WO2019092186A1 - Method for introducing soot particles into an exhaust gas system of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for introducing soot particles into an exhaust gas system of a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019092186A1
WO2019092186A1 PCT/EP2018/080779 EP2018080779W WO2019092186A1 WO 2019092186 A1 WO2019092186 A1 WO 2019092186A1 EP 2018080779 W EP2018080779 W EP 2018080779W WO 2019092186 A1 WO2019092186 A1 WO 2019092186A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ash particles
introducing
exhaust gas
exhaust system
liquid
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2018/080779
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Bacher
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2019092186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019092186A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/22Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in non-catalytic purification apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0682Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for introducing ash particles into an exhaust system of a motor vehicle.
  • Internal combustion engine may have a particle filter.
  • a particulate filter in particular filters ash and soot particles from the exhaust gas, which then settle in the filter material.
  • the effect described below may occur. Large particles are filtered relatively well because they are likely to hit and stick to filter material due to their size. With very small particles, it can be observed with some particle filters that, starting from a brand-new particle filter, an increase in the filtration efficiency can be observed in the initial phase of the use of the particle filter. This is due to the fact that very small particles tend to adhere to particles already deposited in the filter material rather than to the clean filter material of a brand new particulate filter.
  • Incineration of a particulate filter known.
  • an ash layer is applied as a filter cake in a new state targeted on a particulate filter.
  • a first method in which a special fuel is used as the first filling of the vehicle, a second method in which a special ash-forming oil is supplied to the vehicle.
  • a direct coating of the channel surface of the particulate filter is used with an ash forming in one
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • a method for introducing ash particles into an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine is provided.
  • ash particles are introduced at a point upstream of an exit of the particulate filter in a step of introducing so that the ash particles are arranged accessible from the exhaust stream, wherein the step of introducing the ash particles is performed before the exhaust system for the first time with exhaust gases from the engine of the
  • outlet of the particulate filter is understood to mean a plane which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the particulate filter (along its direction of flow) at a location located at the downstream end of the filter material of the particulate filter.
  • the present invention does not exclude from that additional ash particles are introduced into the exhaust system downstream of this level, but these downstream ash particles are ineffective because they are not registered in the particulate filter.
  • the liquid is alcohol. This evaporates very quickly and would therefore be a good carrier liquid to bring the ash particles in the exhaust system.
  • parts of the exhaust system and / or the particulate filter are immersed in the liquid in the step of introducing.
  • a wadding material in the step of introducing a wadding material is introduced, which is impregnated with a liquid containing the ash particles.
  • a liquid in the step of introducing a liquid is sprayed, which contains the ash particles.
  • the figure shows schematically an exhaust system for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine 1, an exhaust pipe 2, the
  • the internal combustion engine 1 may be a diesel engine or a gasoline engine, but is preferably a gasoline engine, as described in the introduction
  • a catalyst 3 and a particulate filter 4 are arranged so that they are flowed through by the guided in the exhaust pipe 2 exhaust gas.
  • Catalyst 3 and the particulate filter 4 may be formed as structurally separate units, in which case the catalyst 3 is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas upstream of the particulate filter 4.
  • the catalyst 3 is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas upstream of the particulate filter 4.
  • this case is a
  • Pipe section 5 of the pipe 2 is arranged between them.
  • the catalyst 3 and the particle filter 4 can also be designed as a single structural unit, in particular in a common housing.
  • the particulate filter 4 is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas catalyst 3 within the same housing.
  • filter material is received, as is known from the prior art.
  • ash particles are introduced into the exhaust system before it is flowed through for the first time by exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the ash particles are introduced downstream of the catalyst 3 in order to avoid contamination of the catalyst 3 with these ash particles.
  • the ash particles are introduced into the interior of the pipe section 5.
  • Ash is a solid residue from the combustion of organic matter and consists mainly of oxides and (bi-) carbonates of various metals.
  • Ash may contain one or more of the following: CaO, Fe2Os, MgO, MnO, P2O5, K2O, S1O2, Na2COs, NaHCOs.
