WO2018198421A1 - 切削工具およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
切削工具およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018198421A1 WO2018198421A1 PCT/JP2017/044829 JP2017044829W WO2018198421A1 WO 2018198421 A1 WO2018198421 A1 WO 2018198421A1 JP 2017044829 W JP2017044829 W JP 2017044829W WO 2018198421 A1 WO2018198421 A1 WO 2018198421A1
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- partial pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
- C04B35/5831—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride based on cubic boron nitrides or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4529—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied from the gas phase
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
- C04B41/5062—Borides, Nitrides or Silicides
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
- C04B41/5062—Borides, Nitrides or Silicides
- C04B41/5063—Aluminium nitride
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
- B23B2224/08—Aluminium nitride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
- B23B2224/32—Titanium carbide nitride (TiCN)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
- B23B2224/36—Titanium nitride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23B2226/12—Boron nitride
- B23B2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/08—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by physical vapour deposition [PVD]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23C2226/12—Boron nitride
- B23C2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23C2228/10—Coating
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cutting tool and a manufacturing method thereof.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-085897, which is a Japanese patent application filed on April 25, 2017. All the descriptions described in the Japanese patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composite high-hardness material for tools having a hard heat-resistant coating made of ceramic such as TiAlCN on the surface of a cBN sintered body.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a composite high-hardness material for tools having a hard heat-resistant coating made of ceramic such as TiAlCN on the surface of a cBN sintered body.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a composite high-hardness material for tools having a hard heat-resistant coating made of ceramic such as TiAlCN on the surface of a cBN sintered body.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-085465
- Patent Document 4 also show the surface of the base material of the cBN sintered body.
- a cutting tool having a ceramic coating formed thereon is disclosed.
- the cutting tool includes a base material and a coating that contacts the base material and covers the base material.
- the substrate is a cubic boron nitride sintered body.
- the coating is ceramic.
- the amount of oxygen in the coating is 0.040% by mass or less.
- a method for manufacturing a cutting tool includes: placing a base material that is a cubic boron nitride sintered body in a chamber; and irradiating the surface of the base material with inert gas ions.
- the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a cutting tool according to the present embodiment.
- the present disclosure provides a cutting tool having excellent coating peel resistance and a method for manufacturing the cutting tool. [Effects of the present disclosure] According to the above, it is possible to provide a cutting tool having excellent coating peel resistance.
- M to N means the upper and lower limits of the range (that is, not less than M and not more than N), and there is no unit in M, but only in N.
- the unit of M and the unit of N are the same.
- the present inventor has focused on the fact that the adhesion force between the base material and the film decreases due to a trace amount of oxygen at the interface between the base material and the film, and as a result of intensive studies, the amount of oxygen in the film in contact with the base material is specified. As a result, it was found that the coating was difficult to peel off, and the cutting tool according to the present disclosure was completed.
- a cutting tool includes a base material and a coating that covers the base material in contact with the base material.
- the substrate is a cubic boron nitride sintered body.
- the coating is ceramic.
- the amount of oxygen in the coating is 0.040% by mass or less.
- the amount of oxygen in the coating is 0.010% by mass or less.
- the cubic boron nitride sintered body is composed of 30% to 90% by volume of cubic boron nitride and the remaining binder.
- the binder is a compound composed of at least one element selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements of the periodic table and Si, and at least one element selected from N, C, B, O, and It consists of at least one selected from the solid solution, at least one of Al and an Al compound, and inevitable impurities.
- the thickness of the coating is 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the ceramic is at least one compound composed of at least one element selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements, Al and Si, and at least one selected from C and N. including.
- At least one of Al and an Al compound increases the bonding force between the cBN particles, and improves the toughness and strength of the cBN sintered body.
- a compound in which the binder is composed of at least one element selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements and Si, and at least one selected from N, C, B, O is composed of at least one selected from solid solutions thereof, the strength and wear resistance of the substrate are improved.
