WO2018203454A1 - 石英ガラスルツボ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
石英ガラスルツボ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018203454A1 WO2018203454A1 PCT/JP2018/014047 JP2018014047W WO2018203454A1 WO 2018203454 A1 WO2018203454 A1 WO 2018203454A1 JP 2018014047 W JP2018014047 W JP 2018014047W WO 2018203454 A1 WO2018203454 A1 WO 2018203454A1
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- crucible
- quartz glass
- crystal layer
- crystal
- crystallization accelerator
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/10—Crucibles or containers for supporting the melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/09—Other methods of shaping glass by fusing powdered glass in a shaping mould
- C03B19/095—Other methods of shaping glass by fusing powdered glass in a shaping mould by centrifuging, e.g. arc discharge in rotating mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B20/00—Processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles, not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/003—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for hollow ware, e.g. containers
- C03C17/004—Coating the inside
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/003—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for hollow ware, e.g. containers
- C03C17/005—Coating the outside
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/27—Oxides by oxidation of a coating previously applied
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/92—Coating of crystal glass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a quartz glass crucible and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a quartz glass crucible used for producing a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method (CZ method) and a method for producing the same.
- CZ method Czochralski method
- a quartz glass crucible is used in the production of a silicon single crystal by the CZ method.
- a silicon raw material is heated and melted in a quartz glass crucible, a seed crystal is immersed in this silicon melt, and a single crystal is grown by gradually pulling up the seed crystal while rotating the crucible.
- the single crystal yield be increased by a single pulling process, but multiple silicon single crystal ingots can be formed from a single crucible. It is necessary to be able to perform so-called multi-pulling, which requires a crucible with a stable shape that can withstand long-term use.
- a conventional quartz glass crucible has a low viscosity under a thermal environment of 1400 ° C. or higher when pulling a silicon single crystal, and its shape cannot be maintained, and deformation of the crucible such as buckling or inward tilting occurs. Problems such as fluctuations in the liquid level, crucible damage, and contact with furnace components.
- the inner surface of the crucible is crystallized by contact with the silicon melt during the pulling of the single crystal, and cristobalite called a brown ring is formed, but when this is peeled off and taken into the growing silicon single crystal Causes dislocation.
- Patent Document 1 describes a quartz glass crucible in which a coating film of a crystallization accelerator of a group 2a element exists within a depth of 1 mm on the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible.
- a crystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the crucible and heat resistance is improved. For example, even if the silicon single crystal is pulled under reduced pressure, the inner surface is not roughened. Smoothness is maintained, and it can be pulled up for a long time with a high crystallization rate.
- a devitrification accelerator such as an aqueous barium hydroxide solution is applied to the inner surface of the crucible, and in particular, by adjusting the crystallization speed by changing the concentration of the devitrification accelerator for each crucible site, It is described that crystal peeling is prevented.
- the crystallization rate is in the order of the corner of the crucible> the wall> the bottom, and the devitrification growth rate is in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 ⁇ m / h for uniform devitrification.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a surface treatment method for quartz glass products such as a quartz glass crucible, in which the inner surface of the crucible is coated with a reducing coating agent (amine, organosilane halogen, etc.) containing a methyl group. It is described that devitrification point peeling can be prevented by promoting cristobalite formation during crystal pulling.
- a reducing coating agent amine, organosilane halogen, etc.
- Patent Document 4 describes a quartz glass crucible whose strength is increased by semi-crystallization of the inner surface.
- the inner surface of the crucible having a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m contains a crystallization accelerator and has a semi-crystalline layer having a crystallinity of 80 to 95%.
- Such a semi-crystalline layer is formed by applying a voltage to the mold during arc melting in the rotary mold method to move the crystallization accelerator to the inner surface of the crucible.
- Patent Document 5 includes a first component such as Ti that acts as a reticulating agent in the silica glass in the outer layer of the crucible side wall and a second component such as Ba that acts as a separation point forming agent in the quartz glass. Consisting of a doping region with a thickness of 0.2 mm or more, and when the quartz glass crucible is heated according to a specific use in crystal pulling, by forming cristobalite in the doping region to promote crystallization of the quartz glass, It is described that the strength of the crucible is increased.
- a first component such as Ti that acts as a reticulating agent in the silica glass in the outer layer of the crucible side wall
- Ba acts as a separation point forming agent in the quartz glass.
- the thickness of the crystal layer may not be sufficient, and the crystal grains may be peeled off depending on the crystallization state.
- random growth there is no regularity in the crystal growth direction of the crystal layer, and when the crystal grows in any direction (hereinafter referred to as “random growth”), the crystallization accelerator is trapped in the crystal grain boundary, so that The speed is reduced, and crystal growth in the thickness direction of the crucible stops at a relatively early stage in the pulling process. Therefore, there is a problem that a thin crystal layer on the inner surface of the crucible melts into the silicon melt and disappears completely in a high-temperature heat load such as multi-pulling and a very long pulling process.
- the conventional crucible strengthening method described in Patent Document 3 focuses only on the density of the surface brown ring, and does not consider crystal growth in the thickness direction of the crucible. If the thickness of the crystal layer is not sufficiently secured, there is a problem that the strength of the crucible cannot be maintained and deformation occurs, or the brown ring generated on the surface of the quartz glass is peeled off. Furthermore, since the brown ring does not cover the entire inner surface of the crucible, it does not contribute to increasing the strength of the crucible.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a quartz glass crucible that can withstand a very long single crystal pulling process such as multi-pulling and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the crystal growth is continued if the structure of the crystal layer is changed. It has been found that the disappearance of the crystal layer due to the peeling of the layer or the melting damage to the silicon melt can be prevented.
- the present invention is based on such technical knowledge, and the quartz glass crucible according to the first aspect of the present invention is used for pulling a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method and is made of quartz glass.
- an accelerator-containing coating film is used for pulling a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method and is made of quartz glass.
- the crystallization accelerator concentration layer exists as a liquid phase during the pulling process of the silicon single crystal, so that the crystallization of quartz glass is promoted.
- a crystalline layer can be formed. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling. Further, dislocation of the silicon single crystal due to peeling of crystal grains (cristobalite) from the inner wall surface of the crucible can be prevented.
- a stress in the shrinking direction is applied to the glass layer in contact with the crystal layer due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density between the crystal layer and the glass layer, but the crystallization accelerator concentration layer between the crystal layer and the glass layer. Is a glass of two or more components having a low melting point, and the stress is relieved when the crystallization accelerator concentrated layer is interposed as a liquid phase.
- the thickness of the crystallization accelerator concentration layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less. Since the crystallization accelerator concentration layer has an appropriate thickness, the fluidity of the portion is not too high, the crystal layer and the glass layer are not easily displaced, and the surface of the crystal layer is free from wrinkles and cracks. The layer does not peel off. Therefore, the production yield (single crystal yield) of the silicon single crystal can be increased.
- the crucible main body has a cylindrical straight body part, a curved bottom part, and a corner part connecting the straight body part and the bottom part
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is at least the above It is preferably formed in the straight body part, and more preferably formed in the straight body part and the corner part.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film may be formed at least on the straight body portion and the corner portion, but may be formed only on the straight body portion and the corner portion.
- the crystallization accelerator preferably includes a compound that forms SiO 2 and a glass of two or more components, and is particularly preferably barium (Ba).
- Other examples of crystallization accelerators include Ma, Ca, Sr, Ra, Li, Zn, and Pb.
- Ba has a small segregation coefficient to a silicon single crystal, and therefore, silicon melt. Even if it is taken in, it is possible to suppress the risk of being mixed into the silicon single crystal and causing problems.
- the effect similar to Ba can be acquired if it is an element which becomes 2 component glass, 3 component glass or more by combination with Si.
- the quartz glass crucible according to the second aspect of the present invention is used for pulling up a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, and includes a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and the silicon single crystal.
- the ratio t i / t o of the thickness t i of the inner crystal layer formed on the inner surface of the crucible body to the thickness t o of the outer crystal layer formed on the outer surface of the crucible body by heating during the pulling process is 0
- the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films are provided on the inner surface and the outer surface so as to be 3 or more and 5 or less, respectively.
- the thermal expansion between the by the thickness ratio t i / t o the inner crystal layer and the outer crystalline layer is in the range of 0.3-5, the crystalline layer and the glass layer during the heating Even if there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in coefficient or density, since the tensile stress of the glass layer from both the inner surface and the outer surface of the crucible balances, generation of wrinkles and cracks in the crystal layer is prevented. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling and to increase the single crystal yield.
- the ratio c of the concentration c i of the second crystallization promoter-containing coating the relative concentration c o of the crystallization accelerator in the membrane first crystallization promoter-containing coating film of the crystallization promoter i / co is preferably 0.3 or more and 20 or less.
- concentration ratio c i / c o of the first and second crystallization promoter-containing coating film of the crystallization accelerator is in the range of 0.3-20, the inner crystal layer and the outer crystalline layer the thickness ratio t i / t o can be made to fall within the range of 0.3 to 5.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface side to the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface side of the crucible body at the heating temperature during the pulling step may be 0.2 or more and 5 or less. preferable.
- glass viscosity ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o at the heating temperature during the pulling step is in the range of 0.2 to 5, the thickness ratio t i / t o the inner crystal layer and the outer crystalline layer 0.3 It can be within the range of ⁇ 5.
- the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the first crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is different from the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the second crystallization accelerator-containing coating film, and the crucible body
- the glass viscosity on the surface side in contact with the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film having the higher concentration of the crystallization accelerator of the inner surface and the outer surface of the crystallization promoter-containing coating film having the lower concentration of the crystallization accelerator is preferably higher than the glass viscosity on the surface side in contact with.
- the crystallization speed can be reduced, and thereby the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer can be reduced.
- the thickness ratio t i / t o can be made to fall within the range of 0.3 to 5.
- the thickness gradient of each of the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer is preferably 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less. If the in-plane gradient of the crystal layer thickness is less than 0.5 or greater than 1.5 and the thickness of the crystal layer is uneven, tensile stress concentrates on the thin portion of the crystal layer, And cracks occur. However, since the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the crystal layer is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 and the thickness of the crystal layer is uniform in the plane, the crystal layer between the crystal layer being heated and the glass layer is heated. Even if there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density, there is no origin of deformation of the crystal layer such as wrinkles and cracks, and wrinkles and cracks in the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer are prevented.
- the in-plane gradient of the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films is preferably 40% or more and 150% or less.
- the in-plane gradients of the crystallization accelerator concentration in the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films are both 40 to 150%, so that the thicknesses of the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer during the pulling process
- the in-plane gradient can be within a range of 0.5 to 1.5.
- the quartz glass crucible according to the third aspect of the present invention is used for pulling up a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, and includes a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and the silicon single crystal.
- the ratio ⁇ o / ⁇ i of the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface side to the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface side of the crucible main body is 0.5 or more and 10 or less.
- the ratio ⁇ o / ⁇ i of the glass viscosity between the outer surface side and the inner surface side of the crucible body is in the range of 0.5 to 10, and the viscosity of the outer glass layer is not much different from that of the inner glass layer. Therefore, even if the surface layer portion on the inner surface side of the crucible body is crystallized and contracted, the stress is relaxed in the inner glass layer or the outer glass layer. Therefore, generation of wrinkles and cracks in the inner crystal layer can be prevented.
- the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the inner crystal layer is preferably 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less.
- the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the inner crystal layer is 0.5 to 1.5, there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density between the inner crystal layer and the glass layer during heating.
- the thickness of the inner crystal layer is uniform in the plane, there is no origin of deformation of the inner crystal layer such as wrinkles and cracks, and the occurrence of wrinkles and cracks in the inner crystal layer can be prevented.
- the in-plane concentration gradient of the crystallization accelerator in the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is preferably 40% or more and 150% or less. Since the in-plane concentration gradient of the crystallization accelerator in the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator is 40 to 150%, the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the outer crystal layer during the pulling process is 0.5 to 1.5. Can be kept within the range.
- the quartz glass crucible according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is used for pulling a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, and includes a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and the silicon single crystal.
- a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film formed on the outer surface of the crucible body so that an outer crystal layer is formed on the outer surface of the crucible body by heating during the pulling step, and at a heating temperature during the pulling step.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface side to the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface side of the crucible body is 0.5 or more.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity between the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the crucible body is 0.5 or more, and the viscosity of the inner glass layer is not much different from that of the outer glass layer. Even if the outer surface portion of the glass crystallizes and shrinks, only the inner glass layer is not deformed and separated. Therefore, deformation of the crucible can be prevented.
- the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the outer crystal layer is preferably 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less.
- the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the outer crystal layer is 0.5 to 1.5, there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density between the outer crystal layer and the glass layer during heating.
- the thickness of the outer crystal layer is uniform in the plane, there is no origin of deformation of the outer crystal layer such as wrinkles and cracks. Therefore, generation of wrinkles and cracks in the outer crystal layer can be prevented.
- the in-plane concentration gradient of the crystallization accelerator in the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is preferably 40% or more and 150% or less. Since the in-plane concentration gradient of the crystallization accelerator in the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator is 40 to 150%, the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the outer crystal layer during the pulling process is 0.5 to 1.5. Can be kept within the range.
- the quartz glass crucible according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is used for pulling a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, and includes a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and the silicon single crystal. Containing a first crystallization accelerator formed on the inner surface such that an inner crystal layer composed of a collection of dome-shaped or columnar crystal grains is formed on the surface layer portion of the inner surface of the crucible body by heating during the pulling process of And a coating film.
- the present invention it is possible to form a crystal layer having a thickness that does not cause deformation of the crucible wall by providing orientation to the crystal structure of the inner crystal layer to promote crystallization. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling. In addition, dislocation of the silicon single crystal due to peeling of crystal grains (cristobalite) from the inner wall surface of the crucible can be prevented.
