WO2019104508A1 - 图像传感器、芯片、图像处理设备及相关方法 - Google Patents

图像传感器、芯片、图像处理设备及相关方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019104508A1
WO2019104508A1 PCT/CN2017/113488 CN2017113488W WO2019104508A1 WO 2019104508 A1 WO2019104508 A1 WO 2019104508A1 CN 2017113488 W CN2017113488 W CN 2017113488W WO 2019104508 A1 WO2019104508 A1 WO 2019104508A1
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Prior art keywords
pixels
image sensor
partial
pixel array
image data
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PCT/CN2017/113488
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹子晟
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201780013489.8A priority Critical patent/CN108886592A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/113488 priority patent/WO2019104508A1/zh
Publication of WO2019104508A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019104508A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
    • H04N25/78—Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
    • H04N25/57—Control of the dynamic range
    • H04N25/58—Control of the dynamic range involving two or more exposures

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of data processing and, more particularly, to an image sensor, a chip, an image processing device, and related methods.
  • autofocus technology is mainly divided into contrast detection (contrast) autofocus technology and phase detection auto focus (PDAF) technology.
  • Contrast detection Autofocus technology uses autofocus to detect contrast.
  • the specific process is: changing the focal length by driving the motor lens along the axis of the lens, thereby detecting the position of the motor lens when the contrast of the shooting picture is maximum, that is, the accurate focus position, which is also called the focus position.
  • the specific focusing process of contrast detection autofocus technology is as follows: As the motor lens starts to move, the frame of each frame is gradually clear, that is, the contrast starts to rise. When the shooting picture reaches the clearest, that is, the contrast reaches the maximum value, the camera does not know this time. It has reached the best, and will continue to drive the motor lens. The shooting picture begins to blur, that is, the contrast begins to drop.
  • the camera finds that the contrast starts to drop further, knowing that the focus point (ie, the focus) has been missed, and starting to reverse drive the motor lens, In this way, the loop is gradually approaching the focus position, and after the focus position is found, the focusing process is completed.
  • the focus process is completed, when the shutter signal is received, shooting is completed and finally output to the camera's display.
  • it is necessary to move the lens multiple times to find the correct focus position (ie, the focus position), which will take multiple frames of exposure time to achieve focus, resulting in slower focus and affecting the user experience. .
  • the focusing process of the PDAF technology is roughly as follows: some pixel shading points are reserved in the pixel portion of the image sensor, and the phase difference generated by the different left and right optical wave information received by the partially obscuring point pixels is judged at different in-focus positions, so that The current phase difference calculates the focus position and then quickly moves the lens to the focus position.
  • the PDAF technology improves focus speed compared to contrast detection autofocus technology.
  • the PDAF technology is lower than the contrast detection autofocus technology.
  • the accuracy of focusing It can be seen that the existing autofocus technology cannot balance the focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • the present application provides an image sensor, a chip, an image processing device, and related methods, which make it possible to achieve both focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • an image sensor comprising: a pixel array comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, the pixels being light-sensing pixels; a first control circuit, and the pixel array Partially connected to the pixel, the first control circuit is configured to perform multiple exposures on at least a part of the pixels in the moving process of the motor lens; and the first readout circuit is connected to the partial pixel, the first a readout circuit for reading out first image data after each exposure of at least a portion of the pixels of the partial pixels; processing circuitry coupled to the first readout circuitry, the processing circuitry for The plurality of first image data read by the first readout circuit performs contrast analysis to determine a focus position.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application focuses only on the first image data read out after partial pixel exposure in the pixel array during the focusing process. It should be understood that the smaller the data, the faster the data readout speed. Therefore, the readout speed of the first image data is faster than the image data read out after exposure based on the entire pixel array, and accordingly, the subsequent data processing is also faster, so that the focus speed can be improved.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application like the existing contrast detection autofocus technology, realizes autofocus by detecting the contrast of the photographed screen, and can ensure the accuracy of the focus to a certain extent. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application makes it possible to achieve both focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • the image sensor further includes: a second control circuit, connected to all pixels in the pixel array, the second control circuit is configured to The pixels are subjected to at least one exposure, wherein the performing at least one exposure on the pixels includes exposing the pixels at the focus position; and the second readout circuit is coupled to the pixels
  • the first readout circuit is configured to read out second image data after each exposure of the pixels
  • the processing circuit is further connected to the second readout circuit, The processing circuit is further configured to obtain an output image according to the second image data read by the second readout circuit after the pixels are exposed at the focus position.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application achieves focusing by utilizing a part of pixels in the pixel array instead of focusing on the entire pixel array in the existing contrast detection autofocus technology, thereby improving the focusing speed.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application like the existing contrast detection autofocus technology, realizes autofocus by detecting the contrast of the photographed screen, and can ensure the accuracy of the focus to a certain extent. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application makes it possible to achieve both focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • first control circuit and the second control circuit are designed independently of each other, and the first readout circuit and the second readout circuit are designed independently of each other.
  • the connection relationship between the entire pixel array and the second control circuit and the second readout circuit in the image sensor provided by the present application may be similar to the connection relationship between the pixel array and the control circuit and the readout circuit in the existing image sensor. It can even be the same. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application does not add a large design complexity to the existing image sensor.
  • the first control circuit is configured to perform exposure on at least a part of the partial pixels according to a first frame rate, where the second The control circuit is specifically configured to expose the pixels according to a second frame rate, wherein the first frame rate is higher than the second frame rate.
  • the first frame rate is n times the second frame rate, and n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the frame rate of the image data for focusing is higher than the frame rate of the image data for presenting the captured image.
  • the frame rate of image data for focusing is the same as the frame rate of image data for presenting a captured image. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the image sensor provided by the present application can effectively improve the focusing speed. Since the present application still presents the captured image based on the entire pixel array, the image quality of the captured image is not lowered.
  • a chip comprising the image sensor provided by the first aspect.
  • an image processing apparatus comprising the image sensor provided by the first aspect.
  • a method for controlling an image sensor comprising a pixel array, the pixel array comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, the pixels being light sense
  • the method includes: performing multiple exposures on at least a portion of the pixels in the pixel array during movement of the motor lens; reading at least a portion of the pixels in the partial pixels after each exposure First image data; performing contrast analysis on the read plurality of first image data to determine a focus position of the image sensor.
  • the method further includes: performing multiple exposures on all pixels in the pixel array, wherein the performing the plurality of pixels multiple times Exposing includes exposing all of the pixels at the focus position; reading second image data after each exposure of the pixels; reading after exposure of the pixels at the focus position The second image data is output to obtain an output image.
  • the performing the multiple exposures on at least a part of the pixels in the pixel array includes: following the first frame rate, At least a portion of the pixels in the plurality of pixels are subjected to multiple exposures; the plurality of pixels in the pixel array being subjected to multiple exposures, including: performing multiple exposures on all pixels in the pixel array according to a second frame rate, The first frame rate is higher than the second frame rate.