- the adhesiveness with the base material can be further improved by the thickness of the coating film, and the productivity is excellent.
- the composition of the film a film having high hardness and excellent wear resistance can be obtained.
- a method for manufacturing a cutting tool includes installing a base material, which is a cubic boron nitride sintered body, in a chamber, and irradiating the surface of the base material with inert gas ions generated in the chamber.
- the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the chamber is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- the above production method can easily form a film having an oxygen amount of 0.040% by mass or less, and can reduce the amount of oxygen at the interface between the film and the substrate. Thereby, the adhesiveness of a base material and a film improves, and the peeling resistance of a film improves.
- the total partial pressure of oxygen partial pressure and moisture pressure in the chamber is 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less.
- the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 Pa or less.
- the present embodiment an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described. However, this embodiment is not limited to these.
- the same reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts.
- the atomic ratio when a compound or the like is represented by a chemical formula, when the atomic ratio is not particularly limited, it includes any conventionally known atomic ratio, and is not necessarily limited to a stoichiometric range.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a cutting tool according to the present embodiment.
- the cutting tool 10 includes a base material 11 and a coating 12 that contacts the base material 11 and covers the base material 11.
- the coating 12 preferably covers the entire surface of the substrate 11, but even if a part of the substrate 11 is not covered with the coating 12 or the configuration of the coating 12 is partially different, the present invention is applicable. It does not deviate from the scope.
- the shape and application of the cutting tool 10 are not particularly limited.
- a pin for pin milling of a shaft can be exemplified.
- the cutting tool 10 is not limited to one having the above-described configuration in which the entire tool includes the base material 11 and the coating 12 formed on the base material 11, but a part of the tool (particularly a cutting edge part (cutting edge part)) and the like. Including only those having the above-described configuration.
- the cutting tool according to this embodiment includes only the cutting edge portion of a base body (support) made of cemented carbide or the like having the above-described configuration.
- the cutting edge portion is regarded as a cutting tool in terms of words. In other words, even when the configuration occupies only a part of the cutting tool, the configuration is referred to as a cutting tool.
- the substrate 11 is a cBN sintered body made of cBN and a binder.
- the cBN sintered body is composed of, for example, 30 to 90% by volume of cBN and the remaining binder.
- the content ratio (volume%) of cBN in the substrate 11 can be achieved by setting the volume% of the cBN powder used in the production of the cBN sintered body as the substrate 11 within the above range.
- ICP inductively coupled high-frequency plasma spectroscopy
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the content ratio (volume%) of cBN can be obtained as follows. First, the arbitrary position of the cutting tool 10 is cut
- binarization processing is performed on the reflected electron image using image analysis software (for example, “WinROOF” manufactured by Mitani Corporation), and each area ratio is calculated from the image after binarization processing.
- image analysis software for example, “WinROOF” manufactured by Mitani Corporation
- the content ratio (volume%) of cBN can be obtained. In this way, the volume% of the binder can be determined at the same time.
- the binder is selected from Group 4 elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Group 5 elements (V, Nb, Ta, etc.), Group 6 elements (Cr, Mo, W, etc.) and Si of the periodic table.
- a compound comprising at least one element and at least one selected from N, C, B, and O, and at least one selected from solid solutions thereof, and Al and Al compounds (for example, nitrides) , Borides and oxides) and inevitable impurities resulting from raw materials used, production conditions, and the like.
- a compound such as aluminum boride (AlB 2 ) and aluminum nitride (AlN) reacts with cBN during sintering under high temperature and high pressure, and is generated at the interface between the cBN particles and the binder. Increase the bonding force between the particles and improve the toughness and strength of the sintered body.
- the peeling resistance of the cutting tool 10 can be improved by including Al and an Al compound in the binder.
- the Al compound include AlCrN, AlN, and Al 2 O 3 .