  • the ash particles may, for example, after the production of the part of the exhaust system in which the ash particles are to be introduced, before the installation of this part on the motor vehicle or after the shoring and before
  • the ash particles predominantly have one
  • the maximum diameter less than 80nm. Since the ash particles are usually not perfectly spherical, but have an irregular outer contour, the maximum diameter is determined such that, regardless of the measuring direction of the ash particle, the measured ash particle in any direction has a dimension greater than this maximum diameter.
  • the majority of the ash particles according to the invention ie more than 50% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention, is preferably smaller than this maximum diameter. Even more preferably, more than 60% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention are smaller than this maximum diameter. Still More preferably, more than 70% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention are smaller than this maximum diameter. Even more preferably, more than 80% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention are smaller than this maximum diameter.
  • the ash particles can be produced for example by means of spark erosion.
  • the liquid should be a liquid that is vaporized or burned residue-free when starting the exhaust system through the hot exhaust gases.
  • the liquid with the introduced therein should be a liquid that is vaporized or burned residue-free when starting the exhaust system through the hot exhaust gases.
  • Ash particles are introduced into parts of the exhaust system by these parts, such as the particulate filter 4 or the pipe section 5, completely or partially immersed in this liquid or by this liquid is sprayed into the parts, so that the liquid, for example, on the inside of the Pipe section 5 or settles in the filter material. If the liquid is introduced into parts of the exhaust system, which are located upstream of the particulate filter 4, then the ash particles are carried by the exhaust stream in the particulate filter 4 during start-up of the exhaust system.
  • carrier material could be introduced into the exhaust system, which was impregnated with the liquid in which the ash particles are located.
  • This carrier material could, for example, be cotton, which burns as completely as possible when the exhaust system is put into operation.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for introducing soot particles into an exhaust gas system of a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine (1). In the method, the soot particles are introduced at a location upstream of an outlet of the particle filter (4) in the flow direction of the exhaust gas such that the soot particles are arranged so as to be reachable by the exhaust gas flow, wherein the step of introducing the soot particles is carried out before the exhaust gas system is supplied with exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine (1) of the motor vehicle for the first time. In a step of introducing parts of the exhaust gas system and/or the particle filter (4), a liquid is introduced which solidifies above 0 °C in a non-independent manner and in which the soot particles are located.

Description

Verfahren zur Einbringung von Aschepartikeln in eine Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs  Process for introducing ash particles into an exhaust system of a motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Einbringung von Aschepartikeln in eine Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs. The invention relates to a method for introducing ash particles into an exhaust system of a motor vehicle.
Abgasanlagen zum Ableiten und Reinigen von Abgasen aus einem Exhaust systems for draining and cleaning exhaust gases from a
Verbrennungsmotor können einen Partikelfilter aufweisen. Ein Partikelfilter filtert insbesondere Asche- und Rußpartikel aus dem Abgas, die sich dann im Filtermaterial absetzen. Bei manchen Partikelfiltern für Ottomotoren kann dabei der im Folgenden beschriebene Effekt auftreten. Große Partikel werden verhältnismäßig gut gefiltert, da diese aufgrund ihrer Größe mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auf Filtermaterial treffen und an diesem haften bleiben. Bei sehr kleinen Partikeln ist bei manchen Partikelfiltern zu beobachten, dass ausgehend von einem fabrikneuen Partikelfilter in der Anfangsphase des Gebrauchs des Partikelfilters eine Steigerung der Filtrationseffizienz zu beobachten ist. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass sehr kleine Partikel eher an bereits im Filtermaterial abgesetzten Partikeln anhaften als an dem sauberen Filtermaterial eines fabrikneuen Partikelfilters. Internal combustion engine may have a particle filter. A particulate filter in particular filters ash and soot particles from the exhaust gas, which then settle in the filter material. In some particulate filters for gasoline engines, the effect described below may occur. Large particles are filtered relatively well because they are likely to hit and stick to filter material due to their size. With very small particles, it can be observed with some particle filters that, starting from a brand-new particle filter, an increase in the filtration efficiency can be observed in the initial phase of the use of the particle filter. This is due to the fact that very small particles tend to adhere to particles already deposited in the filter material rather than to the clean filter material of a brand new particulate filter.
