WO2018221547A1 - 保湿外用剤 - Google Patents
保湿外用剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018221547A1 WO2018221547A1 PCT/JP2018/020644 JP2018020644W WO2018221547A1 WO 2018221547 A1 WO2018221547 A1 WO 2018221547A1 JP 2018020644 W JP2018020644 W JP 2018020644W WO 2018221547 A1 WO2018221547 A1 WO 2018221547A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polysulfate
- pentosan
- mass
- polysulfate pentosan
- external preparation
- Prior art date
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009759 skin aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIIWPAYIXDCDNL-HGFPCDIYSA-M sodium;2,2,3,3-tetradeuterio-3-trimethylsilylpropanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])[Si](C)(C)C OIIWPAYIXDCDNL-HGFPCDIYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012609 strong anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012607 strong cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012610 weak anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/737—Sulfated polysaccharides, e.g. chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moisturizing external preparation.
- glycerin glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, or the like is known as a moisturizing agent.
- polysulfated mucopolysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfate are also used as humectants (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Polysulfated mucopolysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfate are known as heparinoid substances (heparin), and are extracted from animal organs such as cattle and pigs.
- Polysulfate pentosan is known as a substitute for heparin as a therapeutic agent for thrombosis and osteoarthritis (for example, Patent Document 2).
- Polysulfate pentosan can be obtained by sulfating plant-derived xylooligosaccharides.
- This invention makes it a subject to provide a new moisturizing external preparation.
- polysulfate pentosan As a substance that replaces heparin as a therapeutic drug for thrombosis and osteoarthritis sugar, polysulfate pentosan is known. When heparin is used as a moisturizer, it is a specific animal-derived substance, so its use may be discouraged by religious ethics, etc. Polysulfate pentosan is a plant-derived raw material. Can be manufactured from. However, the moisturizing action of polysulfate pentosan was unknown. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it has been found that polysulfate pentosan can exhibit excellent efficacy as a moisturizing external preparation. Specifically, the present invention provides the following [1] to [7].
- a moisturizing external preparation containing, as an active ingredient, at least one selected from polysulfate pentosan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of polysulfate pentosan.
- the moisturizing external application according to [2], wherein the polysulfate pentosan has a uronic acid content of 7.0% to 15.0% by mass and an acetyl group content of 0% to 2.0% by mass. Agent.
- At least one moisturizing agent selected from polysulfate pentosan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of polysulfate pentosan Use for the production of at least one moisturizing topical agent selected from polysulfate pentosan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of polysulfate pentosan; At least one selected from polysulfate pentosan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of polysulfate pentosan for use as a moisturizing external preparation; and a moisturizing method. Applying at least one moisturizing effective amount selected from polysulfate pentosan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof to human or animal skin.
- a method is provided that includes:
- the present invention provides a novel moisturizing external preparation. Since the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention comprises an animal-derived component-free substance as an active ingredient, it can be produced as an animal-derived component-free moisturizing external preparation as necessary. Moreover, quality control is comparatively easy for the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the amount of stratum corneum before and after applying the external preparation obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the uronic acid content of polysulfate pentosan, and the quantity of 0.01N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution required in order to adjust to pH 4 from pH6.
- the moisturizing external preparation (humectant) of the present invention contains at least one selected from polysulfate pentosan, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of polysulfate pentosan, and any pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof.
- polysulfate pentosan, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of polysulfate pentosan, pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of polysulfate pentosan, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt of pentosan polysulfate may be collectively referred to as polysulfate pentosan.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention contains polysulfate pentosan as an active ingredient for moisturizing action.
- “include as an active ingredient” means that it is contained as a main active ingredient, and means that it is contained to such an extent that an effect is exhibited. That is, the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention has at least a moisturizing effect.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention can exhibit an excellent moisturizing effect by including polysulfate pentosan as an active ingredient for moisturizing action.
- the moisturizing external preparation can be used as, for example, an external preparation for maintaining the amount of keratin moisture on the skin surface or an external preparation for increasing the amount of horny moisture on the skin surface.
- the polysulfate pentosan which is an active ingredient of the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention is known as an active ingredient of a medicine such as a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis (eg, Patent Document 2).
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention may have a pharmacological effect other than the moisturizing effect derived from the activity of polysulfate pentosan which is an active ingredient.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention may have a pharmacological effect other than the moisturizing effect derived from the activity of components other than polysulfate pentosan.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention can also exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect, a skin aging inhibitory effect, a whitening effect, an antiallergic effect, and the like.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention can be used as an anti-inflammatory external preparation (anti-inflammatory agent) having a moisturizing action.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention can be applied to humans or animals (other than humans).
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention is preferably applied to human or animal skin or mucous membrane, more preferably applied to human skin or mucous membrane, and further preferably applied to human skin.
- the dosage form of the moisturizing external preparation is not particularly limited, it may be liquid, emulsion, gel, spray, mousse or the like, and is preferably liquid.
- Specific examples of moisturizing external preparations include ointments, various cosmetic creams, emulsions, lotions, beauty essences, packs, lip balms, lipsticks, under-makeups, foundations, sun cares, body rinses, jelly preparations, There are various forms such as aerosols.
- the moisturizing external preparation of this invention is a form of a lotion.
- an aqueous solution in which polysulfate pentosan is dissolved in water may be used.
- the content of the polysulfate pentosan contained in the moisturizing external preparation in the form of such an aqueous solution is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and 0.1% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the moisturizing external preparation. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.3% by mass or more.
- the content of polysulfate pentosan is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the moisturizing external preparation. preferable. When the content of polysulfate pentosan contained in the moisturizing external preparation is within the above range, the moisturizing effect is more effectively exhibited.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention may contain other components as desired in addition to polysulfate pentosan.
- other components for example, it is known to be added to polysulfated mucopolysaccharides such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, chondroitin sulfate, other moisturizers, external preparations and cosmetics. Examples include anti-inflammatory agents and cosmetic ingredients.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention also includes, for example, an oily base, a surfactant, an alcohol, a thickener, a gelling agent, an antioxidant, an antiseptic, a bactericidal agent, a chelating agent, a pH adjuster, and an ultraviolet absorber.
- it may contain components known as additives for pharmaceuticals or cosmetics such as organic acids, inorganic powders, fragrances, pigments and pigments.
- the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention preferably contains no animal-derived components from the viewpoint of providing an animal-derived component-free moisturizing external preparation, but may contain this according to the purpose.
- Polysulfate pentosan has a structure in which at least one hydroxyl group of xylooligosaccharide is sulfated.
- the polysulfate pentosan is preferably obtained by sulfating acidic xylo-oligosaccharides or neutral xylo-oligosaccharides, and more preferably obtained by sulfating acidic xylo-oligosaccharides.
- neutral xylo-oligosaccharides are those that do not contain uronic acid.
- An acidic xylo-oligosaccharide is obtained by binding at least one uronic acid to at least one xylose unit in one molecule of xylo-oligosaccharide. That is, an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide has at least one uronic acid residue as a side chain in one molecule of xylo-oligosaccharide.
- the average number of uronic acid residues per molecule of acidic xylo-oligosaccharide is preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 2 or less.
- the number of uronic acid residues contained in one molecule of xylooligosaccharide can be measured by a carbazole sulfate method or a colorimetric method using sodium tetraborate.
- the uronic acid content (mass%) in polysulfate pentosan is a value calculated from the number of uronic acid residues in a predetermined amount of polysulfate pentosan obtained by the carbazole sulfate method as described in the Examples.
- the polysulfate pentosan includes a salt of polysulfate pentosan, a solvate of polysulfate pentosan, and a solvate of a salt of polysulfate pentosan.
- the polysulfate pentosan salt is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and examples include sodium polysulfate sodium pentosan, potassium pentosan polysulfate, and calcium pentosan polysulfate.
- the solvate is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate, and examples of the solvent include water.
- the polysulfate pentosan preferably has a structure represented by the following general formula II.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, —COCH 3 , —SO 3 X 1 , and at least one R in one molecule of polysulfate pentosan is —SO 3 X 1 .
- X 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or divalent metal, preferably a hydrogen atom, sodium, potassium or calcium, more preferably sodium, potassium or calcium, and particularly preferably sodium.
- X is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or divalent metal, preferably a hydrogen atom, sodium, potassium or calcium, more preferably sodium, potassium or calcium, and particularly preferably sodium.