- the type and content ratio (% by mass) of the compound contained in the binder can be specified as follows. First, a sample including a cross section of a cBN sintered body is prepared in accordance with the above-described method for determining the content ratio of cBN. Next, the type and content ratio of the element are calculated using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) attached to the SEM or TEM. Then, the kind of compound and each content rate are estimated using an X-ray diffractometer, and the content rate of each compound is calculated from these results.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- the coating 12 is formed immediately above the substrate 11 and covers the substrate 11 in contact with the substrate 11.
- the amount of oxygen atoms (O) in the coating 12 (hereinafter also referred to as “oxygen amount”) is 0.040% by mass or less including the interface with the substrate 11, and preferably 0.010% by mass. Or less, more preferably 0.005% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of oxygen in the coating is not particularly limited, and is ideally 0% by mass. However, if it is less than 0.001% by mass, it is difficult to produce and the cost is increased.
- the amount of oxygen in the coating 12 is an area from at least the surface of the coating 12 to the interface between the coating 12 and the substrate 11 by irradiating the surface of the coating 12 with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). It is calculated by analyzing the mass of each element at (detection depth: 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m). The detection depth depends on the acceleration voltage in EDX and the composition of the coating 12. For example, when the composition of the film 12 is TiAlN and the acceleration voltage in EDX is 15 eV, the detection depth is about 2 ⁇ m.
- the acceleration voltage in EDX may be set so that the detection depth is about the same as the distance from the surface of the coating 12 to the interface between the coating 12 and the substrate 11. Note that the amount of oxygen on the surface of the substrate 11 also affects the adhesion between the substrate 11 and the coating 12. Therefore, the detection depth may be set so as to detect a part of the base material 11 near the interface with the coating 12. That is, the acceleration voltage in EDX may be set so that the detection depth is equal to or greater than the distance from the surface of the coating 12 to the interface between the coating 12 and the substrate 11.
- the surface of the base material 11 has minute irregularities by a bombard process described later. It is considered that the base material 11 and the coating film 12 are in close contact with each other due to the anchor effect caused by the crystal growth caused by the penetration of the components of the coating film 12 into the unevenness. It is presumed that oxygen at the interface between the substrate 11 and the coating 12 exists in an amorphous state with a remarkably low strength. The amorphous oxygen becomes a starting point of destruction and causes peeling of the film 12 accompanied by microfracture. Therefore, the adhesive force between the base material 11 and the coating film 12 tends to decrease.
- the coating 12 is a hard ceramic.
- the ceramic is at least one compound comprising at least one element selected from periodic group 4, 5, 6 elements, Al and Si and at least one selected from C and N including.
- the compound include TiN, AlN, CrN, TiSiN, ZrN, AlZrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN, TiAlCrSiN, AlCrN, AlCrSiN, TiZrN, TiAlMoN, TiAlNbN, AlCrTaN, AlTiVN, TiCrHfN, CrSiWN, TiHfN, TiAlN, TiHN Examples thereof include TiBN, TiCBN, TiAlCN, AlCN, AlCrCN, CrCN, TiSiCN, ZrCN, AlCrMoCN, and AlTiVCN.
- the hardness of the coating 12 is improved and the wear resistance is improved. Further, as the wear resistance of the coating 12 is improved, the cutting resistance is hardly increased, the coating is hardly peeled off, and the wear is hardly developed. Further, undulation is unlikely to occur during processing, processing can be performed with high dimensional accuracy, and the service life is improved.
- the thickness of the coating is preferably 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m. By setting the thickness of the coating within the range, the adhesion to the substrate and the wear resistance are compatible at a high level, and as a result, the productivity is excellent.
- a thin film of one layer or two or more layers may be formed on the surface of the film 12 as the second film.
- examples of such a thin film include a film having a material of any one of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides and oxides of group 4 elements.
- the manufacturing method of the cutting tool of this embodiment is a method of manufacturing the above-described cutting tool, in which a base material which is a cBN sintered body is installed in a chamber of a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) apparatus, and inert gas ions are formed.