- a peak intensity maximum value A and a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 20 to 25 ° obtained by analyzing the inner surface of the crucible body on which the inner crystal layer is formed by an X-ray diffraction method are as follows.
- the ratio A / B to the maximum value B of the peak intensity at 33 to 40 ° is preferably 7 or less.
- orientation refers to a collection of crystal grains growing along a certain crystal axis
- “dome-shaped orientation” refers to a collection of dome-shaped crystal grains as XRD (X-RayXDiffraction).
- XRD X-RayXDiffraction
- the inner crystal layer includes a dome-shaped crystal layer formed of a collection of dome-shaped crystal grains formed on a surface layer portion of the inner surface of the crucible body, and a columnar shape formed immediately below the dome-shaped crystal layer. It is preferable to have a columnar crystal layer composed of a set of crystal grains.
- the crystal growth of the inner crystal layer has changed from the dome-shaped orientation to the columnar orientation, and the columnar crystal grains grow in the thickness direction, so that the crystal grains are difficult to peel off even if the crystal grains grow large. It is possible to prevent dislocation of the silicon single crystal.
- the strength of the crucible can be constantly increased by maintaining the crystal growth.
- a peak intensity maximum value A and a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 20 to 25 ° obtained by analyzing the inner surface of the crucible body on which the inner crystal layer is formed by an X-ray diffraction method are as follows.
- the ratio A / B to the maximum value B of the peak intensity at 33 to 40 ° is preferably less than 0.4.
- the crystallization accelerator contained in the first crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is preferably an element capable of forming a divalent cation and forming glass with quartz glass.
- barium that causes the alignment growth most strongly is particularly preferable.
- the crystallization accelerator is barium
- the concentration of the barium on the inner surface of the crucible body is preferably 3.9 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 or more. According to this, innumerable crystal nuclei are generated on the surface of the crucible in a short time, and columnar-oriented crystal growth can be promoted from the earliest possible stage.
- the quartz glass crucible according to the present invention is formed on the outer surface such that an outer crystal layer composed of a collection of dome-shaped or columnar crystal grains is formed on a surface layer portion of the outer surface of the crucible body by heating during the pulling process. It is preferable to further include a second crystallization accelerator-containing coating film. According to this configuration, it is possible to form a crystal layer having a thickness that prevents the crucible wall from being deformed by imparting orientation to the crystal structure of the outer crystal layer to promote crystallization. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling. In addition, since the outer crystal layer can have an appropriate thickness in accordance with the pulling time, it is possible to prevent foam peeling from the quartz glass interface of the outer crystal layer.
- the maximum peak intensity A and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 20 to 25 ° obtained by analyzing the outer surface of the crucible body on which the outer crystal layer is formed by an X-ray diffraction method are as follows.
- the ratio A / B to the maximum value B of the peak intensity at 33 to 40 ° is preferably 0.4 or more and 7 or less. If the analysis result of the X-ray diffraction method satisfies the above conditions, it can be determined that the outer crystal layer has a dome-oriented crystal structure.
- the crystallization accelerator contained in the second crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is barium, and the concentration of the barium on the outer surface of the crucible body is 4.9 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 or more. It is preferably less than 3.9 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 . According to this, the crystal growth of dome-like orientation can be promoted.
- the quartz glass crucible according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is used for pulling up a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, and has a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and the silicon single crystal.
- a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film formed on the outer surface such that an outer crystal layer composed of a collection of dome-shaped or columnar crystal grains is formed on the outer layer of the outer surface of the crucible body by heating during the pulling process of It is characterized by providing.
- crystallization can be promoted by imparting orientation to the crystal structure of the outer crystal layer, and a crystal layer having a thickness that does not cause deformation of the crucible wall can be formed. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling.
- the outer crystal layer can have an appropriate thickness in accordance with the pulling time, it is possible to prevent foam peeling from the quartz glass interface of the outer crystal layer.
- the maximum value A of the peak intensity and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 33 to 40 ° when the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ is 20 to 25 ° obtained by analyzing the outer surface of the crucible body on which the outer crystal layer is formed by X-ray diffraction.
- the ratio A / B with the maximum value B of the peak intensity at is preferably 7 or less, particularly preferably 0.4 or more and 7 or less. From the analysis result of the X-ray diffraction method, when A / B is 7 or less, it can be determined that the outer crystal layer has a dome-shaped or columnar-oriented crystal structure, and is in particular from 0.4 to 7. In some cases, it can be determined that the orientation is dome-shaped.
- the method for producing a silica glass crucible according to the seventh aspect of the present invention includes a step of producing a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and an inner surface of the crucible body by heating during the pulling process of the silicon single crystal. And a step of forming a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film on the inner surface or the outer surface of the crucible body so that a crystallization accelerator concentration layer is formed in the vicinity of at least one surface of the outer surface. To do.
- the present invention since crystallization of quartz glass is promoted, it is possible to form a crystal layer composed of a collection of dome-shaped or columnar crystal grains. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling.
- the stress is relieved by the crystallization accelerator concentration layer interposed as a liquid phase between the crystal layer and the glass layer, and the crystallization accelerator concentration layer has an appropriate thickness so that the fluidity of the portion is obtained. Is not too high, the crystal layer and the glass layer are hardly displaced, wrinkles and cracks are not generated on the surface of the crystal layer, and the crystal layer does not peel off. Therefore, the production yield of the silicon single crystal can be increased.
- the method for producing a quartz glass crucible according to the eighth aspect of the present invention includes a step of producing a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and an inner surface of the crucible body by heating during the step of pulling up the silicon single crystal.
- the tensile stress of the glass layer from both the inner surface and the outer surface of the crucible is balanced even if there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density between the crystal layer and the glass layer during heating. Therefore, generation of wrinkles and cracks in the crystal layer is prevented. Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture a crucible that is not easily deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling.
- the method for producing a quartz glass crucible according to the ninth aspect of the present invention includes a step of producing a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and heating the crucible body by heating during the pulling step of the silicon single crystal.
- the ratio ⁇ o / ⁇ i of the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface side of the crucible body to the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface side of the crucible body at the heating temperature during the pulling step is 0.5.
- the raw quartz powder constituting the inner surface side of the crucible and the raw quartz powder constituting the outer surface side are changed so as to be 10 or less.
- the method for producing a quartz glass crucible according to the tenth aspect of the present invention includes a step of producing a bottomed cylindrical crucible body made of quartz glass, and heating the crucible body by heating during the step of pulling up the silicon single crystal.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface side of the crucible body to the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface side of the crucible body at the heating temperature during the pulling step is 0.5.
- the material quartz powder constituting the inner surface side of the crucible and the material quartz powder constituting the outer surface side are changed.
- the present invention it is possible to manufacture a quartz glass crucible that is not easily deformed even if the surface layer portion on the inner surface side of the crucible body is crystallized and contracts.
- the first crystallization accelerator coating liquid containing a thickener is applied to the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible, and the crystallization accelerator on the inner surface is applied.
- concentration of this is made into 3.9 * 10 ⁇ 16 > atoms / cm ⁇ 2 > or more.
- the second crystallization accelerator coating liquid containing the thickener is applied to the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible, and the concentration of the crystallization accelerator on the outer surface is increased.
- a crystallization accelerator coating solution is applied to the surface of the quartz glass substrate, and the surface of the quartz glass substrate is subjected to an evaluation heat treatment at 1400 ° C. or higher.
- a crystal layer is formed on a surface layer portion, the crystallization state of the surface of the quartz glass substrate is analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method, and the crystallization accelerator in the crystallization accelerator coating liquid is analyzed based on the analysis result And adjusting the adjusted crystallization accelerator coating liquid onto the surface of the quartz glass crucible.
- Crystal grains with dome-like or columnar orientation can be grown by the presence of a high density of crystallization accelerators at the interface between quartz glass and crystal grains. It is not clear how dense the crystallization accelerator is present by applying the liquid. However, by confirming the action of the crystallization accelerator coating solution in advance using a quartz glass substrate, problems such as deformation of the quartz glass crucible in the actual pulling process can be prevented beforehand.
- a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method of pulling up a silicon single crystal from a silicon melt in a quartz glass crucible, wherein the first crystal is formed on the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible.
- a dome-shaped crystal layer comprising a set of dome-shaped crystal grains on a surface layer portion of the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible by heating during the step of pulling up the silicon single crystal, and a dome-shaped crystal layer;
- An inner crystal layer having a stacked structure of columnar crystal layers made up of a collection of columnar crystal grains is formed immediately below the substrate, and the silicon single crystal is pulled up while maintaining the growth of the inner crystal layer.
- the present invention it is possible to form a crystal layer having a thickness that does not cause deformation of the crucible wall by providing orientation to the crystal structure of the inner crystal layer to promote crystallization. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling. In addition, dislocation of the silicon single crystal due to peeling of crystal grains (cristobalite) from the inner wall surface of the crucible can be prevented.
- a peak intensity maximum value A and a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 20 to 25 ° obtained by analyzing the inner surface of the crucible body on which the inner crystal layer is formed by an X-ray diffraction method are as follows.
- the ratio A / B to the maximum value B of the peak intensity at 33 to 40 ° is preferably less than 0.4.
- the crystallization accelerator contained in the first crystallization accelerator coating solution is barium, and the concentration of the barium applied to the inner surface is 3.9 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 or more. It is preferable. According to this, innumerable crystal nuclei are generated on the surface of the crucible in a short time, and columnar-oriented crystal growth can be promoted from the earliest possible stage.
- a second crystallization accelerator coating liquid is applied to the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible, and the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible is heated by heating during the pulling process of the silicon single crystal. It is preferable that an outer crystal layer composed of a collection of dome-shaped crystal grains is formed in the surface layer portion, and the silicon single crystal is pulled up without sustaining the growth of the outer crystal layer.
- crystallization can be promoted by providing the crystal structure of the outer crystal layer with orientation, and a crystal layer having a thickness that does not cause deformation of the crucible wall can be formed. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed during a very long pulling process such as multi-pulling.
- the outer crystal layer can have an appropriate thickness in accordance with the pulling time, it is possible to prevent foam peeling from the quartz glass interface of the outer crystal layer.
- the maximum peak intensity A and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ are 20 to 25 °.
- the ratio A / B to the maximum value B of the peak intensity at 33 to 40 ° is preferably 0.4 or more and 7 or less. If the analysis result of the X-ray diffraction method satisfies the above conditions, it can be determined that the outer crystal layer has a dome-oriented crystal structure.
- the crystallization accelerator contained in the second crystallization accelerator coating solution is barium, and the concentration of the barium applied to the outer surface is 4.9 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 or more 3 Preferably, it is less than 9 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 . According to this, the crystal growth of dome-like orientation can be promoted.
- the first and second crystallization accelerator coating solutions further contain a thickener. According to this, it is possible to increase the viscosity of the coating liquid, and it is possible to prevent non-uniformity due to gravity or the like when applied to the crucible. Further, since the crystallization accelerator is dispersed without being aggregated in the coating solution, it can be uniformly applied to the surface of the crucible. Therefore, a high concentration crystallization accelerator can be uniformly and densely fixed on the crucible wall surface, and the growth of crystal grains having a columnar orientation or a dome orientation can be promoted.
- the region having a certain width downward from the rim upper end of the inner surface and the outer surface of the crucible body is preferably a crystallization accelerator uncoated region where the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is not formed. .
- crystallization piece at the rim upper end can be suppressed, and the fall of the yield of a silicon single crystal can be prevented.
- the method for producing a silicon single crystal according to the present invention analyzes the crystallization state of the inner crystal layer formed by heating during the pulling step, and uses it in the next silicon single crystal pulling step based on the analysis result. It is preferable to adjust the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the first crystallization accelerator coating solution applied to the inner surface of the new quartz glass crucible. According to this, the crystallization state of the inner surface of the used crucible can be evaluated and fed back to the quality of the subsequent quartz glass crucible, and the durability and reliability of the crucible can be improved.
- the method for producing a silicon single crystal according to the present invention analyzes the crystallization state of the outer crystal layer formed by heating during the pulling process, and uses it in the next silicon single crystal pulling process based on the analysis result. It is preferable to adjust the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the second crystallization accelerator coating solution applied to the outer surface of the new quartz glass crucible. According to this, the crystallization state of the inner surface of the used crucible can be evaluated and fed back to the quality of the subsequent quartz glass crucible, and the durability and reliability of the crucible can be improved.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a quartz glass crucible capable of withstanding a very long single crystal pulling process such as multi-pulling and a method for manufacturing the same. Moreover, according to this invention, the manufacturing method of the silicon single crystal using such a quartz glass crucible can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible whose surface is crystallized by heating.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams for explaining the crystallization mechanism of the crucible surface layer portion by the crystallization accelerator.
- 4 (a) and 4 (b) are cross-sectional views in the vicinity of the surface of the quartz glass crucible after use shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is an image taken through an optical microscope, and (b) is TOF-SIMS.
- FIG. 5A is a state in which wrinkles are generated on the crucible surface
- FIG. 5B is a state in which there are no wrinkles and cracks on the crucible surface
- c) is a state in which only wrinkles are generated on the crucible surface and no cracks are generated
- d is a state in which wrinkles and cracks are generated on the crucible surface
- e is a crystal layer in which wrinkles and cracks are generated on the crucible surface. This shows a state in which the peeling occurs.
- FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c) are graphs showing measurement results of the crucible surface layer portion by surface X-ray diffraction method, FIG. 6 (a) is random orientation, FIG. 6 (b) is dome-like orientation, and FIG. (C) shows the crystal layer of columnar orientation.