Aus der DE 10 2016 103 735 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur künstlichen From DE 10 2016 103 735 A1 a method for artificial
Veraschung eines Partikelfilters bekannt. Dabei wird auf einen Partikelfilter gezielt eine Ascheschicht als Filterkuchen im Neuzustand aufgebracht. Incineration of a particulate filter known. In this case, an ash layer is applied as a filter cake in a new state targeted on a particulate filter.
Beschrieben ist ein erstes Verfahren, bei dem ein spezieller Kraftstoff als Erstbefüllung des Fahrzeugs verwendet wird, ein zweites Verfahren, bei dem ein spezielles aschebildendes Öl dem Fahrzeug zugeführt wird. In einem dritten Verfahren wird eine direkte Beschichtung der Kanaloberfläche des Partikelfilters mit einem Aschebildner verwendet, der in einem Described is a first method in which a special fuel is used as the first filling of the vehicle, a second method in which a special ash-forming oil is supplied to the vehicle. In one Third method, a direct coating of the channel surface of the particulate filter is used with an ash forming in one
nachgeschalteten Prozess abgebrannt wird. Downstream process is burned down.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein verbessertes oder zumindest alternatives Verfahren bereitzustellen, um eine Filtrationseffizienz, insbesondere in einem anfänglichen Lebenszyklus eines Partikelfilters, zu steigern. Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved or at least alternative method for enhancing filtration efficiency, particularly in an initial life cycle of a particulate filter. This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zur Einbringung von Aschepartikeln in eine Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches einen Verbrennungsmotor aufweist, bereitgestellt. In dem Verfahren werden in einem Schritt des Einbringens Aschepartikel an einer Stelle abgasstromaufwärts eines Ausgangs des Partikelfilters derart eingebracht, dass die Aschepartikel vom Abgasstrom erreichbar angeordnet sind, wobei der Schritt des Einbringens der Aschepartikel ausgeführt wird, bevor die Abgasanlage erstmals mit Abgasen aus dem Verbrennungsmotor des According to one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method for introducing ash particles into an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, is provided. In the method, ash particles are introduced at a point upstream of an exit of the particulate filter in a step of introducing so that the ash particles are arranged accessible from the exhaust stream, wherein the step of introducing the ash particles is performed before the exhaust system for the first time with exhaust gases from the engine of the
Kraftfahrzeugs beaufschlagt wird, wobei beim Schritt des Einbringens Teile der Abgasanlage und/oder der Partikelfilter eine sich oberhalb von 0 Grad Celsius nicht selbstständig verfestigende Flüssigkeit eingebracht wird, in der sich Aschepartikel befinden. Der Vorteil dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass sich bereits bei Inbetriebnahme der Abgasanlage Aschepartikel direkt im Filtermaterial oder in der Abgasanlage befinden und in letzterem Fall durch die Inbetriebnahme und die damit verbundene Abgasströmung in das Filtermaterial getragen werden. Dadurch können sehr kleine Partikel, welche durch die Verbrennung im Verbrennungsmotor entstehen, von Motor vehicle is applied, wherein the step of introducing parts of the exhaust system and / or the particulate filter is introduced above 0 degrees Celsius not self-solidifying liquid in which ash particles are. The advantage of this exemplary embodiment is that ash particles are already directly in the filter material or in the exhaust system when the exhaust system is put into operation and in the latter case are carried into the filter material by the startup and the associated exhaust gas flow. As a result, very small particles, which are produced by the combustion in the internal combustion engine of
Anfang an bei einem fabrikneuen Partikelfilter mit höherer Filtrationseffizienz aus dem Abgasstrom herausgefiltert werden. Im Vergleich zum eingangs beschriebenen Stand der Technik, wird dazu nicht erst durch Verbrennung Asche gebildet, was mit einer gewissen zeitlichen Verzögerung verbunden ist, sondern es werden bereits existierende Aschepartikel, die bereits vor der erstmaligen Inbetriebnahme des Verbrennungsmotors in der Abgasanlage in Form von Aschepartikeln vorhanden sind, in die Abgasanlage eingebracht. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Asche schneller in den Partikelfilter getragen werden kann als im Stand der Technik und somit eine schnellere Steigerung der Filtrationseffizienz ermöglicht wird. Dadurch, dass die Aschepartikel in einer sich oberhalb von 0 Grad Celsius nicht selbstständig verfestigenden Flüssigkeit gelöst sind, können die Aschepartikel bei Inbetriebnahme des Verbrennungsmotors schneller freigesetzt werden, ohne dass vorher eine feste Beschichtung abgebrannt werden muss. At the beginning of a brand new particle filter with higher filtration efficiency are filtered out of the exhaust stream. Compared to the prior art described at the outset, ashes are not formed by combustion, which is associated with a certain time delay is, but there are already existing ash particles that are already present in the exhaust system in the form of ash particles before the first start of the engine in the exhaust system. This has the advantage that the ash can be carried faster into the particulate filter than in the prior art and thus a faster increase in filtration efficiency is made possible. Because the ash particles are dissolved in a liquid which does not self-solidify above 0 degrees Celsius, the ash particles can be released more quickly when the internal combustion engine is put into operation without having to burn off a solid coating beforehand.