- the first step (bombarding step) for cleaning the surface of the base material by irradiating the surface of the base material, and after the first step, the physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) was used to install in the chamber.
- a second step film formation step of forming a ceramic film on the surface of the substrate. In the first step and the second step, the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- the base material which is a cBN sintered compact is installed in the chamber of a commercially available PVD apparatus.
- a vacuum pump is connected to the chamber, and the pressure in the chamber is reduced.
- a gas partial pressure control device is connected to the chamber to control the oxygen partial pressure and moisture pressure in the chamber.
- the gas partial pressure control device a known gas purification device, oxygen partial pressure control device, or the like can be used.
- the base material is produced using a known method.
- a base material is obtained by sintering a mixture of cBN particles and a raw material powder of a binder, and adjusting the mixing ratio of cBN particles to 30% by volume or more and 90% by volume or less under high temperature and high pressure. Produced.
- the chamber is evacuated by a vacuum pump and the gas partial pressure control device is operated so that the total partial pressure of oxygen partial pressure and moisture pressure in the chamber is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ Wait until the first set value of 3 Pa or less is reached.
- an inert gas for example, Ar gas
- inert gas ions are generated by plasma discharge.
- a negative high voltage for example, ⁇ 1000 V
- an inert gas ion is irradiated to the substrate surface, and the substrate surface is cleaned.
- the gas partial pressure control device and the chamber are connected when the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and moisture pressure falls below the first set value. Cut off. As a result, the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber is stabilized below the first set value.
- Second Step (Film Formation Step) >> Next, the inert gas is exhausted from the chamber by operating the vacuum pump. Thereafter, the gas partial pressure control device is operated to wait until the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber reaches a second set value of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less. Note that the second set value may be the same as or different from the first set value.
- a film is formed on the substrate surface by physical vapor deposition. Any conventionally known method (such as an arc ion plating method or a sputtering method) can be employed as the physical vapor deposition method. Alternatively, a film may be formed by introducing a reactive gas (for example, N 2 gas) into the chamber and causing a chemical reaction between the target vaporized gas and the reactive gas.
- a reactive gas for example, N 2 gas
- the thickness of the coating is controlled by the film formation time.
- the composition of the coating is adjusted by the target raw material composition and the reactive gas.
- the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the chamber are monitored, and when the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure falls below the second set value, the gas partial pressure control device and the chamber Disconnect the connection. As a result, the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber is stabilized below the second set value.
- the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the chamber is kept at 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less. Thereby, the amount of oxygen on the substrate surface can be reduced. Also in the subsequent film forming process, the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the chamber is maintained at 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less. As a result, the amount of oxygen in the coating including the interface with the substrate becomes 0.040% by mass or less, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in the adhesion between the coating and the substrate due to oxygen, and the peel resistance of the coating Can be improved. Moreover, the lifetime of a cutting tool can be lengthened by the adhesiveness of a film and a base material improving.
- the lower limit of the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber is not particularly limited and is ideally 0 Pa, but in consideration of manufacturing costs, the normal operation of the gas partial pressure control device Is preferably as low as possible within a controllable range.
- the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in the chamber is preferably maintained at 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less.
- the amount of oxygen in the film can be further reduced (for example, 0.010% by mass or less), and the adhesion between the film and the substrate can be further improved.
- the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber is maintained at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 Pa or less.
- the amount of oxygen in the film can be further reduced (for example, 0.005% by mass or less), and the adhesion between the film and the substrate can be further improved.
- Sample No. The cutting tools 1 to 3, 5 and 6 are provided with the above-described coating.
- Sample No. 4 and 7 are comparative examples.
- cBN is 60% by volume.
- the cBN sintered compact tool contains TiN and Al as a binder.
- a gas purifier (“Puremate 1100” manufactured by Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation) was installed in the pipe between the chamber and the vacuum pump.