- FIG. 7 is a table showing appropriate crystal structures of the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystal layer 14B for each part.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a silicon single crystal using the quartz glass crucible 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view for explaining a silicon single crystal pulling step by the CZ method.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are schematic cross-sectional views showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams illustrating the relationship between the glass viscosity of the crucible and the crystal layer.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic cross-sectional views showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic diagrams for explaining the relationship between the glass viscosity of the crucible and the crystal layer.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of forming a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film formed on the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16A is an image showing the SEM observation result
- FIG. 16B is a graph showing the relationship between the heating time of the quartz glass plate and the thickness of the crystal layer formed on the surface layer portion of the quartz glass plate. is there.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B are evaluation results of the crystallization state and deformation when the quartz glass crucible sample # 1 coated with the coating solution containing barium is used in the actual crystal pulling process.
- a) is an SEM image of the crystal layer
- (b) is a graph of an X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are evaluation results of crystallization state and deformation when a quartz glass crucible sample # 2 coated with a coating solution containing barium is used in an actual crystal pulling process.
- a) is an SEM image of the crystal layer
- (b) is a graph of an X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are evaluation results of crystallization state and deformation when a quartz glass crucible sample # 3 coated with a coating solution containing barium is used in an actual crystal pulling process.
- a) is an SEM image of the crystal layer
- (b) is a graph of an X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- FIG. 20 is a table showing the evaluation results of the quartz glass crucible used for actual crystal pulling.
- FIG. 20 is a table showing the evaluation results of the quartz glass crucible used for actual crystal pulling.
- FIG. 21 is a table showing the evaluation results of the quartz glass crucible used for actual crystal pulling.
- FIG. 22 is a table showing the evaluation results of the quartz glass crucible used for actual crystal pulling.
- FIG. 23 is a table showing the evaluation results of the quartz glass crucible used for actual crystal pulling.
- FIG. 24 is a table showing the evaluation results of the quartz glass crucible used for actual crystal pulling.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a quartz glass crucible 1 is a bottomed cylindrical container for supporting a silicon melt. From a cylindrical straight body 1a, a gently curved bottom 1b, and a bottom 1b. Has a large curvature, and has a corner portion 1c connecting the straight body portion 1a and the bottom portion 1b.
- the diameter D (caliber) of the quartz glass crucible 1 is 24 inches (about 600 mm) or more, preferably 32 inches (about 800 mm) or more. This is because such a large-diameter crucible is used for pulling up a large silicon single crystal ingot having a diameter of 300 mm or more, and is required not to be deformed even when used for a long time. In recent years, the crucible's thermal environment has become severe as the crucible becomes larger and the pulling process takes longer as the silicon single crystal becomes larger, and improving the durability of the large crucible is an extremely important issue.
- the thickness of the crucible varies slightly depending on the location, the thickness of the straight barrel portion 1a of the crucible of 24 inches or more is preferably 8 mm or more, and the thickness of the straight barrel portion 1a of the large crucible of 32 inches or more is 10 mm.
- the thickness of the straight body portion 1a of a large crucible having a size of 40 inches (about 1000 mm) or more is more preferably 13 mm or more.
- the quartz glass crucible 1 has a two-layer structure, and an opaque layer 11 (bubble layer) made of quartz glass containing a large number of minute bubbles and a transparent layer 12 (bubble-free layer) made of quartz glass substantially free of bubbles. ).
- the opaque layer 11 is provided in order to heat the silicon melt in the crucible as uniformly as possible without the radiant heat from the heater of the single crystal pulling apparatus passing through the crucible wall. Therefore, the opaque layer 11 is provided on the entire crucible from the straight body 1a to the bottom 1b of the crucible.
- the thickness of the opaque layer 11 is a value obtained by subtracting the thickness of the transparent layer 12 from the thickness of the crucible wall, and varies depending on the portion of the crucible.
- the bubble content in the quartz glass constituting the opaque layer 11 is 0.8% or more, preferably 1 to 5%.
- the transparent layer 12 is a layer constituting the inner surface of the crucible wall in contact with the silicon melt, and is required to have high purity in order to prevent contamination of the silicon melt. It is provided to prevent the single crystal from undergoing dislocation due to a crucible fragment when it is ruptured.
- the thickness of the transparent layer 12 is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm, and it is appropriate for each crucible portion so that the opaque layer 11 is not completely exposed due to melting damage during the pulling process of the single crystal. Thickness is set. Similar to the opaque layer 11, the transparent layer 12 is preferably provided over the entire crucible from the straight body 1a to the bottom 1b of the crucible, but the transparent layer is formed at the upper end (rim) of the crucible that does not contact the silicon melt. The formation of 12 can be omitted.
- substantially free of bubbles means that the transparent layer 12 has a bubble content that does not decrease the single crystal yield due to crucible fragments when the bubbles burst. It is less than 0.8%, and the average diameter of the bubbles is 100 ⁇ m or less. The change in the bubble content is steep at the boundary between the opaque layer 11 and the transparent layer 12, and the boundary between the two is clear to the naked eye.
- the bubble content of the transparent layer 12 can be measured nondestructively using optical detection means.
- the optical detection means includes a light receiving device that receives reflected light of light irradiated on the inner surface of the crucible to be inspected.
- the light emitting means for irradiating light may be built-in or may use an external light emitting means.
- the optical detection means is preferably one that can be rotated along the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible.
- As the irradiation light in addition to visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light, X-rays or laser light can be used, and any light can be applied as long as it can be reflected to detect bubbles.
- the light receiving device is selected according to the type of irradiation light. For example, an optical camera including a light receiving lens and an imaging unit can be used.
- the measurement result by the optical detection means is taken into the image processing apparatus, and the bubble content is calculated.
- the focal point of the light-receiving lens may be scanned from the surface in the depth direction, and a plurality of images are thus captured, and the bubble content of each image is determined. What is necessary is just to obtain
- the quartz glass crucible 1 includes a crucible body 10 made of quartz glass, and first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B formed on the inner surface 10a and the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10, respectively. It has. These coating films serve to promote crystallization of the surface layer portion of the crucible body 10 by heating during the pulling process of the silicon single crystal.
- the inner surface 10 a of the crucible body 10 is the surface of the transparent layer 12, and the outer surface 10 b is the surface of the opaque layer 11.
- the first crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13 A and the opaque layer 11 are formed on the transparent layer 12.
- Second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13B are formed.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13 ⁇ / b> A and 13 ⁇ / b> B contain a water-soluble polymer that acts as a thickener, whereby a hard film is formed on the surface of the crucible body 10.
- the thickness of the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B is preferably 0.3 to 100 ⁇ m. Thereby, the density
- the crucible body 10 made of quartz glass is not intentionally added with an element that can be a crystallization accelerator.
- the crucible body 10 is made of natural quartz powder, it is included in the crucible body 10.
- the barium concentration is preferably less than 0.10 ppm
- the magnesium concentration is less than 0.10 ppm
- the calcium concentration is preferably less than 2.0 ppm.
- synthetic quartz powder is used as a constituent material for the inner surface of the crucible body 10, the concentrations of magnesium and calcium contained in the crucible body 10 are both preferably less than 0.02 ppm.
- the crystallization accelerators included in the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B are Group 2a elements, such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
- Mg magnesium
- Ca calcium
- Sr strontium
- Ba barium
- Ra radium
- barium is particularly preferable because it has a small segregation coefficient to silicon, a crystallization rate does not decay with crystallization, and causes alignment growth more strongly than other elements.
- barium is stable at normal temperature and easy to handle, and has the advantage that a crystallization accelerator concentrated layer described later is easily formed because the radius of the nucleus is about the same as that of glass (Si).
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B can be formed by coating a coating solution containing barium on the crucible wall surface.
- the crystallization accelerator include lithium (Li), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and the like in addition to the group 2a element.
- the coating liquid containing barium may be a coating liquid composed of a barium compound and water, or may be a coating liquid that does not contain water and contains anhydrous ethanol and a barium compound.
- the barium compound include barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium acetate, barium nitrate, barium hydroxide, barium oxalate, and barium sulfate. If the surface concentration of the barium element (atoms / cm 2 ) is the same, the crystallization promoting effect is the same regardless of whether it is insoluble or water-soluble, but water-insoluble barium is less likely to be taken into the human body. High safety and advantageous in handling.
- the coating liquid containing barium further contains a water-soluble polymer (thickener) having a high viscosity such as carboxyvinyl polymer.
- a coating solution that does not contain a thickener is used, the fixing of barium to the crucible wall surface is unstable, and thus heat treatment for fixing the barium is required. It diffuses and penetrates into the inside of the film and becomes a factor for promoting the random growth of crystals described later.
- the viscosity of the coating solution is high, so that it can be prevented from flowing due to gravity or the like when applied to a crucible.
- the barium compound such as barium carbonate is dispersed without being aggregated in the coating solution, and can be uniformly applied to the surface of the crucible. Therefore, high-concentration barium can be uniformly and densely fixed on the crucible wall surface, and the growth of crystal grains having a columnar orientation or a dome-like orientation described later can be promoted.
- the thickener examples include water-soluble polymers with few metal impurities such as polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose thickener, high-purity glucomannan, acrylic polymer, carboxyvinyl polymer, and polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester. Further, acrylic acid / alkyl methacrylate copolymer, polyacrylate, polyvinyl carboxylic acid amide, vinyl carboxylic acid amide and the like may be used as a thickener.
- the viscosity of the coating solution containing barium is preferably in the range of 100 to 10,000 MPas, and the boiling point of the solvent is preferably 50 to 100 ° C.
- a crystallization accelerator coating solution for coating the outer surface of a 32-inch crucible contains barium carbonate: 0.0012 g / mL and carboxyvinyl polymer: 0.0008 g / mL, respectively, and adjusts the ratio of ethanol and pure water. They can be prepared by mixing and stirring them.
- Application of the crystallization accelerator coating solution to the surface of the crucible can be performed by brush and spray. After application, water and the like evaporate, and a firm film is formed by the thickener. In the conventional method, after applying water or alcohol containing barium carbonate, heating was performed to 200 to 300 ° C. for the purpose of suppressing peeling. Due to this heating, barium on the surface diffuses into the interior, crystal nuclei are generated at the same time, and always grow at random, so the coating film must not be heated after coating and before pulling.
- the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the surface layer portion of the crucible body 10 on which the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is formed is low.
- concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the crucible body 10 is high, random growth occurs in the surface layer portion of the crucible body 10, and the crystallization accelerator in the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator is also trapped at the crystal interface. It is difficult to form a chemical accelerator concentration layer.
- the crystallization accelerator can be localized on the surface of the crucible body 10 at a uniform concentration.
- the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the quartz glass is low, a high concentration of the crystallization accelerator is uniformly localized on the surface of the crucible body 10, so that crystallization proceeds by heat applied by subsequent crystal pulling. Random growth does not occur, and a crystallization accelerator concentrated layer is easily formed.
- the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B are formed on substantially the entire inner surface and outer surface of the crucible body 10, but are formed at least on the straight body portion 1a. Just do it. Since the crystallization accelerator concentration layer is formed at least on the straight body portion 1a, the straight body portion 1a can be prevented from falling down.
- the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B are preferably formed on the straight body portion 1a and the corner portion 1c.
- the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B may be formed at least on the straight body portion 1a and the corner portion 1c, but may be formed only on the straight body portion and the corner portion. .
- the formation of the crystallization accelerator concentration layer on the straight body and corners prevents not only the straight body from falling down, but also the sinking or buckling (raising) that increases the thickness of the lower part of the crucible. Can be prevented.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film should be on the bottom 1b, but may not be present.
- the bottom 1b of the crucible may be deformed so as to be raised, and if the bottom 1b has a crystal layer, such a rise can be prevented.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film may be formed only on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 or may be formed only on the outer surface 10b side. However, in this case, it is necessary to consider that the surface of the crucible body 10 is not deformed by the contraction stress when it is crystallized by the action of the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film.
- the ratio of the concentration c i of the second crystallization promoter-containing coating film first to the concentration c o of the crystallization accelerator in the 13B 1 of the crystallization promoter crystallization promoter in containing coating film 13A c i / co is preferably 0.3 or more and 20 or less.
- the ratio c i / c o concentration of the crystallization accelerator is in the range of 0.3-20, the thickness ratio of the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystalline layer 14B to be described later (t i / t o) 0 Can be within the range of 3-5.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side to the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 at the heating temperature during the pulling process is 0.2 or more and 5 or less. It is preferable.
- the glass viscosity ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o is in the range of 0.2 to 5
- the thickness ratio (t i / t o ) between the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystal layer 14B described later is set to 0.3 to 5 Can be kept within the range.
- the concentration c i of the crystallization accelerator in the first crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13A is different from the concentration c o of the crystallization accelerator in the second crystallization accelerator-containing coating film.
- the glass viscosity on the surface side in contact with the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film having the higher concentration of the crystallization accelerator has the lower concentration of the crystallization accelerator. It is preferably higher than the glass viscosity on the side in contact with the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator.
- the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 is preferably higher than the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side.
- the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 is preferably higher than the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the quartz glass crucible 1 whose surface is crystallized by heating.
- the surface of the quartz glass crucible coated with the crystallization accelerator is accelerated in the crystallization of the quartz glass by heating during the pulling process of the silicon single crystal, and the inner surface 10 a and the outer surface 10 b of the crucible body 10.
- the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystal layer 14B are formed respectively.
- the heating during the pulling process of the silicon single crystal can be several tens of hours or more at a temperature higher than the melting point of silicon (about 1400 ° C.). How is the crystal layer formed on the surface layer of the crucible body 10? In addition to performing an evaluation by actually performing a pulling process of a silicon single crystal, it can be evaluated by performing a heat treatment for 1.5 hours or more at a temperature of 1400 ° C.
- the heating temperature is 1500 ° C.
- the heating time is 15 hours or more
- heating is performed according to the actual crystal pulling conditions (atmospheric components such as Ar, reduced pressure level, etc.).
