WO2019020930A1 - Covering and heat-sealing method - Google Patents
Covering and heat-sealing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019020930A1 WO2019020930A1 PCT/FR2018/051896 FR2018051896W WO2019020930A1 WO 2019020930 A1 WO2019020930 A1 WO 2019020930A1 FR 2018051896 W FR2018051896 W FR 2018051896W WO 2019020930 A1 WO2019020930 A1 WO 2019020930A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cover
- load
- foaming
- heat
- support
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/13—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state
- B65B9/135—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state for palletised loads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
- B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
- B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
- B65B53/06—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat supplied by gases, e.g. hot-air jets
- B65B53/066—Mobile frames, hoods, posts or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/02—Wrapping articles or quantities of material, without changing their position during the wrapping operation, e.g. in moulds with hinged folders
- B65B11/025—Wrapping articles or quantities of material, without changing their position during the wrapping operation, e.g. in moulds with hinged folders by webs revolving around stationary articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/04—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material the articles being rotated
- B65B11/045—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material the articles being rotated by rotating platforms supporting the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/58—Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession
- B65B11/585—Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession to stacked articles, e.g. pallettised loads
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process of foaming and heat sealing and to a device for foaming and heat sealing capable of implementing such a method.
- a load such as a package or pallet is transported from its manufacturing site to a distribution area. During this transport, the load must be protected against dust and possibly moisture.
- the recovery processes necessarily include a first step of forming a first set of ascending spirals from the bottom of the load to the top of the load before depositing the cap .
- the configuration of the first set of turns ensures a tiling that prevents the infiltration of water.
- FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 there is a method of covering a load 1 on a support 2.
- the method comprises the installation of a cover 3 on the load 1 and then the fixing of the cover 3 with the load 1 and more particularly the attachment to a pallet 2 which supports the load 1.
- the height of the cover 3 is configured to cover the entire height of the load 1 and the pallet 2.
- a retraction step of the cover 3 by heating is used simultaneously with the installation of the cover under the pallet.
- the retraction step illustrated in Figure 2 allows to fix the cover 3 with the pallet 2 using the transverse retraction of the cover 3.
- the lateral retraction prevents a rise of the cover 3 during the handling steps.
- the lateral retraction step is generally associated with a longitudinal retraction which applies a stress between the pallet 2 and the load 1.
- the lower edge of the pallet provides the mechanical connection of the cover with the load 1.
- the bottom of the cover 3 closes or obstructs access to the handling holes of the pallet 2.
- the material forming the cover 3 is not a very strong material so that it is always possible to achieve one or more orifices to facilitate the handling of the pallet 2.
- this practice is prohibited because the formation of openings by forcing on the cover 3 can cause deterioration of the cover 3 or tear.
- the handling port is not controlled, there is a significant risk of the pallet 2 get stuck with the handling equipment. In this case, the load 1 can be damaged. It is also possible to damage pallet storage means in a warehouse during attempts to separate the pallet 2 with the handling equipment. In many warehouses, this type of hooding is prohibited.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 there is also a method of covering which comprises the installation of a cover 3 on the load 1 and then the heat-sealing of the load 1 to an attachment point 4 which is formed by a ground sheet.
- the load 1 is disposed on a pallet 2 and the floor mat separates the load 1 and the pallet 2. In this configuration, the floor mat ensures the attachment of the cover 3 with the load 1 during the heat-sealing step.
- This operation is faster than wrapping the side walls of the load and is better accepted in the warehouse.
- the cost of the floor mat and the stress of setting up the floor mat are not negligible and represent obstacles to the generalization of this solution.
- this embodiment is almost exclusively reserved for areas where the sealing of the load vis-à-vis the outside is mandatory.
- the document JP S57-8634 provides another solution to the drawbacks illustrated in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the length of the cover may be insufficient so that it is no longer possible to fix the cover on the underside of the pallet. It is proposed to use a reinforcing tape that prevents misalignment between the pallet and the load. This configuration ensures that the end of the cover comes into contact with the lower edge of the pallet. The mechanical support of the cover is provided by the lower edge of the pallet.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method of foaming and heat sealing which is quick to implement and / or which is more economical than the methods of the prior art to form a shell integral with the load and / or support .
- the process of foaming and heat sealing is remarkable in that it comprises:
- the method is remarkable in that the attachment zone is formed by at least one plastic film ring under stress around the support and / or the load before heat sealing.
- the plastic film ring is formed by at least one turn.
- the plastic film ring comprises at least one flat strip.
- the plastic film ring has at least one strand intended to come into direct contact with the cover.
- the attachment zone comprises only one or two turns formed by a strand of plastic film.
- the plastic film ring is formed around the support.
- the support is a pallet comprising a floor surmounting at least two pallet pads, the plastic film film ring being formed around the floor.
- the attachment zone comprises a plurality of turns formed by a strip of plastic film, the consecutive turns overlapping.
- the cover is stretched during the heat sealing step. It is still possible to provide that the attachment zone is formed after contacting the load with the support and before threading the cover.
- the attachment zone is formed before bringing the load into contact with the support.
- Another object of the invention is a foaming and heat sealing device which is more effective than prior art devices in forming a watertight envelope.
- the device for foaming and heat sealing is remarkable in that it comprises: a wrapping device configured to deliver a plastic film forming at least one turn around a load or a support carrying the load, the at least one turn forming a fixing zone,
- heat-sealing means configured to heat-seal the cover to the attachment zone
- a control circuit configured to control the actuation of the heat sealing means after threading the cover so that the cover is facing the fixing area during heat sealing.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show, schematically, two steps of a first foaming process according to the prior art
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show, schematically, two steps of a second foaming process according to the prior art
- the method of covering a load is more precisely a process of covering and heat sealing.
- the method comprises a first step of providing a load 1 disposed on a support 2.
- the load 1 can have any shape.
- the load 1 may have a square, rectangular or circular section.
- the load 1 is disposed on a support 2 which is advantageously a pallet, but it is possible to use another type of support 2.
- the support 2 can have any shape.
- the horizontal section of the load 1 has the same shape as the horizontal section of the support 2 which facilitates the maintenance of the load 1.
- the bottom of the cover 3 faces the support 2.
- the cover 3 is installed by threading it down so that a portion of the cover comes in front of a fastening zone 4.
- a heat-sealing step is then performed so as to heat-seal the cover 3 with the contact area. 4.
- the heat seal will create a mechanical connection between the cover 3 and the fixing zone 4.
- the heat-sealing is achieved by heating the cover 3 and the fixing point 4.
- the attachment zone 4 was formed by a floor mat that had to be installed before the load 1, which made the manufacturing process more complex and more expensive.
- the inventors have observed that it is particularly advantageous to use at least one ring of a plastic film to form the fixing zone 4.
- the ring completely surrounds the load 1 and / or the support 2 in a cutting plane which is preferably a horizontal sectional plane.
- the ring is under stress so that it clamps the load 1 and / or the support 2 to limit or even prevent vertical movement of the ring and the cover 3 when a vertical stress is applied to the cover 3.
- the ring exerts a stress on the side walls of the load and / or support 2. It is particularly advantageous to use a stretch film in order to have better management of the clamping force. Indeed, during tightening, it is possible to use a portion of the elastic memory of the film which compensates for temperature deformations. JP S57-8634 does not propose to control the shrinkage of the cover or the attachment of the cover to the side walls of the load and / or the pallet because the cover is fixed under the lower edge of the pallet.
- the plastic film used to form the ring may be a shrinkable plastic film, that is to say a film whose length and / or width decreases when heated. It is also possible to provide that the plastic film is made in a stretch film, that is to say a film can be deformed plastically by traction. According to the configurations, the stretch film can be stretched before use to form the ring.
- the ring may be formed of any suitable plastic material, for example, a heat-shrinkable material or a stretchable material.
- the clamping force applied to the ring is between 0.2daN and 2daN.
- a clamping force of between 2daN and 10daN is dependent on the material forming the pallet or the load, the material forming the plastic film and the retraction force of the cover to contain.
- the intensity of the clamping force can be determined by making a ring around a support and pulling on this ring, for example with a dynamometer. When the ring has been moved from the 100mm support, the associated force is measured.
- the plastic film turn is advantageously carried out by wrapping which is a well-known and controlled technique which makes it possible to form at least one turn which circles the load 1 and / or the support 2 in order to define the fastening zone 4.
- wrapping it is possible to easily define the tension applied to the turn or multiple turns so as to easily adapt to the constraints of manufacture, heat sealing and handling.
- the attachment zone 4 is formed by a turn or by a plurality of turns.
- the consecutive turns cover at least partially to improve the mechanical strength of the heat seal.
- the fixing zone 4 comprises less than ten turns in order not to form a too wide or too large fixing zone and not to penalize the duration of the production process with a step of forming the fixing zone 4 too much. long.
- the fastening zone 4 comprises only one or two turns because it allows to achieve a fastening zone 4 with good mechanical strength to the load 1 and a reduced duration of implementation.
- the turns of the fixing zone 4 may be for example flat strips or strands.
- strand means that the coil is formed by several plastic films which are entangled to form a strand.
- the strand may be formed of a single plastic film which is laterally narrowed to form a solid or substantially solid cylinder having the general shape of a strand or tube.
- the strand can be formed by a flat plastic film which is folded or twisted into a three-dimensional element.
- the strip represents a substantially two-dimensional plastic film, that is to say with a width and a length much greater than the thickness of the film. The thickness is preferably less than 1 mm.
- the band is deformed to adapt to the topography of the load 1 or the support 2.
- attachment zone 4 it is possible to form the attachment zone 4 by means of one or more strands or by means of one or more flat strips. It is also possible to form the attachment zone 4 by means of one or more strands associated with one or more flat strips.
- the production of one or more strands is illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 and
- fixing zone comprising one or more strands, it is meant that the strand or strands form at least one continuous ring of pleated film, that is to say a complete turn of pleated film around the load and / or the pallet .
- This configuration makes it possible to better manage the stress in the film and thus better manage the retraction of the cover.
- the film is deposited directly pleated or entangled on the side walls of the load and / or the pallet.
- the fastening strip is deposited in the form of a flat strip which is deposited on abutments to prevent direct contact between the fastening strip and the side wall of the pallet. In this way, it is not possible to effectively manage the stress in the fastening strip because the stress decreases after removal of the stops and too much stress can not be applied under penalty of seeing the fastening strip deteriorate during the welding of the folds.
- a fastening zone 4 comprising at least one complete turn formed by a strand, that is to say a ring of pleated film makes it possible to create a fastening zone 4 under stress which ensures the mechanical fixing between the cover 3 and the side wall of the load 1 and / or the support 2 after the heating step applied to obtain the retraction of the cover 3 and without the retraction of the cover 3 moves the fixing zone 4 too much towards the top of charge 1. It has been observed that the use of a fastening zone 4 formed by only one or more flat strips of plastic film results in the deformation of the fastening zone and / or the cover 3 causing the appearance of tears.
- the material forming the cover 3 reacts with the material forming the attachment zone 4 so as to create a mechanical connection. It has been observed that the mechanical attachment seems to be of better quality when the turn of the fastening zone 4 which comes into direct contact with the cover 3 is formed by a strand.