  • the first frame rate is n times the second frame rate, and n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the image focusing process provided by this embodiment, only the first image data read out after partial pixel exposure in the pixel array is used for focusing. It should be understood that the smaller the data, the faster the data readout speed. Therefore, the readout speed of the first image data is faster than the image data read out after exposure based on the entire pixel array, and accordingly, the subsequent data processing is also faster, so that the focus speed can be improved.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application like the existing contrast detection autofocus technology, realizes autofocus by detecting the contrast of the photographed screen, and can ensure the accuracy of the focus to a certain extent. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application makes it possible to achieve both focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic block diagram of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of pixel exposure of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an image processing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is another schematic flowchart of a method for controlling an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the process of capturing images from the camera to presenting a user-visible photographing screen on the display screen is as follows: the camera photographing screen; the camera photographing screen generates an optical image through its lens; the optical image is projected onto the image sensor, and the optical image is converted into an image sensor by the image sensor The electrical signal is converted into a digital signal output through the readout circuit; the digital signal is finally outputted to the display screen of the terminal through digital signal processing (DSP), and becomes a photographing picture that the user can see.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • an optical image is converted from an optical signal into an electrical signal by an image sensor.
  • An image array consisting of light-sensitive pixels is included in the image sensor. These light-sensing pixels can convert optical signals into electrical signals.
  • the basic conversion process of an image sensor for converting an optical image from an optical signal to an electrical signal is as follows: exposing the pixel array in the image sensor, the pixels in the pixel array will generate voltage with different light intensities within a certain exposure time, subsequent The readout circuit converts this voltage into a digital signal output.
  • the exposure time mainly refers to the photosensitive time of the film, and the longer the exposure time, the brighter the photo generated on the film, and the darker the opposite.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an image sensor 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the image sensor 100 includes a pixel array 110, a first control circuit 120, a first readout circuit 130, and a processing circuit 140.
  • the pixel array 110 includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, the pixels being light-sensing pixels.
  • the pixel array is as shown in FIG.
  • the first control circuit 120 is connected to a part of pixels in the pixel array 110, and the first control circuit 120 is configured to perform multiple exposures on at least a part of the pixels in the moving process of the motor lens, wherein the
  • the motor lens can be a lens of at least one of the lenses that can be moved through the lens controlled by the step motor.
  • the first control circuit 120 is connected to each of the partial pixels.
  • the first control circuit 120 is connected to each pixel in the partial pixel, it is not necessarily controlled to expose each pixel in the partial pixel, and in practical applications, flexible control can be performed.
  • the first control circuit 120 is configured to perform multiple exposures for each of the partial pixels during the movement of the motor lens.
  • the first control circuit 120 is configured to perform multiple exposures on a part of the pixels in the partial pixels during the movement of the motor lens.
  • the motor lens will be driven to move along the axis of the lens.
  • first control circuit 120 and the first readout circuit 130 are circuits connected to all of the pixels, which are connected to a part of the pixels, which may be two circuits, may be one circuit, or may be multiple Circuit composition, here is just a classification using functions.
  • the first readout circuit 130 is connected to the partial readout circuit 130, and the first readout circuit 130 is configured to read the first image data after each exposure of at least a part of the pixels in the partial pixels.
  • the first readout circuit 130 is connected to each of the partial pixels.
  • the first image data is read by the first readout circuit 130 after all the pixels in the partial pixels are exposed. Out of the image data.
  • the first image data is read by the first readout circuit 130 after a part of the pixels in the partial pixels are exposed. Image data.
  • the processing circuit 140 is connected to the first readout circuit 130, and the processing circuit 140 is configured to perform contrast analysis on the plurality of first image data read by the first readout circuit 130 to determine a focus position.
  • processing circuit 140 is also coupled to a drive circuit for driving the motor lens.
  • the process of determining the focus position by the processing circuit 140 is as follows: as the motor lens starts to move, the processing circuit 140 detects that the contrast of each frame captured by the first readout circuit 130 starts to rise, that is, the captured image gradually becomes clear. In this process, the processing circuit 140 can instruct the driving circuit to continue to drive the motor lens movement along the original direction; when the processing circuit 140 detects that the contrast of each frame of the captured image read by the first reading circuit 130 begins to decrease, that is, the shooting screen When gradually blurred, the processing circuit 140 can instruct the driving circuit to start in the opposite direction (relative to a moment on the motor lens) In terms of moving direction, the driving motor lens moves, and then continues to detect the contrast of each frame of the image read by the first reading circuit 130.
  • the motor lens is driven in the opposite direction, so that the motor lens can be continuously circulated. Gradually close to the focus position.
  • the time threshold or the lens shift threshold can be set when the contrast begins to drop. For example, if the contrast is always falling within a time threshold or a lens shift threshold, the processing circuit 140 can instruct the driving circuit to start driving the motor lens in the opposite direction. If the contrast first drops and then rises, the processing circuit 140 can drive the motor lens according to the The original direction continues to move to find a better focus position, which is not limited here.
  • the focus position is a position of the motor lens corresponding to a first image data of which the contrast is optimal among the plurality of first image data.
  • the image focusing process provided by this embodiment, only the first image data read out after partial pixel exposure in the pixel array is used for focusing. It should be understood that the smaller the number of pixels read by the first readout circuit 130, the less the data, and the less time the data read speed is, the less time is consumed. Therefore, the readout speed of the first image data is faster than the image data read out after exposure based on the entire pixel array, and accordingly, the subsequent data processing is also faster, so that the focus speed can be improved.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application like the existing contrast detection autofocus technology, realizes autofocus by detecting the contrast of the photographed screen, and can ensure the accuracy of the focus to a certain extent. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application makes it possible to achieve both focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • the entire pixel array is also in normal exposure operation, and the image data read out after exposure is used to present the image to the user. image.
  • the image sensor 100 further includes a second control circuit 150 and a second readout circuit 160.
  • the second control circuit 150 is connected to all the pixels in the pixel array 110, and the second control circuit 150 is configured to perform at least one exposure on all the pixels, wherein the at least one exposure of the pixels is included in the The focal position exposes all of the pixels.
  • the second control circuit 150 is connected to each pixel in the pixel array 110.
  • the second control circuit 150 performs at least one exposure on all pixels in the pixel array 110, meaning that the second control circuit 150 exposes the pixel array 110 when the motor lens is in the focus position.
  • the second control circuit 150 performs at least one exposure on all the pixels in the pixel array 110, that is, the second control circuit 150 performs multiple exposures on the pixel array 110 during the movement of the motor lens, and the multiple times The exposure process includes exposure of the second control circuit 150 to the pixel array 110 when the motor lens is in the focus position.
  • the second readout circuit 160 is connected to all the pixels, and the first readout circuit 160 is configured to read the second image data after each exposure of all the pixels.
  • the second readout circuit 160 is connected to each pixel in the pixel array 110.
