WO2018195903A1 - 竞争期的信道接入方法、相关设备及*** - Google Patents

竞争期的信道接入方法、相关设备及*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018195903A1
WO2018195903A1 PCT/CN2017/082386 CN2017082386W WO2018195903A1 WO 2018195903 A1 WO2018195903 A1 WO 2018195903A1 CN 2017082386 W CN2017082386 W CN 2017082386W WO 2018195903 A1 WO2018195903 A1 WO 2018195903A1
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link
sta
channel
idle
available
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PCT/CN2017/082386
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李德建
刘劲楠
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/082386 priority Critical patent/WO2018195903A1/zh
Publication of WO2018195903A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018195903A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a channel access method, related device and system in a competition period.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna usually adopt an antenna array with a large-scale antenna array element or a set of switchable beam antennas to form a directional analog beam, and form an aligned transmitting beam and a receiving beam by beamforming training to close Communication links or extended coverage. Therefore, in some millimeter-wave technology standards (such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802.11ad and 802.11ay standards for the 60 GHz band), the process of analog beamforming training is designed to enable the communicating parties to determine their optimal transmit sectors or Receive sector. At the same time, due to the directional transmission based on analog beamforming, the directional transmission of wireless signals makes spatial reuse feasible.
  • the receiving station STA (English: Station, Chinese: station) cannot know which STA will send data to itself, so the receiving antenna cannot be directed to the beam of the transmitting STA, but only the quasi-full
  • the receiving antenna mode is such that the wireless signals of multiple transmitting STAs from different directions are simultaneously received by the receiving STA on the same channel, thereby causing interference, and the signals cannot be correctly received, and the receiving STA cannot distinguish which transmitting STA It is desirable to send a signal to itself, and it is also impossible to form a receiving beam to the transmitting STA, causing spatial multiplexing to fail.
  • STA3 and STA4 already exist.
  • the communication link, and the working antenna patterns of STA3 and STA4 have been subjected to beamforming training and employ directional transmit beams and directional receive beams.
  • STA2 it does not know which STA will send data to itself, so STA2 can only configure the antenna mode to quasi-omni mode (English: Quasi-Omni Pattern), and the quasi-omnidirectional mode will cause STA2 to be sent.
  • the interference of STA3 of the data (this is because STA2 is in the direction of the transmit beam from which STA3 transmits data to STA4).
  • STA1 wants to send data to STA2
  • the antenna is configured to point to the transmit beam of STA2
  • physical carrier sense English: Carrier Sensing, CS for short
  • virtual carrier sense for example, NAV of MAC layer (English: Network Allocation) Vector, Chinese: Network Assignment Vector)
  • STA2 cannot successfully receive the RTS frame/data frame sent by STA1 to itself. Therefore, the antenna of STA2 cannot be configured as the antenna mode for communication with STA1.
  • STA1's receiving beam prevents STA2 from performing subsequent directed carrier sensing, and thus cannot successfully establish a spatially multiplexed new link with STA1, resulting in spatial multiplexing failure.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a channel access method during a contention period, including:
  • the first station STA (ie, the first STA) performs carrier sensing CS on the at least one first available link, and obtains at least one idle first link and a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links;
  • the CTS frame carries link information of at least one second link and bandwidth information of a second idle channel corresponding to each of the second links, where the second The idle channel is determined by the second STA for the second link, and the second link is determined by the link information of the first link;
  • the first station STA is the first sending station STA in the specification
  • the second STA is the first receiving station STA in the manual.
  • the performing carrier sensing CS on the at least one first available link comprises: performing carrier sensing on the at least one first available link in sequence according to a link quality from high to low. CS.
  • the first available link comprises a single-input single-output SISO link
  • one SISO link corresponds to one transmit beam and/or one transmit beam
  • the carrier sense CS for at least one available link includes: configuring an antenna according to a transmit beam corresponding to each SISO link in the at least one SISO link, and performing carrier sense CS on at least one channel in a beam direction of the transmit beam.
  • the transmit beam and the receive beam are paired. If the first STA stores a certain transmit beam, it must know the receive beam corresponding to the transmit beam.
  • One transmit beam or one receive beam corresponds to one beam direction, and each beam direction corresponds to at least one channel.
  • the first available link includes a multiple input multiple output MIMO link, one MIMO link corresponds to one beam combination, and the carrier sense CS is performed on at least one first available link, including: The at least one MIMO link corresponds to each of the transmit beams to configure an antenna, and the carrier sense CS is performed on at least one channel in a beam direction of each of the transmit beams.
  • one beam combination includes at least one beam, one beam corresponds to one beam direction, and each beam direction corresponds to at least one channel.
  • the sending, to the second STA, an RTS frame on the first idle channel includes: from at least one of the first links according to a link quality of at least one of the first links Selecting a first link with the best link quality, and sending an RTS frame to the second STA on the first idle channel corresponding to the first link with the best link quality.
  • the second link is an idle link determined by the second STA after CS is performed on at least one of the first links
  • the third link is at least one of the second The link with the best link quality in the link. Since the link corresponds to the beam/beam combination, the idle link refers to the completion of the antenna configuration according to the beam/beam combination corresponding to the link, and after the CS is performed, the beam/beam combination corresponding to the link has at least one idle. channel.
  • the CTS frame does not need to carry the link information of the at least one second link; that is, if the second link when the CTS frame is sent and the second link when the RTS frame is sent If a link is the same, the CTS frame does not need to explicitly carry the link information of the at least one second link, but implicitly indicates that the CTS frame and the RTS frame adopt the same link. Send it.
  • the second link is different from the first link, and before the data is sent to the second STA on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link, the method further includes: The first STA performs CS on at least one of the second links, and obtains at least one idle fourth link and a fourth idle channel corresponding to each of the fourth links; the third link is at least one The link with the best link quality in the fourth link.
  • the second link is different from the first link, and before the data is sent to the second STA on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link, the method further includes: The first STA sends a CTS frame in the idle third link, where the CTS frame carries the idle channel information corresponding to the third link of the first STA, and the receiving address of the CTS frame is set to the second STA's own
  • the MAC address is separated from the CTS frame sent by the second STA by a short Inter Interframe Space (SIFS).
  • SIFS short Inter Interframe Space
  • the carrier sense CS comprises a physical CS and/or a virtual CS; the physical CS is directed idle for a beam corresponding to each of the first available links of the at least one first available link a channel evaluation CCA, the directional CCA configuring an antenna as a beam corresponding to the first available link; the virtual CS being a network allocation corresponding to each first available link in the at least one first available link
  • the vector NAV determines that the NAV is used to indicate whether the channel corresponding to the first available link is idle.
  • the carrier sense CS includes a physical CS and a virtual CS
  • the performing carrier sensing CS on the at least one first available link includes: performing virtual CS on the at least one first available link And performing physical CS on the idle link when the virtual CS indicates that the at least one first available link has an idle link.
  • the first idle channel includes a plurality of idle channels (such as a first channel and a second channel in the specification), and the transmitting the RTS frame to the second STA on the first idle channel, including : the RTS frame transmitted by the first STA on the plurality of idle channels in the first idle channel by the duplicate physical layer protocol data unit PPDU. That is, the RTS frame is transmitted on a plurality of idle channels in the first idle channel with duplicate physical layer protocol data units.
  • the RTS frame also carries information such as a receiving address, a sending address, and the like.
  • the sending address here may include a MAC address of the first STA
  • the receiving address may include a MAC address of the second STA.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another channel access method for a contention period, including:
  • the second station STA receives an RTS frame sent by the first STA on the at least one first idle channel, where the RTS frame carries link information of at least one first link and a first corresponding to each of the first links Bandwidth information of the idle channel;
  • the method further includes: when the receiving address in the RTS frame is different from the MAC address of the second STA, the second STA is according to the RTS The number carried by the frame Link information of a link is updated with a network allocation vector NAV, where the NAV is used to indicate whether a channel corresponding to the first link is idle;
  • the receiving address in the RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the second STA, if the second STA receives the first STA to copy the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU in the first idle channel
  • the RTS frame sent on the multiple idle channels the performing the carrier sensing CS on the at least one second available link, including: the second STA is on multiple idle channels in the first idle channel Conduct CS.
  • the performing carrier sensing CS on the at least one second available link comprises: performing carrier sensing on the at least one second available link in sequence according to a link quality from high to low. CS.
  • the second available link includes the at least one first link
  • the carrier sensing CS is performed on the at least one second available link, including: the at least one of the first A carrier sensing CS is performed on the first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links in the link.
  • the at least one second available link includes an available link that is removed from the at least one first link, and the carrier sense CS is performed on the at least one second available link, including: Carrier sense CS is performed on the at least one channel corresponding to the available link except the at least one first link, and one available link corresponds to at least one channel.
  • the second available link includes a SISO link
  • one SISO link corresponds to one transmit beam and/or receive beam
  • the at least one second available link performs carrier sense CS, including: Configuring an antenna according to a transmit beam corresponding to each SISO link in the at least one SISO link, performing carrier sense CS on at least one channel in a beam direction of the transmit beam; wherein, one transmit beam or receive beam corresponds to One beam direction, corresponding to at least one channel in each beam direction.
  • the second available link includes a MIMO link, one MIMO link corresponds to one beam combination, and the at least one second available link performs carrier sensing CS, including: according to the at least one The MIMO link configures an antenna for each of the transmit beams, and performs carrier sense CS on at least one channel in a beam direction of each of the transmit beams; wherein one beam combination includes at least one beam, and one beam corresponds to one The beam direction has at least one channel corresponding to each beam direction.
  • the feeding back the CTS frame to the first STA on the second idle channel including: according to at least one link quality of the second link, from at least one of the second chain A second link with the best link quality is selected in the path; and the CTS frame is sent to the first STA on the second idle channel corresponding to the second link with the best link quality.
  • the carrier sense CS comprises a physical CS and/or a virtual CS; the physical CS is directed CCA for a beam corresponding to each of the second available links of the at least one second available link And locating the antenna as a beam corresponding to the second available link; the virtual CS is determined according to a network allocation vector NAV corresponding to each second available link of the at least one second available link The NAV is used to indicate whether a channel corresponding to the second available link is idle.
  • the carrier sense CS includes a physical CS and a virtual CS
  • the performing carrier sensing CS on the at least one second available link includes: performing virtual CS on the at least one second available link And performing physical CS on the idle link when the virtual CS indicates that the at least one second available link has an idle link.
  • the second STA sends an RTS frame and the first The interval between the STA feedback CTS frames is greater than or equal to the short interframe space SIFS.
  • the link information includes any one or more of the following: a link identifier, an identifier of a beam corresponding to the link, and an identifier of the antenna corresponding to the link.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a first STA, including a functional unit for performing the method of the foregoing first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a second STA, including a functional unit for performing the method of the foregoing second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a first STA, including a memory, a communication interface, and a processor coupled to the memory and a communication interface; the memory is configured to store an instruction, and the processor is configured to execute the The communication interface is configured to communicate with other devices under control of the processor; wherein the processor executes the instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a second STA, including a memory, a communication interface, and a processor coupled to the memory and a communication interface; the memory is configured to store an instruction, and the processor is configured to execute the And the communication interface is configured to communicate with other devices under the control of the processor; wherein the processor executes the instructions to perform the method described in the second aspect above.
  • the seventh aspect provides a channel access system of a contention period, including a first STA and a second STA, where the first STA may be the first STA described in the foregoing third aspect or the fifth aspect; The second STA may be the second STA described in the foregoing fourth aspect or the sixth aspect.
  • a computer readable storage medium storing program code for channel access during a contention period.
  • the program code includes instructions for performing the method described in the first aspect above.
  • a ninth invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing program code for channel access during a contention period.
  • the program code includes instructions for performing the method described in the second aspect above.
  • the second transmission opportunity TXOP can be established on the link where both the first STA and the second STA are idle and the idle channel corresponding to the link, so that the first TXOP and the second TXOP are both It can be multiplexed both in frequency and spatially.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a station antenna direction during a competition period access according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a principle of generating interference between multiple transmitting STAs during a contention period in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a station antenna direction during a competition period access according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a channel access method during a contention period according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of transmission of channel aggregation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of STA1 and STA2 having channel bonding capability contending for a channel and establishing TXOP2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of establishing a TXOP2 on a first channel when STA1 has a channel binding capability and STA2 does not have a channel binding capability according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of establishing a TXOP2 on a second channel when STA1 has a channel binding capability and STA2 does not have a channel binding capability according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of determining beam combinations available for spatial multiplexing TXOP2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a channel access system in a competition period according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device, that is, a first sending STA or a first receiving STA, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a channel access method during the competition period is proposed.
  • the execution of the method may depend on transmitting the first transmitting STA and acting as the first receiving STA in a communication system having an analog beamforming training procedure.
  • the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA may be millimeter wave communication transceivers using analog beamforming technology, such as STAs in 802.11ad or 802.11ay standards.
  • the application scenario of the method can be referred to as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first transmitting STA (ie, STA1 in FIG. 3) wishes to directionally transmit data to the first receiving STA (ie, STA2 in FIG. 3), and STA2 is in a quasi-omnidirectional receiving state.
  • the second transmitting STA ie, STA3 in FIG. 3) has obtained a first transmission opportunity TXOP1 by contention on the first channel (including the primary channel) and another reception as the receiving STA.