- the gas purification device is a device that removes oxygen and water in the chamber by a filter using a catalyst and an adsorbent. Then, the chamber was evacuated by operating the vacuum pump and the gas purifier, and waited until the degree of vacuum in the chamber was 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, the oxygen partial pressure was APa, and the water pressure was BPa. Thereafter, Ar gas was introduced into the chamber, and a voltage of ⁇ 1000 V was applied to the cBN sintered body tool in an atmosphere of 2 Pa to clean the surface of the cBN sintered body tool.
- the purification function by the gas purifier was stopped when the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber reached APa and the water pressure reached BPa so that the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber was stabilized at APa and the water pressure was BPa. Specifically, the filter of the gas purifier was removed.
- ⁇ Film formation process Next, the chamber is heated to 500 ° C., the Ar gas is exhausted, N 2 gas as a reactive gas is introduced into the chamber at a flow rate of 300 cm 3 / min, and the gas purifier is operated. It waited until the oxygen partial pressure in a chamber became CPa and the water pressure became DPa. When the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber reached CPa and the water pressure reached DPa, the purification function by the gas purifier was stopped, and the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber was maintained at CPa and the water pressure was maintained at DPa.
- the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the bombardment process and the film formation process were measured using a “quadrupole mass spectrometer” manufactured by Canon Anelva Inc.
- the gas partial pressures A, B, C, and D were varied, so that the sample No. 1-3 cutting tools were produced.
- sample No. 4 ⁇ Sample No. Preparation of cutting tool 4> Sample No. except that no gas purifier is used. In the same manner as in 1-3, sample no. 4 cutting tools were produced. That is, sample no. In the state where the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the chamber are higher than those of 1-3, sample No. 4 cutting tools were produced.
- Sample No. Production of 5 and 6 cutting tools> ⁇ Bombard process ⁇ Sample No.
- the same cBN sintered body tools as 1 to 4 were placed in the chamber of an arc ion plating type PVD apparatus.
- a vacuum pump and an oxygen partial pressure control device (“SiOC-200C” manufactured by Estee Labo Inc.) were connected to the chamber by separate pipes.
- a valve was provided in the pipe connecting the chamber and the oxygen partial pressure control device.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device is a device that can control the oxygen partial pressure lower than that of the gas purification device.
- the chamber was evacuated and waited until the degree of vacuum in the chamber was 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, the oxygen partial pressure was APa, and the water pressure was BPa. . Thereafter, Ar gas was introduced into the chamber, and a voltage of ⁇ 1000 V was applied to the cBN sintered body tool in an atmosphere of 2 Pa to clean the surface of the cBN sintered body tool. During the cleaning, the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber is stabilized at APa and the water pressure is stabilized at BPa so that the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber reaches APa and the water pressure reaches BPa. Closed the valve.
- a voltage of ⁇ 35 V is applied to the cBN sintered body tool, and the target of the AlCr alloy (Al: Cr composition ratio of 1: 1) is evaporated and ionized by vacuum arc discharge (arc current 100 A), and the vaporized gas and It is reacted with N 2 gas, to form a film of AlCrN the surface of the cBN sintered body tool.
- the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the bombardment process and the film formation process were measured using a “quadrupole mass spectrometer” manufactured by Canon Anelva Inc.
- the gas partial pressures A, B, C, and D were varied, so that the sample No. 5 and 6 cutting tools were produced.
- sample no. 7 cutting tool production> Except that the oxygen partial pressure control device is not used, sample no. In the same manner as in samples 5 and 6, sample no. 7 cutting tools were produced. That is, sample no. In the state where the oxygen partial pressure and the water pressure in the chamber are higher than those in Samples Nos. 7 cutting tools were produced.
- the intersection of the straight line connecting the point when the peel area exceeds 5000 ⁇ m 2 and the origin and the straight line having the peel area of 5000 ⁇ m 2 is The cutting distance at the specified intersection was identified as the life distance.