  • the second readout circuit 160 reads the second image data once for each exposure of the pixel array 110.
  • the second image data read by the second readout circuit 160 can be finally presented on the display screen of the terminal device by the DSP for the user to preview or the final photo.
  • the processing circuit 140 is further connected to the second readout circuit 160.
  • the processing circuit 140 is further configured to: according to the second readout circuit, the second image read after the all pixels are exposed at the focus position Data, get the output image.
  • the processing circuit 140 is configured to output the image data read out at the focus position in the plurality of second image data read out by the second readout circuit 160, for example, displayed on a display screen for the user to browse. Or output image data read out including the exposure at the focus position to form a final image.
  • the final shooting picture is obtained when the shutter is pressed.
  • the shutter is pressed when the screen is clear, that is, the shutter is pressed after the focus is over.
  • the second control circuit 160 is configured to expose all the pixels at the focus position when the shutter signal is received.
  • the processing circuit 140 is further configured to obtain the output image according to the second image data read by the second readout circuit 160 after the exposure of all the pixels based on the shutter signal, when the shutter signal is received.
  • the second control circuit 150 and the second readout circuit 160 are circuits connected to all the pixels, which may be two circuits, or may be one circuit, or may be composed of multiple circuits, and only use functions. The classification.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application can achieve focusing by utilizing a part of pixels in the pixel array, thereby improving the focusing speed.
  • autofocus is achieved by detecting the contrast of the captured image.
  • the accuracy of the focus can be guaranteed to a certain extent. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application makes it possible to achieve both focus speed and focus accuracy.
  • first control circuit and the second control circuit are designed independently of each other, and the first readout circuit and the second readout circuit are designed independently of each other.
  • the connection relationship between the entire pixel array and the second control circuit and the second readout circuit in the image sensor provided by the present application may be similar to the connection relationship between the pixel array and the control circuit and the readout circuit in the existing image sensor. It can even be the same. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application does not add a large design complexity to the existing image sensor.
  • the first control circuit 120 is configured to perform exposure on at least a portion of the pixels in the first frame rate, where the second control circuit 150 is specifically configured to follow The two frame rates are exposed to all of the pixels, wherein the first frame rate is higher than the second frame rate.
  • the frame rate of the first image data read by the first readout circuit is higher than the frame rate of the second image data read by the second readout circuit.
  • the frame rate of the image data for focusing is higher than the frame rate of the image data for presenting the captured image.
  • the frame rate of image data for focusing is the same as the frame rate of image data for presenting a captured image. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the image sensor provided by the present application can effectively improve the focusing speed. Since the present application still presents the captured image based on the entire pixel array, the image quality of the captured image is not lowered.
  • the first frame rate is n times the second frame rate, and n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the frame data corresponding to the first image data is recorded as an automatic focus (AF) frame
  • the frame data corresponding to the second image data is recorded as a normal frame.
  • the reading speed of the AF frame and the normal frame is as shown in FIG.
  • M M' / n
  • n is a positive integer. That is, the AF frame is read at a speed n times with respect to the normal frame.
  • the processing circuit 140 determines the focus position by performing contrast analysis on the AF frame.
  • the read speed of the AF frame is n times the reading speed of the normal frame, so that the focus speed can be improved by n times compared with the conventional contrast detection autofocus technology.
  • the exposure node of the normal frame and the AF frame coincide, which improves the utilization of the pixel array.
  • the frame rate of the AF frame is n times the frame rate of the normal frame, therefore, the pair thereof The exposure time of the pixel should be relatively short, but the peripheral pixel value and frame rate can be used for compensation calculation in the later stage to achieve the minimum image quality.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary diagram of an image sensor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the image sensor includes a pixel array (Pixel Array), and the pixel array includes pixels arranged in a rectangular array. Some of the pixels in the pixel array act as autofocus pixels. These autofocus pixels are connected to the autofocus line control circuit and to the autofocus column readout circuitry. During the movement of the motor lens, the autofocus line control circuit is used to control the autofocus pixels for multiple exposures; the autofocus column readout circuit is used to read the corresponding first image data after the autofocus pixels are exposed. Each pixel in the entire pixel array is connected to a normal exposure line control circuit and also to a normal exposure column readout circuit.
  • the normal exposure line control circuit is configured to control the pixel array to perform multiple exposures during the movement of the motor lens, and control the pixel array to perform exposure when the shutter signal is received; the normal exposure column readout circuit is used after the pixel array is exposed The corresponding second image data is read out.
  • the auto focus line control circuit and the normal exposure line control circuit are designed independently of each other, and the auto focus column readout circuit and the normal exposure column readout circuit are designed independently of each other.
  • the pixel array in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the pixel array 110 in the above embodiment
  • the auto-focus pixel in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to a part of the pixels in the above embodiment, and is implemented in FIG.
  • the autofocus row control circuit in the example corresponds to the first control circuit in the above embodiment
  • the autofocus column readout circuit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the first readout circuit in the above embodiment
  • the normal exposure line control circuit in the illustrated embodiment corresponds to the second control circuit in the above embodiment
  • the normal exposure column readout circuit in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 corresponds to the second readout circuit in the above embodiment.
  • the image sensor shown in FIG. 4 further includes a processing circuit (not shown in FIG. 4) that is coupled to the auto-focus column readout circuit and the normal exposure column readout circuit.
  • the processing circuit is configured to perform focusing according to the first image data read by the auto-focus column readout circuit to determine a focus position, so that the motor lens reaches the focus position.
  • the processing circuit is further configured to obtain an output image according to the second image data read by the normal exposure column readout circuit when the shutter signal is received. For example, a shooting picture is presented on the display of the device.
  • the image sensor provided by the present application only needs to select a part of pixels from the pixel array and connect the partial pixels to the independent control circuit and the readout circuit for the image sensor. No changes have been made. Therefore, the image sensor provided by the present application has a low design complexity.
  • FIG. 4 is merely an example and not a limitation.
  • the layout manner of the partial pixels for autofocus in the present application includes, but is not limited to, the layout manner of the AF pixels shown in FIG. In practical applications, some of the pixels used for autofocusing may be randomly distributed, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the partial pixels include pixels distributed in different rows or different columns of the pixel array.
  • the partial pixels are taken as an example of the auto-focus pixels shown in FIG. 4 , and among the auto-focus pixels, some pixels have different rows, and some pixels have different columns.
  • the location of the portion of pixels in the array of pixels is preset.
  • the portion of pixels has been selected from the pixel array prior to molding of the pixel array.
  • the connection relationship between the partial pixels and the first control circuit and the first readout circuit has also been determined.
  • the first control circuit and the first readout circuit are connected to each of the pixels in the portion of the pixels, not every pixel in the portion of the pixels is exposed.
  • the first control circuit 120 is specifically configured to perform multiple exposures for each of the partial pixels during movement of the motor lens.