Im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung ist unter„Ausgang des Partikelfilters" eine Ebene zu verstehen, die sich senkrecht zur Längsrichtung des Partikelfilters (entlang seiner Durchströmungsrichtung) an einer Stelle erstreckt, welche sich am stromabwärtigen Ende des Filtermaterials des Partikelfilters befindet. Natürlich schließt die vorliegende Erfindung nicht aus, dass zusätzlich stromabwärts dieser Ebene Aschepartikel in die Abgasanlage eingebracht werden, nur sind diese stromabwärtigen Aschepartikel wirkungslos, weil sie nicht in den Partikelfilter eingetragen werden. In the context of this description, "outlet of the particulate filter" is understood to mean a plane which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the particulate filter (along its direction of flow) at a location located at the downstream end of the filter material of the particulate filter. Of course, the present invention does not exclude from that additional ash particles are introduced into the exhaust system downstream of this level, but these downstream ash particles are ineffective because they are not registered in the particulate filter.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist die Flüssigkeit Alkohol ist. Dieser verflüchtigt sich sehr schnell und wäre somit eine gute Trägerflüssigkeit, um die Aschepartikel in die Abgasanlage einzubringen. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the liquid is alcohol. This evaporates very quickly and would therefore be a good carrier liquid to bring the ash particles in the exhaust system.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung werden beim Schritt des Einbringens Teile der Abgasanlage und/oder der Partikelfilter in die Flüssigkeit eingetaucht. According to a further embodiment of the invention, parts of the exhaust system and / or the particulate filter are immersed in the liquid in the step of introducing.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird beim Schritt des Einbringens ein Wattematerial eingebracht, welches mit einer Flüssigkeit getränkt ist, welche die Aschepartikel enthält. Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird beim Schritt des Einbringens eine Flüssigkeit eingesprüht, welche die Aschepartikel enthält. According to a further embodiment of the invention, in the step of introducing a wadding material is introduced, which is impregnated with a liquid containing the ash particles. According to a further embodiment of the invention, in the step of introducing a liquid is sprayed, which contains the ash particles.
Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung beschrieben. In dieser Zeichnung ist Folgendes dargestellt: Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. This drawing shows:
Die Figur zeigt schematisch eine Abgasanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor 1 , einer Abgasrohrleitung 2, die The figure shows schematically an exhaust system for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine 1, an exhaust pipe 2, the
Verbrennungsabgase aus dem Verbrennungsmotor abführt und an eine Umgebung abgibt. Der Verbrennungsmotor 1 kann ein Dieselmotor oder ein Ottomotor sein, vorzugsweise handelt es sich jedoch um einen Ottomotor, da bei diesem die in der Beschreibungseinleitung beschriebene Flue gases from the internal combustion engine dissipates and gives off to an environment. The internal combustion engine 1 may be a diesel engine or a gasoline engine, but is preferably a gasoline engine, as described in the introduction
Effizienzsteigerung stärker ausgeprägt ist. In der Abgasrohrleitung 2 sind ein Katalysator 3 und ein Partikelfilter 4 so angeordnet, dass diese von dem in der Abgasrohrleitung 2 geführten Abgas durchströmt werden. Der Increased efficiency is more pronounced. In the exhaust pipe 2, a catalyst 3 and a particulate filter 4 are arranged so that they are flowed through by the guided in the exhaust pipe 2 exhaust gas. The
Katalysator 3 und der Partikelfilter 4 können als baulich getrennte Einheiten ausgebildet sein, wobei dann der Katalysator 3 abgasstromaufwärts des Partikelfilters 4 angeordnet ist. Insbesondere ist in diesem Fall ein Catalyst 3 and the particulate filter 4 may be formed as structurally separate units, in which case the catalyst 3 is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas upstream of the particulate filter 4. In particular, in this case is a
Rohrleitungsabschnitt 5 der Rohrleitung 2 zwischen diesen angeordnet. Der Katalysator 3 und der Partikelfilter 4 können aber auch als eine einzige bauliche Einheit ausgebildet sein, insbesondere in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse. In diesem Fall ist jedoch auch vorzugsweise der Partikelfilter 4 abgasstromabwärts des Katalysators 3 innerhalb desselben Gehäuses angeordnet. In dem Partikelfilter 4 ist Filtermaterial aufgenommen, wie dies aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist. Pipe section 5 of the pipe 2 is arranged between them. However, the catalyst 3 and the particle filter 4 can also be designed as a single structural unit, in particular in a common housing. In this case, however, also preferably the particulate filter 4 is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas catalyst 3 within the same housing. In the particle filter 4 filter material is received, as is known from the prior art.
Um eine Steigerung der Filtrationseffizienz des Partikelfilters 4 zu erreichen, werden erfindungsgemäß Aschepartikel in die Abgasanlage eingebracht, bevor diese erstmalig von Abgasen des Verbrennungsmotors 1 durchströmt wird. Dabei werden die Aschepartikel stromaufwärts des Partikelfilters 4 oder im Partikelfilter 4 selbst eingebracht. Werden die Aschepartikel To achieve an increase in the filtration efficiency of the particulate filter 4, according to the invention ash particles are introduced into the exhaust system before it is flowed through for the first time by exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1. The ash particles upstream of the particulate filter 4 or introduced in the particle filter 4 itself. Be the ash particles
stromaufwärts des Partikelfilters 4 eingebracht, dann werden die introduced upstream of the particulate filter 4, then the
Aschepartikel 4 bei der erstmaligen Inbetriebnahme, bei der die Abgasanlage von Abgasen des Verbrennungsmotors 1 durchströmt wird, von der Ash particle 4 during initial commissioning, in which the exhaust system is flowed through by exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1, from the
Abgasströmung stromabwärts in den Partikelfilter 4 eingetragen und setzen sich zumindest zum Teil dort ab. Vorteilhafterweise werden die Aschepartikel stromabwärts des Katalysators 3 eingebracht, um eine Verunreinigung des Katalysators 3 mit diesen Aschepartikeln zu vermeiden. Insbesondere werden die Aschepartikel in das Innere des Rohrleitungsabschnitts 5 eingebracht. Exhaust gas flow registered downstream in the particle filter 4 and settle at least partially there. Advantageously, the ash particles are introduced downstream of the catalyst 3 in order to avoid contamination of the catalyst 3 with these ash particles. In particular, the ash particles are introduced into the interior of the pipe section 5.
Asche ist ein fester Rückstand aus der Verbrennung organischen Materials und besteht vor allem aus Oxiden und (Bi-)Karbonaten diverser Metalle. Asche kann beispielsweise einen oder mehrere der folgenden Stoffe enthalten: CaO, Fe2Os, MgO, MnO, P2O5, K2O, S1O2, Na2COs, NaHCOs. Ash is a solid residue from the combustion of organic matter and consists mainly of oxides and (bi-) carbonates of various metals. Ash, for example, may contain one or more of the following: CaO, Fe2Os, MgO, MnO, P2O5, K2O, S1O2, Na2COs, NaHCOs.