- the attachment zone 4 comprises at least one strand which comes into direct contact with the cover 3 during the heat-sealing step.
- the inventors believe that the surplus of material to be heated for the strand is compensated for by its static configuration throughout the heat sealing. Thus, even if the strand rises less quickly in temperature, it is easier to ensure continuous contact between the cover 3 and the strand.
- JP S57-8634 proposes to use a flat strip of thermoplastic film and not a strand because it is taught to cover the pallet and the bottom of the load with the same film to avoid the misalignment between these two elements and avoid using very long covers.
- the document provides no information on the stress applied in the reinforcing strip because it is expected that the reinforcing strip and the cover rest on the lower edge of the pallet to prevent too much shrinkage of the cover.
- the reinforcing tape is not stressed because it is uniquely configured to prevent misalignment between the load and the pallet.
- the reinforcing strip is not intended to provide the mechanical connection between the side walls of the load and / or the pallet with the cover.
- the cover bears on the lower edge of the pallet during the shrinkage of the cover which requires having a cover that goes below the pallet.
- the use of a fastening zone 4 formed by one or more turns and advantageously by wrapping makes it possible to precisely install the fastening zone 4 on the support 2 and / or on the load 1. There is no longer, as in the prior art, the complete covering of the side walls of the support 2 in order to fix under the support 2.
- the attachment zone is formed by a plurality of film turns whose stress varies between the turns. It is preferable to provide that the last turn in contact with the cover 3 (advantageously a strand) is less constrained than one or more turns located between the last turn and the load or the pallet. In this configuration, it has been observed that it is easier to make a fixing zone 4 having a significant constraint to fix the cover 3 to the load 1 or to the pallet 2 while reducing the probability of seeing the last turn deteriorate when attached to the cover 3. It has been observed that the more the coil is stressed and the more it deteriorates during heating. The deterioration may result in tearing of the coil or a significant lengthening which reduces the initial stress.
- a fastening zone 4 which has a plurality of turns arranged one on the other.
- the annealing applied to fix the cover 3 with the fixing zone 4 is preferably configured so as to obtain the heat-sealing of the last turn which is in contact with the cover 3 and the welding / bonding of the last turn with the front-end. last turn.
- the materials forming the last turn and the cover 3 merge so that it is difficult to discern an interface between these two layers after annealing.
- the annealing is configured to avoid melting all the turns, in other words the annealing is configured so that at least one coil remains below its melting temperature.
- the annealing step is carried out in several successive passes of the heating in order to reduce the number of calories supplied to the fixing zone 4 per passage and to avoid melting all the turns.
- it is proposed to press the cover 3 and the attachment zone 4 during annealing to improve the mechanical connection between the cover 3 and the support 2 or the load 1.
- the heating of the fixing zone 4 can be achieved by any known means.
- the support 2 is a pallet
- the floor is formed by a substantially horizontal board that overcomes the pads of the pallet, for example at least two pads of the pallet.
- the floor and the skids define the handling holes of the pallet.
- the plastic film does not hang. This configuration reduces the risk of unwanted clashes of the pallet with a handling machine.
- the vertical dimensions of the ring can be adapted to the dimensions of the pallet to avoid any undesired recovery of the handling holes.
- the plastic film does not cover the handling holes of the pallet. In case of recovery of the openings of the pallet, this overlap is partial and only on the upper part of the pallet which reduces the risk of attachment with the handling equipment. It is particularly advantageous to provide that the height of the cover 3 is configured so as not to obstruct the support handling orifices. 2, here from the palette. It is also advantageous to provide that the cover 3 is a heat-shrinkable cover. In this way, during the heat-sealing step or in a step to follow, it is possible to have the retraction of the lower part of the cover 3 which is under the mechanical connection with the attachment zone 4, which allows to reduce the closing rate of the handling ports and the risk of jamming with the handling equipment.
- the fastening zone 4 is formed only on the support 2, that is to say that the turn or the turns face only the support in the plane of the turn.
- the fixing zone 4 is devoid of contact with the load 1.
- the fixing zone 4 is formed only on the load 1, that is to say that the turn or the turns face only the load 1 in the plane of the turn.
- the fixing zone 4 is devoid of contact with the support 2.
- the fixing zone 4 it is possible to make the fixing zone 4 partly on the support 2 and partly on the load 1.
- a single attachment zone 4 is made.
- several attachment zones 4 are made.
- One or more heat sealing steps can be carried out in order to fix the cover 3 to the multiple fixing zones 4.
- the cover 3 is stretched.
- the tension can be applied by pulling the cover 3 down.
- the attachment zone 4 is formed on the support 2 and / or on the load 1 after the support 2 and the load 1 have been brought into contact.
- the support 2 and the load 1 are provided and the ring forming the attachment zone 4 is installed.
- the fixing zone 4 is advantageously made before depositing the cover 3 as this greatly facilitates the realization of the fixing zone 4.
- the fastening zone 4 is formed on the support 2 before adding the load 1 thereto. It is then possible to prepare in advance the fixing zones 4 on the supports 2 and then to use them to fix the cover 3 to the support 2.
- the cover 3 can be configured not to come opposite the support 2.
- the method comprises a step of vertical retraction of the cover 3.
- the shrinkage of the cover can be performed before the heat-sealing step or after the heat-sealing step.
- the retraction of the cover 3 reduces the height of the cover 3 and thus apply a pressure between the support 2 and the load 1 by means of the cover 3 which bears on the support 2 via the attachment zone 4.
- the retraction of the cover 3 can be performed after the fixing of the cover 3 with the fixing zone 4.
- the cover 3 can be tensioned during heat sealing to improve the mechanical strength of the binding between the
- a partial retraction of the cover 3 can be performed before sealing the cover 3 with the attachment zone 4 and a partial retraction is performed after sealing the cover 3 with the attachment zone 4. Again, it is advantageous to tighten the cover 3 before the heat sealing step, but it is also possible not to stretch the cover 3.
- the retraction is advantageously carried out by heating the cover 3 with heating means. This configuration allows the same heating means to be used for retraction and heat sealing.
- Inflation and aspiration are advantageously performed by the same ventilation device.
- the ventilation device ensures either the inflation of the cover 3 or the suction of the air. If the support 2 is not waterproof, it is not necessary to use the suction of the air unless the load 1 hinders the evacuation of air.
- the power of the cover 3 can be achieved by means of a plurality of clamps.
- the same clamps are used to thread the cover 3 around the load 1 and to put the cover 3 under tension.
- Retraction and heat sealing can be achieved by any suitable heating means.
- the heating means is in the form of a frame which surrounds the cover 3 and which moves vertically to heat the entire height of the cover 3.
- the heating means advantageously sends hot air towards the cover 3 to achieve retraction and heat sealing, but other techniques can be envisaged such as for example the emission of infrared radiation.
- the cover 3 is advantageously a polyethylene house. It is advantageous to make the fastening zone 4 made of polyethylene or any other material capable of providing mechanical fastening with the polyethylene.
- the cover 3 and the fixing zone 4 are made in materials suitable for heat sealing. In one embodiment, the materials are the same between the cover 3 and the attachment zone 4. Good results have been obtained by using a stretch film to form the ring and a heat-shrinkable film to form the cover.
- a heat-shrinkable film to form the ring of the fixing zone 4. If the fixing zone 4 is in the form of a ring before its installation, a first heating step causes the retraction which fixes the ring to load 1 and / or support 2.
- the film is not heat-shrinkable, for example in stretchable plastic material, it is advantageous to use a fastening zone 4 in the form of a strand to limit the rise in temperature in the fastening zone and thus limit the mechanical deformation of the stress fixation zone.
- the heat-shrinkable material is thicker than a stretch film and it sticks less well on itself or other turns of shrink material.
- the use of a stretch film to form the ring gives good results because this film was expected to disintegrate when heated.
- the stretch film is a film less thick than the shrink film which makes it more sensitive to an increase in temperature and especially during the heat sealing phase.
- weld the plastic stretch film to finish a wrapping process it should be noted that the welding step is very localized and is performed by means of a hot part that presses the film to weld and press the film against the palette.
- the use of a strand is particularly advantageous because it limits the rise in temperature by limiting the outer surface of the pastic film relative to its volume. The heating conditions are less restrictive.
- the plastic film is a stretch film used in the form of a flat film
- a thick film for example an unstretched film or a slightly stretched film, for example with an absolute drawing ratio. less than 100% so as to maintain a consistent thickness and activate the film by stretching to improve its tackiness.
- the thickness of the stretchable film forming the turns is greater than 15 ⁇ and preferably 20 ⁇ .
- Pallet means a rigid horizontal platform of minimum height compatible with handling by means of pallet trucks and / or forklifts or other appropriate equipment.
- the pallet is used as a support for collecting, stacking, storing, handling or transporting goods and loads.
- the pallet is equipped with paddle pads which are spaced from each other to define handling orifices.
- the attachment zone 4 is located above the openings of the pallet and / or covers only partially the different lateral faces of the pallet.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Package Closures (AREA)
Abstract
The method for covering and heat-sealing a cover (3) around a load (1) comprises: - providing the load (1) arranged on a mounting (2); - lining up the cover (3) on the load (1) by pulling it downwards so as to be facing an attachment zone (4); and - heat-sealing the cover (3) with the attachment zone (4). The attachment zone (4) is formed by at least one ring of plastic film under stress around the mounting (2) and/or the load (1) before heat-sealing.
Description
PROCEDE DE HOUSSAGE ET THERMOSCELLAGE METHOD OF HOUSING AND THERMOSCELLING
Domaine technique de l'invention Technical field of the invention
L'invention est relative à un procédé de houssage et thermoscellage et à un dispositif de houssage et de thermoscellage apte à mettre en œuvre un tel procédé. The invention relates to a process of foaming and heat sealing and to a device for foaming and heat sealing capable of implementing such a method.
État de la technique State of the art
De manière classique, une charge telle qu'un colis ou une palette est transportée de son site de fabrication jusqu'à une zone de distribution. Lors de ce transport, la charge doit être protégée contre les poussières et éventuellement contre l'humidité. Une étape de protection par recouvrement des parois latérales de la charge au moyen d'un film plastique, également appelée banderolage, est réalisée. Lors du recouvrement, un film plastique est déroulé depuis son support afin de recouvrir continûment les parois latérales de la charge à protéger au moyen de spires. Conventionally, a load such as a package or pallet is transported from its manufacturing site to a distribution area. During this transport, the load must be protected against dust and possibly moisture. A protection step covering the side walls of the load by means of a plastic film, also called wrapping, is performed. During the recovery, a plastic film is unwound from its support to cover continuously the side walls of the load to be protected by means of turns.
Pour certaines applications, il est nécessaire de réaliser une enveloppe de protection intégrale ou quasi-intégrale qui recouvre les faces de la charge à protéger. Il est connu de réaliser des spires de recouvrement qui sont agencées pour recouvrir les faces latérales de la charge à protéger. Après la formation de ces spires, une coiffe est déposée sur le sommet de la charge. La coiffe est ensuite bloquée contre la charge au moyen d'une nouvelle série de spires.