- the crystallization state of the inner crystal layer 14A is preferably a single dome-shaped crystal layer or a two-layer structure of a dome-shaped crystal layer and a columnar crystal layer (hereinafter referred to as a dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer).
- the inner crystal layer 14A is preferably a dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer.
- the inner crystal layer 14A is a dome-shaped crystal layer. It may be a single layer structure consisting of only.
- the dome-shaped crystal layer refers to a crystal layer composed of a collection of dome-shaped crystal grains
- the columnar crystal layer refers to a crystal layer composed of a collection of columnar crystal grains.
- the thickness of the inner crystal layer 14A capable of suppressing the deformation of the crucible is 200 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 400 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the inner crystal layer 14A in contact with the silicon melt is gradually melted during the pulling of the single crystal, the thickness of the inner crystal layer 14A can be maintained at 400 ⁇ m or more by gradually growing the columnar crystal layer. is there.
- the extent to which the inner crystal layer 14A is thick can be easily evaluated by a so-called beam bending method using a quartz glass crucible piece on which a crystal layer is formed.
- the crystallization state of the outer crystal layer 14B is preferably a single-layer structure of a dome-shaped crystal layer. Although the details will be described later, in the dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer, the crystal growth continues, so that the thickness of the outer crystal layer 14B is increased, and foaming peeling is likely to occur at the interface between the crystal layer and the quartz glass layer. However, when the usage time of the crucible is relatively short and the outer crystal layer does not become excessively thick, the outer crystal layer 14B may have a structure composed of a dome shape + columnar crystal layer.
- the ratio t i / t o between the thickness t i of the inner crystal layer 14A and the thickness t o of the outer crystal layer 14B is preferably 0.3 or more and 5 or less.
- the thickness ratio t i / t o > 5 the shrinkage stress on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 becomes stronger, so that wrinkles and cracks are generated on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 and the crucible may be deformed. There is.
- the shrinkage stress on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 becomes stronger, so that wrinkles and cracks are generated on the inner surface 10a side, and the inner crystal layer 14A becomes By peeling, the single crystal yield may be reduced.
- the thickness ratio t i / t o between the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystal layer 14B is within the range of 0.3 to 5, the thermal expansion coefficient between the crystal layer being heated and the glass layer or Even if there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in density, the tensile stress from both the inner surface and the outer surface balances, so that wrinkles and cracks in the crystal layer can be prevented.
- the melting loss of the crucible can be suppressed, and dislocation of the silicon single crystal due to the separation of crystal grains can be prevented.
- the strength of the crucible can be increased, and deformation of the crucible such as buckling and inward tilting can be suppressed.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams for explaining the crystallization mechanism of the crucible surface layer by the crystallization accelerator.
- the number of crystal nuclei initially generated on the surface of the crucible is small, so that random crystal growth starts from the crystal nuclei.
- Ba ions are trapped in the crystal grain boundary, and the crystal growth gradually weakens due to a decrease in Ba ions existing at the interface between the quartz glass and the crystal grains and contributing to crystal growth in the thickness direction of the crucible, and eventually stops.
- the crystal layer on the inner surface of the crucible melts by reaction with the silicon melt, the crystal layer on the inner surface of the crucible disappears in random growth in which the crystallization of quartz glass stops at the initial stage of heating, which is not suitable for long-time use.
- the crystal layer on the outer surface of the crucible since the thickness of the crystal layer on the outer surface of the crucible is reduced by the reaction with the carbon susceptor, the crystal layer on the outer surface may be lost in random growth in which crystallization stops at the initial stage of heating.
- the crystal growth period can be lengthened and the thickness of the crystal layer can be sufficiently secured.
- the crystal growth period can be further extended, and continuous crystal growth can be realized.
- a crystallization accelerator concentration layer 10P (Ba concentration layer) is formed at the interface between the crystal layer 14 and the non-crystallized glass layer 10G.
- the “crystallization accelerator concentration layer” means a crystallization promotion that occurs at the interface between the crystal layer 14 and the glass layer 10G when a crystallization accelerator such as Ba is applied to the crucible surface and heated. This refers to the layer in which the agent is present in high density.
- the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the crystallization accelerator concentration layer 10 ⁇ / b> P is as high as 5 times or more the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the crystal layer 14.
- FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are sectional views of the vicinity of the surface of the quartz glass crucible 1 after use shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is an image taken through an optical microscope, and (b) is TOF- It is a Ba ion image map of the crystal glass interface which is an analysis result of SIMS (Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry).
- SIMS Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- a crystal layer is formed on the surface of the quartz glass crucible 1, and a glass layer that has not been crystallized exists below the crystal layer, and the boundary between the two layers is clear.
- the big black block in a figure is a bubble.
- crystallization accelerator concentration layer in this figure has a thickness of about 8 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the crystallization accelerator concentration layer 10P is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the crystallization accelerator concentration layer 10P is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the crystallization accelerator concentration layer 10P is too thick, the fluidity is increased, the position of the crystal layer 14 and the glass layer 10G is shifted, and wrinkles and cracks are generated on the surface of the crystal layer 14.
- the crystallization accelerator concentration layer 10P is not present or is too thin, the crystallization speed is extremely reduced even during heating, and the crystal layer 14 having a sufficient thickness cannot be formed.
- the crystal layer 14 is easily separated due to stress due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density between the crystal layer 14 and the glass layer 10G being heated. Such stress also causes cracking, which leads to deformation of the crucible.
- FIG. 5A to 5E are photographed images of the crystallized crucible surface, where FIG. 5A is a state in which wrinkles are generated on the crucible surface, FIG. 5B is a state in which there are no wrinkles and cracks on the crucible surface, c) is a state in which only wrinkles are generated on the crucible surface and no cracks are generated, (d) is a state in which wrinkles and cracks are generated on the crucible surface, and (e) is a crystal layer in which wrinkles and cracks are generated on the crucible surface. This shows a state in which the peeling occurs.
- FIG. 5D shows a state where cracks are generated on the surface of the crystal layer.
- the crack is a state in which a part of the crystal layer is torn, cracks are generated, and the cross section of the glass layer is exposed.
- the yield of the silicon single crystal is remarkably lowered.
- the crystal layer is peeled off as shown in FIG. 5E, which further affects the single crystal yield. Even if wrinkles occur on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible, there is no direct influence on the single crystal yield. However, the occurrence of cracks causes a significant decrease in the strength of the crucible and leads to deformation of the crucible.
- the crystallization accelerator concentration layer has an appropriate thickness, the fluidity of the portion is not too high, the crystal layer and the glass layer are not easily displaced, and no wrinkles or cracks occur in the crystal layer. The layer does not peel off.
- the crystallized state of the crucible surface layer can be observed using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), but it can also be evaluated by a surface X-ray diffraction method.
- FIG. 6 (a) to 6 (c) are graphs showing measurement results of the crucible surface layer portion by surface X-ray diffraction method, FIG. 6 (a) is random orientation, FIG. 6 (b) is dome-like orientation, and FIG. (C) shows the crystal layer of columnar orientation.
- the maximum value A of the peak intensity when the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ is 20 to 25 ° is very small, and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ is 33 to 40 °.
- the maximum value B of the peak intensity at is very large, and the peak intensity ratio A / B is less than 0.4.
- FIG. 7 is a table showing appropriate crystal structures of the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystal layer 14B for each part, and a preferable crystal structure in each part is indicated by “ ⁇ ” and a more preferable crystal structure is indicated by “ ⁇ ”. .
- the entire inner surface from the straight body portion (W portion) 1a to the bottom portion (B portion) 1b is formed in a dome shape + columnar crystal layer (A / B is 0.4). Less than).
- the corner (R) 1c and the bottom 1b may be a dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer, and the inner surface of the straight body 1a may be a dome-shaped crystal layer (A / B is 0.4 or more to less than 7). Is possible. This is because the inner surface of the straight body portion 1a has a shorter contact time with the silicon melt than the corner portion 1c and the bottom portion 1b, and therefore it may be sufficient to form a dome-shaped crystal layer.
- the crystal pulling time is relatively short, it is also preferable to adopt a condition in which the inner surface of the straight body portion 1a of the crucible body 10 is a dome-shaped crystal layer. It is possible to reduce the thickness of the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13A at the straight body portion 1a, thereby reducing the incorporation of impurities contained in the coating film into the silicon melt.
- the entire outer surface from the straight body portion 1a to the bottom portion 1b may be a dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer or a dome-shaped crystal layer regardless of the crucible portion. Particularly preferred is a dome-shaped crystal layer.
- the strength of the crucible can be increased by giving the outer crystal layer 14B a certain thickness. However, if the thickness of the outer crystal layer 14B is increased, the bubbles in the crystallized quartz glass bubble layer are aggregated and expanded. This is because crucible deformation and crystal layer peeling easily occur. When the thickness of the outer crystal layer 14B is 1.5 mm or more, the outer crystal layer 14B is particularly easily peeled off. Therefore, the crystal growth rate of the outer crystal layer 14B is preferably slowed down as the crystal growth proceeds, and the thickness of the outer crystal layer 14B is preferably suppressed to less than 1.5 mm.
- the coating liquid used for forming the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B is preferably used in an actual quartz glass crucible after a crystallization state test is previously performed on a substrate such as a quartz glass plate. .
- a crystallization state test after a predetermined concentration of a crystallization accelerator coating solution is applied to the surface of the quartz glass substrate, a crystal layer is formed on the surface layer portion of the surface of the quartz glass substrate by an evaluation heat treatment at 1400 ° C. or higher. .
- the crystallization state of the surface of the quartz glass substrate is analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method, and the concentration of the crystallization accelerator in the crystallization accelerator coating liquid is adjusted based on the analysis result.
- the concentration-adjusted crystallization accelerator coating liquid is applied to the surface of the quartz glass crucible (crucible body 10), thereby completing the quartz glass crucible 1.
- a crucible can be realized.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a silicon single crystal using the quartz glass crucible 1 according to the present embodiment.
- a quartz glass crucible in which the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B are formed is used. Therefore, a quartz glass crucible (crucible body 10) not coated with a crystallization accelerator is prepared and a barium compound coating solution having an appropriate concentration is applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the quartz glass crucible (step S11).
- a silicon single crystal pulling step is performed using the quartz glass crucible 1 on which the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B are formed (step S12).
- the pulling process may be a multi-pulling that pulls up a plurality of silicon single crystals from the same crucible, or a single pulling up of only one silicon single crystal.
- step S13 the surface of the used crucible after the completion of the pulling process is analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method, and the crystallization state of the crystal layer is evaluated (step S13).
- the peak intensity ratio A / B is larger than 7, random orientation is obtained, and when the peak intensity ratio A / B is 0.4 or more and 7 or less, dome-shaped orientation and the peak intensity ratio A / B is 0.4. If it is less than this, it can be evaluated as a columnar oriented crystal layer.
- the analysis / evaluation results are fed back to the concentration adjustment of the barium compound coating solution (step S14).
- the barium concentration in the barium compound coating solution to be used can be adjusted to be a little lower. Good.
- the crystallization state of the inner crystal layer 14A is a dome-like orientation and a columnar orientation is desired, the barium concentration in the barium compound coating solution to be used is adjusted to be a little higher. Good.
- Analysis / evaluation results include crystal orientation (evaluation result by X-ray diffraction: peak ratio), crystal layer thickness, thickness gradient, thickness distribution, crystal grain size, crystal layer foaming / peeling, crystallization
- the thickness of a promoter concentration layer can be mentioned.
- the adjustment items include concentration (by site), coating thickness (by site), thickener blending, and barium carbonate particle size.
- concentration by site
- coating thickness by site
- thickener blending blending
- barium carbonate particle size As an item adjustment method, the thermal load changes depending on the crystal pulling conditions for each part of the crucible, so first apply the barium concentration uniformly regardless of the crucible part and pull it up.
- the thickness distribution and the like are analyzed, and the above items may be adjusted for each region so that the crystal layer is uniform.
- a new uncoated quartz glass crucible is prepared, and the barium compound coating solution after concentration adjustment is applied to the surface (step S15), and a silicon single crystal pulling process is newly performed using this quartz glass crucible. (Step S16).
- the crystal layer on the surface of the quartz glass crucible 1 is in an optimal crystallization state for each part, so that the inner surface 10a of the crucible main body 10 is in-plane without peeling of crystal grains.
- a uniform crystal layer can be formed, and the strength can always be maintained by continuously growing columnar crystals.
- the outer surface 10b of the crucible main body 10 can prevent problems such as firing peeling while maintaining a certain strength.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a step of pulling a silicon single crystal by the CZ method.
- a single crystal pulling apparatus 20 is used in the silicon single crystal pulling step by the CZ method.
- the single crystal pulling apparatus 20 includes a water-cooled chamber 21, a quartz glass crucible 1 that holds the silicon melt 4 in the chamber 21, a carbon susceptor 22 that holds the quartz glass crucible 1, and a rotation that supports the carbon susceptor 22.
- the chamber 21 includes a main chamber 21a and an elongated cylindrical pull chamber 21b connected to the upper opening of the main chamber 21a.
- the quartz glass crucible 1, the carbon susceptor 22, the heater 25, and the heat shield 27 are It is provided in the main chamber 21a.
- a gas inlet 21c for introducing an inert gas (purge gas) such as argon gas or a dopant gas into the chamber 21 is provided in the upper part of the pull chamber 21b, and in the lower part of the main chamber 21a
- a gas discharge port 21d for discharging atmospheric gas is provided.
- a viewing window 21e is provided in the upper part of the main chamber 21a, and the growth state of the silicon single crystal 3 can be observed from the viewing window 21e.
- the carbon susceptor 22 is used for maintaining the shape of the quartz glass crucible 1 softened by heating, and holds the quartz glass crucible 1 in close contact with the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible 1.