Die Aschepartikel können beispielsweise nach der Produktion des Teils der Abgasanlage, in welche die Aschepartikel einzubringen sind, vor dem Verbau dieses Teils am Kraftfahrzeug oder nach dem Verbau und vor der The ash particles may, for example, after the production of the part of the exhaust system in which the ash particles are to be introduced, before the installation of this part on the motor vehicle or after the shoring and before
erstmaligen Inbetriebnahme, d.h. der erstmaligen Beaufschlagung mit Abgasen aus dem Verbrennungsmotor, in dieses Teil eingebracht werden. Vorzugsweise haben die Aschepartikel überwiegend einen initial commissioning, i. the first admission with exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, are introduced into this part. Preferably, the ash particles predominantly have one
Maximaldurchmesser kleiner als 80nm. Da die Aschepartikel üblicherweise nicht perfekt kugelförmig sind, sondern eine unregelmäßige Außenkontur aufweisen, bestimmt sich der Maximaldurchmesser derart, dass unabhängig von der Messrichtung am Aschepartikel, der gemessene Aschepartikel in keiner Richtung eine Abmessung größer als dieser Maximaldurchmesser aufweist. Vorzugsweise ist der überwiegende Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Aschepartikel, d.h. mehr als 50% der erfindungsgemäß in die Abgasanlage eingebrachten Aschepartikel kleiner als dieser Maximaldurchmesser. Noch mehr bevorzugt sind mehr als 60% der erfindungsgemäß in die Abgasanlage eingebrachten Aschepartikel kleiner als dieser Maximaldurchmesser. Noch mehr bevorzugt sind mehr als 70% der erfindungsgemäß in die Abgasanlage eingebrachten Aschepartikel kleiner als dieser Maximaldurchmesser. Noch mehr bevorzugt sind mehr als 80% der erfindungsgemäß in die Abgasanlage eingebrachten Aschepartikel kleiner als dieser Maximaldurchmesser. Die Aschepartikel können beispielsweise mittels Funkenerodieren hergestellt werden. Maximum diameter less than 80nm. Since the ash particles are usually not perfectly spherical, but have an irregular outer contour, the maximum diameter is determined such that, regardless of the measuring direction of the ash particle, the measured ash particle in any direction has a dimension greater than this maximum diameter. The majority of the ash particles according to the invention, ie more than 50% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention, is preferably smaller than this maximum diameter. Even more preferably, more than 60% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention are smaller than this maximum diameter. Still More preferably, more than 70% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention are smaller than this maximum diameter. Even more preferably, more than 80% of the ash particles introduced into the exhaust system according to the invention are smaller than this maximum diameter. The ash particles can be produced for example by means of spark erosion.
Zum Einbringen der Aschepartikel in die Abgasanlage gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die im Folgenden erläutert werden: There are various possibilities for introducing the ash particles into the exhaust system, which are explained below:
Eine Möglichkeit zum Einbringen der Aschepartikel sieht vor, dass die One way to introduce the ash particles provides that the
Aschepartikel in eine Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Alkohol, gemischt werden. Die Flüssigkeit sollte dabei eine Flüssigkeit sein, die bei Inbetriebnahme der Abgasanlage möglichst rückstandsfrei durch die heißen Abgase verdampft oder verbrannt wird. Die Flüssigkeit mit den darin eingebrachten Ash particles in a liquid, such as alcohol, are mixed. The liquid should be a liquid that is vaporized or burned residue-free when starting the exhaust system through the hot exhaust gases. The liquid with the introduced therein
Aschepartikeln wird in Teile der Abgasanlage eingebracht, indem diese Teile, wie beispielsweise der Partikelfilter 4 oder der Rohrleitungsabschnitt 5, ganz oder teilweise in diese Flüssigkeit eingetaucht werden oder indem diese Flüssigkeit in die Teile eingesprüht wird, so dass sich die Flüssigkeit beispielsweise auf der Innenseite des Rohrleitungsabschnitts 5 oder im Filtermaterial absetzt. Wird die Flüssigkeit in Teile der Abgasanlage eingebracht, die sich stromaufwärts des Partikelfilters 4 befinden, dann werden bei der Inbetriebnahme der Abgasanlage die Aschepartikel vom Abgasstrom in den Partikelfilter 4 getragen. Ash particles are introduced into parts of the exhaust system by these parts, such as the particulate filter 4 or the pipe section 5, completely or partially immersed in this liquid or by this liquid is sprayed into the parts, so that the liquid, for example, on the inside of the Pipe section 5 or settles in the filter material. If the liquid is introduced into parts of the exhaust system, which are located upstream of the particulate filter 4, then the ash particles are carried by the exhaust stream in the particulate filter 4 during start-up of the exhaust system.