- n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 30, and at least one of n1 and n2 is an integer of 1 or more.
- X is preferably a monovalent or divalent metal, and is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of polysulfate pentosan.
- X is preferably sodium, potassium or calcium, and in this case, the salt of polysulfate pentosan is sodium polysulfate sodium pentosan, potassium pentosan polysulfate, and calcium pentosan polysulfate.
- the polysulfate pentosan salt is particularly preferably sodium polysulfate pentosan, and the moisturizing external preparation preferably contains sodium polysulfate pentosan as the salt of polysulfate pentosan.
- n1 + n2 is preferably 1 to 90, more preferably 1 to 27, still more preferably 2 to 18, and particularly preferably 3 to 10.
- polysulfate pentosan may contain one structure represented by the general formula II, or may contain two or more structures represented by the general formula II. When two or more structures represented by the general formula II are included, the polysulfate pentosan preferably has the above structure as a structure representing a repeating unit.
- the polysulfate pentosan may have a structure represented by the general formula II or a structure having only the structure represented by the general formula II as a repeating unit, and may contain other structural units. Or a structure having only a structure represented by the general formula II as a repeating unit. It is preferable that the polysulfate pentosan does not contain an arabinose-derived sugar unit (arabinofuranose residue).
- the terminal of the structure represented by the general formula II and not bonded to the structure represented by the general formula II may be —OR. That is, it is sufficient that —OR is bonded to the left end (n1 side) of the general formula II and —R is bonded to the right end (n2 side) of the general formula II. In particular, it is preferable that —OR X is bonded to the left end (n1 side) of the general formula II, and —R X is bonded to the right end (n2 side) of the general formula II.
- R X is a hydrogen atom or —SO 3 X 1
- X 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or divalent metal, and is preferably a hydrogen atom, sodium, potassium or calcium, sodium, More preferred is potassium or calcium, and particularly preferred is sodium.
- the polysulfate pentosan may be a mixture of individual molecules represented by the general formula II in which the values of n1 and n2, the type of substituent R, and the degree of substitution are different from each other.
- the polysulfate pentosan may contain a certain amount of a xylose unit to which an acetyl group (—COCH 3 ) is bonded together with a uronic acid residue.
- polysulfate pentosan is more than 2.0% by mass and less than 6.0% by mass acetyl group It may be a content.
- the acetyl group content of polysulfate pentosan is preferably 0 to 2.0% by mass, preferably 0 to 1.0% by mass, and more preferably 0 to 0.4% by mass. The content is more preferably 0 to 0.3% by mass, and particularly preferably 0% by mass.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom or —SO 3 X.
- the polysulfate pentosan is preferably produced through a deacetylation step described later.
- Polysulfate pentosan having a low acetyl group content has a high yield when sodium polysulfate sodium is obtained from acidic xylooligosaccharide.
- the acetyl group content in the polysulfate pentosan can be calculated from the integral ratio of peaks in 1 H-NMR measurement. Specifically, first, 1 H-NMR measurement is performed using a 1 H-NMR measurement solution containing a specific amount of polysulfate pentosan and a specific amount of an internal standard substance. In the obtained spectrum, the integration ratio between the peak of the specific group of the internal standard substance and the peak of the acetyl group is compared to determine the molar amount of the acetyl group in the solution. Thereafter, mass% can be determined from the value obtained by multiplying the acetyl group molar amount by 43 by the average molecular weight obtained separately.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polysulfate pentosan is not particularly limited, but may be 4000 or less, 3900 or less, or 3800 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 1000 or more, more preferably 1500 or more, and further preferably 2000 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polysulfate pentosan may be greater than 4000, 5000 or greater, 8000 or greater, 10,000 or greater, or 15000 or greater. It may be 20000 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 50000 or less, more preferably 45000 or less, and further preferably 40000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polysulfate pentosan can be appropriately adjusted according to the efficacy required of the moisturizing external preparation.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polysulfate pentosan is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 4000 or less, 3900 or less, 3800 or less, or 3750 or less. There may be.
- the lower limit of the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 1000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of polysulfate pentosan may be 5000 or more, 7000 or more, 10,000 or more, 15000 or more, or 20000 or more. May be.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of polysulfate pentosan can be measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
- GPC column TSKgel G2000SWXL manufactured by Tosoh Corporation can be used.
- GPC conditions for example, the following conditions are adopted. Eluent: 300 mM sodium chloride / 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) Flow rate: 1 mL / min Measurement temperature: 40 ° C Detector: Differential refractive index detector Analysis time: 15 minutes
- the degree of dispersion of the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 1.00 or more and 1.40 or less, and more preferably 1.00 or more and 1.35 or less.
- the dispersion degree of polysulfate pentosan may be 1.05 or more, and may be 1.10 or more.
- R in the general formula II is —SO 3 X, and more than 70% of R is —SO 3 X. More preferably, 90% or more of R is —SO 3 X. Note that the above ratio does not need to be satisfied in one molecule, and it is sufficient that it is satisfied as polysulfate pentosan as a whole mixture of individual molecules.
- the sulfur content contained in the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 10.0% by mass or more, more preferably 12.0% by mass or more, and further preferably 15.0% by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the sulfur content contained in polysulfate pentosan is 20.0 mass% or less.
- the sulfur content contained in the polysulfate pentosan is a value measured by an oxygen flask combustion method listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
- the uronic acid content of polysulfate pentosan may be 0.0 mass% to 15.0 mass%.
- the value for explaining the uronic acid content does not have to be satisfied in one molecule, but may be satisfied as polysulfate pentosan as a whole mixture of individual molecules.
- the polysulfate pentosan preferably has a uronic acid content of 7.0% by mass to 15.0% by mass, and 7.5% by mass to 14.0% by mass. More preferably, it is 7.7% by mass to 13.0% by mass.
- the acetyl group content of the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 0 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0 to 1.0% by mass, and 0 to 0.4% by mass. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 0 to 0.3% by mass, and most preferably substantially 0% by mass.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polysulfate pentosan is preferably 5000 or less, and more preferably 4000 or less. Further, the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 5000 or less, and more preferably 4000 or less.
- polysulfate pentosan having a high uronic acid content has a high pH buffering action. Therefore, by using polysulfate pentosan having a high uronic acid content as an active ingredient of the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention, for example, even without adding a pH adjuster or pH buffer, or even if the addition amount is small, It is easy to adjust the pH of the moisturizing external preparation.
- the concentration of the polysulfate pentosan in the aqueous solution for sufficiently exhibiting the pH buffering action is preferably 10 to 500 mg / mL, and more preferably 50 to 300 mg / mL.
- the polysulfate pentosan preferably has a uronic acid content of 0.0 mass% to 4.0 mass%, preferably 0.0 mass% to 2.0 mass%. More preferably, it is 0.0 mass% to 1.0 mass%.
- the polysulfate pentosan of the present invention particularly preferably has a uronic acid content of substantially 0.0% by mass.
- the polysulfate pentosan may have a structure represented by the general formula I.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, —COCH 3 , or —SO 3 X, and at least one R in a molecule is —SO 3 X, where X is a hydrogen atom, monovalent or It is a divalent metal, and n represents an integer of 1-30.
- the compound represented by the general formula I is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula IX . That is, it is preferable that the terminal R is not —COCH 3 .
- each R X is independently a hydrogen atom or —SO 3 X.
- polysulfate sodium pentosan having a low uronic acid content has a high yield in obtaining polysulfate pentosan sodium powder from xylooligosaccharide powder. Moreover, yellowing hardly occurs when the aqueous solution is stored at a high temperature for a long period of time. Therefore, by using polysulfate pentosan having a low uronic acid content as an active ingredient of the moisturizing external preparation of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a moisturizing external preparation that is less susceptible to discoloration.
- the polysulfate pentosan includes a first step of obtaining a xylo-oligosaccharide (acidic xylo-oligosaccharide, neutral xylo-oligosaccharide or a mixture thereof) from a plant-derived raw material, and a second step of obtaining a polysulfate pentosan from the xylo-oligosaccharide. It can obtain by the manufacturing method.
- the first step includes a step of depolymerizing the plant-derived raw material.
- polysulfate pentosan can be efficiently produced. Thereby, the yield of polysulfate pentosan can be increased. Moreover, the manufacturing cost of polysulfate pentosan can be reduced, and polysulfate pentosan can be provided at a lower cost.