- the quartz glass crucible 1 and the carbon susceptor 22 constitute a double-structure crucible that supports the silicon melt in the chamber 21.
- the carbon susceptor 22 is fixed to the upper end portion of the rotating shaft 23, and the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 23 passes through the bottom portion of the chamber 21 and is connected to a shaft drive mechanism 24 provided outside the chamber 21.
- the rotating shaft 23 and the shaft drive mechanism 24 constitute a rotating mechanism and a lifting mechanism for the quartz glass crucible 1 and the carbon susceptor 22.
- the heater 25 is used for melting the silicon raw material filled in the quartz glass crucible 1 to generate the silicon melt 4 and maintaining the molten state of the silicon melt 4.
- the heater 25 is a resistance heating type carbon heater and is provided so as to surround the quartz glass crucible 1 in the carbon susceptor 22. Further, a heat insulating material 26 is provided outside the heater 25 so as to surround the heater 25, thereby enhancing the heat retention in the chamber 21.
- the heat shield 27 suppresses temperature fluctuation of the silicon melt 4 to form an appropriate hot zone near the crystal growth interface, and prevents the silicon single crystal 3 from being heated by radiant heat from the heater 25 and the quartz glass crucible 1. Is provided to do.
- the heat shield 27 is a graphite member that covers a region above the silicon melt 4 excluding the pulling path of the silicon single crystal 3, and has, for example, an inverted frustoconical shape whose opening size increases from the lower end toward the upper end. Have.
- the diameter of the opening 27 a at the lower end of the heat shield 27 is larger than the diameter of the silicon single crystal 3, thereby securing a pulling path for the silicon single crystal 3. Since the diameter of the opening 27a of the heat shield 27 is smaller than the diameter of the quartz glass crucible 1, and the lower end of the heat shield 27 is located inside the quartz glass crucible 1, the upper end of the rim of the quartz glass crucible 1 is placed on the heat shield. The heat shield 27 does not interfere with the quartz glass crucible 1 even if it is raised above the lower end of 27.
- the quartz glass crucible 1 Although the amount of melt in the quartz glass crucible 1 decreases as the silicon single crystal 3 grows, the quartz glass crucible 1 is raised so that the gap between the melt surface and the lower end of the heat shield 27 becomes constant. As a result, the temperature fluctuation of the silicon melt 4 can be suppressed, and the evaporation rate of the dopant from the silicon melt 4 can be controlled by making the flow velocity of the gas flowing near the melt surface constant. Therefore, the stability of the silicon single crystal 3 such as the crystal defect distribution, the oxygen concentration distribution, and the resistivity distribution in the pulling axis direction can be improved.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the silicon single crystal 3 being grown is suspended from the wire 28.
- the silicon single crystal 3 is grown by gradually pulling up the wire 28 while rotating the quartz glass crucible 1 and the silicon single crystal 3 respectively.
- the CCD camera 30 is installed outside the viewing window 21e. During the single crystal pulling process, the CCD camera 30 takes an image of the boundary between the silicon single crystal 3 and the silicon melt 4 that can be seen through the opening 27a of the heat shield 27 from the viewing window 21e.
- the image captured by the CCD camera 30 is processed by the image processing unit 31, and the processing result is used by the control unit 32 for controlling the lifting conditions.
- the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible 1 is melted by reaction with the silicon melt 4, but the crystallization of the inner surface and the outer surface proceeds by the action of the crystallization accelerator applied to the inner surface and the outer surface of the crucible. Therefore, the crystal layer on the inner surface does not disappear, and by ensuring the crystal layer thickness to some extent, the strength of the crucible can be maintained and deformation can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the crucible from being deformed to come into contact with the in-furnace member such as the heat shield 27 or the inner surface of the crucible is changed to change the liquid surface position of the silicon melt 4.
- the crystal piece peeled from the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible 1 rides on the convection of the silicon melt 4 and reaches the solid-liquid interface, it may be taken into the silicon single crystal 3 to cause dislocation.
- the inner crystal layer 14A composed of a dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer or a dome-shaped crystal layer is formed on the inner surface 10a of the crucible body 10 by heating during the pulling process. Therefore, the inner crystal layer 14A can have a sufficient thickness. Therefore, the strength of the crucible can be increased and its deformation can be prevented. Further, it is possible to prevent the inner crystal layer 14A from completely disappearing due to melting damage on the inner surface of the crucible.
- the inner crystal layer 14A is a dome-shaped + columnar crystal layer
- the orientation direction of the columnar crystal layer is the thickness direction of the crucible wall. Separation can be prevented, and the crystal growth rate can be increased by concentrating crystal growth in the thickness direction of the crucible wall by columnar orientation.
- the outer crystal layer 14B made of a dome-shaped crystal layer is formed on the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10 by heating during the pulling process, so that the outer crystal layer 14B has a sufficient thickness. Can be made. Therefore, the strength of the crucible can be increased and its deformation can be prevented. Further, by forming a dome-shaped crystal layer on the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10, it is possible to prevent the cracks due to impacts from the outer surface of the crucible from reaching the inside of the crucible by making the grain boundaries dense.
- the outer crystal layer 14B as a dome-shaped crystal layer instead of a columnar crystal layer, crystal growth does not continue, and the outer crystal layer 14B does not become excessively thick. Therefore, peeling of the crystal layer due to expansion of bubbles at the interface between the thick crystal layer and quartz glass can be prevented, and further, cracks can be prevented from being propagated from the bubbles to the grain boundaries of the columnar crystals. it can.
- the crystallization state of the crystal layer on the crucible surface (inner surface and outer surface) can be easily evaluated by the X-ray diffraction method. Therefore, based on this evaluation result, the application condition of the crystallization accelerator can be selected, and the quartz glass crucible 1 having the crystallization structure suitable for the pulling condition of the silicon single crystal and the site of the crucible is manufactured. Can do.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B are not necessarily formed on both the inner surface 10a and the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10, and may be formed only on the inner surface 10a of the crucible body 10, or only on the outer surface 10b. May be. However, since the inner surface 10a of the crucible is in contact with the silicon melt and the amount of erosion is large, the effect of crystallization is greater than that of the outer surface 10b of the crucible, and it is better to form a crystal layer on the inner surface than the outer surface of the crucible. is important.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams for explaining the relationship between the glass viscosity of the crucible and the crystal layer.
- this quartz glass crucible 2A has the first crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13A only on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 in the quartz glass crucible 1 of FIG.
- the second crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13B formed on the outer surface 10b side is omitted.
- the ratio ⁇ o / ⁇ i of the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side to the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 at the heating temperature during the pulling process is 0.5 or more and 10 or less. Preferably there is. If the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 is too low ( ⁇ o / ⁇ i ⁇ 0.5), the inner surface 10a side of the crucible crystallizes at a relatively early stage of the pulling process and the strength increases.
- the glass on the outer surface 10b side cannot be adapted to the susceptor, and as a result, the outer glass layer descends and deforms as shown in FIG. As a result, the strength of the crucible decreases.
- the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 is too high ( ⁇ o / ⁇ i > 10), at the boundary between the inner glass layer and the outer glass layer as shown in FIG. The inner glass layer separates from the outer glass layer and deforms, and the crucible strength decreases.
- the ratio ⁇ o / ⁇ i of the glass viscosity between the outer surface 10b side and the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 is in the range of 0.5 to 10, the surface layer portion on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 is crystallized. Even if it shrinks and shrinks, it is possible to relieve the shrinkage stress and prevent the crucible from being deformed.
- the ratio ⁇ o / ⁇ i of the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side to the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 at the heating temperature during the pulling process to be 0.5 or more and 10 or less.
- Changes the type of raw material quartz powder constituting the inner surface 10a side of the crucible body 10 and the raw material quartz powder constituting the outer surface 10b side when the raw material quartz powder is arc-melted in a rotary mold to produce the crucible body 10. Can be realized. Specifically, it can be realized by using quartz powder having different impurity concentration, particle size, crystallization degree and the like.
- the type of raw material quartz powder constituting the inner surface side of the crucible and the raw material quartz powder constituting the outer surface side are often changed.
- a high-purity raw material quartz powder with as few impurities as possible is used on the inner surface side of the crucible, and a raw material quartz powder with a lower purity and lower cost is used on the outer surface side of the crucible with an emphasis on cost rather than purity.
- the thickness of the inner layer composed of the high-purity raw material is set to about 1 to 3 mm, which is thicker than the thickness at which the inner surface of the crucible melts into the silicon melt.
- the ratio of the thickness of the inner layer to the total thickness of the crucible is about 5 to 30%.
- the deformation of the crucible accompanying the formation of the inner crystal layer can be suppressed by controlling the glass viscosity ratio as described above. .
- FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic diagrams for explaining the relationship between the glass viscosity of the crucible and the crystal layer.
- this quartz glass crucible 2B has a second crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13B only on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 in the quartz glass crucible 1 of FIG.
- the first crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13A on the inner surface 10a side is omitted.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side to the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 at the heating temperature during the pulling process is 0.5 or more. Is preferred.
- the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 is too high ( ⁇ i / ⁇ o ⁇ 0.5), the inner glass layer is lowered and deformed as shown in FIG. Decreases in strength.
- the outer glass layer is held by the carbon susceptor in the CZ furnace as shown in FIG.
- the outer glass layer does not separate because it is pressed against the susceptor by its own weight and the weight of the silicon melt. Therefore, when the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity between the inner surface 10a side and the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 is 0.5 or more, the surface layer portion on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 is crystallized and contracted. However, it is possible to relax the shrinkage stress and prevent the crucible from being deformed.
- the ratio ⁇ i / ⁇ o of the glass viscosity ⁇ i on the inner surface 10a side to the glass viscosity ⁇ o on the outer surface 10b side of the crucible body 10 at the heating temperature during the pulling process is 0.5 or more.
- the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the inner crystal layer 14A and the outer crystal layer 14B is preferably 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less. According to this, even if there is a difference in shrinkage stress due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient or density between the crystal layer being heated and the glass layer, so long as the thickness of the crystal layer is uniform in the plane, such as wrinkles and cracks There is no origin of deformation of the crystal layer, and it is possible to make it difficult to generate wrinkles and cracks in the crystal layer.
- the in-plane concentration gradient of the crystallization accelerator in the first and second crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13A and 13B is preferably 40% or more and 150% or less. Since the in-plane concentration gradient of the crystallization accelerator in the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator is 40 to 150%, the in-plane gradient of the thickness of the crystal layer during the pulling process is 0.5 to 1.5. Can be within the range.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a quartz glass crucible according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the quartz glass crucible 5 is characterized in that the crystallization accelerator-containing coating films 13 ⁇ / b> A and 13 ⁇ / b> B respectively formed on the inner surface 10 a and the outer surface 10 b of the crucible body 10 are the upper end of the rim of the crucible body 10. It is in the point that is not formed. That is, a band-like region having a constant width downward from the rim upper end of the inner surface 10a of the crucible body 10 is a crystallization accelerator uncoated region 15A (hereinafter simply referred to as “uncoated region” in which the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13A is not formed.
- a crystallization accelerator uncoated region 15B (hereinafter simply referred to as" uncoated ") in which the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13B is not formed. Area 15B).
- the rim upper end portions (the rim upper end surface and the inner surface 10a and outer surface 10b near the rim upper end) are also provided. Crystallization and particles of crystal fragments generated from the crystallization region may be mixed into the silicon melt in the crucible, which may reduce the yield of the silicon single crystal.
- the uncoated regions 15A and 15B are provided, crystallization at the upper end of the rim can be suppressed, and a decrease in the yield of silicon single crystals due to generation of particles of crystal pieces at the upper end of the rim can be prevented. Can do.
- the uncoated areas 15A and 15B are preferably within a range of 2 mm or more and 40 mm or less downward from the upper end of the rim. This is because when the widths of the uncoated areas 15A and 15B are smaller than 2 mm, the effect of providing the uncoated areas 15A and 15B is not sufficient. Further, when the widths of the uncoated areas 15A and 15B are larger than 40 mm, the boundary position between the crystallization accelerator-containing coated film and the uncoated area may exist in the silicon melt. This is because if the boundary between the layer and the glass layer is immersed in the silicon melt, cracks are generated due to stress concentration in the boundary region, and the possibility of generating particles of crystal pieces increases.
- the quartz glass crucible 1 during the crystal pulling process is accommodated in the carbon susceptor 22, and the rim upper end portion of the quartz glass crucible 1 protrudes upward from the upper end of the carbon susceptor 22. Therefore, it is always free-standing without being supported by the carbon susceptor 22.
- the uncoated regions 15A and 15B are preferably provided in regions protruding upward from the upper end of the carbon susceptor 22 as described above.
- the width range of the uncoated areas 15A and 15B is preferably 0.02 to 0.1 times the length of the straight body 1a of the crucible. This is because the effect of providing the uncoated areas 15A and 15B is not sufficient when the width of the uncoated areas 15A and 15B is smaller than 0.02 times the length of the straight body 1a of the crucible. Further, when the widths of the uncoated areas 15A and 15B are larger than 0.1 times the length of the straight body 1a of the crucible, the uncoated areas are formed up to the area supported by the carbon susceptor 22. This is because the crucible may be deformed by the foaming / peeling of the crystal layer and the yield of the silicon single crystal may be deteriorated.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a method of forming the uncoated region 15B together with the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13B on the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible 5 shown in FIG.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13 ⁇ / b> B is formed on the outer surface 10 b of the crucible body 10, it can be formed by a spray method.
- the opening 10d of the crucible body 10 is covered with a polyethylene sheet (PE sheet) 41 to cover the opening 10d, and then the mouth of the opening 10d.
- the PE sheet 41 is fixed with a polypropylene band (PP band) 42 to seal the opening 10d.