La coiffe et les spires protègent la charge de l'eau qui ruissèle alors sur le film plastique de protection. Pour former une enveloppe étanche au ruissèlement vertical de l'eau, les procédés de recouvrement comportent nécessairement une première étape de formation d'un premier jeu de spires ascendantes depuis le bas de la charge jusqu'au sommet de la charge avant de déposer la coiffe. La configuration du premier jeu de spires assure un tuilage qui évite l'infiltration de l'eau. For some applications, it is necessary to make an integral or almost integral protection envelope that covers the faces of the load to be protected. It is known to produce covering turns which are arranged to cover the lateral faces of the load to be protected. After the formation of these turns, a cap is deposited on the top of the load. The cap is then locked against the load by means of a new series of turns. The cap and turns protect the load from the water that then flows on the protective plastic film. To form a watertight envelope to vertical water runoff, the recovery processes necessarily include a first step of forming a first set of ascending spirals from the bottom of the load to the top of the load before depositing the cap . The configuration of the first set of turns ensures a tiling that prevents the infiltration of water.
Cette solution est intéressante mais elle nécessite un temps de traitement important ce qui peut entraîner un coût non négligeable associé à l'opération de recouvrement. This solution is interesting but it requires a significant processing time which can result in a significant cost associated with the recovery operation.
Dans un mode de réalisation alternatif, illustré aux figures 1 , 2, 3 et 4, il existe un procédé de houssage d'une charge 1 sur un support 2. Le procédé comporte l'installation d'une housse 3 sur la charge 1 puis la fixation de la housse 3 avec la charge 1 et plus particulièrement la fixation à une palette 2 qui supporte la charge 1 . In an alternative embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, there is a method of covering a load 1 on a support 2. The method comprises the installation of a cover 3 on the load 1 and then the fixing of the cover 3 with the load 1 and more particularly the attachment to a pallet 2 which supports the load 1.
Les procédés de houssage conventionnels utilisent une housse longue. Comme illustré à la figure 1 , la hauteur de la housse 3 est configurée pour recouvrir toute la hauteur de la charge 1 et de la palette 2. Il existe également un supplément de hauteur de housse 3 qui permet de recouvrir le dessous de la palette 2. De cette manière, il est possible de soulever la palette 2 pour introduire une partie de la housse 3 sous la palette 2 puis de reposer la palette 2 sur son support afin de bloquer la housse 3. Conventional foaming processes use a long cover. As illustrated in Figure 1, the height of the cover 3 is configured to cover the entire height of the load 1 and the pallet 2. There is also an additional cover height 3 which allows to cover the underside of the pallet 2 In this way, it is possible to lift the pallet 2 to introduce a portion of the cover 3 under the pallet 2 and then rest the pallet 2 on its support to block the cover 3.
Une étape de rétraction de la housse 3 par chauffage est utilisée simultanément à l'installation de la housse sous la palette. L'étape de rétraction illustrée à la figure 2 permet de fixer la housse 3 avec la palette 2 en utilisant la rétraction transversale de la housse 3. La rétraction latérale empêche une remontée de la housse 3 lors des étapes de manutention.
L'étape de rétraction latérale est généralement associée à une rétraction longitudinale qui applique une contrainte entre la palette 2 et la charge 1 . Le rebord inférieur de la palette assure la connexion mécanique de la housse avec la charge 1 . A retraction step of the cover 3 by heating is used simultaneously with the installation of the cover under the pallet. The retraction step illustrated in Figure 2 allows to fix the cover 3 with the pallet 2 using the transverse retraction of the cover 3. The lateral retraction prevents a rise of the cover 3 during the handling steps. The lateral retraction step is generally associated with a longitudinal retraction which applies a stress between the pallet 2 and the load 1. The lower edge of the pallet provides the mechanical connection of the cover with the load 1.
Avec un tel procédé, le bas de la housse 3 vient obturer ou gêner l'accès aux trous de manutention de la palette 2. Le matériau formant la housse 3 n'est pas un matériau très résistant de sorte qu'il est toujours possible de réaliser un ou plusieurs orifices pour faciliter la manutention de la palette 2. Cependant, dans de nombreux domaines, cette pratique est interdite car la formation des ouvertures en forçant sur la housse 3 peut entraîner une détérioration de la housse 3 voire sa déchirure. With such a method, the bottom of the cover 3 closes or obstructs access to the handling holes of the pallet 2. The material forming the cover 3 is not a very strong material so that it is always possible to achieve one or more orifices to facilitate the handling of the pallet 2. However, in many areas, this practice is prohibited because the formation of openings by forcing on the cover 3 can cause deterioration of the cover 3 or tear.
L'orifice de manutention n'étant pas maîtrisé, il existe un risque non négligeable de voir la palette 2 se coincer avec l'engin de manutention. Dans ce cas de figure, la charge 1 peut être abimée. Il est également possible d'abimer les moyens de stockage des palettes dans un entrepôt lors des tentatives de désolidarisation de la palette 2 avec l'engin de manutention. Dans de nombreux entrepôts, ce type de houssage est interdit. The handling port is not controlled, there is a significant risk of the pallet 2 get stuck with the handling equipment. In this case, the load 1 can be damaged. It is also possible to damage pallet storage means in a warehouse during attempts to separate the pallet 2 with the handling equipment. In many warehouses, this type of hooding is prohibited.
Pour éviter ces désagréments, il faut alors utiliser des palettes 2 avec des formes spécifiques et/ou former des dégagements maîtrisés qui permettent d'éviter toute interaction entre la housse et l'engin de manutention. Là encore, ces choix technologiques peuvent entraîner un surcoût de réalisation non négligeable. Dans certains entrepôts, la réalisation de trous spécifiques dans une housse longue même aménagée n'est pas autorisée. Il existe donc une difficulté importante liée à l'utilisation de housses longues. To avoid these inconveniences, it is then necessary to use pallets 2 with specific shapes and / or to form controlled clearances that make it possible to avoid any interaction between the cover and the handling machine. Again, these technological choices can lead to significant additional cost. In some warehouses, the creation of specific holes in a long cover even fitted is not allowed. There is therefore an important difficulty related to the use of long covers.
Comme illustré aux figures 3 et 4, il existe également un procédé de houssage qui comporte l'installation d'une housse 3 sur la charge 1 puis le thermoscellage de la charge 1 à un point de fixation 4 qui est formé par un
tapis de sol. La charge 1 est disposée sur une palette 2 et le tapis de sol sépare la charge 1 et la palette 2. Dans cette configuration, le tapis de sol assure la fixation de la housse 3 avec la charge 1 lors de l'étape de thermoscellage. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, there is also a method of covering which comprises the installation of a cover 3 on the load 1 and then the heat-sealing of the load 1 to an attachment point 4 which is formed by a ground sheet. The load 1 is disposed on a pallet 2 and the floor mat separates the load 1 and the pallet 2. In this configuration, the floor mat ensures the attachment of the cover 3 with the load 1 during the heat-sealing step.
Cette opération est plus rapide que le banderolage des parois latérales de la charge et il est mieux accepté dans l'entrepôt. Cependant, le coût du tapis de sol et la contrainte de mise en place du tapis de sol ne sont pas des éléments négligeables et représentent des freins à la généralisation de cette solution. Dans les faits, ce mode de réalisation est quasi-exclusivement réservé à des domaines où l'étanchéité de la charge vis-à-vis de l'extérieure est obligatoire. This operation is faster than wrapping the side walls of the load and is better accepted in the warehouse. However, the cost of the floor mat and the stress of setting up the floor mat are not negligible and represent obstacles to the generalization of this solution. In fact, this embodiment is almost exclusively reserved for areas where the sealing of the load vis-à-vis the outside is mandatory.
Le document JP S57-8634 apporte une autre solution aux inconvénients illustrés en relation avec les figures 1 et 2. Comme indiqué dans le document, lorsque la charge est décentrée par rapport à la palette, la longueur de la housse peut être insuffisante de sorte qu'il n'est plus possible de fixer la housse sur la face inférieure de la palette. Il est proposer d'utiliser une bande de renforcement qui empêche le désalignement entre la palette et la charge. Cette configuration permet d'assurer que l'extrémité de la housse vient en contact du rebord inférieur de la palette. Le maintien mécanique de la housse est fourni par le rebord inférieur de la palette. The document JP S57-8634 provides another solution to the drawbacks illustrated in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2. As indicated in the document, when the load is off-center with respect to the pallet, the length of the cover may be insufficient so that it is no longer possible to fix the cover on the underside of the pallet. It is proposed to use a reinforcing tape that prevents misalignment between the pallet and the load. This configuration ensures that the end of the cover comes into contact with the lower edge of the pallet. The mechanical support of the cover is provided by the lower edge of the pallet.
Il est également connu du document WO 94/22719 d'installer une bande de film sur les parois latérales d'une palette pour former une bande d'accrochage qui coopère avec un suremballage sous la forme d'une housse. Il est proposé d'installer la bande d'accrochage sous la forme d'une bande plane sur les parois latérales d'un palette puis de plisser une partie de la bande d'accrochage pour libérer l'accès aux passages de la palette pour les fourches de manutention. La bande d'accrochage peut être formée par un
film plastique étirable. Le suremballage est fixé sur la bande d'accrochage par soudure provoquée par le chauffage induisant la rétraction de la housse. It is also known from WO 94/22719 to install a strip of film on the side walls of a pallet to form a fastening strip which cooperates with an overpack in the form of a cover. It is proposed to install the fastening strip in the form of a flat strip on the side walls of a pallet and then to fold a portion of the fastening strip to release access to the passages of the pallet for handling forks. The fastening strip can be formed by a plastic stretch film. The overwrap is fixed on the welding strap caused by the heating inducing the retraction of the cover.
Objet de l'invention Object of the invention
Un objet de l'invention consiste à prévoir un procédé de houssage et thermoscellage qui est rapide à mettre en œuvre et/ou qui est plus économique que les procédés de l'art antérieur pour former une enveloppe solidaire de la charge et/ou du support. An object of the invention is to provide a method of foaming and heat sealing which is quick to implement and / or which is more economical than the methods of the prior art to form a shell integral with the load and / or support .
Le procédé de houssage et thermoscellage est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte : The process of foaming and heat sealing is remarkable in that it comprises:
- Fournir la charge disposée sur un support, - Provide the load arranged on a support,
- Enfiler la housse sur la charge en la tirant vers le bas de manière à venir face à une zone de fixation, - Put the cover on the load by pulling it downwards so as to face a fastening area,
- Thermosceller la housse avec la zone de fixation. - Heat seal the cover with the fixing area.
Le procédé est remarquable en ce que la zone de fixation est formée par au moins un anneau de film plastique sous contrainte autour du support et/ou de la charge avant le thermoscellage. The method is remarkable in that the attachment zone is formed by at least one plastic film ring under stress around the support and / or the load before heat sealing.
Dans un développement, l'anneau de film plastique est formé par au moins une spire. In a development, the plastic film ring is formed by at least one turn.
De manière avantageuse, l'anneau de film plastique comporte au moins une bande plate. Advantageously, the plastic film ring comprises at least one flat strip.
Il est également avantageux de prévoir que l'anneau de film plastique comporte au moins un toron destiné à venir en contact direct de la housse.