  • the STA (ie, STA4 in FIG. 3) transmits data.
  • the receiving STA2 is in the beam direction in which the STA3 sends the data to the STA4 in the TXOP1, that is, when the STA2 adopts the quasi-omnidirectional receiving antenna configuration, it is interfered by the wireless signal sent by the STA3 to the STA4.
  • STA3 obtains a first TXOP (ie, TXOP1) by contention on the first channel in the beam direction pointing to STA4, and transmits data to STA4.
  • the first transmitting STA ie, STA1 wishes to transmit data to the first receiving STA (ie, STA2), and STA2 is in the quasi-omnidirectional receiving state.
  • both STA1 and STA2 use an enhanced virtual carrier sensing mechanism, that is, each STA uses multiple network allocation vectors NAV, and each NAV corresponds to at least one transmit beam and/or receive beam.
  • Each NAV may include beam direction information of a TXOP holder and a responder in addition to the duration of the TXOP or the MAC address of the source and destination STAs of the TXOP as before, and/or The TXOP corresponds to the channel information of the link.
  • the beam direction information of the link corresponding to the TXOP may refer to the receiving beam of the source STA and the destination STA.
  • the STA1 and the STA2 may be added by the STA3 and the STA4 after the RTS frame and/or the CTS frame.
  • the beamforming training sequence (eg, automatic gain control AGC field and/or TRN field) is obtained by BF training, or obtained by the receiver based on the RTS frame at the beginning of TXOP1 and/or the sender of the CTS frame in the previous BF training.
  • Receive beam information For example, when receiving the RTS frame and/or the CTS frame, STA1 and STA2 determine that the RTS frame and/or the CTS frame arrives at the receiving antenna according to the beamforming training sequence added by the STA3 and STA4 after the RTS frame and/or the CTS frame.
  • the training result recorded by the STA in the previous BF training ie, the receive beam corresponding to the transmit beam is determined to determine that it can receive the receive beam of the RTS and/or CTS frame.
  • the channel information of the TXOP corresponding link refers to the channel occupied by the TXOP, and can be obtained by the channel bandwidth (BW) information carried by the RTS/CTS frame.
  • BW channel bandwidth
  • STA1 receives the request transmission signal RTS frame sent by STA3, it obtains the direction information between itself and STA3 by retrieving the stored BF training result of the previous period and STA3, wherein the direction information includes the transmission when STA1 communicates with STA3.
  • Sector/Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) and Receive Sector/Receive AWV specifically, may be the number of the reception sector in which STA1 points to STA3. It should be noted that in the present invention, a beam has the same meaning as a sector/AWV and can be replaced with each other.
  • NAV1 the first NAV, denoted as NAV1
  • NAV1 records the time, frequency, and space of TXOP1 in multiple dimensions.
  • Information including the start time and duration of TXOP1, the first channel in which TXOP1 is located, and the beam direction information of the holder and responder of TXOP1 (eg, transmission between STA3 and STA4, respectively) Beam / Transmit Sector / Transmit AWV and Receive Beam / Receive Sector / Receive AWV).
  • STA2 records a NAV2 associated with TXOP1.
  • the first transmitting STA may detect the first TXOP (ie, TXOP1) of the second transmitting STA (ie, STA3) on the first channel, and store related information of the first TXOP in the first network allocation vector.
  • the related information includes, as described in the foregoing related content, for example, the holder of the TXOP1 and the spatial direction information of the responder, the start time and duration of the TXOP1, and the like.
  • the first receiving STA may also detect the first TXOP (ie, TXOP1) of the second transmitting STA (ie, STA3) on the first channel, and store related information of the first TXOP in the second network allocation vector NAV,
  • TXOP ie, TXOP1
  • STA3 the second transmitting STA
  • the request to send signal RTS frame and the clear transmit signal CTS frame in this embodiment may be RTS frames and CTS frames commonly used in wireless local area network WLAN and wireless personal area network WPAN networks, as defined in the 802.11ad/ay standard.
  • RTS frames and directional multi-gigabit (DMG) CTS frames may be RTS frames and directional multi-gigabit (DMG) CTS frames.
  • the channel access method of the contention period may be performed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the method includes:
  • Step S101 The first transmitting STA performs carrier sensing CS on the at least one first available link, and obtains at least one idle first link and a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links.
  • the available link may include a single-input single-output (SISO) link, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link, or other types.
  • SISO single-input single-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the available link may also be referred to as a beam link.
  • one SISO link corresponds to one beam.
  • One beam corresponds to one beam direction, and each beam direction corresponds to one or more channels.
  • the beam refers to a transmit beam and/or a receive beam.
  • the beam here can be understood as a transmitting sector/transmitting AWV and/or a receiving sector/receiving AWV.
  • one MIMO link corresponds to one beam combination, which may include one transmit beam combination and/or one receive beam combination.
  • One beam combination includes multiple beams. That is, a MIMO link includes beam direction information of each beam in the beam combination, and antenna number information corresponding to each beam.
  • the STA may detect one or more channels corresponding to one beam direction, that is, one beam direction may correspond to at least one channel.
  • the beam direction information refers to sector number information corresponding to the beam (such as the sector ID corresponding to the beam), or the analog precoding AWV corresponding to the beam.
  • the first transmitting STA performs carrier sensing (CS) on one or more channels in the corresponding beam direction of the at least one first available link, and obtains at least one idle first link (ie, There is a beam direction of the idle channel) and a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links.
  • the number of the first idle channels may be one or more.
  • the first idle channel includes: ⁇ primary X1 channel, primary X2 channel, secondary channel 1, secondary channel 2 ⁇ , where X1 and X2 represent channel bandwidth, and main X1
  • the channel represents a channel having a bandwidth of X1 of the primary channel, and the secondary channel 1 and the secondary channel 2 respectively represent a secondary channel that does not include the primary channel.
  • the RTS frame is transmitted on the idle first idle channel in the form of a duplicate PPDU, and the channel bandwidth information indicates a specifically occupied channel (ie, the first idle channel) of the RTS frame.
  • Step S102 The first sending STA sends an RTS frame to the first receiving STA on the first idle channel, where the RTS frame carries the link information of the first link and the first idle channel. Bandwidth information.
  • the link information may include any one or more of the following: an identifier of a transmit beam/transmission sector, an identifier of a transmit antenna, an identifier of a receive beam/receive sector, an identifier of a receive antenna, and a transmission.
  • the link information may be carried by a Control Trailer portion of the RTS frame, and the bandwidth information of the first idle channel is carried by a Legacy Header field.
  • the first sending station STA may also be referred to as a first station STA
  • the first receiving STA may also be referred to as a second station STA.
  • Step S103 Correspondingly, the first receiving STA receives the RTS frame sent by the first sending STA.
  • the first receiving STA receives the RTS frame in the omnidirectional receiving mode in the antenna configuration.
  • the antenna is generally configured in a quasi-omnidirectional receiving mode.
  • Step S104 The first receiving STA performs carrier sensing CS on at least one second available link, and obtains at least one idle second link and a second idle channel corresponding to each of the second links, where The second available link is determined by the link information of the first link.
  • the first receiving STA may parse the RTS frame, and learn the link information of the at least one first link carried by the RTS frame and the bandwidth information of the first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links. Then, according to the link information of the at least one first link carried in the RTS frame and the bandwidth information of the first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links, The first receiving STA may perform CS on the first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links, and obtain at least one second link that is idle and a second idle channel that is corresponding to each of the second links.
  • the second link is a subset of the at least one first link, that is, the second link belongs to a link in the at least one first link.
  • the at least one second available link in step S104 includes at least one of the first links.
  • the first receiving STA when the first receiving STA performs CS on each of the first links, the first receiving STA may be in the first chain, when the first link is busy on any channel.
  • One or more other available links ie, at least one second available link
  • the second link in step S104 does not belong to the link in the at least one first link, and the at least one second available link includes the removal of the at least one first link.
  • One or more other available links supported and pre-stored by the transceiver when the first receiving STA performs CS on each of the first links, the first receiving STA may be in the first chain, when the first link is busy on any channel.
  • One or more other available links ie, at least one second available link
  • the second link in step S104 does not belong to the link in the at least one first link, and the at least one second available link includes the removal of the at least one first link.
  • the second idle channel is an idle channel determined when the first receiving STA performs CS on the second link, and the second link is determined by link information of the first link.
  • the second link does not include a higher quality link that has been excluded by multiple of the first links. For example, between the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA, there are three available links (link 1, link 2, link 3) sorted by link quality, if the first link The link information includes ⁇ link 2, link 3 ⁇ , then the first receiving STA no longer performs CS on link 1, but uses ⁇ link 2, link 3 ⁇ as the second link for CS. .
  • the first receiving STA When the CS is performed on each of the first links, the first receiving STA needs to obtain the receiving beam information corresponding to the first link according to the link information of the at least one first link carried in the RTS frame, and configure the antenna. For the received beam/receive beam combination, a physical CS is performed on the first idle channel. Optionally, before the first receiving STA performs physical CS on each of the first links, first check whether the virtual CS corresponding to the first link indicates that the channel is idle.
  • the virtual CS may be a network allocation vector (NAV) corresponding to a beam/beam combination corresponding to the first link, or all links share one or more NAVs.
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • the virtual CS is a dedicated NAV corresponding to the first link
  • the dedicated NAV when the dedicated NAV is only 0, the virtual CS indicates that the first link is idle regardless of other NAV values. Otherwise, if all the links share one or more NAVs, then all the NAVs are 0, the virtual CS indicates that the first link is idle.
  • the physical CS is a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA).
  • Step S105 The first receiving STA feeds back a CTS frame to the first sending STA on the second idle channel, where the CTS frame carries link information of the second link and the second idle Bandwidth information for the channel.
  • Step S106 Correspondingly, the first sending STA receives the CTS frame fed back by the first receiving STA.
  • the first transmitting STA receives the antenna configuration as an omnidirectional reception.
  • the mode receives a CTS frame.
  • the RTS frame sent by the first sending STA includes the link indication information that is sent by the first receiving STA to the CTS frame, and is used to indicate that the first receiving STA corresponds to the idle link indicated by the link indication information.
  • the CTS frame is fed back on the idle channel (ie, the second idle channel).
  • the first transmitting STA adopts a quasi-omnidirectional antenna configuration to receive the CTS frame.
  • Step S107 The first sending STA sends data to the first receiving STA on a third idle channel corresponding to the third link, where the third link is determined by link information of the second link.
  • the first sending STA may parse the received CTS frame, and learn the link information of the at least one second link carried in the CTS frame and the second idle corresponding to each of the second links. channel. Further, the first sending STA may determine, from the at least one second link, a third link and a third idle channel corresponding to the third link. The first transmitting STA obtains the second transmitting opportunity TXOP2 by contention on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link, and may send data to the first receiving STA on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link.
  • link information of one or more available links when communicating with the other party is stored between the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA, respectively.
  • the available links are an optimal beam link and/or multiple suboptimal beam links determined by the transmitting and receiving parties through the previous analog beamforming training, wherein the suboptimal beam link is used as a backup link, and Used when the optimal beam link is unavailable/busy. Due to the directional transmission of the beam and the multipath effect of the channel, the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA may have multiple beam links with higher link quality. Therefore, the available link refers to the simulation between the transmitting and receiving STAs. Beamforming trains one or more beam links that are determined and pre-stored.
  • the first transmitting STA (STA1) and the first receiving STA (STA2) respectively store link information of multiple available links supported by the two parties during communication.
  • the link information corresponding to the SISO link and the MIMO link is exemplarily given in Tables 1 and 2 below.
  • each available link corresponds to a pair of transmit beam IDs and receive beam IDs, and a pair of transmit antenna IDs and receive antenna IDs.
  • each available link corresponds to one beam combination, the beam combination includes one or more transmit beams and one or more receive beams, each of which corresponds to one transmit antenna and each receive beam A receiving antenna.
  • the antenna ID may be represented by an RF chain ID.
  • the first sending STA may be configured according to link quality of each available link in the at least one first available link, according to link quality from high to low or low to Sorting in a high order, and performing carrier sensing (CS) on each of the first available links in turn, to obtain one or more idle first links and corresponding to each of the first links The first idle channel.
  • the first sending STA may perform CS on the at least one first available link in order according to the link quality from high to low.
  • the link information SISO Table 1 given link if T beam, 1, and T antenna, 1, T beam, 2 , and T antenna, 2 ?? to T beam, k, and T antenna, k
  • the corresponding available links are arranged in order of link quality from high to low.
  • the first transmitting STA may also perform CS on at least one channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link in the above-described order.
  • the first available link may include all or part of the links in the available links.
  • the first transmitting STA may continue to be directed to the link.
  • the quality is ranked in the suboptimal available link T beam, 2 and T antenna, 2 corresponds to at least one channel in the beam direction for CS, and so on, until an available link corresponds to the beam direction (eg T beam, m and T antenna If at least one of the channels on m , the result of the CS shows that one or more channels in the beam direction are idle, T beam, m and T antenna, m are included in the RTS frame for transmission.
  • T beam, m and T antenna, m are respectively a specific representation of the identifier of the transmitting beam and the identifier of the transmitting antenna, which may be included in the Control Trailer portion of the RTS frame.