- neutral xylooligosaccharides can also be produced by polymerizing D-xylose.
- the method for producing polysulfate pentosan may further include a deacetylation step.
- a deacetylation step By including a deacetylation step, a polysulfate pentosan having a low acetyl group content can be produced.
- the average degree of polymerization of the xylooligosaccharide subjected to sulfation is preferably adjusted as appropriate according to the molecular weight of the polysulfate pentosan obtained as the final product.
- the average degree of polymerization of the xylooligosaccharide can be calculated by dividing the total sugar amount of the xylooligosaccharide by the reducing sugar amount.
- the xylooligosaccharide solution is kept at 50 ° C. and centrifuged at 15000 rpm for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the total amount of sugar in the supernatant is quantified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method (published by the “Reducing Sugar Quantification Method” published by the Japan Society for the Press). At this time, a calibration curve to be used is prepared using D-xylose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
- the amount of reducing sugar is quantified by the Somogene Nelson method (published by the “Reducing Sugar Quantification Method” published by the Japan Society for the Press). Also in this case, the calibration curve to be used is prepared using D-xylose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
- xylo-oligosaccharide (acidic xylo-oligosaccharide or neutral xylo-oligosaccharide or a mixture thereof) can be obtained by depolymerizing plant-derived raw materials.
- plant-derived materials include wood-derived materials, seed-derived materials, grain-derived materials, fruit-derived materials, and the like.
- cotton plants such as cotton linter and cotton lint
- herbaceous plants such as kenaf, hemp, ramie, rice straw and the like can also be used.
- plant-derived materials the above-described derived materials may be used in combination.
- wood-derived materials as plant-derived materials.
- the wood-derived material include wood materials such as conifers and hardwoods.
- the wood-derived material it is preferable to use at least one selected from coniferous trees and hardwoods, and it is more preferable to use hardwoods.
- Examples of broadleaf trees include beech, eucalyptus globulas, eucalyptus grandis, eucalyptus eurograndis, eucalyptus perita, eucalyptus brushana, acacia melanci and the like.
- Examples of conifers include cedar, hinoki, pine, hiba, and tsuga.
- the bulk weight of the wood-derived raw material is preferably 450 kg / m 3 or more and 700 kg / m 3 or less, and more preferably 500 kg / m 3 or more and 650 kg / m 3 or less.
- the wood-derived material is preferably a wood chip obtained by crushing the above-described wood.
- wood chips By using wood chips as plant-derived materials, the depolymerization of plant-derived materials can be advanced efficiently, and the production efficiency of xylooligosaccharides can be increased.
- the method for producing polysulfate pentosan includes a first step of depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material to obtain a xylooligosaccharide.
- the step of depolymerizing the plant-derived raw material is a step of chemically and / or physically decomposing the plant-derived raw material to generate xylooligosaccharides.
- Examples of the chemical and / or physical decomposition step include a heat treatment step, an alkali treatment step, an acid treatment step, an enzyme treatment step, an ionic liquid treatment step, and a catalyst treatment step.
- the depolymerizing step is preferably at least one selected from a heat treatment step, an alkali treatment step, and an enzyme treatment step, and more preferably a heat treatment step.
- the heat treatment process may be a heating and pressing process.
- the depolymerization step is preferably performed under non-alkaline conditions (pH 9 or less, preferably pH 8 or less).
- the heat treatment step is a step of heating the plant-derived raw material in the presence of the solution.
- the heat treatment step since the plant-derived raw material is hydrolyzed, the heat treatment step may be referred to as a hydrolysis treatment step or a prehydrolysis treatment step.
- the solution used in the heat treatment step is preferably water, and the ratio (mass ratio) of water to the plant-derived raw material is preferably 1: 1 to 1:10. By making the ratio of the water with respect to a plant-derived raw material in the said range, a hydrolysis reaction can be advanced efficiently.
- the water used in the heat treatment step may be water added separately from the plant-derived raw material, but a part thereof may be water originally contained in the plant-derived raw material.
- other chemicals may be added in addition to the plant-derived raw material and water.
- other chemicals include alkalis, acids, and chelating agents.
- chemicals that directly or indirectly assist the depolymerization of polysaccharides such as scale inhibitors, pitch control agents, and ionic liquids may be added.
- the heat treatment step is a step of heating the plant-derived raw material in the presence of water, and the heating temperature (liquid temperature) at this time is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher. 75 ° C. or higher, more preferably 90 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 120 ° C. or higher.
- heating temperature (liquid temperature) is 300 degrees C or less, It is more preferable that it is 250 degrees C or less, It is further more preferable that it is 200 degrees C or less.
- the treatment time in the heat treatment step can be appropriately determined according to the treatment temperature.
- the treatment time is, for example, preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and further preferably 20 minutes or more.
- the P factor represented by the following formula is the product of temperature and time during the heat treatment, and it is preferable to adjust the P factor within a preferable range.
- P represents the P factor
- T represents the absolute temperature (° C. + 273.5)
- t represents the heat treatment time
- K H1 (T) / K 100 ° C. is the relative rate of hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. Represents.
- the P factor is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 250 or more, and even more preferably 300 or more.
- the P factor is preferably 1000 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization of the xylo-oligosaccharide can be adjusted within a desired range by appropriately adjusting the P factor, and thereby the molecular weight of the resulting polysulfate pentosan can be adjusted.
- the pH of the solution containing the plant-derived raw material is preferably 9 or less, more preferably 8 or less, and even more preferably 7 or less. That is, the heat treatment step is preferably performed under non-alkaline conditions. Note that the above pH value is the pH of the solution before the heat treatment.
- the acid derived from the raw material may be dissociated and acid hydrolysis may be performed at least partially.
- the acid derived from plant materials include organic acids such as acetic acid and formic acid.
- the pH of the solution containing the plant-derived raw material after acid hydrolysis is further lowered.
- a heat treatment step as the first step.
- the production efficiency of xylo-oligosaccharide can be raised, and also the manufacturing efficiency of polysulfate pentosan can be raised.
- the number of steps required to obtain a xylooligosaccharide can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional method.
- xylo-oligosaccharides with suppressed coloring can be efficiently produced without hexeneuronic acid being substituted for xylo-oligosaccharides.
- the depolymerization step is preferably a heat treatment step, but steps other than the heat treatment step can also be employed.
- the depolymerization step is an enzyme treatment step
- the depolymerization step includes a step of mixing the plant-derived raw material and the enzyme.
- the enzyme for example, hemicellulase can be used.
- the trade name Cellulosin HC100 (manufactured by HI Corporation), the trade name Celulosin TP25 (manufactured by HI Corporation), the trade name Cellulosin HC (manufactured by HI Corporation), the trade name Caltazyme (manufactured by Clariant), the trade name Ecopulp (Rohm Enzyme), trade name Sumiteam (New Nippon Chemical Industries), Pulpzyme (Novo Nordics), Multifect 720 (Genencor), Trichoderma, Thermomyces, Oreobashi Xylanases produced by microorganisms such as Dium, Streptomyces, Aspergillus, Clostridium, Bacillus, Thermotoga, Termoiscus, Cardoseram, and Thermomonospora can be used.
- an enzyme is added to a solution obtained by mixing plant-derived materials and water.
- the temperature of the solution at this time is preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the solution is preferably close to the optimum temperature of the enzyme used.
- the depolymerization step when the depolymerization step is an alkali treatment step or an acid treatment step, it includes a step of mixing a plant-derived raw material with an alkali solution or an acid solution.
- the alkali treatment step it is preferable to add sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the acid treatment step it is preferable to add hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid or the like. In this case, heating and pressurization may be performed as appropriate.
- the depolymerization step is at least one selected from an enzyme treatment step, an alkali treatment step and an acid treatment step
- a pressing step after the treatment step, a pressing step, an extraction step, a heating step, a filtration step, a separation step, A purification process, a concentration process, a desalting process, etc. may be provided. Further, it may be necessary to provide a molecular weight reduction step after the treatment step.
- the steps described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-183303 can be cited, and the contents thereof are incorporated in this specification.
- the first step may further include a filtration step after the depolymerization step described above.
- a filtration process it isolates into the solid content of a plant-derived raw material, and the solution except solid content.
- solid content as a pulp raw material and the filtrate are separated.