Dans un autre développement, la zone de fixation comporte uniquement une ou deux spires formées par un toron de film plastique. It is also advantageous to provide that the plastic film ring has at least one strand intended to come into direct contact with the cover. In another development, the attachment zone comprises only one or two turns formed by a strand of plastic film.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'anneau de film plastique est formé autour du support. In a particular embodiment, the plastic film ring is formed around the support.
De manière avantageuse, le support est une palette comportant un plancher surmontant au moins deux patins de palette, l'anneau de film plastique film étant formé autour du plancher. Advantageously, the support is a pallet comprising a floor surmounting at least two pallet pads, the plastic film film ring being formed around the floor.
Il est encore avantageux de prévoir que l'anneau de film plastique soit formé autour de la charge. It is further advantageous to provide that the plastic film ring is formed around the load.
Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, la zone de fixation comporte une pluralité de spires formées par une bande de film plastique, les spires consécutives se chevauchant. In a preferred embodiment, the attachment zone comprises a plurality of turns formed by a strip of plastic film, the consecutive turns overlapping.
Avantageusement, la housse est tendue lors de l'étape de thermoscellage. II est encore possible de prévoir que la zone de fixation soit formée après mise en contact de la charge avec le support et avant enfilage de la housse. Advantageously, the cover is stretched during the heat sealing step. It is still possible to provide that the attachment zone is formed after contacting the load with the support and before threading the cover.
De manière avantageuse, la zone de fixation est formée avant mise en contact de la charge avec le support. Advantageously, the attachment zone is formed before bringing the load into contact with the support.
Un autre objet de l'invention consiste en un dispositif de houssage et thermoscellage qui est plus efficace que les dispositifs de l'art antérieur pour former une enveloppe étanche à l'eau. Le dispositif de houssage et thermoscellage est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte :
- un dispositif de banderolage configuré pour délivrer un film plastique formant au moins une spire autour d'une charge ou d'un support supportant la charge, la au moins une spire formant une zone de fixation,Another object of the invention is a foaming and heat sealing device which is more effective than prior art devices in forming a watertight envelope. The device for foaming and heat sealing is remarkable in that it comprises: a wrapping device configured to deliver a plastic film forming at least one turn around a load or a support carrying the load, the at least one turn forming a fixing zone,
- des moyens pour enfiler une housse sur la charge en tirant la housse vers le bas, les moyens pour enfiler la housse étant configurés pour que la housse vienne face à la zone de fixation, - Means for putting a cover on the load by pulling the cover down, the means for threading the cover being configured so that the cover comes face to the attachment area,
- des moyens de thermoscellage configurés pour thermosceller la housse à la zone de fixation, heat-sealing means configured to heat-seal the cover to the attachment zone,
- un circuit de commande configuré pour commander l'actionnement des moyens de thermoscellage après l'enfilage de la housse de sorte que la housse soit face à la zone de fixation lors du thermoscellage. - A control circuit configured to control the actuation of the heat sealing means after threading the cover so that the cover is facing the fixing area during heat sealing.
Description sommaire des dessins Brief description of the drawings
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
- les figures 1 et 2 représentent, de manière schématique, deux étapes d'un premier procédé de houssage selon l'art antérieur, FIGS. 1 and 2 show, schematically, two steps of a first foaming process according to the prior art,
- les figures 3 et 4 représentent, de manière schématique, deux étapes d'un deuxième procédé de houssage selon l'art antérieur, FIGS. 3 and 4 show, schematically, two steps of a second foaming process according to the prior art,
- les figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 et 12 représentent, de manière schématique, différents modes de réalisation d'un point de fixation d'un procédé de houssage selon l'invention. - Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 and 12 show, schematically, different embodiments of an attachment point of a foaming process according to the invention.
Description détaillée
Le procédé de recouvrement d'une charge est plus précisément un procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage. Le procédé comporte une première étape de fourniture d'une charge 1 disposée sur un support 2. La charge 1 peut avoir une forme quelconque. Par exemple, la charge 1 peut présenter une section carré, rectangulaire ou circulaire. La charge 1 est disposée sur un support 2 qui est avantageusement une palette, mais il est possible d'utiliser un autre type de support 2. Le support 2 peut avoir une forme quelconque. De manière préférentielle, la section horizontale de la charge 1 présente la même forme que la section horizontale du support 2 ce qui facilite le maintien de la charge 1 . detailed description The method of covering a load is more precisely a process of covering and heat sealing. The method comprises a first step of providing a load 1 disposed on a support 2. The load 1 can have any shape. For example, the load 1 may have a square, rectangular or circular section. The load 1 is disposed on a support 2 which is advantageously a pallet, but it is possible to use another type of support 2. The support 2 can have any shape. Preferably, the horizontal section of the load 1 has the same shape as the horizontal section of the support 2 which facilitates the maintenance of the load 1.
Une housse 3, également appelée gaine, est installée sur la charge 1 de manière à recouvrir la charge 1 . Comme illustré aux figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 et 12, la housse 3 recouvre le sommet et au moins partiellement les parois latérales de la charge 1 . De manière avantageuse, la housse 3 recouvre les parois latérales de la charge 1 sur toute la longueur. A cover 3, also called sheath, is installed on the load 1 so as to cover the load 1. As illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, the cover 3 covers the top and at least partially the side walls of the load 1. Advantageously, the cover 3 covers the side walls of the load 1 over the entire length.
Dans un mode de réalisation privilégié, le bas de la housse 3 fait face au support 2. In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the cover 3 faces the support 2.
La housse 3 est installée en l'enfilant vers le bas de sorte qu'une partie de la housse vienne en face d'une zone de fixation 4. Une étape de thermoscellage est ensuite réalisée de manière à thermosceller la housse 3 avec la zone de fixation 4. Le thermoscellage va créer une connexion mécanique entre la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4. Le thermoscellage est réalisé en chauffant la housse 3 et le point de fixation 4.
Dans l'art antérieur, la zone de fixation 4 était formée par un tapis de sol qui devait être installé avant la charge 1 ce qui rendait le procédé de fabrication plus complexe et plus onéreux. Les inventeurs ont observé qu'il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser au moins un anneau d'un film plastique pour former la zone de fixation 4. L'anneau entoure complètement la charge 1 et/ou le support 2 dans un plan de coupe qui est préférentiellement un plan de coupe horizontale. L'anneau est sous contrainte de sorte qu'il serre la charge 1 et/ou le support 2 afin de limiter voire empêcher un déplacement vertical de l'anneau et de la housse 3 lorsqu'une contrainte verticale est appliquée sur la housse 3. L'anneau exerce une contrainte sur les parois latérales de la charge et/ou du support 2. Il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser un film étirable afin d'avoir une meilleure gestion de la force de serrage. En effet, lors du serrage, il est possible d'utiliser une partie de la mémoire élastique du film qui compense des déformations en température. Le document JP S57-8634 ne propose pas de contrôler la rétraction de la housse ni la fixation de la housse aux parois latérales de la charge et/ou de la palette car la housse est fixée sous le rebord inférieur de la palette. The cover 3 is installed by threading it down so that a portion of the cover comes in front of a fastening zone 4. A heat-sealing step is then performed so as to heat-seal the cover 3 with the contact area. 4. The heat seal will create a mechanical connection between the cover 3 and the fixing zone 4. The heat-sealing is achieved by heating the cover 3 and the fixing point 4. In the prior art, the attachment zone 4 was formed by a floor mat that had to be installed before the load 1, which made the manufacturing process more complex and more expensive. The inventors have observed that it is particularly advantageous to use at least one ring of a plastic film to form the fixing zone 4. The ring completely surrounds the load 1 and / or the support 2 in a cutting plane which is preferably a horizontal sectional plane. The ring is under stress so that it clamps the load 1 and / or the support 2 to limit or even prevent vertical movement of the ring and the cover 3 when a vertical stress is applied to the cover 3. The ring exerts a stress on the side walls of the load and / or support 2. It is particularly advantageous to use a stretch film in order to have better management of the clamping force. Indeed, during tightening, it is possible to use a portion of the elastic memory of the film which compensates for temperature deformations. JP S57-8634 does not propose to control the shrinkage of the cover or the attachment of the cover to the side walls of the load and / or the pallet because the cover is fixed under the lower edge of the pallet.
Selon les modes de réalisation, le film plastique utilisé pour former l'anneau peut être un film plastique rétractable, c'est-à-dire à un film dont la longueur et/ou la largeur diminue lorsqu'on le chauffe. Il est également possible de prévoir que le film plastique soit réalisé dans un film étirable, c'est-à-dire un film peut être déformé plastiquement par traction. Selon les configurations, le film étirable peut être étiré avant son utilisation pour former l'anneau. According to the embodiments, the plastic film used to form the ring may be a shrinkable plastic film, that is to say a film whose length and / or width decreases when heated. It is also possible to provide that the plastic film is made in a stretch film, that is to say a film can be deformed plastically by traction. According to the configurations, the stretch film can be stretched before use to form the ring.
Il est particulièrement avantageux de réaliser l'anneau au moyen d'une ou de plusieurs spires. Ce mode de réalisation est facile à réaliser et il permet de gérer plus facilement la contrainte autour de la charge 1 et/ou du support 2. En effet, si l'anneau est initialement déposé sous la forme d'un anneau fermé
en matériau thermorétractable, cela nécessite une étape de manutention pour placer l'anneau qui est légèrement plus grand que la palette pour profiter pleinement de la rétraction et obtenir la force de serrage désirée. En réalisant l'anneau par banderolage, il est possible de mieux maîtriser la force de serrage et donc le maintien mécanique qui existe entre la housse et la palette sans faire passer la housse sous la palette. L'anneau peut être formé par tout matériau plastique adapté, par exemple par un matériau thermorétractable ou par un matériau étirable. De manière avantageuse, la force de serrage appliquée sur l'anneau est comprise entre 0,2daN et 2daN. Cependant, dans le cadre du maintien de charges lourdes ou instables et qui nécessitent d'avoir des efforts de contraintes plus importants par la housse, il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser une force de serrage comprise entre 2daN et 10daN. L'homme du métier gardera à l'esprit que l'intensité du serrage est dépendante du matériau formant la palette ou la charge, du matériau formant le film plastique ainsi que de la force de rétraction de la housse à contenir. L'intensité de la force de serrage peut être déterminée réalisant un anneau autour d'un support et en tirant sur cet anneau, par exemple avec un dynamomètre. Lorsque l'anneau a été déplacé du support de 100mm, on mesure la force associée. It is particularly advantageous to make the ring by means of one or more turns. This embodiment is easy to implement and it makes it easier to manage the stress around the load 1 and / or the support 2. Indeed, if the ring is initially deposited in the form of a closed ring in heat-shrinkable material, this requires a handling step to place the ring which is slightly larger than the pallet to take full advantage of the retraction and obtain the desired clamping force. By making the ring by wrapping, it is possible to better control the clamping force and therefore the mechanical maintenance that exists between the cover and the pallet without putting the cover under the pallet. The ring may be formed of any suitable plastic material, for example, a heat-shrinkable material or a stretchable material. Advantageously, the clamping force applied to the ring is between 0.2daN and 2daN. However, in the context of the maintenance of heavy or unstable loads and which require greater stress efforts by the cover, it is particularly advantageous to use a clamping force of between 2daN and 10daN. The person skilled in the art will keep in mind that the intensity of the clamping is dependent on the material forming the pallet or the load, the material forming the plastic film and the retraction force of the cover to contain. The intensity of the clamping force can be determined by making a ring around a support and pulling on this ring, for example with a dynamometer. When the ring has been moved from the 100mm support, the associated force is measured.