  • the RTS frame may not include the control tailing part; otherwise, when STA3 adopts the other link with the other sub-optimal link quality (such as the identifier of the transmitting beam and the identifier of the transmitting antenna as T beam, m and T antenna, m )
  • the transmitted RTS frame includes a control smear portion, and the control smear portion includes link information of the first link, such as T beam, m and T antenna,m .
  • the at least one first available link may be all or part of available links that are supported by both the transmitting and receiving ends when communicating. For example, it is assumed that there are five available links supported by the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA, which are beam direction 1 to beam direction 5, respectively, which are also arranged in descending order of link quality.
  • the first transmitting STA may sequentially perform CS on the five links (ie, three channels in five beam directions) according to the link quality from high to low. If the first transmitting STA performs CS on the three channels in the beam direction 1 with the best link quality, it is obtained that there are two first idle channels in the beam direction 1, such as channel 1 and channel 3. CS.
  • the first available link in this example includes one available link, beam direction 1.
  • the first The transmitting STA may also transmit the intercepted beam direction 1 and the first idle channel (ie, channel 1 and channel 3) in the beam direction 1 to the RTS frame for transmission to the first receiving STA.
  • a channel refers to a channel that is an integer multiple of a minimum physical bandwidth channel after channel division, such as a channel having a bandwidth of (2.16 x M) GHz, where M is a positive integer.
  • the first available link includes a SISO link, one SISO link corresponds to one beam, and the at least one first available link performs carrier sensing CS, including: The first transmitting STA performs carrier sensing CS on at least one channel in a beam direction of a corresponding beam of each SISO link in the at least one SISO link; wherein one beam corresponds to one beam direction, and each beam direction corresponds to There is at least one channel.
  • the first sending STA may perform CS on at least one channel in the corresponding beam direction of the at least one SISO link according to the link quality of the at least one SISO link, for example, according to the link quality.
  • High to low or low to high, or other set order, CS is sequentially performed on channels in the beam direction corresponding to all or part of the SISO links in the at least one SISO link.
  • the first available link includes a MIMO link, one MIMO link corresponds to one beam combination, and the carrier sense CS is performed on the at least one first available link, including: The first transmitting STA performs carrier sensing CS on at least one channel in a beam direction of each of the at least one MIMO link corresponding beam combination; wherein one beam combination includes at least one beam, and one beam corresponds to one beam Direction, there is at least one channel corresponding to each beam direction.
  • the first sending STA may further perform CS on at least one channel in a beam direction of each beam in the at least one MIMO link corresponding beam combination according to a link quality of the at least one MIMO link.
  • CS is sequentially performed on all or part of the MIMO link corresponding beam combinations in the at least one MIMO link, for example, according to link quality from high to low or low to high, or other set order.
  • the first sending STA may send an RTS frame to the first receiving STA on a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links.
  • the first receiving STA may send an RTS frame to the first receiving STA on a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links.
  • the first sending STA may arbitrarily select one or more first links from the idle at least one available link to correspond to the selected first link.
  • An RTS frame is transmitted to the first receiving STA on the first idle channel.
  • the first sending STA may select, according to the link quality of each available link in the at least one available link, a link quality higher than a preset quality. Or a plurality of first links, to send an RTS frame to the first receiving STA on the first idle channel corresponding to the selected first link.
  • the first transmitting STA may select the first link with the best link quality from the at least one of the first links according to the link quality of the at least one of the first links. And transmitting an RTS frame to the first reception on the first idle channel corresponding to the first link with the best link quality.
  • the link quality includes parameter information for assessing the quality of the link, and the link quality may be a signal to noise ratio or a signal to interference plus noise ratio or channel capacity.
  • the link quality of the SISO link is judged by the signal-to-noise ratio, the signal to interference and noise ratio, or the received signal strength indication, and the link quality of the MIMO link is determined by the channel capacity or the reachable rate. For example, if the link quality of the link corresponding to the beam direction 1 is 5, and the link quality of the link corresponding to the beam direction 2 is 3, the link quality of the link corresponding to the beam direction 1 is higher than the link of the beam direction 2 Link quality.
  • the RTS frame may also carry a Receive Address (RA), such as the first The identifier or address of the receiving STA, the Transmitter Address (TA), such as the identifier or address of the first sending STA, the bandwidth (Bandwidth, BW) information of the RTS frame, and the like.
  • RA Receive Address
  • TA Transmitter Address
  • BW bandwidth
  • the first transmitting STA may be duplicated.
  • a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) transmits an RTS frame on a plurality of idle channels. That is, the RTS frame may be transmitted in the form of a copied PPDU on a plurality of idle channels (ie, the first idle channel).
  • step S103 if the RTS frame is sent on multiple idle channels in the form of a duplicate PPDU, the first received STA successfully receives the copied PPDU on any one or more idle channels. At least one segment, the first receiving STA determines to successfully receive the RTS frame. Generally, when the first receiving STA has only one radio frequency chain, the first receiving STA only processes signals received from the primary channel, and when the signal of the primary channel is interfered and is not successfully received, the first receiving The STA believes that the entire RTS has not been successfully received.
  • the first receiving STA may separately operate two radio frequency chains on one channel, and thus may receive the copy of the RTS frame from the two channels simultaneously ( Duplicate) PPDU, when a segment of the RTS frame replica PPDU is successfully received from one of the channels, the entire RTS frame is considered to be received, thereby performing CS on the corresponding entire channel bandwidth of the RTS frame.
  • the advantage of this is that when CS is performed on the corresponding entire channel bandwidth of the RTS frame and the entire channel bandwidth is idle, spatial multiplexing within a larger channel bandwidth can be achieved, that is, spatial multiplexing is expanded. Channel bandwidth at the time to increase throughput.
  • the duplicate PPDU of the RTS frame has repeated frequency signal components on multiple subchannels. For example, the RTS frame has two repeated frequency components of 2.16 GHz, and each component completely carries all the information of the RTS frame.
  • the first receiving STA may identify whether the receiving address in the RTS frame is a MAC address of the first receiving STA, and if yes, And the first receiving STA updates the NAV according to the link information of the first link carried in the RTS frame.
  • the first receiving STA sets the NAV corresponding to the first link to 0 or an idle state, indicating that there is an idle channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first link.
  • the first receiving STA When the first receiving STA recognizes that the receiving address in the RTS frame is not the MAC address of the first receiving STA, if the RTS frame is sent in the form of a copied PPDU, then an implementation in step S104 In the manner, the first receiving STA may perform CS on all idle channels (ie, multiple idle channels in the first idle channel) corresponding to the sending of the RTS frame.
  • the link information of the at least one second link does not need to be carried in the CTS frame sent by the first sending STA or the first receiving STA.
  • the determined second link is the same as the first link that is used when the first STA sends the RTS frame, and the CTS frame does not need to carry the link information of the at least one second link. That is, if the second link when the CTS frame is sent is the same as the first link when the RTS frame is sent, the CTS frame does not need to explicitly carry the link information of the at least one second link, and It is the default that the CTS frame and the RTS frame are transmitted on the same link.
  • the first receiving STA may perform CS on the at least one second available link according to a link quality of the at least one second available link.
  • the second available link includes a SISO link
  • the first receiving STA may perform at least one channel in a beam direction of a corresponding beam of each SISO link in the at least one SISO link.
  • Carrier sense CS Carrier sense CS.
  • the second available link includes a MIMO link
  • the first receiving STA may perform carrier sensing CS on at least one channel for the at least one MIMO link corresponding beam combination.
  • the first receiving STA may feed back a CTS frame to the first sending STA on a second idle channel corresponding to each of the second links.
  • the first receiving STA may feed back a CTS frame to the first transmitting STA on a second idle channel corresponding to the second link with the best link quality.
  • the RTS frame sent by the first sending STA to the first receiving STA is an RTS frame of a duplicate format, that is, an RTS frame.
  • the PPDU is a duplicate PPDU.
  • the CTS frame sent by the first receiving STA to the first sending STA is a CTS frame in a copy format.
  • step S107 if the second link belongs to a link in the at least one first link, the first sending STA may select one of the at least one second link. And a triple link to send data to the first receiving STA on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link.
  • the first transmitting STA may arbitrarily select a third link from the at least one second link to receive the first receiving on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link.
  • the STA sends the data.
  • the first transmitting STA may select one of the link quality as the optimal quality or the set quality according to the link quality of each of the at least one second link.
  • the third link, or a third link from which the link quality is higher than a preset threshold, is selected to send data to the first receiving STA on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link.
  • the step S107 further includes: the first sending STA to the at least one second chain The path performs CS, and obtains at least one idle fourth link and a fourth idle channel corresponding to each of the fourth links.
  • the first transmitting STA may arbitrarily select a third link from the at least one fourth link to send data to the first receiving STA on the third idle channel corresponding to the third link.
  • the first receiving STA since the first receiving STA performs the CS for each of the second links, the channel in the corresponding beam direction of each of the second links is busy, to ensure the reliability of the communication,
  • the first receiving STA may perform CS on the other available links (ie, the second available link) except the first link, and at least one second link carried in the CTS frame includes the foregoing Other available links outside of a link. Since the first transmitting STA does not perform CS on the second link, and does not know whether the channel in the beam direction corresponding to the links is idle, the first transmitting STA needs to perform CS on the at least one second link again. Obtaining at least one idle fourth link and a fourth idle channel corresponding to each fourth link.
  • the first idle channel, the second idle channel, the third idle channel, and the fourth idle channel may be one or more, which is not limited herein.
  • the time interval between the first receiving STA sending the RTS frame and the first sending STA feeding back the CTS frame is greater than or equal to a Short Interframe Space (SIFS).
  • SIFS refers to the interval between RTS and CTS, which is usually 10 microseconds in the 2.4/5 GHz band and 3 microseconds in the high frequency band (60 GHz band).
  • the carrier sense CS comprises a physical CS and/or a virtual CS, the physical CS being oriented CCA for a beam corresponding to each of the at least one available link, the orientation
  • the CCA is a CCA for configuring the antenna to be directed to the beam direction of the corresponding link of the available link, and the CCA may be performed by means of sequence detection or energy detection.
  • the antenna gain the gain brought by the receiving beam
  • the transmitting STA should perform a directed CCA with a beam pattern of the same or the closest beam pattern of the transmit beam corresponding to the available link.
  • Configuring the antenna according to the transmit beam corresponding to each SISO link in the at least one SISO link means that, for the transmitting STA, if the antenna has reciprocity, the transmit beam and the receive corresponding to the first available link
  • the beams are the same, that is, the antenna configuration can be performed according to the transmit beam and the directional CCA is performed; otherwise, if the antenna does not have reciprocity, the transmitting STA should use the transmit beam corresponding to the first available link to have the receive beam closest to the beam mode, That is, the antenna is configured as the receive beam closest to the transmit beam in the direction, and the beam gain difference between the transmit beam and the receive beam is eliminated when the CCA is directed.
  • the STA supporting the antenna/antenna mode reciprocity can use the corresponding receive beam for a transmit beam to more accurately orient the CCA.
  • the virtual CS may be a network allocation vector NAV that determines a corresponding one of the at least one available link.
  • the carrier sense CS comprises a physical CS and/or a virtual CS
  • the performing carrier sensing CS on the at least one available link comprises: performing a virtual CS on the at least one available link.
  • the virtual CS is a pointer to set a common NAV for all available links, or set a NAV for each available link.
  • the physical CS of the next step can be performed only when the value of the NAV is 0; when the STA sets up a NAV for each available link, only when the available When the NAV of the link is 0, the STA can perform physical CS for the beam direction of the beam corresponding to the available link.
  • the foregoing available link may include the first available link or the second available link.
  • the CTS frame when the first receiving STA feeds back a CTS frame to the first sending STA on the second idle channel corresponding to the at least one of the second links, the CTS frame does not explicitly carry at least Link information of a second link. If the second link with the best link quality determined by the second STA is the same as the first link used when the first STA sends the RTS frame, the CTS frame does not need to carry the at least one second chain. Link information of the road; that is, if the second link when the CTS frame is transmitted is the same as the first link when the RTS frame is transmitted, the CTS frame does not need to explicitly carry the at least one second chain. The link information of the road, but implicitly indicates that the CTS frame and the RTS frame are transmitted on the same link.
  • a CTS frame utilizes at least one antenna ID field and at least one fan
  • the zone ID field indicates at least one second link that is idle, but if the at least one antenna ID field and the at least one sector ID field do not carry information (ie, the at least one antenna ID field and the at least one sector ID field are reserved) When it does not appear, it means that the CTS frame adopts the same link as the previous RTS frame.
  • STA1 that wants to perform spatial multiplexing (spatial multiplexing with respect to TXOP1 of STA3 and STA4) can determine the transmit beam direction with STA2 by analog beamforming, but STA1 needs to ensure the transmit beam between STA1 and STA2.
  • the direction is different from the transmit beam direction of STA3 in TXOP1 recorded in the foregoing first NAV, that is, the transmit beam/transmit sector/transmit AWV of STA1 and the receive beam/receive sector/receive AWV and the transmit beam of STA3 recorded in NAV1 / Transmit Sector/Transmit AWV and Receive Beam/Receive Sector/Receive AWV are different.