- solid content used as a pulp raw material turns into a cellulose raw material (dissolving pulp) through a cooking process etc. as a post process.
- the collected filtrate can be divided into a gas layer and a liquid layer. Since the gas layer contains a large amount of furfurals, the furfurals can be isolated by collecting them.
- the liquid layer is rich in hemicellulose containing acidic xylo-oligosaccharides and neutral xylo-oligosaccharides. In the steps described later, acidic xylo-oligosaccharides or neutral xylo-oligosaccharides contained in this liquid layer can be separated and purified.
- the first step may further include a separation and purification step after the depolymerization step described above.
- the separation and purification step is preferably provided after the filtration step.
- a separation and purification step may be provided immediately after the depolymerization step, but a filtration step is provided after the depolymerization step, and a step of separating and purifying a desired xylooligosaccharide from the obtained filtrate may be provided. preferable.
- the filtration step may be provided as a part of the separation / purification step, or may be provided as one step independent of the separation / purification step.
- the separation and purification step is a step of separating and purifying acidic xylo-oligosaccharide or neutral xylo-oligosaccharide. Since the filtrate obtained in the filtration step contains acidic xylo-oligosaccharides and neutral xylo-oligosaccharides, the separation and purification step is also a step of selecting acidic xylo-oligosaccharides or neutral xylo-oligosaccharides.
- the separation and purification step for example, methods such as ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, ion exchange treatment, NF membrane treatment, UF membrane treatment, RO membrane treatment, and activated carbon treatment are preferably employed.
- the separation and purification step it is also preferable to carry out a combination of the above methods.
- acidic xylo-oligosaccharides or neutral xylo-oligosaccharides can be selectively separated and purified by performing ion exchange chromatography in the separation and purification step.
- neutral xylo-oligosaccharide can be extracted from the unadsorbed fraction by adsorbing acidic xylo-oligosaccharide.
- the sugar solution is first treated with a strong cation exchange resin to remove metal ions in the sugar solution.
- sulfate ions and the like in the sugar solution are removed using a strong anion exchange resin.
- acid xylo-oligosaccharide is made to adsorb
- Neutral xylo-oligosaccharide is obtained from the unadsorbed fraction.
- the acidic oligosaccharide adsorbed on the resin is eluted with a low-concentration salt (NaCl, CaCl 2 , KCl, MgCl 2, etc.), whereby an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide liquid with few impurities can be obtained.
- a low-concentration salt NaCl, CaCl 2 , KCl, MgCl 2, etc.
- the first step may further include a concentration step.
- the concentration step is preferably provided after the filtration step and before the separation and purification step. By providing such a concentration step, the separation and purification step can be performed more efficiently, and the production efficiency of polysulfate pentosan can be increased.
- concentration step examples include a membrane treatment step using an NF membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane and the like, a concentration step using evaporation, and the like.
- the content of the desired xylo-oligosaccharide is 10% or more and 80% or less with respect to the total mass of the concentrate, and the concentration is 20% or more and 60% or less. Is preferred.
- the xylo-oligosaccharide obtained in the first step may be obtained as a xylo-oligosaccharide solution, but may be obtained as a xylo-oligosaccharide concentrate or xylo-oligosaccharide powder through a dehydration step.
- a powdering step after the separation and purification step.
- sulfation in the sulfation step described later can be efficiently advanced.
- the xylooligosaccharide powder obtained in the separation and purification step is treated with, for example, a spray dryer, a freeze dryer, a hot air dryer, a water-soluble organic solvent, etc. to obtain a xylooligosaccharide powder.
- a spray dryer for example, a spray dryer, a freeze dryer, a hot air dryer, a water-soluble organic solvent, etc.
- Polysulfate pentosan can be obtained by sulfating the xylo-oligosaccharide obtained in the first step in the second step. That is, the second step includes a sulfation step.
- sulfuric acid or a sulfuric acid derivative is added to the xylooligosaccharide solution to perform sulfation.
- the sulfuric acid derivative include sulfur trioxide / pyridine complex and chlorosulfonic acid.
- the concentration of the xylo-oligosaccharide solution is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and sulfuric acid is added to the xylo-oligosaccharide solution having such a concentration by 0.1 to 50% by mass. It is preferable to add to.
- the pH of the xylooligosaccharide solution after addition of sulfuric acid is preferably 1 or more and 9 or less.
- the second step may further include a post-sulfation purification step after sulfation.
- a purification step after sulfation polysulfate pentosan having high purity can be obtained.
- the purification step after sulfation it is preferable to employ methods such as centrifugation, membrane filtration, dialysis, water-soluble organic solvent treatment, activated carbon treatment, and the like.
- water-soluble organic solvent treatment and activated carbon treatment are preferably used because sulfated polysulfate pentosan can be selectively separated and purified.
- the sulfated polysulfate pentosan may be obtained as a polysulfate pentosan solution, but may be obtained as a polysulfate pentosan powder through a powdering step.
- the polysulfate pentosan solution obtained in the purification step after sulfation is treated with, for example, a spray dryer, a freeze dryer, a hot air dryer, a water-soluble organic solvent, etc.
- Pentosan powder can be obtained.
- Deacetylation may be performed in the production of polysulfate pentosan.
- the deacetylation step is preferably any stage after the depolymerization step.
- the acetyl group content of polysulfate pentosan can be reduced.
- a solution containing a substance obtained from a plant-derived raw material such as xylo-oligosaccharide (also referred to as “a solution containing xylo-oligosaccharide” in this specification).
- a base is added to adjust the pH to 11 or higher.
- the solution obtained after depolymerization, the filtrate obtained in the filtration step, the solution containing the xylooligosaccharide after the separation and purification step and before the sulfation step, or the xylo-oligosaccharide (polysulfate pentosan after the sulfation step) ) And the like may be adjusted to a pH of 11 or more.
- the solution containing the xylo-oligosaccharide after the separation and purification step and before the sulfation step is adjusted to pH 11 or more, polysulfate pentosan having a stable quality and a reduced acetyl group content can be obtained.
- the site to which the group is bonded can also be sulfated, it is possible to improve the efficiency of sulfation, and thus the production efficiency of polysulfate pentosan.
- the purification step can be made efficient.
- the solution containing xylooligosaccharides is preferably an aqueous solution.
- a solution containing xylooligosaccharide is sometimes referred to as a xylooligosaccharide solution.
- the pH applied in the deacetylation step is preferably 11 to 14, and more preferably 12 to 13.
- the solution subjected to the deacetylation step is preferably maintained at pH 11 or more for 0.5 hours or more, more preferably maintained at pH 11 or more for 1.0 hour or more, and maintained at pH 11 or more for 2.0 hours or more. More preferably, it is particularly preferably maintained at pH 11 or more for 3.0 hours or more. In particular, when the pH is less than 12, it is preferably maintained for 1.0 hour or longer.
- Particularly preferable conditions include a condition of maintaining at pH 12 to 13 for 3 hours or more.
- the solution While maintaining the above pH, the solution is preferably stirred.
- the temperature condition during the maintenance of the above pH is not particularly limited, but is preferably room temperature.
- a base may be added to a solution (such as a solution containing xylooligosaccharide) subjected to the deacetylation step.
- the base to be added is not particularly limited as long as the desired pH can be achieved, but sodium hydroxide is preferable.
- the deacetylation step may include a pH adjustment step of adjusting the solution having a pH of 11 or more by the addition of a base after the maintenance at the above pH to less than pH 11.
- the pH may be adjusted to 9 or less, pH 8 or less, pH 7 or less, pH 6 or less, pH 5 or less, pH 4 or less, and the like. Adjustment may be performed by addition of an acid. Examples of the acid include hydrochloric acid.
- the deacetylation step preferably includes a desalting step after the pH adjustment step.
- Desalting can be performed using, for example, a dialysis membrane or an NF membrane.
- the deacetylation step may further include a step of pulverizing the product for subsequent processing.
- the method for producing polysulfate pentosan may further include a molecular weight adjusting step between the first step and the second step described above.
- FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram including a molecular weight adjustment step between the first step and the second step.
- the molecular weight of the xylooligosaccharide obtained in the first step is adjusted.
- xylooligosaccharide can be reduced in molecular weight.
- the molecular weight adjustment step for example, by performing acid treatment, alkali treatment, enzyme treatment, NF membrane treatment, UF membrane treatment, RO membrane treatment, gel filtration treatment, activated carbon treatment, ion exchange treatment, electrodialysis treatment, etc.