La spire de film plastique est avantageusement réalisée par banderolage qui est une technique bien connue et maîtrisée ce qui permet de former au moins une spire qui fait le tour de la charge 1 et/ou du support 2 afin de définir la zone de fixation 4. Par banderolage, il est possible de définir facilement la tension appliquée à la spire ou aux multiples spires de manière à s'adapter facilement aux contraintes de fabrication, de thermoscellage et de manutention. De manière avantageuse, la zone de fixation 4 est formée par une spire ou par une pluralité de spires. De préférence, les spires consécutives se
recouvrent au moins partiellement pour améliorer la tenue mécanique du thermoscellage. Préférentiellement, la zone de fixation 4 comporte moins de dix spires afin de ne pas former une zone de fixation trop large, ni trop volumineuse et de ne pas pénaliser la durée du procédé de réalisation avec une étape de formation de la zone de fixation 4 trop longue. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la zone de fixation 4 comporte uniquement une ou deux spires car cela permet de réaliser une zone de fixation 4 avec une bonne tenue mécanique à la charge 1 et une durée de réalisation réduite. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, les spires de la zone de fixation 4 peuvent être par exemple des bandes plates ou des torons. Par toron, on entend que la spire est formée par plusieurs films plastiques qui sont enchevêtrés pour former un toron. En alternative et par abus de langage, le toron peut être formé par un seul film plastique qui est rétréci latéralement afin de former un cylindre plein ou sensiblement plein ayant la forme générale d'un toron ou d'un tube. Le toron peut être formé par un film plastique plat qui est plié ou torsadé pour en faire un élément tridimensionnel. La bande représente un film plastique sensiblement bidimensionnel, c'est-à-dire avec une largeur et une longueur très supérieures à l'épaisseur du film. L'épaisseur est de préférence inférieure à 1 mm. La bande se déforme pour s'adapter à la topographie de la charge 1 ou du support 2. The plastic film turn is advantageously carried out by wrapping which is a well-known and controlled technique which makes it possible to form at least one turn which circles the load 1 and / or the support 2 in order to define the fastening zone 4. By wrapping, it is possible to easily define the tension applied to the turn or multiple turns so as to easily adapt to the constraints of manufacture, heat sealing and handling. Advantageously, the attachment zone 4 is formed by a turn or by a plurality of turns. Preferably, the consecutive turns cover at least partially to improve the mechanical strength of the heat seal. Preferably, the fixing zone 4 comprises less than ten turns in order not to form a too wide or too large fixing zone and not to penalize the duration of the production process with a step of forming the fixing zone 4 too much. long. In a particular embodiment, the fastening zone 4 comprises only one or two turns because it allows to achieve a fastening zone 4 with good mechanical strength to the load 1 and a reduced duration of implementation. In a particular embodiment, the turns of the fixing zone 4 may be for example flat strips or strands. By strand means that the coil is formed by several plastic films which are entangled to form a strand. Alternatively and by misnomer, the strand may be formed of a single plastic film which is laterally narrowed to form a solid or substantially solid cylinder having the general shape of a strand or tube. The strand can be formed by a flat plastic film which is folded or twisted into a three-dimensional element. The strip represents a substantially two-dimensional plastic film, that is to say with a width and a length much greater than the thickness of the film. The thickness is preferably less than 1 mm. The band is deformed to adapt to the topography of the load 1 or the support 2.
Selon les configurations, il est possible de former la zone de fixation 4 au moyen d'un ou plusieurs torons ou au moyen d'une ou plusieurs bandes plates. Il est également possible de former la zone de fixation 4 au moyen d'un ou plusieurs torons associés à une ou plusieurs bandes plates. La réalisation d'un ou plusieurs torons est illustrée aux figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 et
Par zone de fixation comportant un ou plusieurs torons, on entend que le ou les torons forment au moins un anneau continu de film plissé, c'est-à-dire un tour complet de film plissé autour de la charge et/ou de la palette. Cette configuration permet de mieux gérer la contrainte dans le film et ainsi mieux gérer la rétraction de la housse. Pour gérer la contrainte du toron, le film est déposé directement plissé ou enchevêtré sur les parois latérales de la charge et/ou de la palette. Depending on the configuration, it is possible to form the attachment zone 4 by means of one or more strands or by means of one or more flat strips. It is also possible to form the attachment zone 4 by means of one or more strands associated with one or more flat strips. The production of one or more strands is illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 and By fixing zone comprising one or more strands, it is meant that the strand or strands form at least one continuous ring of pleated film, that is to say a complete turn of pleated film around the load and / or the pallet . This configuration makes it possible to better manage the stress in the film and thus better manage the retraction of the cover. To handle the stress of the strand, the film is deposited directly pleated or entangled on the side walls of the load and / or the pallet.
Dans le document WO 94/22719, la bande d'accrochage est déposée sous la forme d'une bande plate qui est déposée sur des butées pour éviter le contact direct entre la bande d'accrochage et la paroi latérale de la palette. De cette manière, il n'est pas possible de gérer efficacement la contrainte dans la bande d'accrochage car la contrainte diminue après retrait des butées et une contrainte trop importante ne peut pas être appliquée sous peine de voir la bande d'accrochage se détériorer lors de la soudure des plis. In WO 94/22719, the fastening strip is deposited in the form of a flat strip which is deposited on abutments to prevent direct contact between the fastening strip and the side wall of the pallet. In this way, it is not possible to effectively manage the stress in the fastening strip because the stress decreases after removal of the stops and too much stress can not be applied under penalty of seeing the fastening strip deteriorate during the welding of the folds.
L'utilisation d'une zone de fixation 4 comportant au moins une spire complète formée par un toron, c'est-à-dire un anneau de film plissé permet de créer une zone de fixation 4 sous contrainte qui assure la fixation mécanique entre la housse 3 et la paroi latérale de la charge 1 et/ou du support 2 après l'étape de chauffage appliquée pour obtenir la rétraction de la housse 3 et sans que la rétraction de la housse 3 ne déplace la zone de fixation 4 trop vers le haut de la charge 1 . II a été observé que l'utilisation d'une zone de fixation 4 formée par uniquement une ou plusieurs bandes planes de film plastique se traduit par la déformation de la zone de fixation et/ou de la housse 3 entraînant l'apparition de déchirures. Même s'il est possible de former une zone de fixation 4 avec uniquement une ou plusieurs bandes planes, il est apparu que les conditions opératoires pour former une zone de fixation 4 résistante sont nettement plus difficiles à obtenir que pour un toron. Les conditions
opératoires sont plus dépendantes de l'épaisseur du film formant la housse, la température du recuit pour obtenir la rétraction de la housse, l'épaisseur du matériau formant la zone de fixation et son taux d'étirage. Il est également apparu que l'utilisation d'un toron permet de mieux conserver la contrainte appliquée sur la palette 2 ou la charge 1 par banderolage en comparaison d'une bande plane. The use of a fastening zone 4 comprising at least one complete turn formed by a strand, that is to say a ring of pleated film makes it possible to create a fastening zone 4 under stress which ensures the mechanical fixing between the cover 3 and the side wall of the load 1 and / or the support 2 after the heating step applied to obtain the retraction of the cover 3 and without the retraction of the cover 3 moves the fixing zone 4 too much towards the top of charge 1. It has been observed that the use of a fastening zone 4 formed by only one or more flat strips of plastic film results in the deformation of the fastening zone and / or the cover 3 causing the appearance of tears. Although it is possible to form a fastening zone 4 with only one or more flat strips, it has been found that the operating conditions for forming a resistant fastening zone 4 are much more difficult to obtain than for a strand. Conditions The operations are more dependent on the thickness of the film forming the cover, the temperature of the annealing to obtain the shrinkage of the cover, the thickness of the material forming the fastening zone and its draw ratio. It has also been found that the use of a strand makes it possible to better preserve the stress applied to the pallet 2 or the load 1 by wrapping in comparison with a flat strip.
Lors de l'étape de thermoscellage, le matériau formant la housse 3 réagit avec le matériau formant la zone de fixation 4 de manière à créer une connexion mécanique. Il a été observé que la fixation mécanique semble de meilleure qualité lorsque la spire de la zone de fixation 4 qui vient en contact direct de la housse 3 est formée par un toron. En d'autres termes, la zone de fixation 4 comporte au moins un toron qui vient en contact direct de la housse 3 lors de l'étape de thermoscellage. During the heat-sealing step, the material forming the cover 3 reacts with the material forming the attachment zone 4 so as to create a mechanical connection. It has been observed that the mechanical attachment seems to be of better quality when the turn of the fastening zone 4 which comes into direct contact with the cover 3 is formed by a strand. In other words, the attachment zone 4 comprises at least one strand which comes into direct contact with the cover 3 during the heat-sealing step.
Des essais préparatoires semblent montrer que le thermoscellage entre le toron et la housse 3 est d'aussi bonne qualité que le thermoscellage entre le tapis de sol et la housse 3 des procédés de l'art antérieur. Il semble donc avantageux d'utiliser un toron pour assurer un thermoscellage efficace car les conditions opératoires du thermoscellage apparaissent moins contraignantes. Preparatory tests seem to show that the heat-sealing between the strand and the cover 3 is of as good quality as the heat-sealing between the floor mat and the cover 3 of the processes of the prior art. It therefore seems advantageous to use a strand to ensure effective heat sealing because the operating conditions of heat sealing appear less restrictive.
Sans vouloir être liés par aucune théorie, les inventeurs pensent que le surplus de matière à chauffer pour le toron est compensé par sa configuration statique tout au long du thermoscellage. Ainsi, même si le toron monte moins vite en température, il est plus facile d'assurer un contact continu entre la housse 3 et le toron. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that the surplus of material to be heated for the strand is compensated for by its static configuration throughout the heat sealing. Thus, even if the strand rises less quickly in temperature, it is easier to ensure continuous contact between the cover 3 and the strand.
Le document JP S57-8634 propose d'utiliser une bande plate de film thermoplastique et non un toron car il est enseigné de recouvrir la palette et le bas de la charge avec le même film pour éviter le désalignement entre ces
deux éléments et ainsi éviter d'utiliser des housses très longues. Le document ne fournit aucun information sur la contrainte appliquée dans la bande de renforcement car il est prévu que la bande de renforcement et la housse prennent appui sur le rebord inférieur de la palette pour éviter un trop grand rétrécissement de la housse. JP S57-8634 proposes to use a flat strip of thermoplastic film and not a strand because it is taught to cover the pallet and the bottom of the load with the same film to avoid the misalignment between these two elements and avoid using very long covers. The document provides no information on the stress applied in the reinforcing strip because it is expected that the reinforcing strip and the cover rest on the lower edge of the pallet to prevent too much shrinkage of the cover.