  • Analog beamforming is a directional transmission communication method, and directional transmission makes spatial relocation or spatial sharing in a shorter distance feasible.
  • millimeter wave technology the application of large-scale antenna arrays will make the beam width narrower, which is conducive to achieving deeper spatial multiplexing.
  • the NAV continues until the end of TXOP1 to indicate that the channel in the corresponding beam direction of the available link is idle. .
  • the first sending STA may access the first available link.
  • the physical CS is performed on the channel in the corresponding beam direction. If there is an idle channel in the channel in the direction corresponding to the first available link (such as the first idle channel corresponding to the first link), the first The transmitting STA may reset the NAV corresponding to the first available link to 0 or an idle state (ie, indicating that there is an idle channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link, or the channel is in an idle state).
  • the first receiving STA when the first receiving STA has a NAV corresponding to the second available link being 0, or indicating that the channel in the corresponding beam direction of the second available link is idle, the first receiving STA may be in the first The second available link performs CS, and when one or more channels in the corresponding beam direction of the second available link are in an idle state, the NAV corresponding to the second available link is reset to 0 or an idle state.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of channel aggregation or channel bonding transmission provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transceiver STA has channel aggregation capability
  • the transceiver STA (such as STA1 or STA2) can perform independent data transmission and reception on multiple channels of operation.
  • channel aggregation means that the guard bands between different channels are not utilized during transmission.
  • two identical modem modules are used, each of which operates independently on a different channel, ie, an independent spatial/space-time stream is transmitted on each channel. The aggregate transmission of the channel can be achieved.
  • the channel in the corresponding beam direction of the available link may include a first channel (primary channel) and a second channel (secondary channel), if the first sending The STA has channel bonding (Channel Bonding) or channel aggregation (Channel Aggregation) capability, and another implementation of step S101 In the mode, the first sending STA performs physical carrier sensing CS on the first channel and the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the at least one first available link.
  • channel bonding Channel Bonding
  • Channel Aggregation channel aggregation
  • the first channel may be an integer multiple of a minimum bandwidth channel that the STA supports communication, such as 2.16 GHz, 6.48 GHz, 8.64 GHz channel... or other custom-set minimum bandwidth channel.
  • the second channel is a channel within a frequency range in which STAs other than the first channel support communication, such as a secondary 2.16 GHz channel or the like.
  • the first transmitting STA has a single channel capability, and the first receiving STA has a channel bonding or channel aggregation capability
  • the first sending STA preferentially pairs the first An available link corresponds to a first channel in the beam direction to perform physical CS, and then a physical CS is applied to the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link.
  • the first sending STA preferentially performs physical CS on the first channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link, and the result in the physical CS indicates that the first channel is idle, and may end.
  • Physical CS and may continue to perform physical CS on the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link to determine whether the first available link is idle, and the first available link corresponds to the first A free channel.
  • the first sending STA preferentially pairs the first available chain.
  • the physical channel CS is performed on the first channel in the direction corresponding to the beam direction. If the result of the physical CS indicates that the first channel is busy, the physical CS is continued to be performed on the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link.
  • the channel bonding refers to combining multiple channels for transmission, and there is no guard band between multiple channels during transmission.
  • channel bonding can be represented by a channel of an integer multiple of 2.16 GHz (eg, 4.32 GHz, 6.48 GHz, 8.64 GHz, etc.).
  • the request transmitting signal RTS may be transmitted to the STA2.
  • Frame to request the creation of a new TXOP ie TXOP2.
  • the STA1 sends the request to send the signal RTS frame to the STA2
  • STA1 When STA1 does not support channel bonding and channel aggregation capability (ie, STA1 supports single channel function capability), STA1 performs physical carrier sensing CS (English Carrier Sensing) by directional idle channel evaluation CCA on the second channel as the secondary transmission. When the second channel is idle, the request transmission signal RTS frame is sent to STA2 through the second channel.
  • CS English Carrier Sensing
  • the STA1 When the STA1 supports the channel bonding or the channel aggregation capability, the STA1 performs physical carrier detection by using the directed CCA on the first channel and the second channel corresponding to the beam direction according to the beam direction corresponding to the first available link. Listening, when the first channel and the second channel are each idle, transmitting the RTS frame in the copy format to the first receiving STA through the first channel and the second channel.
  • the directional CCA is performed only on the second channel, and after the physical carrier sensing CS determines that the second channel is idle, the RTS is sent to the STA2 only through the second channel. frame.
  • STA1 supports channel bonding or channel aggregation capability, STA1 performs directed CCA on the first channel, and also performs directed CCA on the second channel, and determines the first channel or the second channel after physical carrier sensing CS.
  • the duplicate format RTS frame is sent through the first channel, and the duplicate format is also sent through the second channel. (duplicate format) RTS frame. In this way, when the first channel is occupied, STA1 can still successfully send the RTS frame on the second channel, so that STA2 can direct the CCA for the direction of STA1, which can greatly improve the probability of establishing spatial multiplexing.
  • the directional CCA can be performed on the first channel, thereby returning the CTS frame on the first channel, and finally multiplexing the first channel to create the TXOP2 based on the first channel, Therefore, the second channel can be idled for use by other STAs, and the transmission resources are saved by multiplexing between space and frequency.
  • STA1 directing CCA means that STA1 configures the antenna to point to the antenna direction or antenna mode transmitted by STA2. All actual transmission channels of the RTS frame are the idle channels of STA1.
  • the first idle channel can include a plurality of idle channels, such as the first channel and/or the second channel described above.
  • STA2 which is the first receiving STA, can determine that the STA to which data is to be transmitted is STA1, and can also perform analog beam assignment. Determining the receiving beam direction of the receiving STA1, but STA2 needs to ensure that the receiving beam direction is different from the receiving beam direction corresponding to the transmitting beam direction of STA3 in TXOP1 recorded in the foregoing second NAV (ie, the aforementioned NAV2), that is, STA2
  • the Transmit Sector/Transmit AWV and Receive Sector/Receive AWV are different from the Transmit Sector/Transmit AWV and Receive Sector/Receive AWV recorded in NAV2.
  • the available link may include a first channel and a second channel, and if the first receiving STA has channel bonding or channel aggregation capability, another embodiment of step S104 The first receiving STA performs physical carrier sensing CS on the first channel and the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the at least one second available link.
  • the first sending STA has a single channel capability, and the first receiving STA has a channel binding or channel aggregation capability
  • the first receiving STA preferentially pairs the first The physical channel CS is performed on the first channel in the corresponding beam direction of the available link, and the physical CS is performed on the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link.
  • the first receiving STA performs data on the second channel.
  • the first receiving STA preferentially performs physical CS on the second channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link, if the physical The result of the CS indicates that the second channel is busy, and then continues to perform physical CS on the first channel in the corresponding beam direction of the first available link.
  • step S104 may be specifically referred to the related description in the foregoing embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first receiving STA passes the orientation on the corresponding first channel or the second channel in the beam direction according to the second available link corresponding beam direction.
  • the CCA performs physical carrier sensing, and when the first channel or the second channel is idle, the CSI frame is sent back to the first sending STA by using the first channel or the second channel, and may also be A transmitting STA establishes a second TXOP on the first channel or the second channel.
  • STA1 as the first transmitting STA supports channel bonding or channel aggregation capability
  • STA2 can detect that the channel is idle on the first channel
  • the CTS frame can be sent on the first channel
  • the STA1 is in the first TXOP2 is established on one channel, and spatial multiplexing of TXOP2 and TXOP1 can be realized at this time;
  • channel idle is detected only on the second channel
  • CTS frame is sent on the second channel
  • STA1 is established only on the second channel.
  • the CTS and TXOP2 of the dotted line indicate that it is necessary to judge the idle condition of the channel 1 according to the potential interference of the TXOP1: if the first channel is idle, the CTS frame can be fed back on the first channel and the TXOP2 is established; otherwise, The CTS frame can only be fed back on the second channel and TXOP2 can be established. This leaves the idle second channel to other STAs, further increasing network throughput. It should be noted that all the actual transmission channels of the CTS frame are the idle channels of STA4.
  • the STA1 as the first transmitting STA supports/has a single channel working capability
  • the STA2 supports the single channel working capability
  • the STA2 after the STA2 receives the RTS frame on the second channel, the STA2 only performs the second channel.
  • the directed CAA if the result of the directed CCA of STA2 shows that the second channel is idle, feeds back the CTS frame and establishes TXOP2 on the second channel.
  • the STA1 may also include whether the directional CCA is preferentially performed on the first channel in the RTS frame. Indicates information indicating whether STA2 preferentially performs directed CCA on the first channel after receiving the RTS frame.
  • the first receiving STA determines, according to the indication information in the RTS frame, preferentially performing directional CCA on the first channel, and determining, by using physical carrier sensing, that the first channel is idle, by using the first channel feedback.
  • a CTS frame, and a second TXOP established on the first channel with the first transmitting STA.
  • the first channel may be Sending a CTS frame and establishing TXOP2 on the first channel with STA1, in which case spatial multiplexing of TXOP2 and TXOP1 can be realized; if the first channel is busy and the channel is idle on the second channel, as shown in FIG. 8 As shown, the CTS frame is transmitted on the second channel, and TXOP2 is established only on the second channel with STA1. This leaves the idle second channel to other STAs, further increasing network throughput. It should be noted that all the actual transmission channels of the CTS frame are the idle channels of STA4.
  • the indication information included in the RTS frame that preferentially performs the directed CCA on the first channel may be carried by an additional control track (Control Trailer) attached to the end of the RTS frame, or may be in a control frame format.
  • Control Trailer The data block of the RTS frame format is carried.
  • the first receiving STA preferentially performs directed CCA on the first channel, and when the first channel is idle by physical carrier sensing. Transmitting, by the first channel, a CTS frame, establishing a second TXOP on the first channel with the first transmitting STA, and determining, when physical channel sensing, that the first channel is busy, in the Performing a directed CCA on the second channel, and when determining that the second channel is idle by physical carrier sensing, feeding back a CTS frame through the second channel, and establishing a second on the second channel with the first transmitting STA TXOP.
  • STA2 after receiving the RTS frame on the second channel, STA2 still preferentially performs directional CCA on the first channel. If the result of the directed CCA of STA2 indicates that the first channel is idle, then the CTS frame is fed back and TXOP2 is established on the first channel, as shown in FIG. 7; otherwise, if the result of the directed CCA of STA2 indicates that the first channel is busy, then Returning to the second channel to continue to direct the CCA, if the result of the directed CCA of STA2 shows that the second channel is idle, then the CTS is fed back and the TXOP2 is established on the second channel, as shown in FIG.
  • STA1/STA2 cannot perform spatial reuse on the first channel, it can return to the second channel to perform directed CCA, and continue to receive data on the second channel. This requires that the interval between the RTS and the CTS be greater than the sum of the time length of the CCA performing 2 channels and the time of the 2 channel switching.
  • TXOP1 is still followed by the CBAP access period, in order to keep all subsequent signaling (such as signaling for TXOP truncation, release, or RTS/CTS when competing channels) in a unified first channel.
  • the end time of TXOP2 should be less than the end time of TXOP1, that is, at the end of TXOP1, STA1 and STA2 can maintain the receiving state on the primary channel.
  • the TXOP2 end time may be later than the end time of TXOP1.
  • the control classification of the TXOP2 end time is shown in Table 3.
  • the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA may also support MIMO capabilities.
  • each pair of senders and receivers eg, aforementioned STA1 and STA2, and STA3 and STA4
  • a beam combination or sector combination or AWV combination refers to a MIMO signal propagation path caused by a MIMO antenna configuration, and thus may also be referred to as a MIMO link.
  • the first transmitting STA and the receiving STA obtain multiple beam combinations and their numbers (such as beam combination 1, beam combination 2, ...) through the BF training in the SLS and BRP phases, and store them, and each number corresponds to one. MIMO link.
  • each MIMO mode or MIMO link corresponds to one beam combination or sector combination or AWV combination, that is, the antenna pattern combinations corresponding to different beam combinations are different.
  • beam combination 1 represents the beam combination of 2 spatial streams
  • beam combination 2 represents the beam combination of 1 spatial stream. Since the propagation paths of the MIMO signals corresponding to the beam combination 1 and the beam combination 2 are different, the CCA as a result of the physical carrier sensing may also be different.
  • the RTS frame sent by the first sending STA is included in the sending beam direction (ie, the first chain)
  • the first idle MIMO link on the transmit beam direction corresponding to the path, the first idle MIMO link being obtained when the first transmit STA performs the directional CCA in the transmit beam direction.
  • the first receiving STA and the first transmitting STA establish a second TXOP on the first channel or the second channel according to an intersection of the first idle MIMO link and the second idle MIMO link.
  • STA1 and STA2 may sequentially perform directional CCA for multiple beam combinations stored by the two parties, and STA1 performs directional CCA according to its own beam combination 1 and beam combination 2, respectively.
  • the beam combination 1 and the beam combination 2 are both idle, so the information of the idle beam combination carried in the RTS frame is: beam combination 1 and beam combination 2.
  • STA2 performs the directional CCA according to its own beam combination 1 and beam combination 2 before the CTS frame is fed back, and then the beam combination 2 is idle. Therefore, the information of the idle beam combination carried in the CTS frame is: beam combination 2 .