- Table 1 shows Sample No. For each of the cutting tools 1 to 7, the oxygen partial pressure A and the water pressure B in the bombarding process, the oxygen partial pressure C and the water pressure D in the film forming process, the thickness of the film, the amount of oxygen in the film, The measurement result of the peeling area at the time of .8km cutting and a life distance is shown.
- the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in each of the bombardment step and the film formation step is limited to 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, and the oxygen amount in the film is 0.010% by mass. It became the following. Thereby, the adhesiveness of a base material and a film further improved, the peeling area at the time of 0.8 km cutting was suppressed to less than 350 micrometer ⁇ 2 >, and it was confirmed that a lifetime distance becomes 2.5 km or more. Therefore, the total partial pressure of the oxygen partial pressure and the moisture pressure in each of the bombardment step and the film formation step is preferably 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, and the oxygen amount in the coating is 0.010 mass. % Or less was confirmed to be preferable.
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Abstract
Description
ところで近年、鋼、焼入鋼または難削鋳鋼に対する高能率加工および高精度加工の要求が高まっている。しかしながら、従来の切削工具では、このような被加工材を切削するときに被膜が剥離しやすく、優れた加工精度を得ることができない。
[本開示の効果]
上記によれば、被膜の耐剥離性に優れた切削工具を提供することができる。
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。なお、本明細書において「M~N」という形式の表記は、範囲の上限下限(すなわちM以上N以下)を意味し、Mにおいて単位の記載がなく、Nにおいてのみ単位が記載されている場合、Mの単位とNの単位とは同じである。
以下、本発明の一実施形態(以下「本実施形態」と記す)について説明する。ただし、本実施形態はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお以下の実施の形態の説明に用いられる図面において、同一の参照符号は、同一部分または相当部分を表わす。また、本明細書において化合物などを化学式で表す場合、原子比を特に限定しないときは従来公知のあらゆる原子比を含むものとし、必ずしも化学量論的範囲のものに限定されるものではない。たとえば「AlCrN」と記載されている場合、AlCrNを構成する原子数の比はAl:Cr:N=0.5:0.5:1に限られず、従来公知のあらゆる原子比が含まれる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る切削工具の構成の一例を示す部分断面図である。図1に示されるように、切削工具10は、基材11と、基材11に接して基材11を被覆する被膜12とを備える。被膜12は、基材11の全面を被覆することが好ましいが、基材11の一部がこの被膜12で被覆されていなかったり、被膜12の構成が部分的に異なっていたりしたとしても本発明の範囲を逸脱するものではない。