  • the first control circuit 120 is configured to perform, according to the preset information, at least a part of the pixels in the part of the pixels during the movement of the motor lens, the preset information. A distribution location of the at least a portion of the pixels in the portion of pixels is indicated.
  • the preset information may be information pre-configured into the image sensor.
  • the preset information indicates a part of the pixels in the partial layout distributed in the first layout.
  • the preset information indicates a part of the pixels in the partial layout in the second layout.
  • the image sensor provided in this embodiment can further improve the focusing speed.
  • the distribution locations of the at least one portion of the pixels in the partial pixels are different in different focus scenes.
  • the distribution positions of the at least one portion of the pixels in the partial pixels corresponding to the different exposure processes in the same focus scene are not completely the same.
  • the first control circuit can appropriately change the pixels to be exposed during the process of controlling the partial pixels for exposure.
  • the rate of change of contrast is large, less pixels of some pixels are selected for exposure, and when the rate of change of contrast is small, some pixels are selected. Multiple pixels are exposed.
  • the user selects the position of the shooting focus (distinguished from the focus in the focus process) when taking the photo, a part of the pixels are selected for exposure in the vicinity of the position on the pixel array corresponding to the shooting focus.
  • the image sensor provided by the embodiment can improve the focusing speed while improving the focusing flexibility.
  • the image sensor provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a chip 500, which includes an image sensor 510, which corresponds to the image sensor provided by the above device embodiment.
  • the image sensor provided by the above device embodiment can be inherited on the chip.
  • the chip 500 may further include a processor 520 for processing the image data output by the image sensor 510 into a captured image that can be presented on a display screen.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an image processing device 600.
  • the image processing device 600 includes a processor 610, a display screen 620, and an image sensor 630.
  • the image sensor 630 corresponds to the image sensor provided by the device embodiment.
  • the processor 610 is configured to process the image data output by the image sensor 630 into a captured image that can be presented on the display screen 630.
  • the image processing device 600 may be a terminal.
  • the terminal may be a terminal device integrated with a camera and a display, including but not limited to a smartphone, a tablet, a palmtop, a camera, and the like.
  • the camera in the terminal is used for realizing the photographing and photographing functions
  • the display screen is used for realizing the preview function of the photographing screen, that is, real-time display of the current income of the camera for previewing, thereby achieving the effect of the viewfinder. .
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for controlling an image sensor, where the image sensor includes a pixel array, and the pixel array includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the method includes:
  • S730 Perform contrast analysis on the read plurality of first image data to determine a focus position of the image sensor.
  • the method further includes:
  • An output image is obtained based on the second image data read after the exposure of all the pixels at the focus position.
  • performing multiple exposures on all pixels in the pixel array includes: exposing all the pixels at the focus position when receiving the shutter signal;
  • Obtaining an output image according to the second image data read after the all pixels are exposed at the focus position comprising: after receiving the shutter signal, according to the exposure of the pixels based on the shutter signal
  • the read second image data obtains the output image.
  • the method specifically includes:
  • performing multiple exposures on all pixels in the pixel array according to a second frame rate, wherein the first frame rate is higher than the second frame rate, and performing multiple exposures on the pixels includes: Positioning all pixels for exposure;
  • the first frame rate is n times the second frame rate, and n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the partial pixels include pixels distributed in different rows or different columns of the pixel array.
  • the location of the portion of pixels in the array of pixels is preset.
  • performing the multiple exposures on at least a portion of the pixels of the partial pixels includes: performing multiple exposures on the partial pixels.