  • STA1 and STA2 find the optimal beam combination (beam combination 2) that both parties are idle according to the idle beam combination information carried in the RTS/CTS frame, and establish TXOP2 on the beam combination 2 for communication, which is substantially corresponding to beam combination 2.
  • TXOP2 is established on the idle channel for communication.
  • interval between the RTS and the CTS in FIG. 9 should be sufficient to perform the CCA duration of multiple MIMO links, so the interframe space between the RTS and the CTS should be greater than or equal to the short interframe space SIFS.
  • the first transmitting STA includes link information of one or more idle available links in the RTS frame, so that the first receiving STA can configure the receiving mode of the antenna according to the link information of the available link, that is, from the quasi-omnidirectional receiving
  • the mode (the large-angle receiving range) is switched to the receiving beam (small-angle receiving range) corresponding to the available link indicated by the first transmitting STA, so that the antenna configuration can be adjusted to point to the spatial direction of the first transmitting STA, which is beneficial to the first
  • the receiving STA reduces the spatial range of carrier sensing to avoid interference from other beam directions, thereby improving the probability of implementing spatial multiplexing and improving the throughput of the network.
  • the RTS frame carries multiple available links, and it can increase the possibility that the first receiving STA discovers an idle link through the CS, as compared with only one available link, because multiple backup available links can improve the first receiving STA discovery.
  • the possibility of idle links and idle channels increases the probability of success of the contention channel, thereby further improving channel utilization.
  • the first transmitting STA can configure the antenna to transmit on the idle secondary channel for RTS frame
  • the first receiving STA in the quasi-omnidirectional receiving mode can receive the first transmitting STA through the idle secondary channel.
  • the RTS frame, and receiving the RTS frame is not interfered by when the second transmitting STA transmits data.
  • the first receiving STA may further adjust its quasi-omnidirectional antenna mode to the antenna mode of the first transmitting STA, and determine itself by directing CS.
  • the idle channel corresponding to the link establishes a second transmission opportunity TXOP on the link where the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA are idle and the idle channel corresponding to the link, which makes the first TXOP and the second TXOP Multiplexing can be performed simultaneously both in frequency and in space.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is mainly introduced from the perspective of interaction between the first sending STA and the first receiving STA.
  • the first transmitting STA and the first receiving STA include corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules for performing respective functions.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in a combination of hardware or hardware and computer software in combination with the elements and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or computer software to drive hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the solution. A person skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may divide the functional unit by using the first sending STA or the first receiving STA according to the foregoing method example.
  • each functional unit may be divided according to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one.
  • Processing unit The above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit. It should be noted that the division of the unit in the embodiment of the present invention is schematic, and is only a logical function division, and the actual implementation may have another division manner.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a first transmitting STA and a first receiving STA according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a structure of a channel access system 10 in a contention period composed of the two.
  • FIG. 10 there may be a communication connection between the first transmitting STA 100 and the first receiving STA 200, such as a Bluetooth connection, to implement data communication between the two.
  • a communication connection between the first transmitting STA 100 and the first receiving STA 200, such as a Bluetooth connection, to implement data communication between the two.
  • the first transmitting STA 100 may include: a communication unit 101 and a processing unit 102, where
  • the processing unit 102 is configured to perform carrier sensing CS on at least one first available link, to obtain at least one idle first link and a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links;
  • the communication unit 101 is configured to send, on the first idle channel, an RTS frame to the first receiving STA, where the RTS frame carries the link information of the first link and the bandwidth of the first idle channel. information;
  • the communication unit 101 is further configured to receive a CTS frame that is fed back by the first receiving STA, where the CTS frame carries link information of at least one second link and a second corresponding to each of the second links.
  • the communication unit 101 is further configured to send data to the first receiving STA on a third idle channel corresponding to the third link, where the third link is determined by link information of the second link.
  • the processing unit 102 is specifically configured to perform carrier sensing CS on the at least one first available link in an order of high to low link quality.
  • the processing unit 102 is further configured to select a first link with the best link quality from the at least one of the first links according to the link quality of the at least one of the first links.
  • the communication unit 101 is specifically configured to send an RTS frame to the first receiving STA on the first idle channel corresponding to the first link with the best link quality.
  • the first receiving STA 200 may include a communication unit 201 and a processing unit 202. among them:
  • the communication unit 201 is configured to receive an RTS frame sent by the first sending STA on the at least one first idle channel, where The RTS frame carries link information of at least one first link and bandwidth information of a first idle channel corresponding to each of the first links;
  • the processing unit 202 is configured to perform carrier sensing CS on at least one second available link, to obtain at least one idle second link, and a second idle channel corresponding to each of the second links, where the The two available links are determined by the link information of the first link;
  • the communication unit 201 is further configured to feed back, to the first sending STA, a CTS frame on the second idle channel, where the CTS frame carries link information of the second link and the second idle Bandwidth information for the channel.
  • the processing unit 202 is further configured to: when the receiving address in the RTS frame is different from the MAC address of the first receiving STA, the first The receiving STA updates the network allocation vector NAV according to the link information of the first link carried in the RTS frame, where the NAV is used to indicate whether the channel corresponding to the first link is idle;
  • the processing unit 202 is configured to: perform CS on multiple idle channels in the first idle channel, by using an RTS frame sent on multiple idle channels in an idle channel.
  • a network device ie, a first transmitting STA or a first receiving STA
  • a network device includes: a storage unit 810, a communication interface 820, and a processor 830 coupled to the storage unit 810 and the communication interface 820.
  • the storage unit 810 is configured to store instructions
  • the processor 820 is configured to execute the instructions
  • the communication interface 820 is configured to communicate with other devices under the control of the processor 830.
  • the processor 830 executes the instruction, the channel access method of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments in the foregoing embodiments of the present application may be performed according to the instruction.
  • the processor 830 can also be referred to as a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
  • the storage unit 810 may include a read only memory and a random access memory, and provides instructions, data, and the like to the processor 830.
  • a portion of storage unit 810 may also include a non-volatile random access memory.
  • the components of the device for replacing the wallpaper in a particular application are coupled together, for example by a bus system.
  • the bus system can also include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.
  • various buses are labeled as bus system 840 in the figure. The method disclosed in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the processor 830 or implemented by the processor 830.