La bande de renforcement n'est pas mise sous contrainte car elle est uniquement configurée pour empêcher le désalignement entre la charge et la palette. La bande de renforcement n'est pas prévue pour assurer la connexion mécanique entre les parois latérales de la charge et/ou de la palette avec la housse. Comme indiqué plus haut, la housse prend appui sur le bord inférieur de la palette lors du rétrécissement de la housse ce qui impose d'avoir une housse qui descend sous la palette. L'utilisation d'une zone de fixation 4 formée par une ou plusieurs spires et avantageusement par banderolage permet d'installer de manière précise la zone de fixation 4 sur le support 2 et/ou sur la charge 1 . Il n'y a plus, comme dans l'art antérieur, le recouvrement complet des parois latérales du support 2 afin de prendre fixation sous le support 2. The reinforcing tape is not stressed because it is uniquely configured to prevent misalignment between the load and the pallet. The reinforcing strip is not intended to provide the mechanical connection between the side walls of the load and / or the pallet with the cover. As indicated above, the cover bears on the lower edge of the pallet during the shrinkage of the cover which requires having a cover that goes below the pallet. The use of a fastening zone 4 formed by one or more turns and advantageously by wrapping makes it possible to precisely install the fastening zone 4 on the support 2 and / or on the load 1. There is no longer, as in the prior art, the complete covering of the side walls of the support 2 in order to fix under the support 2.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la zone de fixation est formée par plusieurs spires de film dont la contrainte varie entre les spires. Il est préférable de prévoir que la dernière spire en contact avec la housse 3 (avantageusement un toron) soit moins contrainte qu'une ou plusieurs spires se trouvant entre la dernière spire et la charge ou la palette. Dans cette configuration, il a été observé qu'il est plus facile de réaliser une zone de fixation 4 ayant une contrainte importante pour fixer la housse 3 à la charge 1 ou à la palette 2 tout en réduisant la probabilité de voir la dernière spire se détériorer lors de sa fixation à la housse 3. Il a été observé que plus la spire est contrainte en tension et plus elle se détériore lors du chauffage. La
détérioration peut se traduire par la déchirure de la spire ou par un allongement important qui réduit la contrainte initiale. In a particular embodiment, the attachment zone is formed by a plurality of film turns whose stress varies between the turns. It is preferable to provide that the last turn in contact with the cover 3 (advantageously a strand) is less constrained than one or more turns located between the last turn and the load or the pallet. In this configuration, it has been observed that it is easier to make a fixing zone 4 having a significant constraint to fix the cover 3 to the load 1 or to the pallet 2 while reducing the probability of seeing the last turn deteriorate when attached to the cover 3. It has been observed that the more the coil is stressed and the more it deteriorates during heating. The deterioration may result in tearing of the coil or a significant lengthening which reduces the initial stress.
Il a été observé de très bons résultats avec une zone de fixation 4 formée par plusieurs spires serrées consécutives ou non, c'est-à-dire dont la contrainte est supérieure à une valeur seuil pour assurer une bonne fixation mécanique entre la zone de fixation 4 et la charge 1 ou le support 2, recouvertes par plusieurs spires consécutives moins serrées c'est-à-dire dont la contrainte est inférieure à la valeur seuil pour assurer que le recuit de thermoscellage ne dégrade pas trop la ou les spires destinées à se fondre avec la housse 3. Very good results have been observed with a fastening zone 4 formed by several consecutive tightened turns or not, that is to say the stress of which is greater than a threshold value to ensure a good mechanical fastening between the fastening zone. 4 and the load 1 or the support 2, covered by several consecutive turns less tight that is to say whose stress is less than the threshold value to ensure that the heat sealing annealing does not degrade too much or the turns intended to melt with the cover 3.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser une zone de fixation 4 qui comporte plusieurs spires disposées les unes sur les autres. Le recuit appliqué pour fixer la housse 3 avec la zone de fixation 4 est préférentiellement configuré de manière à obtenir le thermoscellage de la dernière spire qui se trouve en contact de la housse 3 et le soudage/collage de la dernière spire avec l'avant-dernière spire. Lors du thermoscellage, les matériaux formant la dernière spire et la housse 3 fusionnent de sorte qu'il est difficile de discerner une interface entre ces deux couches après recuit. En revanche, il est possible de discerner l'interface entre la dernière spire et l'avant dernière spire après recuit ou entre deux autre spires après recuit. Il est avantageux de prévoir que le recuit soit configuré pour éviter de fondre toutes les spires, en d'autres termes le recuit est configuré pour qu'au moins une spires reste sous sa température de fusion. In a particular embodiment, it is particularly advantageous to use a fastening zone 4 which has a plurality of turns arranged one on the other. The annealing applied to fix the cover 3 with the fixing zone 4 is preferably configured so as to obtain the heat-sealing of the last turn which is in contact with the cover 3 and the welding / bonding of the last turn with the front-end. last turn. During heat sealing, the materials forming the last turn and the cover 3 merge so that it is difficult to discern an interface between these two layers after annealing. On the other hand, it is possible to discern the interface between the last turn and the penultimate turn after annealing or between two other turns after annealing. It is advantageous to provide that the annealing is configured to avoid melting all the turns, in other words the annealing is configured so that at least one coil remains below its melting temperature.
A titre d'exemple, l'étape de recuit est réalisée en plusieurs passages successifs du chauffage afin de diminuer le nombre de calories fourni à la zone de fixation 4 par passage et éviter de fondre toutes les spires.
Dans une configuration particulière, il est proposé d'appuyer sur la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4 lors du recuit pour améliorer la connexion mécanique entre la housse 3 et le support 2 ou la charge 1 . II est également possible de chauffer la zone de fixation 4 formée par plusieurs spires pour améliorer le contact entre les spires et faciliter le collage. Cette configuration permet de moins chauffer la zone de fixation 4 lors du chauffage de la housse 3. Le chauffage de la zone de fixation 4 peut être réalisé par tout moyen connu. By way of example, the annealing step is carried out in several successive passes of the heating in order to reduce the number of calories supplied to the fixing zone 4 per passage and to avoid melting all the turns. In a particular configuration, it is proposed to press the cover 3 and the attachment zone 4 during annealing to improve the mechanical connection between the cover 3 and the support 2 or the load 1. It is also possible to heat the fixing zone 4 formed by several turns to improve the contact between the turns and to facilitate bonding. This configuration makes it possible to heat the fixing zone 4 less during the heating of the cover 3. The heating of the fixing zone 4 can be achieved by any known means.
Dans le cas où le support 2 est une palette, il est particulièrement avantageux de former les spires de manière à recouvrir les parois latérales qui font faces au plancher de la palette. Le plancher est formé par une planche sensiblement horizontale qui surmonte les patins de la palette, par exemple au moins deux patins de la palette. Le plancher et les patins définissent les orifices de manutention de la palette. In the case where the support 2 is a pallet, it is particularly advantageous to form the turns so as to cover the side walls which face the floor of the pallet. The floor is formed by a substantially horizontal board that overcomes the pads of the pallet, for example at least two pads of the pallet. The floor and the skids define the handling holes of the pallet.
L'anneau étant formé sous tension, le film plastique ne pend pas. Cette configuration réduit les risques d'accrochages non désirés de la palette avec un engin de manutention. Par ailleurs, les dimensions verticales de l'anneau peuvent être adaptées aux dimensions de la palette pour éviter tout recouvrement non désiré des trous de manutention. The ring being formed under tension, the plastic film does not hang. This configuration reduces the risk of unwanted clashes of the pallet with a handling machine. In addition, the vertical dimensions of the ring can be adapted to the dimensions of the pallet to avoid any undesired recovery of the handling holes.
De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le film plastique ne recouvre pas les orifices de manutention de la palette. En cas de recouvrement des orifices de la palette, ce recouvrement est partiel et uniquement sur la partie supérieure de la palette ce qui réduit les risques d'accrochage avec les engins de manutention. II est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que la hauteur de la housse 3 soit configurée pour ne pas obstruer les orifices de manutention du support
2, ici de la palette. Il est également avantageux de prévoir que la housse 3 soit une housse thermorétractable. De cette manière, lors de l'étape de thermoscellage ou dans une étape à suivre, il est possible d'avoir la rétraction de la partie basse de la housse 3 qui se trouve sous la connexion mécanique avec la zone de fixation 4 ce qui permet de réduire le taux d'obturation des orifices de manutention et les risques de coincement avec les engins de manutention. Particularly advantageously, the plastic film does not cover the handling holes of the pallet. In case of recovery of the openings of the pallet, this overlap is partial and only on the upper part of the pallet which reduces the risk of attachment with the handling equipment. It is particularly advantageous to provide that the height of the cover 3 is configured so as not to obstruct the support handling orifices. 2, here from the palette. It is also advantageous to provide that the cover 3 is a heat-shrinkable cover. In this way, during the heat-sealing step or in a step to follow, it is possible to have the retraction of the lower part of the cover 3 which is under the mechanical connection with the attachment zone 4, which allows to reduce the closing rate of the handling ports and the risk of jamming with the handling equipment.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la zone de fixation 4 est formée uniquement sur le support 2, c'est-à-dire que la spire ou les spires ne font face qu'au support dans le plan de la spire. La zone de fixation 4 est dépourvue de contact avec la charge 1 . Dans une alternative de réalisation, la zone de fixation 4 est formée uniquement sur la charge 1 , c'est-à-dire que la spire ou les spires ne font face qu'à la charge 1 dans le plan de la spire. La zone de fixation 4 est dépourvue de contact avec le support 2. In one embodiment, the fastening zone 4 is formed only on the support 2, that is to say that the turn or the turns face only the support in the plane of the turn. The fixing zone 4 is devoid of contact with the load 1. In an alternative embodiment, the fixing zone 4 is formed only on the load 1, that is to say that the turn or the turns face only the load 1 in the plane of the turn. The fixing zone 4 is devoid of contact with the support 2.
Dans encore un autre mode de réalisation, il est possible de réaliser la zone de fixation 4 en partie sur le support 2 et en partie sur la charge 1 . Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, une seule zone de fixation 4 est réalisée. Dans une alternative de réalisation, plusieurs zones de fixation 4 sont réalisées. Une ou plusieurs étapes de thermoscellage peuvent être réalisées afin de fixer la housse 3 aux multiples zones de fixation 4. En utilisant plusieurs zones de fixation 4, il est possible de mieux gérer la fixation de la charge avec la housse 3 et par exemple mieux gérer la contrainte verticale qui apparaît après une thermorétraction verticale. In yet another embodiment, it is possible to make the fixing zone 4 partly on the support 2 and partly on the load 1. In a particular embodiment, a single attachment zone 4 is made. In an alternative embodiment, several attachment zones 4 are made. One or more heat sealing steps can be carried out in order to fix the cover 3 to the multiple fixing zones 4. By using several attachment zones 4, it is possible to better manage the attachment of the load with the cover 3 and, for example, better manage the vertical stress that appears after vertical heat shrinkage.
Lors de l'étape de thermoscellage, il est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que la housse 3 soit tendue. La tension peut être appliquée en tirant la housse 3 vers le bas.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la zone de fixation 4 est formée sur le support 2 et/ou sur la charge 1 après que le support 2 et la charge 1 aient été mis en contact. En d'autres termes, le support 2 et la charge 1 sont fournis et l'anneau formant la zone de fixation 4 est installé. Dans un tel mode de réalisation, il est particulièrement avantageux de réaliser l'anneau au moyen d'une étape de banderolage. During the heat-sealing step, it is particularly advantageous to provide that the cover 3 is stretched. The tension can be applied by pulling the cover 3 down. In a particular embodiment, the attachment zone 4 is formed on the support 2 and / or on the load 1 after the support 2 and the load 1 have been brought into contact. In other words, the support 2 and the load 1 are provided and the ring forming the attachment zone 4 is installed. In such an embodiment, it is particularly advantageous to make the ring by means of a wrapping step.