  • performing the multiple exposures on the at least one of the partial pixels includes: performing multiple exposures on the at least one of the partial pixels according to the preset information, the preset information A distribution location of the at least a portion of the pixels in the portion of pixels is indicated.
  • the distribution locations of the at least one portion of the pixels in the partial pixels are different in different focus scenes.
  • the distribution positions of the at least one portion of the pixels in the partial pixels corresponding to the different exposure processes in the same focus scene are not completely the same.
  • the focus position is a location of the motor lens corresponding to a first image data of which the contrast is optimal in the plurality of first image data.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server or data center via wired (eg coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)).
  • a magnetic medium for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium such as a digital video disc (DVD)
  • a semiconductor medium such as a solid state disk (SSD)
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

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Abstract

提供了一种图像传感器、芯片、图像处理设备及相关方法，该图像传感器包括：像素阵列，包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素；第一控制电路，与该像素阵列中的部分像素连接，该第一控制电路用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；第一读出电路，与该部分像素连接，该第一读出电路用于，在该部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；处理电路，与该第一读出电路连接，该处理电路用于，对该第一读出电路读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定合焦位置。相对于基于整个像素阵列曝光后所读出的图像数据，该第一图像数据的读出速度较快，相应使得后续数据处理也越快，从而可以提高对焦速度。

Description

图像传感器、芯片、图像处理设备及相关方法
版权申明
本专利文件披露的内容包含受版权保护的材料。该版权为版权所有人所有。版权所有人不反对任何人复制专利与商标局的官方记录和档案中所存在的该专利文件或者该专利披露。
技术领域
本申请涉及数据处理领域，并且更为具体地，涉及一种图像传感器、芯片、图像处理设备及相关方法。
背景技术
当前，自动对焦技术主要分为对比检测(反差式)自动对焦技术和相位检测自动对焦(phase detection auto focus，PDAF)技术。
对比检测自动对焦技术是通过对比度的检测来实现自动对焦的。具体过程为：通过驱动马达镜头沿着镜头的轴线改变焦距，从而检测出拍摄画面对比度最大时的马达镜头位置，即准确的对焦位置，也称为合焦位置。对比检测自动对焦技术的具体对焦过程如下：随着马达镜头开始移动，每帧拍摄画面逐渐清晰，即对比度开始上升，当拍摄画面达到最清晰，即对比度达到最大值时，相机并不知道此时已达到最佳，还会继续驱动马达镜头，拍摄画面开始逐渐模糊，即对比度开始下降，当相机发现对比度开始进一步下降时，知道已经错过对焦点(即合焦点)，开始反向驱动马达镜头，这样不断循环逐渐接近合焦位置，找到合焦位置后，对焦过程完成。对焦过程完成后，在接收到快门信号时，完成拍摄，并最终输出至相机的显示屏上。在对比检测自动对焦技术的对焦过程中，需要多次移动镜头来寻找正确的对焦位置(即合焦位置)，这样会需要花费多帧曝光时间来实现对焦，导致对焦速度较慢，影响用户体验。
PDAF技术的对焦过程大致如下：在图像传感器的像素部分预留一些像素遮蔽点，利用部分遮蔽点像素接受到的左右不同的光波信息产生的相位差，在不同的对焦位置进行判断，从而可以根据当前相位差计算出合焦位置，然后快速移动镜头到达合焦位置。PDAF技术相对于对比检测自动对焦技术，可以提高对焦速度。但是，PDAF技术相比于对比检测自动对焦技术，降低 了对焦的精准度。由此可见，现有的自动对焦技术无法兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度。
随着智能终端的发展，用户在使用智能终端的拍照功能或摄像功能时，对对焦速度与对焦精准度的要求越来越高，因此，亟需提供一种可以更加能够满足用户需求的自动对焦技术。
发明内容
本申请提供一种图像传感器、芯片、图像处理设备及相关方法，使得兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度成为可能。
第一方面，提供一种图像传感器，所述图像传感器包括：像素阵列，包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素，所述像素为光感应像素；第一控制电路，与所述像素阵列中的部分像素连接，所述第一控制电路用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；第一读出电路，与所述部分像素连接，所述第一读出电路用于，在所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；处理电路，与所述第一读出电路连接，所述处理电路用于，对所述第一读出电路读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定合焦位置。
本申请提供的图像传感器在对焦过程中，仅利用像素阵列中部分像素曝光后所读出的第一图像数据进行对焦。应理解，数据越小，数据读出速度越快。因此，相对于基于整个像素阵列曝光后所读出的图像数据，该第一图像数据的读出速度较快，相应使得后续数据处理也越快，从而可以提高对焦速度。此外，本申请提供的图像传感器与现有的对比检测自动对焦技术一样，是通过拍摄画面的对比度的检测来实现自动对焦的，可以在一定程度上保证对焦的精准度。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器使得兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度成为可能。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述图像传感器还包括：第二控制电路，与所述像素阵列中所有像素连接，所述第二控制电路用于，对所述所有像素进行至少一次曝光，其中，所述对所述所有像素进行至少一次曝光包括，在所述合焦位置对所述所有像素进行曝光；第二读出电路，与所述所有像素连接，所述第一读出电路用于，在所述所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据；所述处理电路，还与所述第二读出电路连接，所 述处理电路还用于，根据所述第二读出电路在所述所有像素在所述合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
本申请提供的图像传感器通过利用像素阵列中的部分像素实现对焦，而非像现有的对比检测自动对焦技术中利用整个像素阵列实现对焦，从而可以提高对焦速度。此外，本申请提供的图像传感器与现有的对比检测自动对焦技术一样，是通过拍摄画面的对比度的检测来实现自动对焦的，可以在一定程度上保证对焦的精准度。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器使得兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度成为可能。
需要说明的是，第一控制电路与第二控制电路彼此独立设计，第一读出电路与第二读出电路彼此独立设计。本申请提供的图像传感器中的整个像素阵列与第二控制电路以及第二读出电路的连接关系，与现有的图像传感器中像素阵列与控制电路以及读出电路的连接关系，可以是类似的，甚至可以是相同的。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器相对于现有的图像传感器，并没有增加较大的设计复杂度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一控制电路具体用于，按照第一帧率对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行曝光，所述第二控制电路具体用于，按照第二帧率对所述所有像素进行曝光，其中，所述第一帧率高于所述第二帧率。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一帧率为所述第二帧率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
在本申请提供的图像传感器中，用于对焦的图像数据的帧率高于用于呈现拍摄图像的图像数据的帧率。在现有的对比检测自动对焦技术中，用于对焦的图像数据的帧率与用于呈现拍摄图像的图像数据的帧率相同。因此，相对于现有技术，本申请提供的图像传感器可以有效提高对焦速度。由于本申请依然是基于整个像素阵列来呈现拍摄画面，因此，并不会降低拍摄画面的画质。
第二方面，提供一种芯片，所述芯片包括第一方面提供的图像传感器。
第三方面，提供一种图像处理设备，所述图像处理设备包括第一方面提供的图像传感器。