- a polysulfate pentosan having a weight average molecular weight can be obtained.
- a method of selectively recovering polysulfate pentosan having a desired weight average molecular weight by performing a membrane treatment or the like may be employed.
- the method for producing polysulfate pentosan may further include a separation and purification step after molecular weight adjustment after the molecular weight adjustment step.
- the separation and purification step after molecular weight adjustment include gel filtration, ion exchange treatment, NF membrane treatment, UF membrane treatment, RO membrane treatment, electrodialysis treatment, activated carbon treatment, water-soluble organic solvent treatment, chromatography treatment and the like. Can do.
- xylooligosaccharides having a desired molecular weight obtained in the molecular weight adjustment step can be selectively recovered, and polysulfate pentosan having a narrow molecular weight distribution can be efficiently obtained. Can do.
- the filtrate was filtered with a bag filter (manufactured by ISP Filters) having a micron rate of 1 ⁇ m, and 5 parts by mass of activated carbon (manufactured by Mikura Kasei Co., Ltd .: PM-SX) was added and treated at 50 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the activated carbon was filtered through a 2 ⁇ m ceramic filter (manufactured by Nippon Pole Co., Ltd.) and a clear filtrate was recovered.
- the clarified filtrate was concentrated 20 times with a reverse osmosis membrane (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation: NTR-7450) to obtain a concentrated sugar solution, and then the concentrated sugar solution was subjected to a strong cationic resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: PK-218), weak anion resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: WA30), strong cationic resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: PK-218), weak anion resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: WA30) By passing the solution through the ion exchange resin, adsorbing the acidic xylo-oligosaccharides to the weak anion resin in the second and fourth towers, and then passing 50 mM sodium chloride aqueous solution through the second and fourth towers with SV1.5.
- a strong cationic resin manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: PK-218
- weak anion resin Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: PK-218
- strong cationic resin Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: WA
- An acidic xylooligosaccharide solution having an average degree of polymerization of less than 8 was recovered. Thereafter, the obtained acidic xylo-oligosaccharide solution was pulverized using a spray dryer (Okawara Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- Example 2 50 parts by mass of 3N sodium hydroxide was added to 10 parts by mass of wood chips (hardwood), and heat treatment was performed at 155 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, solid-liquid separation was performed with a screw press (manufactured by Shinryo Seisakusho: 250 ⁇ 1000 SPH-EN). The solid residue obtained here was washed with ion-exchanged water three times. 100 parts by mass of 1N sodium hydroxide was added to 10 parts by mass of the obtained solid residue, followed by heat treatment at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter, solid-liquid separation was performed with a screw press (manufactured by Shinryo Seisakusho: 250 ⁇ 1000 SPH-EN), and the filtrate was recovered.
- a screw press manufactured by Shinryo Seisakusho: 250 ⁇ 1000 SPH-EN
- the filtrate was neutralized with 1N hydrochloric acid, and the resulting precipitate was filtered off.
- the obtained precipitate was sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain an acidic xylooligosaccharide to obtain sodium polytosulfate sodium in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Distilled water was added to the obtained sodium polysulfate sodium pentosan to prepare an external preparation having a sodium polysulfate sodium concentration of 1% by mass.
- Comparative Example 1 distilled water was used as an external preparation.
- the sodium pentosan polysulfate obtained in the example was dissolved in water to a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL. 1 mL of this solution was placed in a test tube, and 5 mL of a borax / sulfuric acid test was added and mixed while cooling in ice water, followed by heating on a water bath for 10 minutes. Then, it cooled in ice water, 0.2 mL of carbazole reagent solution was added and mixed, and it heated for 15 minutes on the water bath.
- the filtrate was filtered with a bag filter (manufactured by ISP Filters) having a micron rate of 1 ⁇ m, and 5 parts by mass of activated carbon (manufactured by Mikura Kasei Co., Ltd .: PM-SX) was added and treated at 50 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the activated carbon was filtered through a 2 ⁇ m ceramic filter (manufactured by Nippon Pole Co., Ltd.) and a clear filtrate was recovered.
- the clarified filtrate was concentrated 20 times with a reverse osmosis membrane (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation: NTR-7450) to obtain a concentrated sugar solution, and then the concentrated sugar solution was subjected to a strong cationic resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: SV1.5).
- the activated carbon was filtered through a 2 ⁇ m ceramic filter (manufactured by Nippon Pole Co., Ltd.) and a clear filtrate was recovered.
- the clarified filtrate was concentrated 20 times with a reverse osmosis membrane (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation: NTR-7450) to obtain a concentrated sugar solution, and then the concentrated sugar solution was subjected to a strong cationic resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: PK-218), weak anion resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: WA30), strong cationic resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: PK-218), weak anion resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co .: WA30) By passing through an ion exchange resin, a neutral xylo-oligosaccharide solution was recovered.