- the crucible body 10 is placed on the rotary stage 40 with the opening 10d of the crucible body 10 facing downward, as shown in the figure, and the end 41e of the PE sheet 41 spreading outward from the fixing position by the PP band 42 is turned over and turned downward.
- the end portion 41 e of the PE sheet 41 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary stage 40 with the rubber band 43.
- a region having a constant width (2 to 40 mm) is masked by the PE sheet 41 and the PP band 42 from the upper end of the rim of the outer surface 10b of the crucible main body 10 and then the entire surface of the outer surface 10b of the crucible main body 10 is crystallized using the spray 45.
- the crystallization accelerator-containing coating solution By applying the crystallization accelerator-containing coating solution, the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13B can be formed, and the uncoated region 15B can be formed near the rim upper end of the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10.
- the above is an example of a method for forming the uncoated region 15B together with the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film 13B on the outer surface of the quartz glass crucible 5, but the crystallization promoter-containing coating film 13A is not formed on the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible 5 with the uncoated region 15B.
- the crystallization accelerator coating solution may be applied by a spray method in a state where a region of a certain width is masked downward from the upper end of the rim on the inner surface 10a of the crucible body 10.
- the inner crystal layer 14A may be a single-layer structure of a dome-shaped crystal layer
- the outer crystal layer 14B may be a random crystal layer or a dome-shaped crystal layer.
- the case where the crystallized state of the crucible used in the preceding crystal pulling process is fed back to the crucible used in the subsequent crystal pulling process is taken as an example. It is not limited. Therefore, for example, conditions for a simulation test using a quartz piece may be determined based on predetermined crystal pulling conditions, the quartz piece may be evaluated under this condition, and the coating conditions may be determined based on the evaluation result. That is, the crystallization state of the crystal layer formed on the surface layer of the quartz piece by heating during the simulation test simulating the crystal pulling process is analyzed, and used in the actual silicon single crystal pulling process based on the analysis result. You may adjust the density
- a spray method, a dip method, a curtain coat, etc. may be employed in addition to a method using a brush.
- the effect of the concentration of the barium compound coating solution on the crystallization state of the crystal layer was evaluated.
- an aqueous solution having a standard concentration in which 50 g / L of polyvinyl alcohol (thickener) was dissolved in barium acetate (metal ion 0.02M) was prepared, and the concentration of barium acetate in this aqueous solution was set to 0.01.
- Six types of coating solutions were prepared that were adjusted to double, 0.031 times, 0.063 times, 0.125 times, 0.5 times, and 2 times, respectively.
- twelve quartz glass plates were prepared and applied by immersing a set of two in a set time for each of six types of coating solutions after concentration adjustment.
- the barium concentration on the surface of the quartz glass plate was determined.
- the number of moles of barium is determined from the weight of the barium acetate aqueous solution reduced by immersing the quartz glass plate, and the number of barium atoms is calculated from the number of moles and the Avogadro constant.
- the barium concentration was determined from the surface area of the quartz glass plate to which the barium aqueous solution was adhered.
- the crystallization state of the surface layer portion of the 12 quartz glass plates after the heat treatment was observed with an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Furthermore, among the 12 quartz glass plates, the surface of the quartz glass plate that was heat-treated for 90 minutes with a coating solution having a concentration magnification of 0.031 times, 0.125 times, 0.5 times, and 2 times was measured by an X-ray diffraction method. Analysis was performed to determine the above-described peak intensity ratio A / B.
- the depth (detection depth) from the surface evaluated by X-rays is variable depending on the incident angle of X-rays, but here it was set to several nm to several tens of ⁇ m.
- Table 1 is a list of the evaluation test results of the quartz glass plate.
- the barium concentration (surface barium concentration) on the surface of the quartz glass plate sample A1 coated with the barium acetate aqueous solution having a concentration ratio of 0.01 times the reference concentration is 7.8 ⁇ 10 14 atoms / cm. 2
- the barium concentration on the surface of the quartz glass plate sample A2 coated with an aqueous barium acetate solution having a concentration magnification of 0.031 is 2.4 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 , both of which are randomly oriented cristobalite crystals. It was growth.
- the barium concentration on the surface of the quartz glass plate sample A3 coated with the barium acetate aqueous solution having a concentration factor of 0.063 is 4.9 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2
- the acetic acid having a concentration factor of 0.125 is used.
- the barium concentration on the surface of the quartz glass plate sample A4 coated with the barium aqueous solution was 9.7 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 , and both were crystal growths of cristobalite with dome-like orientation.
- the barium concentration on the surface of the quartz glass plate sample A5 coated with the barium acetate aqueous solution with a concentration magnification of 0.5 times becomes 3.9 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2
- the barium acetate aqueous solution with a concentration magnification of 2 times The barium concentration on the surface of the quartz glass plate sample A6 coated with No. was 1.6 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 , and both were crystal growths of cristobalite with columnar orientation.
- FIG. 16A is an image showing the observation result of the crystal layer by SEM.
- FIG. 16B is a graph showing the relationship between the heating time of the quartz glass plate and the thickness of the crystal layer formed on the surface layer portion of the quartz glass plate, the horizontal axis is the heating time, and the vertical axis is the crystal layer. Each thickness is shown.
- the thickness of the crystal layer after about 30 minutes from the start of heating is about 200 ⁇ m. In addition, it was about 200 ⁇ m even after 90 minutes, and almost no crystal layer was grown after 30 minutes from the start of heating. That is, the crystal growth rate after 30 minutes from the start of heating was approximately 0 ⁇ m / h.
- the crystal layer was crystal growth of the cristobalite of random orientation.
- the peak pattern as shown in FIG. 6A was obtained, and the above-described peak intensity ratio A / B was 8.
- the thickness of the crystal layer after about 30 minutes is about 250 ⁇ m, and after about 90 minutes, the thickness is about 400 ⁇ m.
- the crystal growth rate after 30 minutes from the start was approximately 150 ⁇ m / h.
- the crystal layer was crystal growth of the cristobalite of dome shape orientation. Both the width and length of the dome-shaped crystal grains were about 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the crystal structure of the crystal layer was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method, a peak pattern as shown in FIG. 6B was obtained, and the above-described peak intensity ratio A / B was 0.64.
- the thickness of the crystal layer after about 30 minutes was about 190 ⁇ m, but after about 90 minutes, it was about 600 ⁇ m.
- the crystal growth rate after 30 minutes from the start of heating was approximately 450 ⁇ m / h.
- the crystal layer was changed from dome-like orientation to columnar orientation crystal growth from the SEM image.
- the width of the columnar crystal grains is about 10 to 50 ⁇ m, the length is 50 ⁇ m or more, and many are about 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the crystal structure of the crystal layer was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method, a peak pattern as shown in FIG. 6C was obtained, and the above peak intensity ratio A / B was 0.16.
- the crystallized state of the crystal layer changes in order from random orientation to dome-like orientation to columnar orientation, which is four times the concentration when the dome orientation grows. From the above, it was found that the crystal layer surely changed from dome-like orientation growth to columnar orientation growth. Therefore, it can be seen that the barium concentration on the surface is 3.9 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 or more if the crystal layer has a columnar orientation.
- the barium concentration on the surface can also be obtained by analysis using fluorescent X-rays.
- Sample # 1 is obtained by applying the coating solution once to the outer surface of the crucible
- sample # 2 is obtained by applying the coating solution six times to the inner surface of the crucible
- sample # 3 is applied to the inner surface of the crucible. The liquid is applied five times. After application, water was evaporated in about 10 minutes and ethanol in about 30 minutes, and a firm film was formed with a thickener. After coating, the barium concentration on the surface of the crucible was determined from the amount of coating solution used.
- the silicon single crystal ingot was pulled up by the CZ method using the quartz glass crucible samples # 1 to # 3.
- the shape of the used crucible samples # 1 to # 3 was visually confirmed, and no deformation was observed in any of them. Further, the crystallization state of the crucible was evaluated from the SEM images of the cross sections of the used crucible samples # 1 to # 3, and the crystal structure of the crystal layer was analyzed by the X-ray diffraction method.
- Table 2 is a table showing the evaluation test results of the quartz glass crucible.
- FIGS. 17 to 19 are graphs of SEM images and X-ray diffraction spectra of the crystal layers of the crucible samples # 1 to # 3.
- the barium concentration on the outer surface of the sample # 1 of the quartz glass crucible in which the coating solution was applied once on the outer surface of the crucible was 1.1 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , and the cristobalite with dome-like orientation was obtained from the SEM image shown in FIG. The crystal growth was confirmed.
- the thickness of the outer crystal layer was about 360 ⁇ m.
- the peak intensity B (the right peak when 2 ⁇ is 33 to 40 °) is higher than the peak intensity A (the left peak when 2 ⁇ is 20 to 25 °).
- the peak pattern was small, and the above peak intensity ratio A / B was 1.7.
- the barium concentration of the inner surface of the crucible sample # 2 in which the coating liquid was applied six times to the inner surface of the crucible was 6.6 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2
- the columnar-oriented cristobalite crystals were obtained from the SEM image shown in FIG. I was able to confirm that it was growing.
- the thickness of the inner crystal layer was about 380 ⁇ m.
- the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the inner crystal layer had a peak pattern in which the peak intensity B was larger than the peak intensity A as shown in FIG. 18B, and the above-described peak intensity ratio A / B was 0.14.
- the barium concentration on the inner surface of the crucible sample # 3 in which the coating solution was applied five times to the inner surface of the crucible was 5.5 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , and the columnar-oriented cristobalite crystals were obtained from the SEM image shown in FIG. I was able to confirm that it was growing.
- the thickness of the inner crystal layer was approximately 350 ⁇ m.
- the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the inner crystal layer had a peak pattern in which the peak intensity B was larger than the peak intensity A as shown in FIG. 19B, and the above-described peak intensity ratio A / B was 0.23.
- the quartz glass crucible samples X1 to X11, Y1, and Y2 are obtained by forming a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film on both the inner surface 10a and the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10, and samples X12 to X18, Y3, Y4 is a film in which a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is formed only on the inner surface 10a, and samples X19 to X24, Y5, and Y6 are films in which a crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is formed only on the outer surface 10b.
- (Crucible sample X1) In the sample X1 of the quartz glass crucible, the conditions for the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator were set so that the thickness of the crystal layer was inner crystal layer> outer crystal layer. Specifically, the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the inner surface was 1 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the outer surface was 8 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 . The ratio of the Ba concentration in the inner surface coating film to the Ba concentration in the outer surface coating film formed by applying these coating solutions (Ba concentration ratio (inner surface / outer surface)) was 12.5. Further, the Ba concentration gradients in the inner surface coating film and the outer surface coating film were both in the range of 70 to 130%.
- the Ba concentration gradient is the amount of change in the Ba concentration in the coating film that changes at a position 1 cm apart in the vertical and horizontal directions, and in particular, the range from the center of the bottom of the crucible to the top of the straight body is 1 cm apart. This is the overall value when measured.
- An uncoated quartz glass crucible (crucible body) having a glass viscosity ratio (inside / outside) of 0.8 was used. The glass viscosity is measured by three-point bending inspection (beam bending) of a glass piece cut out from the crucible and is a destructive inspection. Therefore, an actual crucible sample is manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible subjected to the destructive inspection.
- the single crystal yield (weight of single crystal ingot / polycrystalline raw material input weight) was 89%, which was a favorable result.
- the appearance of the crucible after use was visually observed, there was no deformation, no wrinkles or cracks on the surface, and no peeling of the crystal layer was found.
- the crucible sample X1 after use was cut and the cross section thereof was observed with an SEM.
- the inner crystal layer had a dome shape + columnar orientation
- the outer crystal layer had a dome shape orientation.
- the thickness ratio of the inner crystal layer to the outer crystal layer was 4.5, and the thickness gradients of the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer were both in the range of 0.8 to 1.2.
- the thickness gradient like the Ba concentration gradient, is the amount of change in the crystal layer thickness that changes at a position 1 cm away in the vertical and horizontal directions, and particularly ranges from the bottom center of the crucible to the top of the straight body. It is the whole value when measured at intervals of 1 cm.
- the thickness of the Ba enriched layer was about 6 ⁇ m on both the inner surface side and the outer surface side.
- the crystal layer has a dome-like orientation or a columnar orientation, the inner surface glass viscosity is slightly low, so that the crystal acceleration is fast, and the Ba concentration in the coating film on the inner surface side is high.
- the layer became thicker.
- the crucible was not deformed, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane uniform, and there were no wrinkles or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the thickness of the Ba enriched layer was about 6 ⁇ m on both the inner surface side and the outer surface side.
- the crystal layer was in a dome-like orientation or a columnar orientation, and the inner glass viscosity was slightly high, so that the crystallization rate was slow and the outer crystal layer was thick.
- the crucible was not deformed, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane uniform, and there were no wrinkles or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the inner surface glass viscosity was high and the crystallization rate was low, but the inner crystal layer was thick because the inner surface Ba coating concentration was high.
- the crucible was not deformed, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane uniform, and there were no wrinkles or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the quartz glass crucible sample X4 had a lower internal glass viscosity than the sample X2, so that the crystallization speed was increased and the inner crystal layer was slightly thickened.
- the internal and external stresses were within a balanced range, the crucible was not deformed, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane uniform, and there were no wrinkles or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the Ba coating concentration on the inner surface side was too high as compared with the sample X1, but the crystallization speed was slow because the inner surface glass viscosity was high, and the inner crystal layer became thicker.
- the crucible was not deformed, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane uniform, and there were no wrinkles or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the inner surface is 6.0 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2, and the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the outer surface is 3.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2.
- a quartz glass crucible sample X6 produced under the same conditions as the crucible sample X2 except that the concentration ratio (inner surface / outer surface) is 0.2 and the glass viscosity ratio (inner / outer surface) of the crucible body is 0.8. When the crystal was pulled up by using it, the yield of the single crystal was 85%, which was a good result.