第四方面，提供一种用于控制图像传感器的方法，所述图像传感器包括像素阵列，所述像素阵列包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素，所述像素为光感 应像素，所述方法包括：在马达镜头移动过程中，对所述像素阵列中的部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；在所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；对所述读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定所述图像传感器的合焦位置。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，其中，所述对所述所有像素进行多次曝光包括，在所述合焦位置对所述所有像素进行曝光；在所述所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据；根据在所述所有像素在所述合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述对所述像素阵列中的部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：按照第一帧率，对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；所述对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，包括：按照第二帧率，对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，其中，所述第一帧率高于所述第二帧率。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一帧率为所述第二帧率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
本实施例提供的图像传感器在对焦过程中，仅利用像素阵列中部分像素曝光后所读出的第一图像数据进行对焦。应理解，数据越小，数据读出速度越快。因此，相对于基于整个像素阵列曝光后所读出的图像数据，该第一图像数据的读出速度较快，相应使得后续数据处理也越快，从而可以提高对焦速度。此外，本申请提供的图像传感器与现有的对比检测自动对焦技术一样，是通过拍摄画面的对比度的检测来实现自动对焦的，可以在一定程度上保证对焦的精准度。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器使得兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度成为可能。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的图像传感器的示意性框图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的图像传感器的另一示意性框图。
图3为本申请实施例中图像传感器进行像素曝光的示意图。
图4为本申请实施例提供的图像传感器的示例图。
图5为本申请实施例提供的芯片的示意性框图。
图6为本申请实施例提供的图像处理设备的示意性框图。
图7为本申请实施例提供的用于控制图像传感器的方法的示意性流程图。
图8为本申请实施例提供的用于控制图像传感器的方法的另一示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解，先对照相机或摄像机拍摄成像的原理进行简单介绍。
从摄像头采集图像到显示屏上呈现用户可见的拍摄画面的过程如下：摄像头拍摄画面；摄像头拍摄的画面通过其镜头生成光学图像；光学图像被投射到图像传感器上，光学图像通过图像传感器被转换成电信号；电信号通过读出电路被转换为数字信号输出；数字信号经过数字信号处理(digital signal processing，DSP)最终输出至终端的显示屏上，成为用户能够看见的拍摄画面。
在上述过程中，通过图像传感器将光学图像从光信号转换成电信号。图像传感器中包括由光感应像素组成的像素阵列。这些光感应像素可以将光信号转换成电信号。图像传感器将光学图像从光信号转换成电信号的基本转换过程如下：对图像传感器中的像素阵列进行曝光，在一定的曝光时间内，像素阵列中的像素会随不同光强度产生电压，后续的读出电路将此电压转换成数字信号输出。其中，曝光时间主要是指底片的感光时间，曝光时间越长底片上生成的相片越亮，相反越暗。
图1为本申请实施例提供的图像传感器100的示意性框图，图像传感器100包括像素阵列110、第一控制电路120、第一读出电路130与处理电路140。
像素阵列110，包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素，该像素为光感应像素。
具体地，如图3所示的像素阵列。
第一控制电路120，与该像素阵列110中的部分像素连接，该第一控制电路120用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，其中，所述马达镜头可以为通过步径马达控制的镜头中至少一个可以移动的镜片的镜头。
具体地，第一控制电路120与该部分像素中的每个像素连接。
需要说明的是，虽然第一控制电路120与该部分像素中的每个像素连接，但是，并不一定控制该部分像素中的每个像素都曝光，实际应用中，可以进行灵活控制。
可选地，第一控制电路120用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对该部分像素中的每个像素进行多次曝光。
可选地，第一控制电路120用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对该部分像素中的一部分像素进行多次曝光。
应理解，在对焦过程中，马达镜头会被驱动着一直在沿着镜头的轴线上移动。
应理解，第一控制电路120和第一读出电路130为除本身与全部像素连接的电路，其与部分像素相连，其可以是两个电路，也可以是一个电路，也可以分别为多个电路组成，这里只是使用功能进行了分类。
第一读出电路130，与该部分像素连接，该第一读出电路130用于，在该部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据。
具体地，第一读出电路130与该部分像素中的每个像素连接。
可选地，在第一控制电路120对该部分像素中的每个像素进行多次曝光的情况下，第一图像数据是第一读出电路130在该部分像素中的全部像素曝光后所读出的图像数据。
可选地，在第一控制电路120对该部分像素中的一部分像素进行多次曝光的情况下，第一图像数据是第一读出电路130在该部分像素中的一部分像素曝光后所读出的图像数据。
处理电路140，与该第一读出电路130连接，该处理电路140用于，对该第一读出电路130读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定合焦位置。
应理解，处理电路140还与用于驱动马达镜头的驱动电路连接。
具体地，处理电路140确定合焦位置的过程如下：随着马达镜头开始移动，处理电路140检测到第一读出电路130读出的每帧拍摄画面的对比度开始上升，即拍摄画面逐渐清晰，在这个过程中，处理电路140可以指示该驱动电路继续沿着原方向驱动马达镜头移动；当处理电路140检测到第一读出电路130读出的每帧拍摄画面的对比度开始下降，即拍摄画面逐渐模糊时，处理电路140可以指示该驱动电路开始反方向(相对于马达镜头上一时刻的 移动方向而言)驱动马达镜头移动，然后继续检测第一读出电路130读出的每帧拍摄画面的对比度，只要检测到对比度开始下降，就反方向驱动马达镜头，这样不断循环可以使得马达镜头逐渐接近合焦位置。当然，可以在对比度开始下降的时候设置时间阈值或者镜头位移阈值。例如，若是在一个时间阈值或者镜头位移阈值内，对比度一直下降，则处理电路140可以指示该驱动电路开始反方向驱动马达镜头移动，若是对比度先下降后上升，则处理电路140可以驱动马达镜头按照原方向继续移动，以寻找更好的合焦位置，这里对此不作限定。
该合焦位置为该多个第一图像数据中对比度最优的一个第一图像数据所对应的该马达镜头所在的位置。
本实施例提供的图像传感器在对焦过程中，仅利用像素阵列中部分像素曝光后所读出的第一图像数据进行对焦。应理解，第一读出电路130读出的像素点越少，数据就越少，数据读出速度一定的情况下，消耗的时间就越少。因此，相对于基于整个像素阵列曝光后所读出的图像数据，该第一图像数据的读出速度较快，相应使得后续数据处理也越快，从而可以提高对焦速度。此外，本申请提供的图像传感器与现有的对比检测自动对焦技术一样，是通过拍摄画面的对比度的检测来实现自动对焦的，可以在一定程度上保证对焦的精准度。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器使得兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度成为可能。
需要说明的是，在部分像素在第一控制电路120的控制下进行曝光以用于自动对焦的同时，整个像素阵列也在正常曝光运行，其曝光后读出的图像数据用于向用户呈现拍摄图像。
如图2所示，该图像传感器100还包括第二控制电路150与第二读出电路160。
第二控制电路150，与该像素阵列110中所有像素连接，该第二控制电路150用于，对该所有像素进行至少一次曝光，其中，该对该所有像素进行至少一次曝光包括，在该合焦位置对该所有像素进行曝光。
具体地，第二控制电路150与像素阵列110中的每个像素连接。
可选地，第二控制电路150对像素阵列110中的所有像素进行至少一次曝光，指的是，第二控制电路150在马达镜头位于合焦位置时对像素阵列110进行曝光。
可选地，第二控制电路150对像素阵列110中的所有像素进行至少一次曝光，指的是，第二控制电路150在马达镜头移动过程中对像素阵列110进行多次曝光，且这多次曝光过程包括第二控制电路150在马达镜头位于合焦位置时对像素阵列110的曝光。
第二读出电路160，与该所有像素连接，该第一读出电路160用于，在该所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据。
具体地，第二读出电路160与像素阵列110中的每个像素连接。
像素阵列110每曝光一次，第二读出电路160对应读出一次第二图像数据。
例如，第二读出电路160每次读出的第二图像数据，可以通过DSP后最终呈现在终端设备的显示屏上供用户预览或者最终的照片。
该处理电路140，还与该第二读出电路160连接，该处理电路140还用于，根据该第二读出电路在该所有像素在该合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
具体地，处理电路140用于将第二读出电路160读出的多个第二图像数据中的在合焦位置处曝光所读出的图像数据输出，例如，呈现在显示屏上供用户浏览，或者将包含合焦位置处的曝光所读出的图像数据输出，形成最终的图像。
应理解，用户在使用照相机或其他摄像设备时，当按下快门时会得到最终的拍摄画面。通常用户在对焦完成后，例如摄像预览窗口内看到画面清晰的时候会按下快门，即在对焦结束后按下快门。
具体地，在本实施例中，该第二控制电路160用于，在接收到快门信号时，在该合焦位置对该所有像素进行曝光。
该处理电路140具体还用于，在接收到该快门信号时，根据该第二读出电路160在该所有像素基于该快门信号进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得该输出图像。
应理解，第二控制电路150和第二读出电路160为与全部像素连接的电路，其可以是两个电路，也可以是一个电路，也可以分别为多个电路组成，这里只是使用功能进行了分类。
本申请提供的图像传感器通过利用像素阵列中的部分像素实现对焦，从而可以提高对焦速度。此外，通过拍摄画面的对比度的检测来实现自动对焦， 可以在一定程度上保证对焦的精准度。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器使得兼顾对焦速度与对焦精准度成为可能。