基材11は、cBNと結合材とからなるcBN焼結体である。cBN焼結体は、たとえば30~90体積%のcBNと残部の結合材とからなる。
被膜12は、基材11の直上に形成され、基材11と接して基材11を被覆する。被膜12中の酸素原子(O)の量(以下、「酸素量」ともいう。)は、基材11との界面も含めて、0.040質量%以下であり、好ましくは0.010質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.005質量%以下である。なお、被膜中の酸素量の下限は特に限定されるものではなく、理想的には0質量%であるが、0.001質量%未満の場合には製造上困難となり高コストとなる。
本実施形態の切削工具の製造方法は、上述の切削工具を製造する方法であって、cBN焼結体である基材をPVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)装置のチャンバ内に設置し、不活性ガスイオンを基材の表面に照射することによって、基材の表面をクリーニングする第1工程(ボンバード工程)と、第1工程の後に、物理蒸着法(PVD法)を用いて、チャンバ内に設置された基材の表面上にセラミックスの被膜を形成する第2工程(成膜工程)とを備える。第1工程および第2工程において、チャンバ内の酸素分圧と水分圧との合計分圧は5×10-3Pa以下である。以下、各工程について詳述する。
市販のPVD装置のチャンバ内にcBN焼結体である基材を設置する。チャンバには真空ポンプが接続され、チャンバ内が減圧される。さらに、チャンバにはガス分圧制御装置が接続され、チャンバ内の酸素分圧および水分圧が制御される。ガス分圧制御装置として、公知のガス精製装置および酸素分圧制御装置などを用いることができる。
次に、真空ポンプを動作させてチャンバ内から不活性ガスを排気する。その後、ガス分圧制御装置を動作させて、チャンバ内の酸素分圧と水分圧との合計分圧が5×10-3Pa以下の第2設定値になるまで待機する。なお、第2設定値は、第1設定値と同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
《ボンバード工程》
ISO規格のCNGA120408の形状を有する市販のcBN焼結体工具(住友電気工業株式会社製「BNX20」)を、アークイオンプレーティング方式のPVD装置のチャンバ内に設置した。当該cBN焼結体工具において、cBNは60体積%である。また、cBN焼結体工具は、結合材としてTiN、Alを含む。
次に、チャンバ内を500℃まで加熱し、Arガスを排気した後、反応性ガスとしてのN2ガスを300cm3/分の流速でチャンバ内に導入するとともに、ガス精製装置を動作させて、チャンバ内の酸素分圧がCPa、水分圧がDPaになるまで待機した。チャンバ内の酸素分圧がCPa、水分圧がDPaに到達したときにガス精製装置による精製機能を停止し、チャンバ内の酸素分圧をCPa、水分圧をDPaに維持させた。その後、cBN焼結体工具に-35Vの電圧を印加し、真空アーク放電(アーク電流100A)によってTiAl合金(TiとAlとの組成比1:1)のターゲットを蒸発イオン化させ、当該気化ガスとN2ガスとを反応させて、cBN焼結体工具の表面にTiAlNの被膜を形成した。
ガス精製装置を用いない点を除いて試料No.1~3と同じ方法により、試料No.4の切削工具を作製した。すなわち、試料No.1~3よりもチャンバ内の酸素分圧および水分圧が高い状態で、試料No.4の切削工具を作製した。
《ボンバード工程》
試料No.1~4と同じcBN焼結体工具を、アークイオンプレーティング方式のPVD装置のチャンバ内に設置した。チャンバには真空ポンプおよび酸素分圧制御装置(エスティー・ラボ株式会社製「SiOC-200C」)をそれぞれ別の配管によって接続した。チャンバと酸素分圧制御装置とを接続する配管には弁を設けた。酸素分圧制御装置は、上記のガス精製装置よりも酸素分圧をより低く制御することができる装置である。そして、真空ポンプおよび酸素分圧制御装置を動作させることにより、チャンバ内を真空排気し、チャンバ内の真空度が10-4Pa以下、酸素分圧がAPa、水分圧がBPaになるまで待機した。その後、Arガスをチャンバ内に導入し、2Paの雰囲気中でcBN焼結体工具に-1000Vの電圧を印加して、cBN焼結体工具の表面を洗浄した。洗浄中においてチャンバ内の酸素分圧がAPa、水分圧がBPaで安定するように、チャンバ内の酸素分圧がAPa、水分圧がBPaに到達したときに酸素分圧制御装置とチャンバとの間の弁を閉じた。
次に、チャンバ内を500℃まで加熱し、Arガスを排気した後、反応性ガスとしてのN2ガスを300cm3/分の流速でチャンバ内に導入するとともに、酸素分圧制御装置を動作させて、チャンバ内の酸素分圧がCPa、水分圧がDPaになるまで待機した。チャンバ内の酸素分圧がCPa、水分圧がDPaに到達したときに酸素分圧制御装置とチャンバとの間の弁を閉じ、チャンバ内の酸素分圧をCPa、水分圧をDPaに維持させた。その後、cBN焼結体工具に-35Vの電圧を印加し、真空アーク放電(アーク電流100A)によってAlCr合金(AlとCrとの組成比1:1)のターゲットを蒸発イオン化させ、当該気化ガスとN2ガスとを反応させて、cBN焼結体工具の表面にAlCrNの被膜を形成した。
