating slow cooling, is layered the model printed, by down toward
On each layer is printed in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1) carries out powdering to processing plane；
Step 2 simultaneously processes processing plane using first to be parallel to each other to third laser, wherein second laser exists
It processes plane and forms the diameter of hot spot less than first laser, the diameter of second laser formation hot spot in processing plane；First swashs
Light, second laser, third laser processing plane formed hot spot be arranged successively along machine direction, the center of circle is in same straight line
On, and the edge of adjacent spots is tangent；
The temperature that the first laser, third laser form hot spot is less than powder sintered fusion temperature, and second laser forms hot spot
Temperature be greater than powder sintered fusion temperature；
The hot spot that the first laser is formed is preheated for treating molding powder；
The hot spot that the second laser is formed is used to be sintered thawing to the powder after preheated；
Powder after the laser-formed hot spot of third is used to melt sintering carries out slow cooling.
As the of the invention a kind of further prioritization scheme of increasing material manufacturing method of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling, described the
One laser is 1000 μm in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot, and the second laser is in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot
100um, the third laser are 1200 μm in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot.
The invention also discloses a kind of increasing material manufacturings of increasing material manufacturing method based on three laser assisted preheating slow cooling to set
Standby, comprising first to third laser generation module, described first to third laser generation module is respectively used to generate first to the
Three laser；
Described first to third laser generation module include laser, beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focus device and galvanometer；Laser
Device successively forms hot spot in processing plane after beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focus device, galvanometer for generating laser, laser.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technical effect that
During traditional increasing material manufacturing, extreme temperatures at laser-formed molten bath, between molten bath and the powder of surrounding room temperature
Very big temperature gradient is formd, causes the stress inside part to be processed very big, easily leads to the deformation of part, simultaneously also
The defects of will form stomata, crackle.The present invention preheats powder using light beam, and another light beam processes powder,
Three beams of laser carries out slow cooling to molded part, can reduce temperature gradient, and then reduce the stress of inside parts, help
In the stomata and crackle that reduce inside parts, the processing quality of part is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of increasing material manufacturing equipment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the first schematic diagram for forming hot spot in processing plane to third laser in the present invention.
In figure, the hot spot that 1- first laser is formed in processing plane, the hot spot that 2- second laser is formed in processing plane, 3-
Laser of the third laser in the hot spot for processing plane formation, 101- first laser generation module, 102- first laser generate
Beam-expanding collimation mirror in module, the dynamic focus device in 103- first laser generation module, 104- first laser generation module
In galvanometer, the laser in 201- second laser generation module, the beam-expanding collimation mirror in 202- second laser generation module,
Dynamic focus device in 203- second laser generation module, the galvanometer in 204- second laser generation module, 301- third swash
Laser in light generation module, the beam-expanding collimation mirror in 302- third laser generation module, 303- third laser generation module
In dynamic focus device, the galvanometer in 304- third laser generation module, 4- processes plane.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The present invention can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be assumed that be limited to the embodiments described herein.On the contrary, providing
These embodiments are thoroughly and complete to make the disclosure, and will give full expression to the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity it is exaggerated component.
The invention discloses a kind of increasing material manufacturing methods of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling, to the model printed
It is layered, each layer is printed in accordance with the following steps from the bottom to top:
Step 1) carries out powdering to processing plane；
Step 2 simultaneously processes processing plane using first to be parallel to each other to third laser, wherein second laser exists
It processes plane and forms the diameter of hot spot less than first laser, the diameter of second laser formation hot spot in processing plane；First swashs
Light, second laser, third laser processing plane formed hot spot be arranged successively along machine direction, the center of circle is in same straight line
On, and the edge of adjacent spots is tangent；
The temperature that the first laser, third laser form hot spot is less than powder sintered fusion temperature, and second laser forms hot spot
Temperature be greater than powder sintered fusion temperature；
The hot spot that the first laser is formed is preheated for treating molding powder；
The hot spot that the second laser is formed is used to be sintered thawing to the powder after preheated；
Powder after the laser-formed hot spot of third is used to melt sintering carries out slow cooling.
The invention also discloses a kind of increasing material manufacturings of increasing material manufacturing method based on three laser assisted preheating slow cooling to set
Standby, comprising first to third laser generation module, described first to third laser generation module is respectively used to generate first to the
Three laser；
Described first to third laser generation module include laser, beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focus device and galvanometer；Laser
Device successively forms hot spot in processing plane after beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focus device, galvanometer for generating laser, laser.
As shown in Figure 1, dual-beam increasing material manufacturing method of the invention, while processing is directly acted on using three-beam and is put down
Face.First wavelength, into dynamic focusing system, forms converged light after beam-expanding collimation mirror for the laser of A, then through first
The reflection of platform galvanometer system forms micro- large spot in processing plane, will process the powder at plane and preheats.Beam-expanding collimation mirror moves
State focusing system is suitable for the laser wavelength that wavelength is A.At the same time, the laser that second wavelength is B is by expanding standard
After straight mirror, into dynamic focusing system, form converged light, then reflect through second galvanometer system, formed in processing plane compared with
Small light spot can melt sintering to the powder at processing plane.It is B's that beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focusing system, which are suitable for wavelength,
Laser wavelength.Third platform wavelength is the laser of C after beam-expanding collimation mirror, into dynamic focusing system, forms converged light, then
It is reflected through First galvanometer system, forms micro- large spot in processing plane, the molded part processed at plane is delayed
It is cold.Beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focusing system are suitable for the laser wavelength that wavelength is C.