La zone de fixation 4 est avantageusement réalisée avant de déposer la housse 3 car cela facilite grandement la réalisation de la zone de fixation 4. The fixing zone 4 is advantageously made before depositing the cover 3 as this greatly facilitates the realization of the fixing zone 4.
Dans une alternative de réalisation, la zone de fixation 4 est formée sur le support 2 avant de lui adjoindre la charge 1 . Il est alors possible de préparer à l'avance les zones de fixation 4 sur les supports 2 et ensuite de les utiliser pour fixer la housse 3 au support 2. In an alternative embodiment, the fastening zone 4 is formed on the support 2 before adding the load 1 thereto. It is then possible to prepare in advance the fixing zones 4 on the supports 2 and then to use them to fix the cover 3 to the support 2.
Il est encore possible de former la zone de fixation 4 sur la charge 1 et ensuite de placer la charge 1 sur le support 2. It is still possible to form the attachment zone 4 on the load 1 and then to place the load 1 on the support 2.
S'il n'existe qu'une seule zone de fixation 4 sur la charge 1 , la housse 3 peut être configurée pour ne pas venir en face du support 2. If there is only one attachment zone 4 on the load 1, the cover 3 can be configured not to come opposite the support 2.
Bien entendu, lorsque la housse 3 est associée à plusieurs zones de fixation 4, il est possible de réaliser certaines zones de fixation 4 avant de disposer la charge 1 sur le support 2 et d'autres après la mise en contact. Of course, when the cover 3 is associated with several attachment zones 4, it is possible to achieve certain attachment areas 4 before arranging the load 1 on the support 2 and others after contacting.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le procédé comporte une étape de rétraction verticale de la housse 3. La rétraction de la housse peut être réalisée avant l'étape de thermoscellage ou après l'étape de thermoscellage. In a particular embodiment, the method comprises a step of vertical retraction of the cover 3. The shrinkage of the cover can be performed before the heat-sealing step or after the heat-sealing step.
La rétraction de la housse 3 permet de réduire la hauteur de la housse 3 et ainsi appliquer une pression entre le support 2 et la charge 1 au moyen de la
housse 3 qui prend appui sur le support 2 par l'intermédiaire de la zone de fixation 4. The retraction of the cover 3 reduces the height of the cover 3 and thus apply a pressure between the support 2 and the load 1 by means of the cover 3 which bears on the support 2 via the attachment zone 4.
La rétraction de la housse 3 peut être réalisée après la fixation de la housse 3 avec la zone de fixation 4. Dans ce cas de figure, la housse 3 peut être tendue lors du thermoscellage afin d'améliorer la tenue mécanique de la fixation entre la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4. Cependant, il est également possible de ne pas tendre la housse 3. En alternative, une rétraction partielle de la housse 3 peut être réalisée avant de sceller la housse 3 avec la zone de fixation 4 et une rétraction partielle est réalisée après avoir scellé la housse 3 avec la zone de fixation 4. Là encore, il est avantageux de tendre la housse 3 avant l'étape de thermoscellage, mais il est également possible de ne pas tendre la housse 3. The retraction of the cover 3 can be performed after the fixing of the cover 3 with the fixing zone 4. In this case, the cover 3 can be tensioned during heat sealing to improve the mechanical strength of the binding between the However, it is also possible not to stretch the cover 3. Alternatively, a partial retraction of the cover 3 can be performed before sealing the cover 3 with the attachment zone 4 and a partial retraction is performed after sealing the cover 3 with the attachment zone 4. Again, it is advantageous to tighten the cover 3 before the heat sealing step, but it is also possible not to stretch the cover 3.
Il est encore possible de prévoir que la rétraction verticale de la housse 3 soit engagée avant le thermoscellage entre la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4. Cependant, dans ce mode de réalisation, il est particulièrement avantageux de tendre la housse 3 afin de retarder la rétraction et assurer la mise en contact de la zone de fixation 4 avec la housse 3. Ce mode de réalisation permet d'assurer une bonne fixation mécanique entre la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4. It is still possible to provide for the vertical shrinkage of the cover 3 to be engaged before the heat-sealing between the cover 3 and the attachment zone 4. However, in this embodiment, it is particularly advantageous to stretch the cover 3 in order to delay the retraction and ensure the contacting of the fastening zone 4 with the cover 3. This embodiment ensures a good mechanical fastening between the cover 3 and the fastening zone 4.
La rétraction est avantageusement réalisée en chauffant la housse 3 avec des moyens de chauffage. Cette configuration permet d'utiliser les mêmes moyens de chauffage pour réaliser la rétraction et le thermoscellage. The retraction is advantageously carried out by heating the cover 3 with heating means. This configuration allows the same heating means to be used for retraction and heat sealing.
Lors de l'enfilage de la housse 3, il est avantageux de réaliser le gonflage de la housse 3 afin de réduire les plis sur la housse 3 lors de la phase de rétraction et améliorer la qualité du thermoscellage.
Si la rétraction est réalisée avant le thermoscellage, il peut être avantageux d'arrêter le gonflage juste avant le thermoscellage pour améliorer la qualité du thermoscellage. Il est également avantageux d'effectuer une étape d'aspiration juste avant le thermoscellage afin de faciliter la mise en contact de la housse 3 avec la zone de fixation 4 et ainsi améliorer la qualité du contact. When threading the cover 3, it is advantageous to inflate the cover 3 to reduce the folds on the cover 3 during the retraction phase and improve the quality of the heat seal. If retraction is performed prior to heat sealing, it may be advantageous to stop inflation just prior to heat sealing to improve the quality of the heat seal. It is also advantageous to carry out a suction step just before heat sealing to facilitate contacting the cover 3 with the attachment zone 4 and thus improve the quality of the contact.
Le gonflage et l'aspiration sont avantageusement réalisés par un même dispositif de ventilation. Selon le sens de rotation, le dispositif de ventilation assure soit le gonflage de la housse 3, soit l'aspiration de l'air. Si le support 2 n'est pas étanche, il n'est pas nécessaire d'utiliser l'aspiration de l'air à moins que la charge 1 gêne l'évacuation de l'air. Inflation and aspiration are advantageously performed by the same ventilation device. Depending on the direction of rotation, the ventilation device ensures either the inflation of the cover 3 or the suction of the air. If the support 2 is not waterproof, it is not necessary to use the suction of the air unless the load 1 hinders the evacuation of air.
La mise sous tension de la housse 3 peut être réalisée au moyen d'une pluralité de pinces. Avantageusement, les mêmes pinces sont utilisées pour enfiler la housse 3 autour de la charge 1 et pour mettre la housse 3 sous tension. The power of the cover 3 can be achieved by means of a plurality of clamps. Advantageously, the same clamps are used to thread the cover 3 around the load 1 and to put the cover 3 under tension.
La rétraction et le thermoscellage peuvent être obtenus par tout moyen de chauffage adapté. Avantageusement, le moyen de chauffage est sous la forme d'un cadre qui entoure la housse 3 et qui se déplace verticalement pour pouvoir chauffer toute la hauteur de la housse 3. Le moyen de chauffage envoie avantageusement de l'air chaud en direction de la housse 3 pour réaliser la rétraction et le thermoscellage, mais d'autres techniques peuvent être envisagées comme par exemple l'émission d'un rayonnement infrarouge. Retraction and heat sealing can be achieved by any suitable heating means. Advantageously, the heating means is in the form of a frame which surrounds the cover 3 and which moves vertically to heat the entire height of the cover 3. The heating means advantageously sends hot air towards the cover 3 to achieve retraction and heat sealing, but other techniques can be envisaged such as for example the emission of infrared radiation.
La housse 3 est avantageusement une house en polyéthylène. Il est avantageux de réaliser la zone de fixation 4 en polyéthylène ou dans tout autre matériau apte à assurer la fixation mécanique avec le polyéthylène. De manière générale, la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4 sont réalisées dans
des matériaux aptes à assurer le thermoscellage. Dans un mode de réalisation, les matériaux sont identiques entre la housse 3 et la zone de fixation 4. De bons résultats ont été obtenus en utilisant un film étirable pour former l'anneau et un film thermorétractable pour former la housse. The cover 3 is advantageously a polyethylene house. It is advantageous to make the fastening zone 4 made of polyethylene or any other material capable of providing mechanical fastening with the polyethylene. In general, the cover 3 and the fixing zone 4 are made in materials suitable for heat sealing. In one embodiment, the materials are the same between the cover 3 and the attachment zone 4. Good results have been obtained by using a stretch film to form the ring and a heat-shrinkable film to form the cover.
Il est possible d'utiliser un film thermorétractable pour former l'anneau de la zone de fixation 4. Si la zone de fixation 4 est sous la forme d'un anneau avant son installation, une première étape de chauffage entraine la rétraction qui fixe l'anneau à la charge 1 et/ou au support 2. It is possible to use a heat-shrinkable film to form the ring of the fixing zone 4. If the fixing zone 4 is in the form of a ring before its installation, a first heating step causes the retraction which fixes the ring to load 1 and / or support 2.
Si le film n'est pas thermorétractable, par exemple en matériau plastique étirable, il est avantageux d'utiliser une zone de fixation 4 sous la forme d'un toron pour limiter l'élévation de température dans la zone de fixation et ainsi limiter la déformation mécanique de la zone de fixation sous contrainte. If the film is not heat-shrinkable, for example in stretchable plastic material, it is advantageous to use a fastening zone 4 in the form of a strand to limit the rise in temperature in the fastening zone and thus limit the mechanical deformation of the stress fixation zone.
Il est particulièrement avantageux de réaliser la spire ou les spires de l'anneau en matériau étirable au lieu d'un matériau thermorétractable. En effet, le matériau thermorétractable est plus épais qu'un film étirable et il se colle moins bien sur lui-même ou sur d'autres spires en matériau rétractable. It is particularly advantageous to make the turn or the turns of the ring of stretchable material instead of a heat-shrinkable material. Indeed, the heat-shrinkable material is thicker than a stretch film and it sticks less well on itself or other turns of shrink material.
Contre toute attente, l'utilisation d'un film étirable pour former l'anneau donne de bons résultats car ce film était attendu pour se déliter lors de son chauffage. Le film étirable est un film moins épais que le film rétractable ce qui le rend plus sensible à une augmentation de température et notamment lors de la phase de thermoscellage. Même s'il est connu de souder le film plastique étirable pour finir un procédé de banderolage, il convient de souligner que l'étape de soudure est très localisée et est réalisée au moyen d'une pièce chaude qui appuie sur le film pour souder et plaquer le film contre la palette.