- the Ba coating concentration on the inner surface side is lower and the Ba coating concentration on the outer surface side is higher than that of the sample X2, but the crystallization speed is increased because the inner surface glass viscosity is lower, The outer crystal layer became thicker.
- the crucible was not deformed, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane uniform, and there were no wrinkles or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the crucible sample X1 is different from the crucible sample X1 except that there are locations where the thickness gradients of the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer are both 0.2, and there are locations where the Ba concentration gradients in the inner surface coating film and the outer surface coating film are both 30%.
- the single crystal yield was 81%, which was generally a good result.
- some wrinkles were observed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the crucible, but there was no deformation of the crucible, and no cracks or peeling of the crystal layer was found.
- Other evaluation results were the same as those of Sample X1.
- the inner crystal layer became thick because the inner surface glass viscosity was slightly lower but the Ba coating concentration on the inner surface side was high.
- the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane nonuniform and some wrinkles were observed.
- the inner surface glass viscosity is higher than in the sample X1, so the crystallization speed is slow, but the inner crystal layer is thick because the Ba coating concentration on the inner surface side is high.
- there was no deformation of the crucible because it was within the range where the internal and external stresses were balanced.
- the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane nonuniform and some wrinkles were observed.
- the thickness gradients of the inner crystal layer and the outer crystal layer were both 0.2.
- the inner crystal layer has a dome-like + columnar orientation
- the outer crystal layer has a dome-like orientation
- there is a Ba enriched layer having a thickness of about 7 ⁇ m at the inner surface side of the crystal glass interface and a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m at the outer side of the crystal glass interface. It was confirmed.
- Other evaluation results were the same as those of Sample X7.
- the inner surface glass viscosity is higher than that of the sample X1, so the crystallization speed is slow, but the inner side Ba layer is thicker because the inner surface Ba coating concentration is higher. .
- the crucible was not deformed because it was within the range where the internal and external stresses were balanced. Although there was no peeling or cracking of the crystal layer, the thickness of the crystal layer was in-plane nonuniform and some wrinkles were observed.
- Crystal sample X10 The Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the inner surface is 2.4 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 , the crystal layer thickness ratio (inner surface / outer surface) is 6.5, and the Ba concentration ratio of the coating film (inner / outer)
- the crystal pulling was performed using the quartz glass crucible sample X10 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample X1 except that the glass viscosity ratio (inside / outside) of the crucible body was 7.5, The single crystal yield was 80%, which was generally good.
- the inner crystal layer has a dome-like + columnar orientation
- the outer crystal layer has a dome-like orientation
- there is a Ba-enriched layer having a thickness of about 7 ⁇ m at the inner crystal glass interface and an approximately 6 ⁇ m thickness at the outer crystal glass interface. It was confirmed.
- Other evaluation results were the same as those of Sample X1.
- the inner surface glass viscosity is higher than that in the sample X1, so the crystallization speed is slow, but the inner crystal layer is thicker because the Ba coating concentration on the inner surface side is higher.
- the crucible was not deformed as the internal / external stress balance slightly deviated from the appropriate range. There was no peeling or cracking of the crystal layer, and the thickness of the crystal layer was uniform in the plane, but some wrinkles were seen in the inner crystal layer.
- the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the outer surface of the crucible body is 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 , the Ba concentration ratio (inside / outside) of the coating film is 0.08, and the glass viscosity ratio of the crucible body
- the quartz glass crucible sample X11 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample X2 except that (inside / outside) was 0.1 the single crystal yield was 86%, and good results It became. Further, when the crucible after use was evaluated, a slight wrinkle was observed on the outer surface of the crucible, but there was no deformation of the crucible, and no cracks or peeling of the crystal layer was found.
- the inner crystal layer was in a dome-like orientation
- the outer crystal layer was in a dome-like + columnar orientation
- the crystal layer thickness ratio (inner / outer) was 0.1.
- the presence of a Ba concentrated layer having a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m was confirmed at the crystal glass interface.
- Other evaluation results were the same as those of Sample X2.
- the inner surface glass viscosity is low, so that the crystallization speed is increased.
- the outer surface Ba coating concentration is high, the outer crystal layer is thickened.
- the crucible was not deformed as the internal / external stress balance slightly deviated from the appropriate range. There was no peeling or cracking of the crystal layer, and the thickness of the crystal layer was uniform in the plane, but some wrinkles were seen in the outer crystal layer.
- Crystal sample X12 A crucible sample except that the crystallization accelerator-containing coating film is not formed on the outer surface 10b of the crucible body 10 but only on the inner surface 10a, and the glass viscosity ratio (outer / inner side) of the crucible body is 3.0.
- the single crystal yield was 89%, which was a favorable result.
- the inner crystal layer was in a dome shape + columnar orientation, and the presence of a Ba enriched layer having a thickness of about 0.6 ⁇ m was confirmed at the crystal glass interface on the inner surface side.
- Other evaluation results were the same as those of Sample X1.
- the crystal orientation is within the range, the crucible is not deformed, the glass viscosity is within the appropriate range, the glass is not separated, and the thickness of the inner crystal layer is uniform in the plane. There was no peeling and good results were obtained.
- the crystal orientation is within the range, the crucible is not deformed, the glass viscosity is within the proper range, the glass is not separated, and the thickness of the inner crystal layer is uniform in the plane. There was no peeling and good results were obtained.
- the outer glass was lowered and the crucible was slightly deformed because the outer glass viscosity was low, but the inner crystal layer had a uniform thickness within the plane and no wrinkles or peeling.
- sample X15 of the silica glass crucible the outer glass viscosity was high and the crucible was slightly deformed due to the separation of the inner and outer glass, but the inner crystal layer had a uniform thickness within the surface and no wrinkles or peeling.
- Crystal pulling was performed using a quartz glass crucible sample X16 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample X12 except that there was a portion where the Ba concentration gradient in the inner surface coating film was 30%, and the single crystal yield was 80. The result was generally good. Moreover, when the crucible after use was evaluated, the inner crystal layer was in a dome shape + columnar orientation, and it was confirmed that a Ba enriched layer having a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m was present at the crystal glass interface on the inner surface side. In addition, there was a portion where the thickness gradient of the inner crystal layer was 0.2.
- the glass viscosity was within an appropriate range, and there was no glass separation, so there was no deformation of the crucible, and no cracks or crystal layer peeling was observed.
- the thickness of the inner crystal layer was in-plane nonuniform and some wrinkles were generated.
- the Ba enriched layer was slightly thick, so that some wrinkles occurred on the surface of the inner crystal layer, but there was no effect on the single crystal yield. Further, since the glass viscosity was within the proper range and there was no glass separation, there was no deformation of the crucible, and no cracks or peeling of the crystal layer was observed.
- the quartz glass crucible sample X18 since the Ba enriched layer was too thick, wrinkles and cracks were generated on the surface of the inner crystal layer, and the single crystal yield was lower than in the case of the crucible sample X17.
- the glass viscosity was within an appropriate range and there was no glass separation, so there was no deformation of the crucible, and no peeling of the crystal layer was observed.
- the crystal orientation is within the proper range, the crucible is not deformed, the glass viscosity is within the proper range, the glass is not separated, and the thickness of the outer crystal layer is uniform in the plane. There was no peeling or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- the crystal orientation is within the proper range, the crucible is not deformed, the glass viscosity is within the proper range, the glass is not separated, and the thickness of the outer crystal layer is uniform in the plane. There was no peeling or peeling, and good results were obtained.
- Crystal pulling is performed using the quartz glass crucible sample X23 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample X19 except that the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the outer surface of the crucible body is 4.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2. As a result, the single crystal yield was 88%, which was a favorable result. Further, when the crucible after use was evaluated, the outer crystal layer was in a dome shape + columnar orientation, and the presence of a Ba enriched layer having a thickness of about 50 ⁇ m was confirmed at the crystal glass interface on the outer surface side.
- the Ba enriched layer was slightly thick, so that some wrinkles occurred on the surface of the outer crystal layer, but there was no effect on the single crystal yield. Further, since the glass viscosity was within the proper range and there was no glass separation, there was no deformation of the crucible, and no cracks or peeling of the crystal layer was observed.
- Crystal pulling is performed using the quartz glass crucible sample X24 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample X19 except that the Ba concentration in the coating solution applied to the outer surface of the crucible body is 8.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2. As a result, the single crystal yield was 72%. Further, when the crucible after use was evaluated, the outer crystal layer was in a dome shape + columnar orientation, and the presence of a Ba enriched layer having a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m was confirmed at the crystal glass interface on the outer surface side.
- the quartz glass crucible sample X24 since the Ba enriched layer was too thick, wrinkles and cracks were generated on the surface of the outer crystal layer, and the single crystal yield was lower than in the case of the crucible sample X23. Although the glass viscosity was within the proper range, there was no glass separation and no peeling of the crystal layer, but the crucible was slightly deformed.
- the thickness of the Ba concentrated layer was below the detection limit ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m), and the presence of the Ba concentrated layer could not be confirmed.
- the crystal layer was randomly oriented, and the Ba enriched layer was also difficult to distinguish. Also, the Ba coating concentration on the inner surface side is too high, the inner glass viscosity is high, the crystallization rate is slow, the inner crystal layer is too thick, the internal and external stress balance is poor, and the crystal layer thickness is in-plane nonuniform. And crystal layer peeling occurred.
- the crystal layer was randomly oriented, and the Ba enriched layer was also difficult to discriminate. Further, the Ba coating concentration on the outer surface side is too high, and the outer glass viscosity is high, so the crystallization speed is slow, the outer crystal layer is too thick, the inner and outer stress balance is poor, and the crystal layer thickness is in-plane uneven. And crystal layer peeling occurred.
- the inner crystal layer was randomly oriented, and the presence of the Ba concentrated layer at the crystal glass interface on the inner surface side could not be confirmed ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m).
- the thickness gradient of the inner crystal layer was in the range of 0.5 to 1.5. The crucible was deformed because the inner crystal layer was thin, but the glass viscosity was within the proper range and there was no glass separation, and the inner crystal layer had a uniform in-plane thickness and no wrinkles or peeling.
- (Crucible sample Y4) A quartz glass crucible sample Y4 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample Y3 except that there is a portion where the Ba concentration gradient in the inner surface coating film is 30% and the glass viscosity ratio (outside / inside) of the crucible body is 12. As a result, the yield of the single crystal was 48%. Further, when the crucible after use was evaluated, the inner crystal layer was randomly oriented, and the presence of the Ba enriched layer at the crystal glass interface on the inner surface side could not be confirmed ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m). Also, the crucible was deformed due to the high viscosity of the outer glass and the separation of the inner and outer glass. The thickness of the inner crystal layer was in-plane nonuniform and wrinkles and cracks were generated, and further, the crystal layer was peeled off.
- the coating film containing the crystallization accelerator is not formed on the inner surface 10a of the crucible body 10, but only on the outer surface 10b, and the Ba concentration gradient in the outer surface coating film is in the range of 70 to 130%.
- the crystal pulling was performed using the quartz glass crucible sample Y5 manufactured under the same conditions as the crucible sample Y1 except that the glass viscosity ratio (outside / inside) was 3.0, the single crystal yield was 60%. It was.
- the outer crystal layer was randomly oriented, and the presence of the Ba enriched layer at the crystal glass interface on the outer surface side could not be confirmed ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m).
- the thickness gradient of the outer crystal layer was in the range of 0.8 to 1.2. Although the outer crystal layer was thin, the crucible was deformed, but the glass viscosity was within the proper range and there was no glass separation, the thickness of the outer crystal layer was uniform in the plane, and there was no wrinkle or peeling.