Darüber hinaus könnte Trägermaterial in die Abgasanlage eingebracht werden, welches mit der Flüssigkeit, in der sich die Aschepartikel befinden, getränkt wurde. Dieses Trägermaterial könnte beispielsweise Watte sein, welche bei Inbetriebnahme der Abgasanlage möglichst rückstandsfrei verbrennt. Während die Erfindung detailliert in den Zeichnungen und der In addition, carrier material could be introduced into the exhaust system, which was impregnated with the liquid in which the ash particles are located. This carrier material could, for example, be cotton, which burns as completely as possible when the exhaust system is put into operation. While the invention in detail in the drawings and the
vorangehenden Beschreibung veranschaulicht und beschrieben wurde, ist diese Veranschaulichung und Beschreibung als veranschaulichend oder beispielhaft und nicht als beschränkend zu verstehen und es ist nicht beabsichtigt die Erfindung auf das offenbarte Ausführungsbeispiel zu beschränken. Die bloße Tatsache, dass bestimmte Merkmale in While the foregoing description and description has been presented and described, this illustration and description is to be considered illustrative or exemplary, and not restrictive, and is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed embodiment. The mere fact that certain features are in
verschiedenen abhängigen Ansprüchen genannt sind, soll nicht andeuten, dass eine Kombination dieser Merkmale nicht auch vorteilhaft genutzt werden könnte. various dependent claims should not indicate that a combination of these features could not be used to advantage.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Verfahren zur Einbringung von Aschepartikeln in eine Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches einen Verbrennungsmotor (1 ) aufweist, mit dem Schritt: 1 . Method for introducing ash particles into an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine (1), with the step:
Einbringen von Aschepartikeln an einer Stelle abgasstromaufwärts eines Ausgangs des Partikelfilters (4) derart, dass die Aschepartikel vom Abgasstrom erreichbar angeordnet sind,  Introducing ash particles at a point downstream of an exit of the particle filter (4) such that the ash particles are arranged to be accessible from the exhaust gas stream,
wobei der Schritt des Einbringens der Aschepartikel ausgeführt wird, bevor die Abgasanlage erstmals mit Abgasen aus dem Verbrennungsmotor (1 ) des Kraftfahrzeugs beaufschlagt wird,  wherein the step of introducing the ash particles is carried out before the exhaust system is first charged with exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine (1) of the motor vehicle,
wobei beim Schritt des Einbringens in Teile der Abgasanlage und/oder in den Partikelfilter (4) eine sich oberhalb von 0 Grad Celsius nicht  wherein the step of introducing into parts of the exhaust system and / or in the particulate filter (4) is not above 0 degrees Celsius
selbstständig verfestigende Flüssigkeit eingebracht wird, in der sich self-solidifying liquid is introduced, in which
Aschepartikel befinden. Ash particles are located.
2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 , wobei die Flüssigkeit Alkohol ist. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is alcohol.
3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei beim Schritt des 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at the step of
Einbringens Teile der Abgasanlage und/oder der Partikelfilter (4) in die Flüssigkeit eingetaucht werden. Inserting parts of the exhaust system and / or the particulate filter (4) are immersed in the liquid.
4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei beim Schritt des 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at the step of
Einbringens ein Wattematerial eingebracht wird, welches mit einer Flüssigkeit getränkt ist, welche die Aschepartikel enthält. Introducing a batting material is introduced, which is impregnated with a liquid containing the ash particles.
5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei beim Schritt des 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at the step of
Einbringens eine Flüssigkeit eingesprüht wird, welche die Aschepartikel enthält. Introducing a liquid is sprayed containing the ash particles.
PCT/EP2018/080779 2017-11-09 2018-11-09 Method for introducing soot particles into an exhaust gas system of a motor vehicle WO2019092186A1 (en)

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