- Sodium hydroxide was added to the obtained neutral xylo-oligosaccharide solution so as to have a pH of 13, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours for deacetylation.
- Hydrochloric acid was added to the resulting solution so that the pH was less than 5 and desalted with a dialysis membrane (Spectra / Pore 7 CE membrane MWCO 100-500, manufactured by SPECTRUM), and then a freeze dryer (manufactured by EYELA) was used. Used to powder.
- glucuronic acid standard stock solution having a concentration of 10 to 100 ⁇ g / mL was prepared, and the same operation was performed to obtain a standard solution.
- Absorbance at a wavelength of 530 nm was measured using a control solution prepared in the same manner using 1 mL of distilled water.
- a calibration curve was prepared from the absorbance of the standard solution, and the amount of glucuronic acid (g) was determined.
- the uronic acid content (% by mass) was determined from the following formula. When the quantitative value was negative, it was regarded as 0%.
- Uronic acid content (mass%) Glucuronic acid amount ( ⁇ g) / (Weighed amount of polysulfate sodium pentosan ⁇ 1/25) / 10
- the sulfur content was measured by the oxygen flask combustion method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. (Average molecular weight) The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polysulfate pentosan was measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography). As the GPC column, YMC-Pack Diol-300 and YMC-Pack Diol-60 manufactured by YMC Co., Ltd. can be used together. Moreover, the following conditions were employ
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Abstract
Description
具体的に、本発明は、以下[1]~[7]を提供するものである。
[2]上記ポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量が0.0質量%~15.0質量%である[1]に記載の保湿外用剤。
[3]上記ポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量が7.0質量%~15.0質量%であり、かつアセチル基含量が0質量%~2.0質量%である[2]に記載の保湿外用剤。
[4]上記ポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量が0.0質量%~6.0質量%である[2]に記載の保湿外用剤。
[5]上記薬学的に許容される塩として、ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを含む[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の保湿外用剤。
[6]上記ポリ硫酸ペントサンの分散度が1.00以上1.40以下である[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の保湿外用剤。
[7]ポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物を上記保湿外用剤の全質量に対して0.05質量%以上40質量%以下で含む水溶液である[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の保湿外用剤。
ポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物から選択される少なくとも1種の保湿のための使用;
ポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物から選択される少なくとも1種の保湿外用剤の製造のための使用;
保湿外用剤としての使用のためのポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物から選択される少なくとも1種;ならびに
保湿方法であって、ポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物から選択される少なくとも1種の保湿作用有効量をヒトまたは動物の皮膚に適用することを含む方法
が提供される。
本発明の保湿外用剤(保湿剤)は、ポリ硫酸ペントサン、薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの塩及びそれらいずれかの薬学的に許容される溶媒和物から選択される少なくとも1種を含む。なお、本明細書中においては、ポリ硫酸ペントサン、薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの塩、ポリ硫酸ペントサンの薬学的に許容される溶媒和物及び薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの塩の薬学的に許容される溶媒和物を総称してポリ硫酸ペントサンと呼ぶこともある。
保湿外用剤の形態としては、具体的には、軟膏、各種化粧用クリーム、乳液、化粧水、美容エッセンス、パック剤、リップクリーム、口紅、アンダーメークアップ、ファンデーション、サンケア、ボディリンス、ゼリー剤、エアゾール剤といった種々の形態が挙げられる。中でも、本発明の保湿外用剤は、化粧水の形態であることが好ましい。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンは、キシロオリゴ糖の水酸基の少なくとも1つが硫酸化された構造を有する。ポリ硫酸ペントサンは、酸性キシロオリゴ糖または中性キシロオリゴ糖を硫酸化することで得られたものであることが好ましく、酸性キシロオリゴ糖を硫酸化することで得られたものであることがより好ましい。ここで、キシロオリゴ糖を硫酸化した構造を有するキシロオリゴ糖のうち、中性キシロオリゴ糖は、キシロオリゴ糖中に、ウロン酸を含まないものである。酸性キシロオリゴ糖は、キシロオリゴ糖1分子中の少なくともいずれかのキシロース単位に、少なくとも1つのウロン酸が結合したものである。すなわち、酸性キシロオリゴ糖は、キシロオリゴ糖1分子中に少なくとも1つ以上のウロン酸残基を側鎖として有するものである。なお、酸性キシロオリゴ糖1分子当たりのウロン酸残基平均数は、1以上3以下であることが好ましく、1以上2以下であることがより好ましい。キシロオリゴ糖1分子中に含まれるウロン酸残基の数は、カルバゾール硫酸法や四ホウ酸ナトリウムを使用した比色法で測定することができる。ポリ硫酸ペントサンにおけるウロン酸含量(質量%)は、実施例に記載のように、上記カルバゾール硫酸法により求めた、所定量のポリ硫酸ペントサン中のウロン酸残基の数から算出した値とする。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンはアラビノース由来の糖単位(アラビノフラノース残基)を含んでいないことが好ましい。
一方、ポリ硫酸ペントサンのアセチル基含量は、0~2.0質量%であることが好ましく、0~1.0質量%であることが好ましく、0~0.4質量%であることがより好ましく、0~0.3質量%であることがさらに好ましく、実質的に0質量%であることが特に好ましい。または、一般式II中のRの総数の8%以下の数のRが-COCH3であることが好ましく、4%以下の数のRが-COCH3であることがより好ましく、1%以下の数のRが-COCH3であることがさらに好ましい。特に、いずれのRも-COCH3ではないことが好ましい。すなわち、Rはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は-SO3Xであることが特に好ましい。
アセチル基含量が0~2.0質量%であるポリ硫酸ペントサンを得るためにポリ硫酸ペントサンは後述の脱アセチル化工程を経て製造されることが好ましい。
アセチル基含量が低いポリ硫酸ペントサンは酸性キシロオリゴ糖からポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得る際の収率が高い。
また、ポリ硫酸ペントサンの数平均分子量(Mn)は、5000以上であってもよく、7000以上であってもよく、10000以上であってもよく、15000以上であってもよく、20000以上であってもよい。
溶離液:300mM塩化ナトリウム/50mM酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.0)
流速:1mL/分
測定温度:40℃
検出器:示差屈折率検出器
分析時間:15分
分散度(D)=重量平均分子量(Mw)/数平均分子量(Mn)
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの分散度を上記範囲内とすることにより、保湿外用剤は保湿効果等の各種効能をより効果的に発揮することができる
なお、上記の割合は一分子中で満たしている必要はなく、個々の分子の混合物全体としてのポリ硫酸ペントサンとして満たされていればよい。
pH緩衝作用を十分発揮させるための水溶液中のポリ硫酸ペントサンの濃度は10~500mg/mLであることが好ましく、50~300mg/mLであることがより好ましい。
一般式Iで表される化合物は以下一般式IXで表される化合物であることが好ましい。すなわち、末端のRが-COCH3ではないことが好ましい。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンは、一例として、植物由来原料からキシロオリゴ糖(酸性キシロオリゴ糖、中性キシロオリゴ糖またはこれらの混合物)を得る第1工程とキシロオリゴ糖からポリ硫酸ペントサンを得る第2工程を含むポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法により得ることができる。ここで、第1工程は植物由来原料を解重合する工程を含む。植物由来原料の解重合工程と、硫酸化工程とがこの順であることにより、ポリ硫酸ペントサンを効率良く製造することができる。これにより、ポリ硫酸ペントサンの収率を高めることができる。また、ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造コストの低減が可能となり、より安価でポリ硫酸ペントサンを提供することができる。
本発明において、キシロオリゴ糖(酸性キシロオリゴ糖または中性キシロオリゴ糖またはこれらの混合物)は、植物由来原料を解重合することで得ることができる。植物由来原料としては、例えば、木材由来原料、種子由来原料、穀物由来原料、果実由来原料等を挙げることができる。また、植物由来原料としては、コットンリンターやコットンリント等のコットン、ケナフや麻、ラミー、稲ワラ等の草本系植物等を用いることもできる。植物由来原料としては、上述した各由来原料を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
(解重合工程)
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法は、植物由来原料を解重合しキシロオリゴ糖を得る第1工程を含む。植物由来原料を解重合する工程は、植物由来原料を化学的及び/又は物理的に分解し、キシロオリゴ糖を生成する工程である。化学的及び/又は物理的に分解する工程としては、例えば、加熱処理工程、アルカリ処理工程、酸処理工程、酵素処理工程、イオン液体処理工程、触媒処理工程等が挙げられる。中でも、解重合する工程は、加熱処理工程、アルカリ処理工程及び酵素処理工程から選択される少なくともいずれかであることが好ましく、加熱処理工程であることがより好ましい。また、加熱処理工程は、加熱加圧工程であってもよい。