需要说明的是，第一控制电路与第二控制电路彼此独立设计，第一读出电路与第二读出电路彼此独立设计。本申请提供的图像传感器中的整个像素阵列与第二控制电路以及第二读出电路的连接关系，与现有的图像传感器中像素阵列与控制电路以及读出电路的连接关系，可以是类似的，甚至可以是相同的。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器相对于现有的图像传感器，并没有增加较大的设计复杂度。
可选地，在某些实施例中，该第一控制电路120具体用于，按照第一帧率对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行曝光，该第二控制电路150具体用于，按照第二帧率对该所有像素进行曝光，其中，该第一帧率高于该第二帧率。
具体地，第一读出电路读出的第一图像数据的帧率高于第二读出电路读出的第二图像数据的帧率。换句话说，用于对焦的图像数据的帧率高于用于呈现拍摄图像的图像数据的帧率。在现有的对比检测自动对焦技术中，用于对焦的图像数据的帧率与用于呈现拍摄图像的图像数据的帧率相同。因此，相对于现有技术，本申请提供的图像传感器可以有效提高对焦速度。由于本申请依然是基于整个像素阵列来呈现拍摄画面，因此，并不会降低拍摄画面的画质。
可选地，作为一个示例，该第一帧率为该第二帧率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
将第一图像数据对应的帧数据记为自动对焦(automatic focus，AF)帧，将第二图像数据对应的帧数据记为正常帧。AF帧与正常帧的读取速度如图3所示。一个AF帧的读取时间是T1，T1＝1/M’秒，一个正常帧的读取时间为T2，T2＝1/M，M＝M’/n，n为正整数。即AF帧相对于正常帧，以n倍的速度进行读取。
在本实施例中，处理电路140通过对AF帧进行对比度分析，确定合焦位置。AF帧的读取速度为正常帧的读取速度的n倍，从而使得对焦速度相比于传统的对比检测自动对焦技术可以提升n倍。此外，从图3可知，正常帧的曝光节点和AF帧重合，提高了像素阵列的利用率。
在本实施例中，由于AF帧的帧率为正常帧的帧率的n倍，因此，其对 应像素的曝光时间相对较短，但是后期可以利用周边像素数值与帧率进行补偿计算，以达到最小的画质影响。
图4示出本申请实施例提供的图像传感器的示例图。该图像传感器包括像素阵列(Pixel Array)，像素阵列包括按照矩形阵列排布的像素。像素阵列中的部分像素作为自动对焦像素。这些自动对焦像素与自动对焦行控制电路连接，还与自动对焦列读出电路连接。在马达镜头移动的过程中，自动对焦行控制电路用于控制这些自动对焦像素进行多次曝光；自动对焦列读出电路用于在这些自动对焦像素曝光后读出相应的第一图像数据。整个像素阵列中的每个像素与正常曝光行控制电路连接，还与正常曝光列读出电路连接。正常曝光行控制电路用于，在马达镜头移动的过程中控制像素阵列进行多次曝光，以及在接收到快门信号时，控制像素阵列进行曝光；正常曝光列读出电路用于在像素阵列曝光后读出相应的第二图像数据。
需要说明的是，自动对焦行控制电路与正常曝光行控制电路彼此独立设计，自动对焦列读出电路与正常曝光列读出电路彼此独立设计。
应理解，图4所示实施例中的像素阵列对应于上述实施例中的像素阵列110，图4所示实施例中的自动对焦像素对应于上述实施例中的部分像素，图4所示实施例中的自动对焦行控制电路对应于上述实施例中的第一控制电路，图4所示实施例中的自动对焦列读出电路对应于上述实施例中的第一读出电路，图4所示实施例中的正常曝光行控制电路对应于上述实施例中的第二控制电路，图4所示实施例中的正常曝光列读出电路对应于上述实施例中的第二读出电路。
图4所示的图像传感器还包括处理电路(图4中未示出)，该处理电路与自动对焦列读出电路以及正常曝光列读出电路连接。具体地，该处理电路用于，根据自动对焦列读出电路读出的第一图像数据进行对焦，确定合焦位置，使得马达镜头到达合焦位置。该处理电路还用于，在接收到快门信号时，根据正常曝光列读出电路读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。例如，在设备的显示屏上呈现拍摄画面。
从图4可知，本申请提供的图像传感器相对于传统的图像传感器，只需从像素阵列中挑选部分像素，并将该部分像素与独立的控制电路与读出电路连接，对于该部分像素本身并没有做任何改动。因此，本申请提供的图像传感器的设计复杂度较低。
应理解，图4仅为示例而非限定。本申请中用于自动对焦的部分像素的布局方式包括但不限定于图4中所示的AF像素的布局方式。实际应用中，用于自动对焦的部分像素可以随机分布，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地，在某些实施例中，该部分像素中包括分布于该像素阵列的不同行或不同列的像素。
具体地，以该部分像素为图4中所示的自动对焦像素为例，在这些自动对焦像素中，有些像素不同行，有些像素不同列。
可选地，在某些实施例中，在该像素阵列中该部分像素的位置是预设的。
具体地，在该像素阵列成型之前，该部分像素已经从像素阵列中被挑选出来。相应地，该部分像素与第一控制电路以及第一读出电路的连接关系也已经确定。
上文已述，虽然第一控制电路以及第一读出电路与该部分像素中的每个像素都连接，但并非该部分像素中的每个像素都要进行曝光。
可选地，在某些实施例中，该第一控制电路120具体用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对该部分像素中的每个像素进行多次曝光。
可选地，在某些实施例中，该第一控制电路120具体用于，根据预设信息，在马达镜头移动过程中对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，该预设信息指示在该部分像素中该至少一部分像素的分布位置。
具体地，该预设信息可以是预先配置到图像传感器中的信息。例如，针对于应用场景1，该预设信息指示该部分像素中呈第一布局分布的一部分像素，针对应用场景2，该预设信息指示该部分像素中呈第二布局分布的一部分像素。
本实施例提供的图像传感器，可以进一步地提高对焦速度。
可选地，在某些实施例中，在不同合焦场景下，在该部分像素中该至少一部分像素的分布位置不同。
可选地，在某些实施例中，同一合焦场景下的不同次曝光过程所对应的在该部分像素中该至少一部分像素的分布位置不完全相同。
具体地，在一次对焦任务中，随着马达镜头的移动，第一控制电路在控制该部分像素进行曝光的过程中，可以适当地更改要进行曝光的像素。
例如，在不同的对焦时刻，当对比度的变化速率较大时，选取部分像素中较少的像素点进行曝光，当对比度的变化速率较小时，选取部分像素中较 多的像素点进行曝光。再例如，当用户在拍摄照片时选取了拍摄焦点(区别于对焦过程中的焦点)的位置，则在该拍摄焦点对应到像素阵列上的位置附近选取部分像素进行曝光。
本实施例提供的图像传感器，在可以提高对焦速度的同时，还可以提高对焦的灵活性。
可选地，本申请实施例提供的该图像传感器可以为互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor，CMOS)图像传感器。
如图5所示，本申请实施例还提供一种芯片500，该芯片包括图像传感器510，该图像传感器510对应于上述装置实施例提供的图像传感器。
具体地，上述装置实施例提供的图像传感器可以继承在芯片上。
可选地，该芯片500还可以包括处理器520，该处理器520用于将该图像传感器510输出的图像数据处理为可以呈现在显示屏上的拍摄画面。
如图6所示，本申请实施例还提供一种图像处理设备600，图像处理设备600包括处理器610、显示屏620与图像传感器630，该图像传感器630对应于上述装置实施例提供的图像传感器。处理器610用于将图像传感器630输出的图像数据处理为可以呈现在显示屏630上的拍摄画面。
可选地，该图像处理设备600可以为终端。该终端可以是集成了摄像头和显示屏的终端设备，包括但不限于智能手机，平板，掌上电脑，照相机等。该终端中的摄像头用于实现拍照、摄像功能，而显示屏用于实现对拍摄画面的预览功能，即，通过对摄像头当前收入的画面进行实时显示，以供用于预览，从而达到取景器的效果。
下面对本发明的方法实施例进行描述，由于方法实施例可以由上文装置实施描述的图像传感器执行，因此未详细描述的部分可以参见前面各装置实施例。
如图7所示，本申请实施例还提供一种用于控制图像传感器的方法，该图像传感器包括像素阵列，该像素阵列包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素，该方法包括：
S710，在马达镜头移动过程中，对该像素阵列中的部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；
S720，在该部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；
S730，对该读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定该图像传感器的合焦位置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该方法还包括：
对该像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，其中，该对该所有像素进行多次曝光包括，在该合焦位置对该所有像素进行曝光；
在该所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据；
根据在该所有像素在该合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该对该像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，包括：在接收到快门信号时，在该合焦位置对该所有像素进行曝光；
该根据在该所有像素在该合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像，包括：在接收到该快门信号时，根据在该所有像素基于该快门信号进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得该输出图像。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图8所示，该方法具体包括：
S711，在马达镜头移动过程中，按照第一帧率，对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；
S720，在该部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；
S730，对该读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定该图像传感器的合焦位置；
S741，按照第二帧率，对该像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，其中，该第一帧率高于该第二帧率，对该所有像素进行多次曝光包括，在该合焦位置对该所有像素进行曝光；
S750，在该所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据；