  • Processor 830 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 830 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the processor 830 may be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, an off-the-shelf programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component.
  • the processor 830 can implement or perform the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by the hardware decoding processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in storage unit 810, such as processor 830
  • the information in the storage unit 810 can be read, and the related steps in the above method embodiments are completed in combination with hardware.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种竞争期的信道接入方法、相关设备及***，所述方法包括：第一站点STA向第二STA发送RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有空闲的第一链路和所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息；接收所述第二STA反馈的CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有第二链路的链路信息和所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道的带宽信息；在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据，所述第三链路由所述第二链路的链路信息确定。这样能够在第一STA和第二STA均空闲的信道上建立第二传输机会TXOP，实现第一TXOP和第二TXOP在频率和空间上的复用。

Description

竞争期的信道接入方法、相关设备及*** 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别是涉及一种竞争期的信道接入方法、相关设备及***。
背景技术
由于毫米波频段属于高频通信，传播损耗非常大，因此通常采用发射天线的和/或接收天线的模拟波束赋形所取得的增益来补偿路径损耗。其中，发射天线和接收天线通常采用具有大规模天线阵元的天线阵列或者一组可切换的波束天线来形成方向性的模拟波束，通过波束赋形训练形成对齐的发射波束和接收波束，以闭合通信链路或扩大覆盖范围。因此在一些毫米波技术标准(例如面向60GHz频段的电气与电子工程师协会IEEE 802.11ad和802.11ay标准)中设计了模拟波束赋形训练的流程，可以实现通信双方确定各自最优的发送扇区或接收扇区。同时，由于基于模拟波束赋形采用定向传输的通信方式，而无线信号的定向传输使得空间复用(Spatial Reuse)变得可行。
但是在基于竞争的接入期内，接收站点STA(英文：Station，中文：站点)无法知道哪个STA将向自己发送数据，因此无法将接收天线形成指向发送STA的波束，而只能采用准全向的接收天线模式，这样就会导致同一信道上，来自不同方向的多个发送STA的无线信号同时被接收STA接收，从而产生干扰，导致各个信号都无法正确接收，接收STA无法分辨哪个发送STA希望向自己发送信号，也无法将接收天线形成接收波束指向发送STA，导致空间复用失败。
例如，如图1所示，假设在一个CBAP(英文：Contention Based Access Period，中文：基于竞争的接入期)的TXOP(英文：Transmission Opportunity，中文：传输机会)内，已存在STA3和STA4构成的通信链路，且STA3和STA4的工作天线模式已经过波束赋形训练且采用了定向发送波束和定向接收波束。但对于STA2来说，其不知道哪个STA将向自己发送数据，因而STA2只能将天线模式配置为准全向模式(英文：Quasi-Omni Pattern)，而准全向模式将导致STA2受到正在发送数据的STA3的干扰(这是因为STA2处于STA3向STA4发送数据的发送波束方向上)。如果STA1希望向STA2发送数据，则将天线配置为指向STA2的发送波束，如果物理载波侦听(英文：Carrier Sensing，简称：CS)和虚拟载波侦听(例如MAC层的NAV(英文：Network Allocation Vector，中文：网络分配矢量))都指示信道为空闲，则向STA2发送RTS帧/数据帧，但由于STA2的天线模式为准全向模式，如图2所示，使得STA1发送的RTS帧/数据帧很可能受到STA3正在发送的数据帧的干扰，导致STA2无法成功接收到STA1发给自己的RTS帧/数据帧，因而也无法将STA2的天线配置为与STA1通信的天线模式(即形成指向STA1的接收波束)，使STA2无法进行后续的定向的载波侦听，从而无法成功与STA1建立空间复用的新链路，从而导致空间复用失败。
发明内容
基于此，为了能够使得多个发送STA之间能够进行空间复用，特提出了一种竞争期的信道接入方法。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种竞争期的信道接入方法，包括：
第一站点STA(即第一STA)对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第一链路和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道；
在所述第一空闲信道上向第二STA(即第二STA)发送RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有所述第一链路的链路信息和所述第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
接收所述第二STA反馈的CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有至少一个第二链路的链路信息和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道的带宽信息，所述第二空闲信道为所述第二STA对所述第二链路进行CS确定的，所述第二链路由所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据，所述第三链路由所述第二链路的链路信息确定。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所述第一站点STA即说明书中的第一发送站点STA，所述第二STA即说明书中的第一接收站点STA。
在一些实施例中，所述对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：按照链路质量由高到低的顺序，依次对所述至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第一可用链路包括单输入单输出SISO链路，一个SISO链路对应一个发送波束和/或一个发送波束，所述对至少一个可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：根据所述至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应的发送波束来配置天线，对所述发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
具体的，发送波束和接收波束是成对的，若第一STA存储有某个发送波束，其必定知悉该发送波束对应的接收波束。一个发送波束或一个接收波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向上对应有至少一个信道。
在一些实施例中，所述第一可用链路包括多输入多输出MIMO链路，一个MIMO链路对应一个波束组合，所述对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：根据所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合中每个发送波束来配置天线，对所述每个发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
具体的，一个波束组合包括至少一个波束，一个波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向上对应有至少一个信道。
在一些实施例中，所述在所述第一空闲信道上向第二STA发送RTS帧，包括：根据至少一个所述第一链路的链路质量，从至少一个所述第一链路中选取出链路质量最优的第一链路；在所述链路质量最优的第一链路对应的第一空闲信道上向第二STA发送RTS帧。
在一些实施例中，所述第二链路为所述第二STA对至少一个所述第一链路进行CS后确定的空闲的链路，所述第三链路为至少一个所述第二链路中链路质量最优的链路。由于链路与波束/波束组合相对应，因此空闲的链路是指按照链路对应的波束/波束组合完成天线配置并且进行CS后，所述链路对应的波束/波束组合存在至少一个空闲的信道。
在一些实施例中，如果第二STA确定的一个第二链路与所述第一STA发送RTS帧时 采用的第一链路相同，则所述CTS帧不需要携带所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息；也就是说，如果发送CTS帧时的第二链路与发送RTS帧时的第一链路相同，则所述CTS帧不需要显式地携带所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息，而是隐式地指示所述CTS帧与所述RTS帧采用了同一个链路进行发送。
在一些实施例中，所述第二链路不同于所述第一链路，所述在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据之前，还包括：所述第一STA对至少一个所述第二链路进行CS，得到至少一个空闲的第四链路和每个所述第四链路对应的第四空闲信道；所述第三链路为至少一个所述第四链路中链路质量最优的链路。
在一些实施例中，所述第二链路不同于所述第一链路，所述在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据之前，还包括：所述第一STA在空闲的所述第三链路先发送CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带第一STA的所述第三链路对应的空闲信道信息，CTS帧的接收地址设置为第二STA自己的MAC地址，并与之前所述第二STA发送的CTS帧之间间隔一个短帧间间隔(Short InterFrame Space，SIFS)。
在一些实施例中，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS；所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个第一可用链路对应的波束进行定向空闲信道评估CCA，所述定向CCA将天线配置为所述第一可用链路对应的波束；所述虚拟CS为根据所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个第一可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV确定，所述NAV用于指示所述第一可用链路对应的信道是否空闲。
在一些实施例中，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和虚拟CS，所述对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：对所述至少一个第一可用链路进行虚拟CS；在所述虚拟CS指示所述至少一个第一可用链路存在空闲的链路时，再对所述空闲的链路进行物理CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第一空闲信道包括多个空闲信道(如说明书中的第一信道和第二信道)，所述在所述第一空闲信道上向第二STA发送RTS帧，包括：所述第一STA以复制的物理层协议数据单元PPDU在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上发送的RTS帧。即是，所述RTS帧以复制的物理层协议数据单元在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上发送的。
在一些实施例中，所述RTS帧还携带有接收地址、发送地址等信息。这里的发送地址可以包括所述第一STA的MAC地址，接收地址可以包括第二STA的MAC地址。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了又一种竞争期的信道接入方法，包括：
第二站点STA接收第一STA在至少一个第一空闲信道上发送的RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有至少一个第一链路的链路信息和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第二链路和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道，所述第二可用链路由所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一STA反馈CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有所述第二链路的链路信息和所述第二空闲信道的带宽信息。
在一些实施例中，若所述RTS帧还携带接收地址，所述方法还包括：当所述RTS帧中的接收地址不同于所述第二STA的MAC地址时，所述第二STA根据RTS帧携带的所述第 一链路的链路信息更新网络分配矢量NAV，所述NAV用于指示所述第一链路对应的信道是否空闲；
当所述RTS帧中的接收地址与所述第二STA的MAC地址相同时，若所述第二STA接收到所述第一STA以复制的物理层协议数据单元PPDU在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上发送的RTS帧，则所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：所述第二STA在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上进行CS。
在一些实施例中，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：按照链路质量由高到低的顺序，依次对所述至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第二可用链路包括所述至少一个第一链路，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：对所述至少一个所述第一链路中每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道进行载波侦听CS。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个第二可用链路包括除去所述至少一个第一链路之外的可用链路，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：对所述除去所述至少一个第一链路之外的可用链路所对应的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS，一个可用链路对应至少一个信道。
在一些实施例中，所述第二可用链路包括SISO链路，一个SISO链路对应一个发送波束和/或接收波束，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：根据所述至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应的发送波束来配置天线，对所述发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS；其中，一个发送波束或接收波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向上对应有至少一个信道。
在一些实施例中，所述第二可用链路包括MIMO链路，一个MIMO链路对应一个波束组合，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：根据所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合中每个发送波束来配置天线，对所述每个发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS；其中，一个波束组合包括至少一个波束，一个波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向上对应有至少一个信道。
在一些实施例中，所述在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一STA反馈CTS帧，包括：根据至少一个所述第二链路的链路质量，从至少一个所述第二链路中选取出链路质量最优的第二链路；在所述链路质量最优的第二链路对应的第二空闲信道上向第一STA发送CTS帧。
在一些实施例中，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS；所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个第二可用链路中每个第二可用链路对应的波束进行定向CCA，所述定向CCA将天线配置为所述第二可用链路对应的波束；所述虚拟CS为根据所述至少一个第二可用链路中每个第二可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV确定，所述NAV用于指示所述第二可用链路对应的信道是否空闲。
在一些实施例中，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和虚拟CS，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：对所述至少一个第二可用链路进行虚拟CS；在所述虚拟CS指示所述至少一个第二可用链路存在空闲的链路时，对所述空闲的链路进行物理CS。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一些实施例中，所述第二STA发送RTS帧与所述第一 STA反馈CTS帧之间的间隔大于或等于短帧间间隔SIFS。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一些实施例中，所述链路信息包括以下中的任一项或多项：链路标识、链路对应的波束的标识、链路对应的天线的标识、链路对应的波束组合中每个波束的标识、链路对应的波束组合中每个波束对应的天线的标识。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种第一STA，包括用于执行上述第一方面的方法的功能单元。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供一种第二STA，包括用于执行上述第二方面的方法的功能单元。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种第一STA，包括存储器、通信接口及与所述存储器和通信接口耦合的处理器；所述存储器用于存储指令，所述处理器用于执行所述指令，所述通信接口用于在所述处理器的控制下与其他设备进行通信；其中，所述处理器执行所述指令时执行上述第一方面描述的方法。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供了一种第二STA，包括存储器、通信接口及与所述存储器和通信接口耦合的处理器；所述存储器用于存储指令，所述处理器用于执行所述指令，所述通信接口用于在所述处理器的控制下与其他设备进行通信；其中，所述处理器执行所述指令时执行上述第二方面描述的方法。
第七方面，提供了一种竞争期的信道接入***，包括第一STA和第二STA，其中，所述第一STA可以是上述第三方面或第五方面内容所述的第一STA；所述第二STA可以是上述第四方面或第六方面内容所述的第二STA。
第八发明，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储了用于竞争期的信道接入的程序代码。所述程序代码包括用于执行上述第一方面描述的方法的指令。