解重合工程は、非アルカリ性条件下(pH9以下、好ましくはpH8以下)で行なわれることが好ましい。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法において第1工程は、上述した解重合工程の後にさらに濾過工程を含んでもよい。濾過工程では、植物由来原料の固形分と、固形分を除く溶液に分離される。具体的には、解重合工程の後に濾過工程を設けることにより、パルプ原料となる固形分と、濾液に分離される。なお、パルプ原料となる固形分は、後工程として蒸解工程等を経ることでセルロース原料(溶解パルプ)となる。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法において第1工程は、上述した解重合工程の後にさらに分離精製工程を含んでもよい。第1工程が上述した濾過工程を含む場合、分離精製工程は、濾過工程の後に設けられることが好ましい。
第1工程では、解重合工程の直後に分離精製工程を設けてもよいが、解重合する工程の後に濾過工程を設け、得られた濾液から所望のキシロオリゴ糖を分離精製する工程を設けることが好ましい。なお、濾過工程は分離精製工程の一部として設けられていてもよいし、分離精製工程とは独立した1工程として設けられていてもよい。分離精製工程は、酸性キシロオリゴ糖または中性キシロオリゴ糖を分離精製する工程である。濾過工程で得られた濾液には、酸性キシロオリゴ糖および中性キシロオリゴ糖が含まれているため、分離精製工程は酸性キシロオリゴ糖または中性キシロオリゴ糖を選別する工程でもある。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法において第1工程は、さらに濃縮工程を含んでいてもよい。濃縮工程は、例えば、濾過工程の後であって、分離精製工程の前に設けられることが好ましい。このような濃縮工程を設けることにより、分離精製工程をより効率良く行うことができ、ポリ硫酸ペントサンの生産効率を高めることができる。
第1工程で得られるキシロオリゴ糖は、キシロオリゴ糖液として得てもよいが、脱水工程を経ることにより、キシロオリゴ糖濃縮物やキシロオリゴ糖粉末として得てもよい。キシロオリゴ糖粉末を製造する場合は、分離精製工程の後に、さらに粉末化工程を設けることが好ましい。本発明において、脱水工程を設けることにより、後述する硫酸化工程における硫酸化を効率よく進めることができる。
(硫酸化工程)
第1工程で得られたキシロオリゴ糖を第2工程において硫酸化することでポリ硫酸ペントサンを得ることができる。すなわち、第2工程は硫酸化工程を含む。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法において、第2工程は、硫酸化の後に、硫酸化後精製工程をさらに含んでもよい。このような硫酸化後精製工程を設けることにより、純度の高いポリ硫酸ペントサンを得ることができる。
第2工程では、硫酸化されたポリ硫酸ペントサンは、ポリ硫酸ペントサン溶液として得てもよいが、粉末化工程を経ることにより、ポリ硫酸ペントサン粉末として得てもよい。ポリ硫酸ペントサン粉末を製造する場合は、硫酸化後精製工程の後に、さらに粉末化する工程を設けることが好ましい。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造の際には脱アセチル化を行なってもよい。脱アセチル化工程は解重合工程の後のいずれかの段階であることが好ましい。脱アセチル化工程により、ポリ硫酸ペントサンが有するアセチル基含量を低減させることができる。具体的には、脱アセチル化工程は、キシロオリゴ糖等の、植物由来原料をもとに得られた物質を含む溶液(本明細書においては、「キシロオリゴ糖等を含む溶液」とも呼ぶ。)をpH11以上とするために塩基を添加する工程である。脱アセチル化工程においては、解重合後に得られる溶液、濾過工程で得られた濾液、分離精製工程後かつ硫酸化工程前のキシロオリゴ糖を含む溶液、又は硫酸化工程後のキシロオリゴ糖(ポリ硫酸ペントサン)を含む溶液等がpH11以上とされていればよい。これらのうち、分離精製工程後かつ硫酸化工程前のキシロオリゴ糖を含む溶液をpH11以上とした場合には、安定した品質でアセチル基含量が低減したポリ硫酸ペントサンを得ることができ、また、アセチル基が結合していた部位も硫酸化することができるため、硫酸化の効率、ひいてはポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造効率を向上させることが可能である。また、硫酸化工程後のキシロオリゴ糖(ポリ硫酸ペントサン)を含む溶液をpH11以上とした場合には、精製工程を効率化することができる。キシロオリゴ糖等を含む溶液は水溶液であることが好ましい。本明細書においてキシロオリゴ糖を含む溶液をキシロオリゴ糖液ということもある。
(分子量調整工程)
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法は、上述した第1工程と第2工程の間に、分子量調整工程をさらに含んでもよい。図2には、第1工程と第2工程の間に、分子量調整工程を含むフロー図が示されている。図2に示されているように、分子量調整工程では、第1工程で得られるキシロオリゴ糖の分子量を調整する。例えば、分子量調整工程では、キシロオリゴ糖を低分子化することができる。
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの製造方法は、分子量調整工程の後に、分子量調整後分離精製工程をさらに含んでもよい。分子量調整後分離精製工程としては、例えば、ゲルろ過、イオン交換処理、NF膜処理、UF膜処理、RO膜処理、電気透析処理、活性炭処理、水溶性有機溶媒処理、クロマトグラフィー処理等を挙げることができる。このような分子量調整後分離精製工程を設けることにより、分子量調整工程で得られた所望の分子量を有するキシロオリゴ糖を選択的に回収することができ、分子量分布の狭いポリ硫酸ペントサンを効率よく得ることができる。
<実施例1>
[酸性キシロオリゴ糖の製造]
木材チップ(広葉樹)10質量部に対して、水を40質量部添加し、160℃で3時間加熱処理を行った。その後、スクリュープレス(新菱製作所製:250×1000SPH-EN)にて固液分離を行い、濾液を回収した。濾液をミクロンレート1μmのバッグフィルター(ISPフィルターズ社製)で濾過し、活性炭(三倉化成社製:PM-SX)を5質量部添加して50℃で2時間処理した後、更にミクロンレート0.2μmのセラミックフィルター(日本ポール社製)で活性炭ごと濾過し、清澄な濾液を回収した。清澄濾液を逆浸透膜(日東電工社製:NTR-7450)で20倍に濃縮して濃縮糖液を得た後、その濃縮糖液を、SV1.5で強カチオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:PK-218)、弱アニオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:WA30)、強カチオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:PK-218)、弱アニオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:WA30)からなる4床4塔式のイオン交換樹脂に通液し、2塔目および4塔目の弱アニオン樹脂に酸性キシロオリゴ糖を吸着させ、その後50mM塩化ナトリウム水溶液をSV1.5で2塔目および4塔目に通液することにより、平均重合度が8未満の酸性キシロオリゴ糖液を回収した。その後、得られた酸性キシロオリゴ糖液は、スプレードライヤー(大川原工業社製)を用いて粉末化した。
100mLセパラブルフラスコにN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド25mL、三酸化硫黄・ピリジン錯体10g及び前述の方法で製造した酸性キシロオリゴ糖粉末2gを加えて40℃で3時間反応を行った。冷却後、得られた反応混合物を200mLのエタノール中に滴下し、生成した沈殿物をろ別し、水10mLを加えて溶かした。この液に水酸化ナトリウム溶液を加えてpHが10になるように調整した。この液を200mLのエタノール中に滴下して得られた析出物をろ別した。その後、析出物に10mLの水を加えて溶解し、活性炭を加えて攪拌した後ろ過した。得られたろ液を200mLのエタノール中に滴下して析出物をろ別するという操作を3回繰り返して精製した。このようにしてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得た。得られたポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムに蒸留水を添加し、ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムの濃度が1質量%の外用剤を作製した。
木材チップ(広葉樹)10質量部に対して、3N水酸化ナトリウムを50質量部添加し、155℃で2時間加熱処理を行なった。冷却後、スクリュープレス(新菱製作所製:250×1000SPH-EN)にて固液分離を行った。ここで得られた固体残留物をイオン交換水で3回洗浄した。得られた固体残留物10質量部に対して1N水酸化ナトリウムを100質量部添加し、70℃で3時間加熱処理を行った。その後、スクリュープレス(新菱製作所製:250×1000SPH-EN)にて固液分離を行い、濾液を回収した。この濾液に1N塩酸を加えて中和し、得られた析出物をろ別した。得られた析出物をイオン交換水で十分に洗浄した後、減圧乾燥して酸性キシロオリゴ糖を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得た。得られたポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムに蒸留水を添加し、ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムの濃度が1質量%の外用剤を作製した。
比較例1では、外用剤として蒸留水を用いた。
[ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムの重量平均分子量]
実施例で得られたポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを、300mM塩化ナトリウム/50mM酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.0)を溶離液として、GPCカラム(東ソー社製:TSKgel G2000SWXL)に通液して分子量分布の測定を行った。検量線用のサンプルにはプルラン(重量平均分子量1,080~47,100:SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)を用いて、実施例で得られたポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムの重量平均分子量及び分子量分布(分散度)を測定した。
日本薬局方に収載されている酸素フラスコ燃焼法にてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムの硫黄含量を測定した。
実施例で得られたポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを0.5mg/mLの濃度となるように水に溶解した。この溶液1mLを試験管に取り、氷水中で冷却しながらホウ砂・硫酸試験5mLを加えて混和し、水浴上で10分間加熱した。その後、氷水中で冷却し、カルバゾール試液0.2mLを加えて混和し、水浴上で15分間加熱した。別の試験管に、D-グルクロン酸の10μg/mL、20μg/mL、30μg/mL、40μg/mLおよび50μg/mLの標準溶液各1mLを取り、上記と同様の操作を行なった。また、水1mLを同様に操作したものを対照液として、波長530nmの吸光度を測定した。標準溶液の吸光度から作製した検量線を用いて、ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムのウロン酸含量を測定した。
被験者の前腕部を石鹸で十分に洗浄して水分を取り除いた後、20~25℃の環境下で5分間順化した。被験者の前腕部内側に2×2cmの領域を3箇所設定し、SKICON-200EX(アイ・ビイ・エス社製)を用いて、各領域の角質水分量(μS(micro siemens))を測定した(角質水分量A)。その後、前腕部内側に設定した2×2cmの領域のそれぞれに、実施例及び比較例で得られた外用剤20μLを均一に塗布し、3分後の角質水分量(μS)を測定した(角質水分量B)。
<酸性キシロオリゴ糖の製造>