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Abstract
Description
石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX1では、結晶層の厚さが内側結晶層>外側結晶層となるように結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜の条件を設定した。詳細には、内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を1×1017atoms/cm2とし、外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を8×1015atoms/cm2とした。これらの塗布液を塗布して形成した外面塗布膜中のBa濃度に対する内面塗布膜中のBa濃度の比(Ba濃度比(内面/外面))は12.5であった。また、内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配はともに70~130%の範囲内であった。なお、Ba濃度勾配は、上下あるいは左右方向に1cm離れた位置において変化する塗布膜中のBa濃度の変化量であって、特にルツボの底部中心から直胴部の上部までの範囲を1cm間隔で測定したときの全体値である。未コートの石英ガラスルツボ(ルツボ本体)のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)は0.8のものを用いた。なおガラス粘度の測定はルツボから切り出したガラス片の3点曲げ検査(ビームベンディング)により行い、破壊検査であるため、実際のルツボサンプルは破壊検査したルツボと同じ条件で製造したものである。
石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX2では、結晶層の厚さが内側結晶層<外側結晶層となるように結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜の条件を設定した。詳細には、内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を8×1015atoms/cm2とし、外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度も8×1015atoms/cm2とした。これらの塗布液を塗布してルツボの内面及び外面にそれぞれ形成した塗布膜のBa濃度比(内面/外面)は1であった。また、内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配はともに70~130%の範囲内であった。未コートの石英ガラスルツボ(ルツボ本体)のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)は2.0のものを用いた。
ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が6.5である点以外はルツボサンプルX1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX3を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは86%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、結晶層厚比は1.5となり、内面側及び外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在がそれぞれ確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX1と同様となった。
ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が0.1である点以外はルツボサンプルX2と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX4を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは87%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層及び外側結晶層がともにドーム状配向となり、結晶層厚比(内面/外面)は1.2となり、内面側及び外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在がそれぞれ確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX2と同様となった。
内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を2.4×1017atoms/cm2とし、塗布膜のBa濃度比(内面/外面)が30であり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が2である点以外はルツボサンプルX1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX5を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは85%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、結晶層厚比(内面/外面)は2.5となった。また内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ7μm、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層がそれぞれ存在することが確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX1と同様となった。
内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を6.0×1015atoms/cm2とし、外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を3.0×1016atoms/cm2とし、塗布膜のBa濃度比(内面/外面)が0.2であり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が0.8である点以外はルツボサンプルX2と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX6を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは85%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層及び外側結晶層がともにドーム状配向となり、結晶層厚比(内面/外面)は0.6となった。また内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ5μm、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層がそれぞれ存在することが確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX2と同様となった。
内側結晶層及び外側結晶層の厚み勾配がともに0.2となる箇所があり、内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配がともに30%となる箇所があった点以外はルツボサンプルX1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX7を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは81%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、ルツボの内面及び外面に若干の皺が見られたが、ルツボの変形はなく、クラックや結晶層の剥離も見当たらなかった。また内側結晶層及び外側結晶層の厚み勾配がともに0.2となる箇所があった。その他の評価結果はサンプルX1と同様となった。
内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配がともに30%となる箇所があり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が6.5である点以外はルツボサンプルX7と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX8を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは79%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、ルツボの内面及び外面に若干の皺が見られたが、ルツボの変形はなく、クラックや結晶層の剥離も見当たらなかった。また内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜の厚み勾配はともに0.2となる箇所があった。内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、結晶層厚比(内面/外面)は1.5となった。その他の評価結果はサンプルX7と同様となった。
内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を2.4×1017atoms/cm2とし、塗布膜のBa濃度比(内側/外側)が30であり、内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配がともに30%となる箇所があり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が2である点以外はルツボサンプルX7と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX9を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは80%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、ルツボの内面及び外面に若干の皺が見られたが、ルツボの変形はなく、クラックや結晶層の剥離も見当たらなかった。また内側結晶層及び外側結晶層の厚み勾配はともに0.2となる箇所があった。内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約7μm、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層がそれぞれ存在することが確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX7と同様となった。
内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を2.4×1017atoms/cm2とし、結晶層厚比(内面/外面)が6.5であり、塗布膜のBa濃度比(内側/外側)が30であり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が7.5である点以外はルツボサンプルX1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX10を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは80%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、ルツボの内面に若干の皺が見られたが、ルツボの変形はなく、クラックや結晶層の剥離も見当たらなかった。内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約7μm、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層がそれぞれ存在することが確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX1と同様となった。
ルツボ本体の外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を1.0×1017atoms/cm2とし、塗布膜のBa濃度比(内側/外側)が0.08であり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が0.1である点以外はルツボサンプルX2と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX11を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは86%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、ルツボの外面に若干の皺が見られたが、ルツボの変形はなく、クラックや結晶層の剥離も見当たらなかった。また内側結晶層がドーム状配向、外側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、結晶層厚比(内側/外側)は0.1となった。さらに結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。その他の評価結果はサンプルX2と同様となった。
結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜をルツボ本体10の外面10bには形成せず、内面10aにのみ形成し、さらにルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(外側/内側)が3.0である点以外はルツボサンプルX1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX12を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは89%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約0.6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX1と同様となった。
ルツボサンプルX12と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX13を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは93%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約18μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX12と同様となった。
ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(外側/内側)が0.3である点以外はルツボサンプルX12と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX14を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは81%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(外側/内側)が12である点以外はルツボサンプルX12と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX15を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは81%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
内面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配が30%となる箇所があった点以外はルツボサンプルX12と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX16を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは80%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。また内側結晶層の厚み勾配は0.2となる箇所があった。
ルツボサンプルX12と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX17を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは83%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約50μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
ルツボサンプルX12と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX18を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは72%となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約80μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜をルツボ本体10の内面10aには形成せず、外面10bにのみ形成し、さらにルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が2.0である点以外はルツボサンプルX1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX19を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは88%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約0.6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX1と同様となった。
ルツボサンプルX19と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX20を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは93%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約18μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。その他の評価結果もサンプルX21と同様となった。
ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が0.3である点以外はルツボサンプルX19と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX21を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは80%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配が30%となる箇所があった点以外はルツボサンプルX19と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX22を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは79%となり、概ね良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がドーム状配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約6μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。また外側結晶層の厚み勾配は0.2となる個所があった。
さらに石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX22では、ガラス粘度が適正範囲内でガラス分離がないためルツボの変形もなく、クラックや結晶層の剥離も見られなかった。ただし、外側結晶層の厚さが面内不均一で若干の皺が発生していた。
ルツボ本体の外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を4.0×1017atoms/cm2とした点以外はルツボサンプルX19と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX23を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは88%となり、良好な結果となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約50μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
ルツボ本体の外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を8.0×1017atoms/cm2とした点以外はルツボサンプルX19と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX24を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは72%となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がドーム状+柱状配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面に厚さ約80μmのBa濃縮層の存在が確認された。
石英ガラスルツボのサンプルY1では、内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を3×1015atoms/cm2とし、また外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を1×1014atoms/cm2とした。塗布膜のBa濃度比(内面/外面)は30であった。また、内面塗布膜及び外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配はともに30%となる箇所があった。未コートの石英ガラスルツボ(ルツボ本体)のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)は30のものを用いた。
内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を1×1014atoms/cm2とし、また外面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を1×1015atoms/cm2とし、結晶層の厚み比(内側/外側)が0.1であり、塗布膜中のBa濃度比(内側/外側)が0.1であり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が0.1である点以外はルツボサンプルY1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルY2を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは53%となった。その他の評価結果もサンプルY1と同様となった。
結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜をルツボ本体10の外面10bには形成せず、内面10aにのみ形成し、内面に塗布する塗布液中のBa濃度を1×1014atoms/cm2とし、内面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配が40~150%の範囲内であり、さらにルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(外側/内側)が3.0である点以外はルツボサンプルY1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルX12を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは59%となった。
内面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配が30%となる箇所があり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(外側/内側)が12である点以外はルツボサンプルY3と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルY4を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは48%となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、内側結晶層がランダム配向となり、内面側の結晶ガラス界面にBa濃縮層の存在を確認できなかった(<0.1μm)。また外側ガラス粘度が高く内面と外面のガラス分離のためルツボが変形していた。内側結晶層の厚さは面内不均一で皺及びクラックが発生し、さらに結晶層の剥離も見られた。
結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜をルツボ本体10の内面10aには形成せず、外面10bにのみ形成し、外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配が70~130%の範囲内であり、さらにルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(外側/内側)が3.0である点以外はルツボサンプルY1と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルY5を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは60%となった。
外面塗布膜中のBa濃度勾配が30%となる個所があり、ルツボ本体のガラス粘度比(内側/外側)が0.3である点以外はルツボサンプルY5と同一条件で製造した石英ガラスルツボのサンプルY6を用いて結晶引き上げを行ったところ、単結晶歩留りは49%となった。また、使用後のルツボを評価したところ、外側結晶層がランダム配向となり、外面側の結晶ガラス界面にBa濃縮層の存在を確認できなかった(<0.1μm)。また外側結晶層の厚み勾配は0.2となる箇所があった。また内側ガラス粘度が低く内側ガラス下降分離のためルツボが変形していた。外側結晶層の厚さは面内不均一で皺及びクラックが発生し、さらに結晶層の剥離も見られた。
1a 石英ガラスルツボの直胴部
1b 石英ガラスルツボの底部
1c 石英ガラスルツボのコーナー部
2A,2B 石英ガラスルツボ
3 シリコン単結晶
4 シリコン融液
5 石英ガラスルツボ
10 ルツボ本体
10a ルツボ本体の内面
10b ルツボ本体の外面
10G ガラス層
10P 結晶化促進剤濃縮層(Ba濃縮層)
11 不透明層
12 透明層
13A 第1の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜
13B 第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜
14 結晶層
14A 内側結晶層
14B 外側結晶層
15A 結晶化促進剤未塗布領域
15B 結晶化促進剤未塗布領域
20 単結晶引き上げ装置
21 チャンバー
21a メインチャンバー
21b プルチャンバー
21c ガス導入口
21d ガス排出口
21e 覗き窓
22 カーボンサセプタ
23 回転シャフト
24 シャフト駆動機構
25 ヒーター
26 断熱材
27 熱遮蔽体
27a 熱遮蔽体の開口
28 結晶引き上げ用ワイヤー
29 ワイヤー巻き取り機構
30 CCDカメラ
31 画像処理部
32 制御部
40 回転ステージ
41 ポリエチレンシート(PEシート)
41e ポリエチレンシートの端部
42 ポリプロピレンバンド(PPバンド)
43 ゴムバンド
45 スプレー
Claims (20)
- チョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶の引き上げに用いられる石英ガラスルツボであって、
石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体と、
前記シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の表面近傍に結晶化促進剤濃縮層が形成されるように前記ルツボ本体の表面に形成された結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜とを備えることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボ。 - 前記結晶化促進剤濃縮層の厚みが0.1μm以上50μm以下である、請求項1に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 前記ルツボ本体は、
円筒状の直胴部と、
湾曲した底部と、
前記直胴部と前記底部とを繋ぐコーナー部とを有し、
前記結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜が少なくとも前記直胴部に形成されている、請求項1又は2に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。 - 前記結晶化促進剤がSiO2と2成分系以上のガラスを形成する化合物を含む、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- チョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶の引き上げに用いられる石英ガラスルツボであって、
石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体と、
前記シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の外面に形成される外側結晶層の厚みtoに対する前記ルツボ本体の内面に形成される内側結晶層の厚みtiの比ti/toが、0.3以上5以下となるように前記内面及び前記外面にそれぞれ形成された第1及び第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を備えることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボ。 - 前記第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の濃度coに対する前記第1の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の濃度ciの比ci/coが、0.3以上20以下である、請求項5に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 前記引き上げ工程中の加熱温度での前記ルツボ本体の外面側のガラス粘度ηoに対する内面側のガラス粘度ηiの比ηi/ηoが0.2以上5以下である、請求項6に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 前記第1の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の濃度と、前記第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の濃度が異なり、
前記ルツボ本体の内面及び外面のうち、結晶化促進剤の濃度が高い方の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜と接する面側のガラス粘度は、結晶化促進剤の濃度が低い方の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜と接する面側のガラス粘度よりも高い、請求項7に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。 - 前記内側結晶層及び前記外側結晶層それぞれの厚みの面内勾配が0.5以上1.5以下である、請求項5乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 前記第1及び第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の濃度の面内勾配が40%以上150%以下である、請求項5乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- チョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶の引き上げに用いられる石英ガラスルツボであって、
石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体と、
前記シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の内面に内側結晶層が形成されるように前記ルツボ本体の前記内面に形成された結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜とを備え、
前記引き上げ工程中の加熱温度での前記ルツボ本体の内面側のガラス粘度ηiに対する外面側のガラス粘度ηoの比ηo/ηiが0.5以上10以下であることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボ。 - 前記内側結晶層の厚みの面内勾配が0.5以上1.5以下である、請求項11に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 前記結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の面内の濃度勾配が40%以上150%以下である、請求項11又は12に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- チョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶の引き上げに用いられる石英ガラスルツボであって、
石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体と、
前記シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の外面に外側結晶層が形成されるように前記ルツボ本体の前記外面に形成された結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を備え、
前記引き上げ工程中の加熱温度での前記ルツボ本体の外面側のガラス粘度ηoに対する内面側のガラス粘度ηiの比ηi/ηoが0.5以上であることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボ。 - 前記外側結晶層の厚みの面内勾配が0.5以上1.5以下である、請求項14に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 前記結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜中の結晶化促進剤の面内の濃度勾配が40%以上150%以下である、請求項14又は15に記載の石英ガラスルツボ。
- 石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体を製造する工程と、
シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の内面及び外面の少なくとも一方の表面近傍に結晶化促進剤濃縮層が形成されるように、前記ルツボ本体の前記内面又は前記外面に結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を形成する工程とを備えることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボの製造方法。 - 石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体を製造する工程と、
シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の内面に内側結晶層が形成されるように前記内面に第1の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を形成する工程と、
シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の外面に厚みtoの外側結晶層が形成されるように、前記外面に第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を形成する工程とを備え、
前記第1及び第2の結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を形成する工程は、前記外側結晶層の厚みtoに対する前記内側結晶層の厚みtiの比ti/toが0.3以上5以下となるように結晶化促進剤の濃度が調整された結晶化促進剤を塗布する工程を含むことを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボの製造方法。 - 石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体を製造する工程と、
前記シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の内面に内側結晶層が形成されるように前記ルツボ本体の前記内面に結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜と形成する工程とを備え、
前記ルツボ本体を製造する工程は、原料石英粉を回転モールド内でアーク溶融する工程を含み、前記引き上げ工程中の加熱温度での前記ルツボ本体の内面側のガラス粘度ηiに対する前記ルツボ本体の外面側のガラス粘度ηoの比ηo/ηiが0.5以上10以下となるように前記ルツボの内面側を構成する原料石英粉と外面側を構成する原料石英粉の種類を変えることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボの製造方法。 - 石英ガラスからなる有底円筒状のルツボ本体を製造する工程と、
前記シリコン単結晶の引き上げ工程中の加熱によって前記ルツボ本体の外面に外側結晶層が形成されるように前記ルツボ本体の前記外面に結晶化促進剤含有塗布膜を形成する工程とを備え、
前記ルツボ本体を製造する工程は、原料石英粉を回転モールド内でアーク溶融する工程を含み、
前記引き上げ工程中の加熱温度での前記ルツボ本体の外面側のガラス粘度ηoに対する前記ルツボ本体の内面側のガラス粘度ηiの比ηi/ηoが0.5以上となるように前記ルツボの内面側を構成する原料石英粉と外面側を構成する原料石英粉の種類を変えることを特徴とする石英ガラスルツボの製造方法。
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