L'utilisation d'un toron est particulièrement avantageuse car cela permet de limiter la montée en température en limitant la surface extérieure du film pastique par rapport à son volume. Les conditions de chauffage sont moins contraignantes. Si le film plastique est un film étirable utilisé sous la forme d'un film plan, il est alors avantageux d'utiliser un film épais, par exemple un film non étiré ou un film faiblement étiré, par exemple avec un taux d'étirage absolu inférieur à 100% de manière à conserver une épaisseur conséquente et activer le film par étirage pour améliorer son pouvoir collant. De manière avantageuse, l'épaisseur du film étirable formant les spires est supérieure à 15μΐη et préférentiellement 20μΐη. Against all expectations, the use of a stretch film to form the ring gives good results because this film was expected to disintegrate when heated. The stretch film is a film less thick than the shrink film which makes it more sensitive to an increase in temperature and especially during the heat sealing phase. Although it is known to weld the plastic stretch film to finish a wrapping process, it should be noted that the welding step is very localized and is performed by means of a hot part that presses the film to weld and press the film against the palette. The use of a strand is particularly advantageous because it limits the rise in temperature by limiting the outer surface of the pastic film relative to its volume. The heating conditions are less restrictive. If the plastic film is a stretch film used in the form of a flat film, then it is advantageous to use a thick film, for example an unstretched film or a slightly stretched film, for example with an absolute drawing ratio. less than 100% so as to maintain a consistent thickness and activate the film by stretching to improve its tackiness. Advantageously, the thickness of the stretchable film forming the turns is greater than 15μΐη and preferably 20μΐη.
Par palette, on entend, une plateforme horizontale rigide, de hauteur minimale compatible avec la manutention au moyen de transpalettes et/ou de chariots élévateurs ou d'autres équipements appropriés. La palette est utilisée comme support pour le rassemblement, le gerbage, l'entreposage, la manutention ou le transport de marchandises et de charges. La palette est équipée de patins de palette qui sont espacés les uns des autres pour définir des orifices de manutention. Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés, la zone de fixation 4 se situe au- dessus des ouvertures de la palette et/ou ne recouvre que partiellement les différentes faces latérales de la palette.
Pallet means a rigid horizontal platform of minimum height compatible with handling by means of pallet trucks and / or forklifts or other appropriate equipment. The pallet is used as a support for collecting, stacking, storing, handling or transporting goods and loads. The pallet is equipped with paddle pads which are spaced from each other to define handling orifices. In the illustrated embodiments, the attachment zone 4 is located above the openings of the pallet and / or covers only partially the different lateral faces of the pallet.
Claims
1. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage d'une housse (3) autour d'une charge (1 ) comportant : A method of foaming and heat sealing a cover (3) around a load (1) comprising:
- Fournir la charge (1 ) disposée sur un support (2), un anneau de film plastique ayant été formé autour du support (2) et/ou de la charge (1 ) pour définir une zone de fixation (4), - supplying the load (1) arranged on a support (2), a ring of plastic film having been formed around the support (2) and / or the load (1) to define a fixing zone (4),
- Enfiler la housse (3) sur la charge (1 ) en la tirant vers le bas de manière à venir face à la zone de fixation (4), - Put the cover (3) on the load (1) by pulling it downwards so as to face the fastening area (4),
- Thermosceller la housse (3) avec la zone de fixation (4), - Heat-seal the cover (3) with the fixing area (4),
caractérisé en ce que la zone de fixation (4) contraint les parois latérales du support (2) et/ou de la charge (1 ) de manière à fixer la housse (3) sur les parois latérales du support (2) et/ou de la charge (1 ) et à s'opposer à une rétraction de la housse (3). characterized in that the attachment zone (4) constrains the side walls of the support (2) and / or the load (1) so as to fix the cover (3) on the side walls of the support (2) and / or of the load (1) and to oppose a retraction of the cover (3).
2. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon la revendication précédente dans lequel la zone de fixation comporte au moins toron faisant un tour complet du support (2) et/ou de la charge (1 ), le toron étant formé par le dépôt d'un film plastique plissé. 2. Method of foaming and heat sealing according to the preceding claim wherein the fastening zone comprises at least one strand making a complete revolution of the support (2) and / or the load (1), the strand being formed by the deposit of a pleated plastic film.
3. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la housse (3) est dépourvue de contact avec un rebord inférieur du support (2). 3. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the cover (3) is free of contact with a lower edge of the support (2).
4. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) est dépourvue de contact avec un rebord inférieur du support (2).
4. Method of foaming and heat-sealing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the fastening zone (4) is free of contact with a lower edge of the support (2).
5. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel l'anneau de film plastique comporte au moins une bande plate en plus du toron. 5. A method of foaming and heat-sealing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the plastic film ring has at least one flat strip in addition to the strand.
6. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel l'anneau de film plastique comporte au moins un toron destiné à venir en contact direct de la housse. 6. A method of foaming and heat-sealing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the plastic film ring comprises at least one strand intended to come into direct contact with the cover.
7. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) comporte uniquement une ou deux spires formées par un toron de film plastique. 7. The method of foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the attachment zone (4) comprises only one or two turns formed by a strand of plastic film.
8. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel l'anneau de film plastique est formé autour du support (2). 8. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the plastic film ring is formed around the support (2).
9. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon la revendication précédente dans lequel, le support (2) est une palette comportant un plancher surmontant au moins deux patins de palette, l'anneau de film plastique film étant formé autour du plancher. 9. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to the preceding claim wherein the support (2) is a pallet having a floor surmounting at least two pallet pads, the plastic film film ring being formed around the floor.
10. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 dans lequel l'anneau de film plastique est formé autour de la charge (1 ) sans contact avec le support (2). 10. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the plastic film ring is formed around the load (1) without contact with the support (2).
11. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) comporte une pluralité de spires formées par une bande de film plastique, les spires consécutives se chevauchant.
11. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the fastening zone (4) comprises a plurality of turns formed by a strip of plastic film, the consecutive turns overlapping.
12. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) comporte une pluralité de spires dont une dernière spire en contact avec la housse (3) lors de l'étape de thermoscellage, le recuit est configuré pour thermosceller la housse (3) avec la dernière spire et éviter la fusion d'au moins une autre spire de la pluralité de spires. 12. A process for foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the attachment zone (4) comprises a plurality of turns including a last turn in contact with the cover (3) during the heat-sealing step, the annealing is configured to heat seal the cover (3) with the last turn and to prevent the fusion of at least one other turn of the plurality of turns.
13. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) est formée après mise en contact de la charge (1 ) avec le support (2) et avant enfilage de la housse (3). 13. A process for foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the attachment zone (4) is formed after contacting the load (1) with the support (2) and before threading the cover ( 3).
14. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) est formée avant mise en contact de la charge (1 ) avec le support (2). 14. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the attachment zone (4) is formed before contacting the load (1) with the support (2).
15. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) comporte une pluralité de spires dont une dernière spire en contact avec la housse (3), la dernière spire étant soumise à une contrainte moindre qu'au moins une autre des spires de la pluralité de spires. 15. Method of foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the attachment zone (4) comprises a plurality of turns including a last turn in contact with the cover (3), the last turn being subjected to a less stress than at least one other of the turns of the plurality of turns.
16. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) comporte une pluralité de spires dont une dernière spire en contact avec la housse16. A method of foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the attachment zone (4) comprises a plurality of turns including a last turn in contact with the cover
(3), la zone de fixation (4) est soumise à un recuit préalable au thermoscellage pour coller au moins deux spires de la pluralité de spires avant le thermoscellage. (3), the fixing zone (4) is annealed prior to heat sealing to bond at least two turns of the plurality of turns prior to heat sealing.
17. Procédé de houssage et de thermoscellage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le support (2) comporte des
ouvertures de manutention et dans lequel la zone de fixation (4) se situe au-dessus des ouvertures de manutention. 17. The method of foaming and heat sealing according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the support (2) comprises handling openings and wherein the attachment area (4) is above the handling openings.
18. Dispositif de houssage et thermoscellage caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte: 18. Device for foaming and heat sealing characterized in that it comprises:
- un dispositif de banderolage configuré pour délivrer un film plastique formant au moins une spire autour d'une charge (1 ) ou d'un support (2) supportant la charge (1 ), la au moins une spire formant une zone de fixation (4), - a wrapping device configured to deliver a plastic film forming at least one turn around a load (1) or a carrier (2) supporting the load (1), the at least one turn forming a fixing zone ( 4),
- des moyens pour enfiler une housse (3) sur la charge (1 ) en tirant la housse (3) vers le bas, les moyens pour enfiler la housse (3) étant configurés pour que la housse (3) vienne face à la zone de fixation (4), - Means for threading a cover (3) on the load (1) by pulling the cover (3) downwards, the means for threading the cover (3) being configured so that the cover (3) comes face to the zone fastening (4),
- des moyens de thermoscellage configurés pour thermosceller la housse (3) à la zone de fixation (4), heat-sealing means configured to heat-seal the cover (3) to the attachment zone (4),
- un circuit de commande configuré pour commander l'actionnement des moyens de thermoscellage après l'enfilage de la housse (3) de sorte que la housse (3) soit face à la zone de fixation (4) lors du thermoscellage.
- A control circuit configured to control the actuation of the heat sealing means after threading the cover (3) so that the cover (3) is facing the attachment zone (4) during heat sealing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18773529.5A EP3658465B1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2018-07-24 | Covering and heat-sealing device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1756994 | 2017-07-24 | ||
FR1756994A FR3069232B1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2017-07-24 | COVERING AND HEAT-SEALING PROCESS AND COVERING AND THERMOS-SEALING DEVICE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2019020930A1 true WO2019020930A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
Family
ID=60080991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2018/051896 WO2019020930A1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2018-07-24 | Covering and heat-sealing method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3658465B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3069232B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019020930A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS578634A (en) | 1980-06-13 | 1982-01-16 | Ouji Seitai Kk | Contracting packing method for pallet |
WO1994022719A1 (en) | 1993-03-26 | 1994-10-13 | Newtec International | Method of wrapping a load and device for carrying out said method |
EP1207109A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-22 | Société Thimon | Method and device applying and heat-sealing a hood in thermoplastic retractable material in order to obtain a waterproof palletized package |
US20070220830A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-27 | Macleod Richard F J | Methods and apparatus for preserving pallet units of fresh perishables in modified atmosphere-containing bags |
-
2017
- 2017-07-24 FR FR1756994A patent/FR3069232B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-07-24 WO PCT/FR2018/051896 patent/WO2019020930A1/en unknown
- 2018-07-24 EP EP18773529.5A patent/EP3658465B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS578634A (en) | 1980-06-13 | 1982-01-16 | Ouji Seitai Kk | Contracting packing method for pallet |
WO1994022719A1 (en) | 1993-03-26 | 1994-10-13 | Newtec International | Method of wrapping a load and device for carrying out said method |
EP1207109A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-22 | Société Thimon | Method and device applying and heat-sealing a hood in thermoplastic retractable material in order to obtain a waterproof palletized package |
US20070220830A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-27 | Macleod Richard F J | Methods and apparatus for preserving pallet units of fresh perishables in modified atmosphere-containing bags |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3658465B1 (en) | 2023-08-16 |
FR3069232A1 (en) | 2019-01-25 |
EP3658465A1 (en) | 2020-06-03 |
FR3069232B1 (en) | 2021-10-29 |
EP3658465C0 (en) | 2023-08-16 |
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