第九发明，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储了用于竞争期的信道接入的程序代码。所述程序代码包括用于执行上述第二方面描述的方法的指令。
通过实施本发明实施例，能够在第一STA和第二STA均空闲的链路及该链路对应的空闲信道上建立第二传输机会TXOP，这就使得第一TXOP和第二TXOP之间既可在频率上也可在空间上进行复用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
其中：
图1为本发明实施例中一种竞争期接入时的站点天线方向示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中一种竞争期接入时的多个发送STA之间产生干扰的原理示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中一种竞争期接入时的站点天线方向示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中一种竞争期的信道接入方法的流程图；
图5为本发明实施例中一种信道聚合的传输示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中具有信道绑定能力的STA1和STA2竞争信道并建立TXOP2的示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中STA1具有信道绑定能力，STA2不具有信道绑定能力时，在第一信道上建立TXOP2的示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中STA1具有信道绑定能力，STA2不具有信道绑定能力时，在第二信道上建立TXOP2的示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中确定空间复用TXOP2可用的波束组合示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中一种竞争期的信道接入***的结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中一种网络设备(即第一发送STA或第一接收STA)的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了能够使得多个发送站点(Station，STA)之间能够进行空间复用，特提出了一种竞争期的信道接入方法。该方法的执行可依赖于具有模拟波束赋形训练过程的通信***中作为发送第一发送STA和作为第一接收STA。具体的，第一发送STA和第一接收STA可以是采用模拟波束赋形技术的毫米波通信收发设备，例如802.11ad或者802.11ay标准中的STA。
本方法的应用场景可参考图3所示，该应用场景中存在有两对通信设备，分别为STA1和STA2、及STA3和STA4。第一发送STA(即图3中的STA1)希望向第一接收STA(即图3中的STA2)定向地发送数据，STA2处于准全向接收状态。但在此之前，第二发送STA(即图3中的STA3)已经在第一信道(包含主信道)上通过竞争获得了一个第一传输机会TXOP1，并向另一作为接收STA的第二接收STA(即图3中的STA4)发送数据。且接收STA2处于STA3向STA4在TXOP1中发送数据的波束方向上，即STA2采用准全向的接收天线配置时，受到STA3发给STA4的无线信号的干扰。
在本应用场景中，如图3所示，STA3在指向STA4的波束方向上的第一信道上通过竞争获得了一个第一TXOP(即TXOP1)，并向STA4发送数据。第一发送STA(即STA1)希望向第一接收STA(即STA2)发送数据，STA2处于准全向接收状态。
具体的，STA1和STA2都使用一个增强的虚拟载波侦听机制，即每个STA采用多个网络分配矢量NAV，每个NAV与至少一个发送波束和/或接收波束对应。每个NAV除了像以前那样记录TXOP的持续时间或者TXOP的源STA与目的STA的MAC地址之外，还可以包含TXOP持有者(holder)以及响应者(responder)的波束方向信息，和/或TXOP对应链路的信道信息。其中，TXOP对应链路的波束方向信息可以指自己指向源STA和目的STA的接收波束，可以由STA1和STA2利用STA3和STA4在RTS帧和/或CTS帧后面附加的 波束赋形训练序列(例如自动增益控制AGC字段和/或TRN字段)通过BF训练获得，或者由接收者根据TXOP1开端的RTS帧和/或CTS帧的发送者在之前的BF训练中所获得的接收波束信息。例如，STA1和STA2在接收到RTS帧和/或CTS帧时，根据STA3和STA4在RTS帧和/或CTS帧后面附加的波束赋形训练序列，确定RTS帧和/或CTS帧到达自己接收天线的方向，从而确定RTS和/或CTS帧的接收波束；或者，STA1和STA2根据RTS帧和/或CTS帧携带的发送扇区/发送波束编号信息，根据自己与RTS帧和/或CTS帧的发送STA在之前的BF训练中记录的训练结果(即与发送波束对应的接收波束)，确定自己能够接收RTS和/或CTS帧的接收波束。
TXOP对应链路的信道信息指TXOP所占用的信道，可以由RTS/CTS帧携带的信道带宽(bandwidth,BW)信息获得。例如，STA1在收到了STA3发送的请求发送信号RTS帧，则通过检索存储的前期与STA3的BF训练结果，获得自己与STA3之间的方向信息，其中方向信息包含了STA1与STA3通信时的发送扇区(Sector)/发送天线权重矢量AWV(Antenna Weight Vector，AWV)和接收扇区/接收AWV，具体地，可以是STA1指向STA3的接收扇区的编号。需要说明，在本发明专利中，波束(beam)与扇区(sector)/AWV具有相同的含义，可以相互替换表示。
由于STA1并不是STA3的发送数据的目的STA，因此，都为TXOP1的对应链路设置了一个NAV(即第一NAV，记为NAV1)，NAV1记录了TXOP1的时间、频率和空间等多维度的信息，包括了TXOP1的起始时间和持续时间，TXOP1所在的第一信道，以及TXOP1的持有者(holder)以及响应者(responder)的波束方向信息(例如分别与STA3和STA4之间的发送波束/发送扇区/发送AWV和接收波束/接收扇区/接收AWV)。同样的，STA2记录了一个与TXOP1有关的NAV2。
相应地，第一发送STA(即STA1)可在第一信道上检测第二发送STA(即STA3)的第一TXOP(即TXOP1)，并将第一TXOP的相关信息存储在第一网络分配矢量NAV中，所述相关信息包括可参见前述相关内容所述，例如TXOP1的持有者(holder)以及响应者(responder)的空间方向信息、TXOP1的起始时间和持续时间等。
相应地，第一接收STA也可在第一信道上检测第二发送STA(即STA3)的第一TXOP(即TXOP1)，并将第一TXOP的相关信息存储在第二网络分配矢量NAV中，所述相关信息可参见前述相关内容的描述，这里不再赘述。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的请求发送信号RTS帧和清除发送信号CTS帧可以是无线局域网WLAN和无线个域网WPAN网络中常见的RTS帧和CTS帧，例如802.11ad/ay标准中定义的RTS帧和定向多吉比特(directional multi-gigabit，DMG)CTS帧。
在上述应用场景中，若STA1需要向STA2发送数据，则可执行上述竞争期的信道接入方法，具体的，如图4所示，包括：
步骤S101：第一发送STA对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第一链路和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道。
本申请中，所述可用链路可包括单输入单输出SISO(Single-Input Single-Output，SISO)链路、多输入多输出MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO)链路、或者其他类型 的链路。所述可用链路也可称作波束链路。
针对SISO链路而言，一个SISO链路对应一个波束。一个波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向对应一个或多个信道。所述波束指发送波束和/或接收波束。这里的波束可以理解为一个发送扇区/发送AWV和/或一个接收扇区/接收AWV。
针对于MIMO链路而言，一个MIMO链路对应一个波束组合(beam combination)，所述波束组合可包括一个发送波束组合和/或一个接收波束组合。一个波束组合包括多个波束。也即是一个MIMO链路包括波束组合中每个波束的波束方向信息，每个波束对应的天线编号信息。STA可检测到一个波束方向上所对应的一个或多个信道，也即是一个波束方向可对应有至少一个信道。
本申请中，波束方向信息指波束对应的扇区编号信息(如波束对应的扇区ID)，或波束对应的模拟预编码AWV。
在一些实施例中，第一发送STA对至少一个第一可用链路对应波束方向上的一个或多个信道进行载波侦听(Carrier Sensing，CS)，得到至少一个空闲的第一链路(即存在空闲信道的波束方向)和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道。这里第一空闲信道的个数可以是一个或多个，例如第一空闲信道包括：{主X1信道，主X2信道，次信道1，次信道2}，其中X1和X2表示信道带宽，主X1信道表示包含主信道的带宽为X1的信道，次信道1和次信道2分别表示不包含主信道的一个次信道。
RTS帧以复制PPDU的形式在空闲的所述第一空闲信道上发送，信道带宽信息指示了RTS帧的具体占用的信道(即第一空闲信道)。
步骤S102、所述第一发送STA在所述第一空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有所述第一链路的链路信息和所述第一空闲信道的带宽信息。
本申请中，所述链路信息可包括以下中的任意一项或多项：发送波束/发送扇区的标识、发送天线的标识、接收波束/接收扇区的标识、接收天线的标识、发送波束的波束方向信息、接收波束的波束方向信息、或者其他用于标识链路对应的波束方向的参数信息。
所述链路信息可由RTS帧的控制拖尾(Control Trailer)部分携带，所述第一空闲信道的带宽信息由传统头部(Legacy Header)字段携带。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所述第一发送站点STA也可称为第一站点STA，所述第一接收STA也可称为第二站点STA。
步骤S103、相应地，所述第一接收STA接收所述第一发送STA发送的RTS帧。
一般第一接收STA以天线配置为准全向接收模式接收到RTS帧。在基于竞争的信道接入期内，由于第一接收STA无法预知哪个STA将会向自己发送数据，因而一般将天线配置成准全向接收模式。
步骤S104、所述第一接收STA对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第二链路和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道，所述第二可用链路由所述第一链路的链路信息确定。
本申请中，第一接收STA可对RTS帧进行解析，获知RTS帧携带的至少一个第一链路的链路信息和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息。接着，根据RTS帧携带的至少一个第一链路的链路信息和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息， 第一接收STA可对每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道进行CS，得到空闲的至少一个第二链路及每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道。此时所述第二链路为所述至少一个第一链路的子集，即所述第二链路属于所述至少一个第一链路中的链路。步骤S104中的所述至少一个第二可用链路包括至少一个所述第一链路。在一些实施例中，在第一接收STA对每个所述第一链路进行CS的结果显示该第一链路在任意信道都为忙时，第一接收STA可对除所述第一链路之外的一个或多个其他可用链路(即至少一个第二可用链路)进行CS，得到空闲的至少一个第二链路及每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道。此时步骤S104中的所述第二链路并不属于所述至少一个第一链路中的链路，所述至少一个第二可用链路包括除去所述至少一个第一链路之外的收发端均支持并预先存储的一个或多个其他可用链路。
即所述第二空闲信道为所述第一接收STA对所述第二链路进行CS时确定的空闲信道，所述第二链路由所述第一链路的链路信息确定。
本申请中，如果多个可用链路按照链路质量进行排序列，则所述第二链路不包含已被多个所述第一链路排除的质量较高的链路。例如，所述第一发送STA和所述第一接收STA之间存储有3个按链路质量排序后的可用链路{链路1，链路2，链路3}，如果第一链路的链路信息包括{链路2，链路3}，则第一接收STA不再对链路1进行CS，而是将{链路2，链路3}作为所述第二链路进行CS。
对每个所述第一链路进行CS时，第一接收STA需要根据RTS帧携带的至少一个第一链路的链路信息，获得对应第一链路对应的接收波束信息，并将天线配置为所述的接收波束/接收波束组合，在所述第一空闲信道上进行物理CS。可选地，第一接收STA对每个所述第一链路进行物理CS之前，首先检查所述第一链路对应的虚拟CS是否指示信道为空闲。所述虚拟CS可以为所述第一链路对应的波束/波束组合对应的网络分配矢量(NAV)，或者是全部链路共用一个或多个NAV。如果所述虚拟CS为所述第一链路对应的专有NAV，则只需所述专有NAV为0时，无论其它NAV为何值，所述虚拟CS都指示所述第一链路为空闲；否则，如果全部链路共用一个或多个NAV，则全部NAV都为0时，所述虚拟CS才指示所述第一链路为空闲。
可以看出，由于第一接收STA将天线配置为所述的接收波束/接收波束组合，所述物理CS为定向空闲信道评估(Clear Channel Assessment，CCA)。
步骤S105、所述第一接收STA在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一发送STA反馈CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有所述第二链路的链路信息和所述第二空闲信道的带宽信息。
步骤S106、相应地，所述第一发送STA接收所述第一接收STA反馈的CTS帧。
由于CTS帧的发送可能采用了与发送RTS帧时所不同的链路，为了使所述第一发送STA能够成功接收到CTS帧，所述所述第一发送STA以天线配置为准全向接收模式接收CTS帧。
所述第一发送STA发送的RTS帧内包含所述第一接收STA反馈CTS帧的链路指示信息，用于指示所述第一接收STA在所述链路指示信息所指示的空闲链路对应的空闲信道(即第二空闲信道)上反馈CTS帧。
由于第一接收STA反馈CTS帧时可能采用不同于所述第一链路的第二链路，因而步骤S106中，所述第一发送STA采用准全向天线配置接收CTS帧。
步骤S107、所述第一发送STA在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第一接收STA发送数据，所述第三链路由所述第二链路的链路信息确定。
本申请中，第一发送STA可对接收的CTS帧进行解析，获知到所述CTS帧中携带的至少一个第二链路的链路信息及每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道。进一步地，第一发送STA可从所述至少一个第二链路中确定出一个第三链路及所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道。第一发送STA在所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上通过竞争获得第二发送机会TXOP2，可在所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送数据。
在一些实施例中，第一发送STA和第一接收STA之间分别存储了与对方通信时一个或多个可用链路的链路信息。这些可用链路是收发双方通过之前的模拟波束赋形训练确定的一个最优的波束链路和/或多个次优的波束链路，其中次优的波束链路用作备份链路，并在最优波束链路为不可用/忙状态时使用。由于波束的定向传输和信道的多径效应，第一发送STA和第一接收STA之间可能具有多个链路质量较高的波束链路，因此，可用链路是指收发STA之间通过模拟波束赋形训练确定并预先存储的一个或多个波束链路。
举例来说，参见图3所示的应用场景图中，第一发送STA(STA1)和第一接收STA(STA2)之间分别存储有双方通信时支持的多个可用链路的链路信息，该链路对应包括所述可用链路对应的发送波束ID和发送天线ID(分别用Tbeam,k和Tantenna,k表示)，接收波束ID和接收天线ID(分别用Rbeam,k和Rantenna,k表示)，其中，k＝1,…,K，K为可用链路的个数，为正整数。如下表1和表2示例性地给出SISO链路和MIMO链路对应的链路信息。
表1收发端双方存储的一个或多个SISO链路
Figure PCTCN2017082386-appb-000001
表2收发端双方存储的一个或多个MIMO链路
Figure PCTCN2017082386-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017082386-appb-000003
由上表1和表2可知，对于SISO链路而言，每一个可用链路都对应一对发送波束ID和接收波束ID，以及一对发送天线ID和接收天线ID。对于MIMO链路而言，每一个可用链路都对应一个波束组合，所述波束组合包括一个或多个发送波束和一个或多个接收波束，每一个发送波束和接收波束分别对应一个发送天线和一个接收天线。本申请中，考虑到天线类型可能为双极化天线，天线ID可以用射频链ID表示。
在步骤S101的一种实施方式中，所述第一发送STA可根据所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个可用链路的链路质量，按照链路质量由高到低或由低到高的顺序进行排序，并依次对所述每个第一可用链路进行载波侦听(Carrier Sensing，CS)，得到一个或多个空闲的第一链路和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道。优选地，所述第一发送STA可按照链路质量由高到低的顺序，依次对所述至少一个第一可用链路进行CS。
举例来说，参见表1给出的SISO链路的链路信息，若Tbeam,1和Tantenna,1、Tbeam,2和Tantenna,2……到Tbeam,k和Tantenna,k分别为链路质量从高到低顺序排列对应的可用链路。第一发送STA也可按照上述顺序依次对第一可用链路对应波束方向上的至少一个信道进行CS。第一可用链路可以包括所述可用链路中的所有或部分链路。
具体的，在第一发送STA对Tbeam,1和Tantenna,1对应波束方向上的至少一个信道进行CS的结果显示该波束方向上的信道为忙时，第一发送STA可继续针对链路质量排在次优的可用链路Tbeam,2和Tantenna,2对应波束方向上的至少一个信道进行CS，依次类推，直到某个可用链路对应波束方向(如Tbeam,m和Tantenna,m)上的至少一个信道进行CS的结果显示该波束方向的一个或多个信道为空闲时，则将Tbeam,m和Tantenna,m包含在RTS帧内进行发送。
具体的，Tbeam,m和Tantenna,m分别为发送波束的标识和发送天线的标识的一种具体表示，可将其包含在RTS帧的控制拖尾(Control Trailer)部分当中。例如，当STA1采用链路质量最优的第一链路(如发送波束的标识和发送天线的标识为Tbeam,1和Tantenna,1)上的第一空闲信道来发送RTS帧时，发送的RTS帧可不包含控制拖尾部分；否则，当STA3采用其他链路质量次优的第一链路(如发送波束的标识和发送天线的标识为Tbeam,m和Tantenna,m)上的第一空闲信道来发送发送RTS帧时，发送的RTS帧包含控制拖尾部分，且控制拖尾部分包含第一链路的链路信息，如Tbeam,m和Tantenna,m。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个第一可用链路可以是收发端双方通信时均支持的所有或部分的可用链路。例如，假设第一发送STA和第一接收STA支持的可用链路有5条，分别为波束方向1至波束方向5，其也是按照链路质量从高到低的顺序排列的。
实际应用中，第一发送STA可按照链路质量从高到低的顺序依次对应这5条链路(即5个波束方向上的3个信道)分别进行CS。若第一发送STA对链路质量最优的波束方向1上的3个信道分别进行CS后，得到波束方向1上存在有2个第一空闲信道，如信道1和信道3，此时可结束CS。此例中的第一可用链路包括1条可用链路，即波束方向1。第一 发送STA还可将侦听的波束方向1和该波束方向1上的第一空闲信道(即信道1和信道3)放置RTS帧中传输给第一接收STA。信道是指信道划分后最小物理带宽信道的整数倍的信道，例如带宽为(2.16×M)GHz的信道，其中M为正整数。