S760，根据在该所有像素在该合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该第一帧率为该第二帧率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该部分像素中包括分布于该像素阵列的不同行或不同列的像素。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在该像素阵列中该部分像素的位置是预设的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：对该部分像素进行多次曝光。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：根据预设信息，对该部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，该预设信息指示在该部分像素中该至少一部分像素的分布位置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在不同合焦场景下，在该部分像素中该至少一部分像素的分布位置不同。
可选地，在一些实施例中，同一合焦场景下的不同次曝光过程所对应的在该部分像素中该至少一部分像素的分布位置不完全相同。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该合焦位置为该多个第一图像数据中对比度最优的一个第一图像数据所对应的该马达镜头所在的位置。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其他任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本发明实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD))等。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的***、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种图像传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    像素阵列，包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素，所述像素为光感应像素；
    第一控制电路，与所述像素阵列中的部分像素连接，所述第一控制电路用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；
    第一读出电路，与所述部分像素连接，所述第一读出电路用于，在所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；
    处理电路，与所述第一读出电路连接，所述处理电路用于，对所述第一读出电路读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定合焦位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述图像传感器还包括：
    第二控制电路，与所述像素阵列中所有像素连接，所述第二控制电路用于，对所述所有像素进行至少一次曝光，其中，所述对所述所有像素进行至少一次曝光包括，在所述合焦位置对所述所有像素进行曝光；
    第二读出电路，与所述所有像素连接，所述第一读出电路用于，在所述所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据；
    所述处理电路，还与所述第二读出电路连接，所述处理电路还用于，根据所述第二读出电路在所述所有像素在所述合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述第二控制电路用于，对所述所有像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    所述第二控制电路用于，在接收到快门信号时，在所述合焦位置对所述所有像素进行曝光；
    所述处理电路还用于，根据所述第二读出电路在所述所有像素在所述合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像，包括：
    所述处理电路用于，在接收到所述快门信号时，根据所述第二读出电路在所述所有像素基于所述快门信号进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得所述输出图像。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述第一控制电路具体用于，按照第一帧率对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行曝 光，所述第二控制电路具体用于，按照第二帧率对所述所有像素进行曝光，其中，所述第一帧率高于所述第二帧率。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述第一帧率为所述第二帧率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述部分像素中包括分布于所述像素阵列的不同行或不同列的像素。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述部分像素在所述像素阵列中的位置是预设的。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述第一控制电路用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    所述第一控制电路具体用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对所述部分像素进行多次曝光。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述第一控制电路用于，在马达镜头移动过程中对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    所述第一控制电路具体用于，根据预设信息，在马达镜头移动过程中对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，所述预设信息指示在所述部分像素中所述至少一部分像素的分布位置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，在不同合焦场景下，在所述部分像素中所述至少一部分像素的分布位置不同。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，同一合焦场景下的不同次曝光过程所对应的在所述部分像素中所述至少一部分像素的分布位置不完全相同。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述合焦位置为所述多个第一图像数据中对比度最优的一个第一图像数据所对应的所述马达镜头所在的位置。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的图像传感器，其特征在于，所述图像传感器为互补金属氧化物半导体CMOS图像传感器。
  14. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的图像传感器。
  15. 一种图像处理设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的图像传感器。
  16. 一种用于控制图像传感器的方法，其特征在于，所述图像传感器包括像素阵列，所述像素阵列包括以二维矩阵排列的多个像素，所述像素为光感应像素，所述方法包括：
    在马达镜头移动过程中，对所述像素阵列中的部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；
    在所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素每次曝光后读出第一图像数据；
    对所述读出的多个第一图像数据进行对比度分析，确定所述图像传感器的合焦位置。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行至少一次曝光，其中，所述对所述所有像素进行至少一次曝光包括，在所述合焦位置对所述所有像素进行曝光；
    在所述所有像素每次曝光后读出第二图像数据；
    根据在所述所有像素在所述合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    在接收到快门信号时，在所述合焦位置对所述所有像素进行曝光；
    所述根据在所述所有像素在所述合焦位置进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得输出图像，包括：
    在接收到所述快门信号时，根据在所述所有像素基于所述快门信号进行曝光后所读出的第二图像数据，获得所述输出图像。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对所述像素阵列中的部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    按照第一帧率，对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光；
    所述对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    按照第二帧率，对所述像素阵列中的所有像素进行多次曝光，其中，所述第一帧率高于所述第二帧率。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一帧率为所述第二帧率的n倍，n为大于1的整数。
  21. 根据权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述部分像素中包括分布于所述像素阵列的不同行或不同列的像素。
  22. 根据权利要求16至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述部分像素在所述像素阵列中的位置是预设的。
  23. 根据权利要求16至22中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    对所述部分像素进行多次曝光。
  24. 根据权利要求16至22中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，包括：
    根据预设信息，对所述部分像素中的至少一部分像素进行多次曝光，所述预设信息指示在所述部分像素中所述至少一部分像素的分布位置。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，在不同合焦场景下，在所述部分像素中所述至少一部分像素的分布位置不同。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，同一合焦场景下的不同次曝光过程所对应的在所述部分像素中所述至少一部分像素的分布位置不完全相同。
  27. 根据权利要求16至26中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述合焦位置为所述多个第一图像数据中对比度最优的一个第一图像数据所对应的所述马达镜头所在的位置。
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