酸素分圧制御装置を用いない点を除いて試料No.5,6と同じ方法により、試料No.7の切削工具を作製した。すなわち、試料No.5,6よりもチャンバ内の酸素分圧および水分圧が高い状態で、試料No.7の切削工具を作製した。
試料No.1~7の切削工具における破断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製「JSM-7800F」)を用いて撮像し、刃先近傍の5カ所における被膜の厚みを測定し、その平均値を算出した。
エネルギー分散型X線分析装置(アメテック株式会社製「Pegasus」)を用いて、被膜の表面にX線を照射し、被膜中の酸素量の質量百分率を測定した。エネルギー分散型X線分析装置の測定条件は、加速電圧15eVとした。また、被膜の表面の5カ所における酸素量を測定し、その平均値を取った。
試料No.1~7の切削工具をそれぞれ用いて、次に示す切削条件に従って0.5秒間切削し、1秒間切削工具を被削材から離すサイクルを640回(切削距離0.8kmに相当)繰り返した。そして、走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製「JSM-7800F」)を用いて切削工具の逃げ面の反射電子像を撮像し、剥離領域の面積(以下、剥離面積という。)を画像解析ソフト(三谷商事株式会社製「WinROOF」)を用いて算出した。さらに、剥離面積が5000μm2を超えるまで上記のサイクルを繰り返し、剥離面積が5000μm2となるときの切削距離を寿命距離として算出した。具体的には、横軸を切削距離、縦軸を剥離面積とするグラフにおいて、剥離面積が5000μm2を超えたときの点と原点とを結ぶ直線と、剥離面積5000μm2の直線との交点を特定し、特定した交点における切削距離を寿命距離とした。
被削材:浸炭焼入鋼(SCM415H、硬度HRC60)
切削速度:Vc=150m/分
送り量:f=0.2mm/rev
切込み:ap=0.2mm
切削油:有(wet状態)。
表1は、試料No.1~7の切削工具の各々について、ボンバード工程における酸素分圧Aおよび水分圧Bと、成膜工程における酸素分圧Cおよび水分圧Dと、被膜の厚みと、被膜中の酸素量と、0.8km切削時の剥離面積と、寿命距離との測定結果を示す。
Claims (6)
- 基材と、前記基材に接して前記基材を被覆する被膜とを備える切削工具であって、
前記基材は立方晶窒化硼素焼結体であり、
前記被膜はセラミックスであり、
前記被膜中の酸素量は0.040質量%以下である、切削工具。 - 前記被膜中の酸素量は0.010質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の切削工具。
- 前記立方晶窒化硼素焼結体は、30体積%以上90体積%以下の立方晶窒化硼素と残部の結合材とからなり、
前記結合材は、周期律表4、5、6族元素およびSiの中から選択される少なくとも1種の元素と、N、C、B、Oの中から選択される少なくとも1種とからなる化合物およびその固溶体の中から選択される少なくとも1種と、AlおよびAl化合物の少なくとも一方と、不可避不純物とからなり、
前記被膜の厚みは0.05μm以上5μm以下であり、
前記セラミックスは、周期律表4、5、6族元素、AlおよびSiの中から選択される少なくとも1種の元素と、CおよびNの中から選択される少なくとも1種とからなる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の切削工具。 - 立方晶窒化硼素焼結体である基材をチャンバ内に設置し、不活性ガスイオンを前記基材の表面に照射することによって、前記基材の表面をクリーニングする第1工程と、
前記第1工程の後に、物理蒸着法を用いて、前記チャンバ内に設置された前記基材の表面上にセラミックスの被膜を形成する第2工程とを備え、
前記第1工程および前記第2工程において、前記チャンバ内の酸素分圧と水分圧との合計分圧は5×10-3Pa以下である、切削工具の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程および前記第2工程において、前記チャンバ内の酸素分圧と水分圧との合計分圧は6×10-4Pa以下である、請求項4に記載の切削工具の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程および前記第2工程において、前記チャンバ内の酸素分圧は1×10-15Pa以下である、請求項5に記載の切削工具の製造方法。
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