木材 チップ(広葉樹)10質量部に対して、水を50質量部添加し、165℃で3時間加熱処理を行った。その後、スクリュープレス(新菱製作所製:250×1000SPH-EN)にて固液分離を行い、濾液を回収した。濾液をミクロンレート1μmのバッグフィルター(ISPフィルターズ社製)で濾過し、活性炭(三倉化成社製:PM-SX)を5質量部添加して50℃で2時間処理した後、更にミクロンレート0.2μmのセラミックフィルター(日本ポール社製)で活性炭ごと濾過し、清澄な濾液を回収した。清澄濾液を逆浸透膜(日東電工社製:NTR-7450)で20倍に濃縮して濃縮糖液を得た後、その濃縮糖液を、SV1.5で強カチオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:PK-218)、弱アニオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:WA30)、強カチオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:PK-218)、弱アニオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:WA30)からなる4床4塔式のイオン交換樹脂に通液し、2塔目及び4塔目の弱アニオン樹脂に酸性キシロオリゴ糖を吸着させ、その後50mM塩化ナトリウム水溶液をSV1.5で2塔目及び4塔目に通液することにより、酸性キシロオリゴ糖溶液を回収した。得られた酸性キシロオリゴ糖溶液に、pH13となるように水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、室温で3時間撹拌して脱アセチル化を行った。得られた液に、pH5未満となるように塩酸を添加し透析膜(SPECTRUM社製:スペクトラ/ポア7 CE膜 MWCO100~500)で脱塩を行った後、凍結乾燥機(EYELA社製)を用いて粉末化した。
木材 チップ(広葉樹)10質量部に対して、水を50質量部添加し、165℃で3時間加熱処理を行った。その後、スクリュープレス(新菱製作所製:250×1000SPH-EN)にて固液分離を行い、濾液を回収した。濾液をミクロンレート1μmのバッグフィルター(ISPフィルターズ社製)で濾過し、活性炭(三倉化成社製:PM-SX)を5質量部添加して50℃で2時間処理した後、更にミクロンレート0.2μmのセラミックフィルター(日本ポール社製)で活性炭ごと濾過し、清澄な濾液を回収した。清澄濾液を逆浸透膜(日東電工社製:NTR-7450)で20倍に濃縮して濃縮糖液を得た後、その濃縮糖液を、SV1.5で強カチオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:PK-218)、弱アニオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:WA30)、強カチオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:PK-218)、弱アニオン樹脂(三菱化学社製:WA30)からなる4床4塔式のイオン交換樹脂に通液することにより、中性キシロオリゴ糖液を回収した。得られた中性キシロオリゴ糖液に、pH13となるように水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、室温で3時間撹拌して脱アセチル化を行った。得られた液に、pH5未満となるように塩酸を添加し透析膜(SPECTRUM社製:スペクトラ/ポア7 CE膜 MWCO100~500)で脱塩を行った後、凍結乾燥機(EYELA社製)を用いて粉末化した。
[参考例11]
100mLセパラブルフラスコにN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド25mL、三酸化硫黄・ピリジン錯体12.4g及び前述の方法で製造した中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末1.5gを加えて40℃で3時間反応を行った。冷却後、得られた反応混合物を500mLのエタノール中に滴下し、生成した沈殿物をろ別し、水30mLを加えて溶かした。この液に水酸化ナトリウム溶液を加えてpHが10になるように調整した。この液を500mLのエタノール中に滴下して得られた析出物をろ別した。その後、析出物を30mLの水を加えて溶解し、活性炭を加えて攪拌した後ろ過した。ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し、凍結乾燥機(EYELA社製)を用いて粉末化した。
参考例11の中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末1.5gに代えて、中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末1.125gと脱アセチル化処理工程を含む前述の方法で製造した酸性キシロオリゴ糖0.375gとの混合物を用いる以外は参考例11と同様にしてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得た。
参考例11の中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末1.5gに換えて、中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末0.75gと脱アセチル化処理工程を含む前述の方法で製造した酸性キシロオリゴ糖0.75gとの混合物を用いる以外は参考例11と同様にしてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得た。
参考例11の中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末1.5gに代えて、中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末0.375gと脱アセチル化処理工程を含む前述の方法で製造した酸性キシロオリゴ糖1.125gとの混合物を用いる以外は参考例11と同様にしてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得た。
参考例11の中性キシロオリゴ糖粉末1.5gに代えて、脱アセチル化処理工程を含む前述の方法で製造した酸性キシロオリゴ糖1.5gを用いる以外は参考例11と同様にしてポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを得た。
参考例11~15のポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量、硫黄含量、平均分子量、アセチル基含量を以下の通り測定した。結果を表3に示す。
(ウロン酸含量)
参考例11~14のポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウム約10mgを量り取り、蒸留水に溶かして正確に25mLとした。この液1mLを試験管に取り,氷水中で冷却しながら0.025M四ほう酸ナトリウム・硫酸溶液5mLを加えて混和し、水浴で10分間加熱した。直ちに氷冷中で冷却し、カルバゾール試液0.2mLを加えて混和し、水浴で15分間加熱した後、放冷して試料溶液とした。別に、濃度が10~100μg/mLのグルクロン酸標準原液を調製し、同様の操作を行なって標準溶液とした。蒸留水1mLを用いて同様に操作したものを対照液として、波長530nmにおける吸光度を測定した。標準溶液の吸光度から検量線を作成し、グルクロン酸量(g)を求めた。以下の式よりウロン酸含量(質量%)を求めた。定量値がマイナスとなる場合は0%とみなした。
ウロン酸含量(質量%)
=グルクロン酸量(μg)/(ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムの秤取量×1/25)/10
日本薬局方に記載の酸素フラスコ燃焼法にて硫黄含量を測定した。
(平均分子量)
ポリ硫酸ペントサンの重量平均分子量(Mw)は、GPC(ゲルパ-ミエーションクロマトグラフィー)により測定した。GPCカラムとしては、ワイエムシィ社製のYMC-Pack Diol-300とYMC-Pack Diol-60を連結して用いることができる。また、GPCの条件としては、下記の条件を採用した。
溶離液:25mMリン酸2水素カリウム/25mMリン酸水素2カリウム/50mM塩化カリウム水溶液
流速:0.7mL/分
測定温度:40℃
検出器:示差屈折率検出器
3-トリメチルシリルプロピオン酸ナトリウム―2,2,3,3―d4(ISOTEC社)35mgを重水(関東化学社)に溶解し、25mLメスフラスコを用いてメスアップし、内標準溶液を作製した。ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを30mg秤量し、内標準溶液1mLに溶解してNMR用溶液を調製した。得られた溶液をNMRサンプルチューブ(関東化学社)に移し、FT-NMR(JNM-LA400:日本電子社)により1H-NMR測定を行った。内標準物質のトリメチルシリル基ピーク及びポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムのアセチル基ピークの積分比より、アセチル基含量を算出した。
キシロオリゴ糖粉末からポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウム粉末を得る際の収量を求めた。結果を表3に示す。
<溶液の性状>
100mg/mLのポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウム水溶液2mLを5mLバイアルに入れ、40℃で4週間保管したときの溶液の性状を確認した。結果を表3に示す。
参考例11、12、14、15のポリ硫酸ペントサン100mgを水に溶解し、正確に100mLとした。この溶液を自動滴定装置(東亜ディーケーケー)により、0.01N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(関東化学)を用いてpH10に調整した。その後、同じく自動滴定装置により、0.01N塩酸水溶液(関東化学)を用いて滴定を行い、pH6から4に調整するために要する0.01N塩酸水溶液の量を算出した。
結果を図2に示す。
図2に示す結果から、ウロン酸含量が高いポリ硫酸ペントサンはpH4~6での緩衝作用が高いことがわかる。
Claims (7)
- ポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物から選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含む保湿外用剤。
- 前記ポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量が0.0質量%~15.0質量%である請求項1に記載の保湿外用剤。
- 前記ポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量が7.0質量%~15.0質量%であり、かつアセチル基含量が0質量%~2.0質量%である請求項2に記載の保湿外用剤。
- 前記ポリ硫酸ペントサンのウロン酸含量が0.0質量%~6.0質量%である請求項2に記載の保湿外用剤。
- 前記薬学的に許容される塩として、ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウムを含む請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の保湿外用剤。
- 前記ポリ硫酸ペントサンの分散度が1.00以上1.40以下である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の保湿外用剤。
- ポリ硫酸ペントサン及びその薬学的に許容される塩ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容されるポリ硫酸ペントサンの溶媒和物を前記保湿外用剤の全質量に対して0.05質量%以上40質量%以下で含む水溶液である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の保湿外用剤。
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SG10201913607WA (en) | 2020-03-30 |
EP3632451A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
MX2019014445A (es) | 2020-02-10 |
US20200146963A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
AU2018276567A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
CA3065747A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
JPWO2018221547A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
EP3632451A4 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
CN110678189A (zh) | 2020-01-10 |
SG11201911318SA (en) | 2020-01-30 |
US11278485B2 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
AU2018276567B2 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
BR112019025030A2 (pt) | 2020-06-16 |
KR20200011467A (ko) | 2020-02-03 |
KR20240023711A (ko) | 2024-02-22 |
JP6555431B2 (ja) | 2019-08-07 |
PH12019502676A1 (en) | 2020-10-19 |
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