As shown in Fig. 2, the hot spot that the laser that wavelength is A is formed in processing plane, much larger than the laser that wavelength is B
The hot spot formed in processing plane.The hot spot that the laser that wavelength is C is formed in processing plane is B's much larger than wavelength
The hot spot that laser is formed in processing plane.Processing plane can be melted shape by the relatively small light spot that the laser that wavelength is B is formed
At molten bath, and then by metal powder sintered formation metal solid.Extreme temperatures at molten bath, typically larger than 0 DEG C, with surrounding powder
And part forms big temperature gradient.When galvanometer drives laser to move on processing plane, wavelength is that the laser of A can
Continuous heating is carried out for the powder before the second beam laser facula, the laser that wavelength is C can be the powder after the second beam laser facula
End carries out continuous heating, can reduce the temperature gradient around molten bath, reduces stress and crackle stomata etc. that inside parts generate
Defect.
Embodiment of the present invention:
Beneficial effects of the present invention are illustrated with an example below.
The diverging light that the optical fiber laser that First power is 500W, central wavelength is 1070nm issues, by expanding standard
After straight mirror, into dynamic focusing system, converged light 1 is formed；The optical fiber that second power is 500W, central wavelength is 1067nm swashs
The light that light device issues, into dynamic focusing system, forms converged light 2 after beam-expanding collimation mirror.Third platform power be 500W,
The light that the optical fiber laser that central wavelength is 1067nm issues, into dynamic focusing system, is formed and is converged after beam-expanding collimation mirror
Optically focused 3.Beat mirror in three galvanometers is in simultaneously high reflectance to three beams of laser, and three beams converged light is reflected through galvanometer system again,
It is incident upon in processing plane.Converged light 1 forms about 1000 μm of diameter of hot spot in processing plane, and energy density is lower, can incite somebody to action
Process the powder heating in plane.Converged light 2 forms the hot spot of diameter about 100um in processing plane, and energy density is high, can
The fusing of the powder in plane will be processed.Converged light 3 reprocess plane on formed diameter be about 1200 μm hot spot, energy density compared with
It is low, slow cooling can be carried out to formed part in processing plane, to reduce the stress of inside parts, reduce inside parts stomata and
Crackle.
Those skilled in the art can understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including skill
Art term and scientific term) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Also
It should be understood that those terms such as defined in the general dictionary should be understood that have in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning and unless defined as here.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not limited to this hair the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Bright, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of increasing material manufacturing method of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling, which is characterized in that the model printed into
Row layering, from the bottom to top prints each layer in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1) carries out powdering to processing plane；
Step 2 simultaneously processes processing plane using first to be parallel to each other to third laser, wherein second laser exists
It processes plane and forms the diameter of hot spot less than first laser, the diameter of third laser formation hot spot in processing plane；First swashs
Light, second laser, third laser processing plane formed hot spot be arranged successively along machine direction, the center of circle is in same straight line
On, and the edge of adjacent spots is tangent；
The temperature that the first laser, third laser form hot spot is less than powder sintered fusion temperature, and second laser forms hot spot
Temperature be greater than powder sintered fusion temperature；
The hot spot that the first laser is formed is preheated for treating molding powder；
The hot spot that the second laser is formed is used to be sintered thawing to the powder after preheated；
Powder after the laser-formed hot spot of third is used to melt sintering carries out slow cooling.
2. the increasing material manufacturing method of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described first
Laser is 1000 μm in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot, and the second laser is in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot
100um, the third laser are 1200 μm in the diameter that processing plane forms hot spot.
3. the increasing material manufacturing equipment of the increasing material manufacturing method based on three laser assisted described in claim 1 preheating slow cooling, special
Sign is, is respectively used to generation first comprising first to third laser generation module, described first to third laser generation module
To third laser；
Described first to third laser generation module include laser, beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focus device and galvanometer；Laser
Device successively forms hot spot in processing plane after beam-expanding collimation mirror, dynamic focus device, galvanometer for generating laser, laser.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811469811.0A CN109465447A (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811469811.0A CN109465447A (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling |
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| CN109465447A true CN109465447A (en) | 2019-03-15 |
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| CN201811469811.0A Pending CN109465447A (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus of three laser assisteds preheating slow cooling |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110064756A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-30 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | A kind of method of selective laser melting (SLM) molding |
| CN110640139A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-03 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Processing method for eliminating stress of powder-spreading type 3D printing workpiece with assistance of laser |
| WO2022000865A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | In-situ energy controlled selective laser melting apparatus and method |
| CN115090899A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-23 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Metal additive manufacturing method based on staged heat treatment |
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| WO2008013483A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Arcam Ab | Method and device for producing three-dimensional objects |
| CN101607311A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2009-12-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method |
| CN104923783A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Method forming high-melting-point high temperature alloy part via multi-laser head multi-laser beam path scanning |
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2018
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008013483A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Arcam Ab | Method and device for producing three-dimensional objects |
| CN101607311A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2009-12-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method |
| CN104923783A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Method forming high-melting-point high temperature alloy part via multi-laser head multi-laser beam path scanning |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110064756A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-30 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | A kind of method of selective laser melting (SLM) molding |
| CN110640139A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-03 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Processing method for eliminating stress of powder-spreading type 3D printing workpiece with assistance of laser |
| CN110640139B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2022-02-08 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Processing method for eliminating stress of powder-spreading type 3D printing workpiece with assistance of laser |
| WO2022000865A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | In-situ energy controlled selective laser melting apparatus and method |
| CN115090899A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-23 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Metal additive manufacturing method based on staged heat treatment |
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