在步骤S101的又一种实施方式中，所述第一可用链路包括SISO链路，一个SISO链路对应一个波束，所述对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：所述第一发送STA对所述至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS；其中，一个波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向上对应有至少一个信道。
具体地，所述第一发送STA还可按照所述至少一个SISO链路的链路质量，分别对所述至少一个SISO链路对应波束方向上的至少一个信道进行CS，例如按照链路质量由高到低或由低到高、或其他设定顺序，依次对所述至少一个SISO链路中的所有或部分SISO链路对应波束方向上的信道进行CS。
在步骤S101的又一种实施方式中，所述第一可用链路包括MIMO链路，一个MIMO链路对应一个波束组合，所述对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：所述第一发送STA对所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合中每个波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS；其中，一个波束组合包括至少一个波束，一个波束对应一个波束方向，每个波束方向上对应有至少一个信道。
具体地，所述第一发送STA还可按照所述至少一个MIMO链路的链路质量，分别对所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合中每个波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行CS，例如按照链路质量由高到低或由低到高、或其他设定顺序，依次对所述至少一个MIMO链路中的所有或部分MIMO链路对应波束组合进行CS。
在步骤S102的一种实施方式中，所述第一发送STA可在每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道上向所述第一接收STA发送RTS帧。但是，在保证传输可靠性的同时，也存在较大的带宽开销。
在步骤S102的又一种实施方式中，所述第一发送STA可从空闲的至少一个可用链路中任意选取出一个或多个第一链路，以在选取出的第一链路对应的第一空闲信道上向所述第一接收STA发送RTS帧。
在步骤S102的又一种实施方式中，所述第一发送STA可根据所述至少一个可用链路中每个可用链路的链路质量，从中选取出链路质量高于预设质量的一个或多个第一链路，以在选取的所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道上向所述第一接收STA发送RTS帧。
在一些实施例中，所述第一发送STA可根据至少一个所述第一链路的链路质量，从至少一个所述第一链路中选取出链路质量最优的第一链路，以在所述链路质量最优的第一链路对应的第一空闲信道上向第一接收发送RTS帧。
在一些实施例中，所述链路质量包括用于评定链路的质量好坏的参数信息，链路质量可以是信噪比或信干噪比或信道容量。例如，SISO链路的链路质量采用信噪比、信干噪比或接收信号强度指示来判断，而MIMO链路的链路质量采用信道容量或可达速率来判断。举例来说，若波束方向1对应链路的链路质量为5，波束方向2对应链路的链路质量为3，则波束方向1对应链路的链路质量高于波束方向2对应链路的链路质量。
在一些实施例中，所述RTS帧还可携带有接收地址(Receive Address，RA)，如第一 接收STA的标识或地址、发送地址(Transmitter Address，TA)，如第一发送STA的标识或地址、RTS帧的带宽(Bandwidth，BW)信息等。
在一些实施例中，在步骤S102的又一种实施方式中，若所述第一空闲信道包括多个空闲信道(如主信道和至少一个次信道)，所述第一发送STA可以以复制的(duplicate)物理层协议数据单元(physical layer protocol data unit，PPDU)在多个空闲信道上发送RTS帧。也即是，所述RTS帧可以复制的PPDU形式在多个空闲信道(即第一空闲信道)上发送。
相应地，在步骤S103中，若所述RTS帧以复制的PPDU形式在多个空闲信道上发送的，此时第一接收STA任一或多个空闲信道上成功接收到所述复制的PPDU的至少一个分量(segment)，则所述第一接收STA确定成功接收到所述RTS帧。一般地，当所述第一接收STA只具有一个射频链时，所述第一接收STA只处理从主信道接收的信号，当主信道的信号被干扰而未能成功接收时，所述第一接收STA认为整个RTS未能成功接收。当所述第一接收STA具有两个射频链时(例如支持信道聚合)，第一接收STA可以将两个射频链分别运行在一个信道上，因而可以同时从两个信道接收RTS帧的复制(duplicate)PPDU，当从其中一个信道上成功接收RTS帧复制PPDU的一个分量(segment)时，就认为整个RTS帧被接收，从而在RTS帧的对应的整个信道带宽上都进行CS。这样做的优势在于，当通过在RTS帧的对应的整个信道带宽上都进行CS且整个信道带宽都为空闲时，就能够实现更大信道带宽范围内的空间复用，即扩大了空间复用时的信道带宽，提高吞吐量。其中，RTS帧的复制PPDU在多个子信道上具有重复的频率信号分量，例如RTS帧同时具有两个重复的2.16GHz的频率分量，每一个分量都完全携带RTS帧的全部信息。
在一些实施例中，若所述RTS帧还携带有接收地址，则所述第一接收STA可识别所述RTS帧中的接收地址是否为所述第一接收STA的MAC地址，若为是，则所述第一接收STA根据RTS帧携带的所述第一链路的链路信息来更新NAV。如所述第一接收STA将所述第一链路对应的NAV设置为0或空闲状态，表示所述第一链路对应波束方向上存在有空闲的信道。
当所述第一接收STA识别到所述RTS帧中的接收地址不为所述第一接收STA的MAC地址时，若所述RTS帧以复制的PPDU形式发送的，则在步骤S104的一个实施方式中，第一接收STA可对发送所述RTS帧对应的全部空闲信道(即第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道)进行CS。
在一些实施例中，第一发送STA或第一接收STA发送的CTS帧中不需要携带有所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息。具体的，确定的一个第二链路与所述第一STA发送RTS帧时采用的第一链路相同，则所述CTS帧不需要携带有所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息；也就是说，如果发送CTS帧时的第二链路与发送RTS帧时的第一链路相同，则所述CTS帧不需要显式携带所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息，而是默认所述CTS帧与所述RTS帧采用了同一个链路进行发送。
需要说明的是，关于S104的相关内容可具体参见前述步骤S101相关实施例的具体阐述，这里不再赘述。即在一些实施例中，所述第一接收STA可根据至少一个第二可用链路的链路质量对所述至少一个第二可用链路进行CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第二可用链路包括SISO链路，所述第一接收STA可对所述至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第二可用链路包括MIMO链路，所述第一接收STA可对所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合在至少一个信道上进行载波侦听CS。
关于步骤S105的相关内容可具体参见前述步骤S102相关实施例的具体阐述，这里不再赘述。即在一些实施例中，所述第一接收STA可在每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道上向所述第一发送STA反馈CTS帧。
在一些实施例中，所述第一接收STA可在链路质量最优的第二链路对应的第二空闲信道上向所述第一发送STA反馈CTS帧。
需要说明的是，若所述第一空闲信道为多个时，则所述第一发送STA向所述第一接收STA发送的RTS帧为复制格式(duplicate format)的RTS帧，即RTS帧的PPDU为复制PPDU。同理，若所述第二空闲信道为多个时，则所述第一接收STA向所述第一发送STA发送的CTS帧为复制格式的CTS帧。
在步骤S107的一个实施方式，若所述第二链路属于所述至少一个第一链路中的链路，则所述第一发送STA可从所述至少一个第二链路中选取一个第三链路，以在所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送数据。
在一些实施例中，所述第一发送STA可从所述至少一个第二链路中任意选取一个第三链路，以在所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送数据。
在一些实施例中，所述第一发送STA可根据所述至少一个第二链路中每个第二链路的链路质量，从中选取出链路质量为最优质量或设定质量的一个第三链路，或者从中选取出链路质量高于预设阈值的一个第三链路，以在所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送数据。
在步骤S107的又一个实施方式，若所述第二链路不属于所述至少一个第一链路中的链路，则步骤S107之前还包括：所述第一发送STA对至少一个第二链路进行CS，得到至少一个空闲的第四链路和每个所述第四链路对应的第四空闲信道。所述第一发送STA可从所述至少一个第四链路中任意选取一个第三链路，以在所述第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送数据。
在一些实施例中，由于第一接收STA在对每个所述第二链路进行CS的结果显示每个所述第二链路对应波束方向上的信道为忙，为保证通信的可靠性，第一接收STA可对继续对除所述第一链路之外的其他可用链路(即第二可用链路)进行CS，此时CTS帧携带的至少一个第二链路包括除所述第一链路之外的其他可用链路。由于第一发送STA并未对该第二链路进行CS，不知道这些链路对应波束方向上的信道是否空闲，因此第一发送STA需再次对所述至少一个第二链路进行CS，以得到至少一个空闲的第四链路及每个第四链路对应的第四空闲信道。
关于第一发送STA如何从所述至少一个第四链路中选取一个第三链路可具体参见前述从所述至少一个第二链路中选取出一个第三链路的相关具体阐述，这里不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，所述第一空闲信道、第二空闲信道、第三空闲信道和第四空闲信道 可以是指相同的信道、也可是指不同的信道，且信道的数量可以是一个或多个，这里不做限定。
在一些实施例中，所述第一接收STA发送RTS帧与所述第一发送STA反馈CTS帧的时间间隔大于或等于短帧间间隔(Short Interframe Space，SIFS)。这里的SIFS是指RTS和CTS之间的间隔，通常在2.4/5GHz频段SIFS为10微秒，在高频段(60GHz频段)SIFS为3微秒。
在一些实施例中，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS，所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个可用链路中每个可用链路对应的波束进行定向CCA，所述定向CCA为用于将天线配置为指向所述可用链路对应波束的波束方向上进行的CCA，可以采用序列检测或者能量检测的方式进行CCA。其中，一个STA采用定向CCA时应当将天线配置为一个接收波束时的天线增益(接收波束带来的增益)从接收信号中消除。发送STA进行定向CCA时应采用与可用链路对应的发送波束相同或最接近的波束模式(beam pattern)的接收波束。根据至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应的发送波束来配置天线，是指对于发送STA，如果天线具有互易性(reciprocity)，则所述第一可用链路对应的发送波束与接收波束相同，即可以按照发送波束进行天线配置并进行定向CCA；否则，如果天线不具有互易性，则发送STA应当使用与第一可用链路对应的发送波束具有最接近波束模式的接收波束，即将天线配置为与发送波束在方向上最接近的接收波束，并在定向CCA时消除发送波束与接收波束之间的波束增益差别。由于同一个设备在同一个波束方向的发送波束与接收波束之间的差别难以准确消除，因此支持天线/天线模式互易性的STA可以针对一个发送波束使用相应的接收波束更准确地进行定向CCA。所述虚拟CS可以为确定所述至少一个可用链路中每个可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV。
在一些实施例中，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS，所述对至少一个可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：对所述至少一个可用链路进行虚拟CS。其中，虚拟CS是指针对所有可用链路都设置一个共同的NAV，或者为每一个可用链路分别设立一个NAV。当虚拟CS为所有链路只采用一个共同的NAV时，只有当NAV的值为0时，才能进行下一步的物理CS；当STA为每一个可用链路分别设立一个NAV时，只有当该可用链路的NAV为0时，STA才能针对该可用链路对应的波束的波束方向进行物理CS。
在所述虚拟CS确定出所述至少一个可用链路存在空闲的链路时，对所述空闲的链路进行物理CS。
需要说明的是，上述可用链路可以包括所述第一可用链路或所述第二可用链路。
在一些实施例中，所述第一接收STA在至少一个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道上向所述第一发送STA反馈CTS帧时，所述CTS帧不显式地携带至少一个第二链路的链路信息。如果第二STA确定的一个链路质量最优的第二链路与所述第一STA发送RTS帧时采用的第一链路相同，则所述CTS帧不需要携带所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息；也就是说，如果发送CTS帧时的第二链路与发送RTS帧时的第一链路相同，则所述CTS帧不需要显式地携带所述至少一个第二链路的链路信息，而是隐式地指示所述CTS帧与所述RTS帧采用了同一个链路进行发送。例如，CTS帧利用至少一个天线ID字段和至少一个扇 区ID字段指示空闲的至少一个第二链路，但如果所述至少一个天线ID字段和至少一个扇区ID字段不携带信息时(即所述至少一个天线ID字段和至少一个扇区ID字段保留或不出现时)，表示所述CTS帧采用了之前发送RTS帧相同的链路。
实际应用中，希望进行空间复用(相对于STA3和STA4的TXOP1进行空间复用)的STA1可通过模拟波束赋形确定与STA2的发送波束方向，但STA1需要确保STA1与STA2之间的发送波束方向与前述第一NAV中记录的TXOP1中的STA3的发送波束方向不同，即STA1的发送波束/发送扇区/发送AWV和接收波束/接收扇区/接收AWV与NAV1中记录的STA3的发送波束/发送扇区/发送AWV和接收波束/接收扇区/接收AWV都不相同。
模拟波束赋形是一种定向传输的通信方式，而定向传输使得较短距离内的空间复用(Spatial Reuse)或空间共享(Spatial Sharing)变得可行。随着毫米波技术的发展，大规模天线阵列的应用将使得波束宽度更窄，有利于实现更深度的空间复用。
在一些实施例中，若第一发送STA因为TXOP1的通信传输为每条可用链路设置有相应地NAV，该NAV持续到TXOP1结束时才指示所述可用链路对应波束方向上的信道为空闲。
实际应用中，在所述第一可用链路对应的NAV为0，或指示所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的信道为空闲时，第一发送STA可对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的信道进行物理CS，如果所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的信道中存在有空闲信道(如所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道)时，所述第一发送STA可将所述第一可用链路对应设置的NAV重置为0或空闲状态(即指示所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上存在有空闲信道，或信道处于空闲状态)。
同理，所述第一接收STA在第二可用链路对应设置的NAV为0，或指示所述第二可用链路对应波束方向上的信道为空闲时，所述第一接收STA可对第二可用链路进行CS，且在所述第二可用链路对应波束方向上的一个或多个信道处于空闲状态时，则重置第二可用链路对应的NAV为0或空闲状态。
如图5所示，是本发明实施例提供的一种信道聚合或信道绑定传输示意图。若收发端STA具备信道聚合能力，则收发端STA(如STA1或STA2)可以在运行的多个信道上分别进行独立地数据收发。其中，信道聚合是指传输时不同信道之间的保护带不加以利用。在一个支持信道聚合能力的设备内，使用2个相同的调制解调器(modem)模块，每个调制解调器模块独立工作在一个不同的信道上，即每个信道上传输一个独立的空间流/空时流，就可以实现信道的聚合传输。
由如图1所示的信道聚合的传输示意图可知，STA1和STA2在信道1和信道2上同时发送数据，且不同信道上采用的调制编码策略(Modulation and Coding Scheme,MCS)可以不同。
结合前述相关实施例，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述可用链路对应波束方向上的信道可包括第一信道(主信道)和第二信道(次信道)，若所述第一发送STA具备信道绑定(Channel Bonding)或信道聚合(Channel Aggregation)能力，则步骤S101的又一种实施 方式中：所述第一发送STA对至少一个第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道和第二信道均进行物理载波侦听CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第一信道可以为STA支持通信的最小带宽信道的整数倍，例如2.16GHz、6.48GHz、8.64GHz信道…或者其他自定义设置的最小带宽信道。所述第二信道为除去所述第一信道之外的STA支持通信的频率范围内的信道，例如次2.16GHz信道等。
若所述第一发送STA具备单信道能力，且所述第一接收STA具备信道绑定或信道聚合能力，则步骤S101的又一种实施方式中：所述第一发送STA优先对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道进行物理CS，再对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第二信道进行物理CS。
在一些实施例中，所述第一发送STA优先对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道进行物理CS，在所述物理CS的结果显示该第一信道为空闲，可结束物理CS，也可继续继续对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第二信道进行物理CS，以确定所述第一可用链路是否空闲，及所述第一可用链路对应的第一空闲信道。
若所述第一发送STA具备单信道能力，且所述第一接收STA具备单信道工作能力，则步骤S101的又一种实施方式中：所述第一发送STA优先对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道进行物理CS，若所述物理CS的结果显示该第一信道忙，则继续继续对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第二信道进行物理CS。
在一些实施例中，所述信道绑定是指将多个信道合并进行传输，传输时多个信道之间不存在保护频带。在60GHz频段，信道绑定可以用2.16GHz的整数倍带宽的信道(如4.32GHz，6.48GHz，8.64GHz等)来表示。
如前所述，作为第一发送STA的STA1在确定了与作为第一接收STA的STA2的发送波束方向(即第一可用链路对应的波束方向)之后，则可以向STA2发送请求发送信号RTS帧来请求创建新的TXOP(即TXOP2)。但在STA1向STA2发送请求发送信号RTS帧之前，需要根据STA1自身是否支持信道绑定或信道聚合能力的实际情况选择相应的信道来发送RTS帧，即：
在STA1不支持信道绑定和信道聚合能力(即STA1支持单信道功能能力)时，STA1在作为辅助传输的第二信道上通过定向空闲信道评估CCA进行物理载波侦听CS(英文Carrier Sensing)，待到第二信道空闲时，则通过第二信道向STA2发送请求发送信号RTS帧。
而在STA1支持信道绑定或信道聚合能力时，STA1则根据所述第一可用链路对应的波束方向，在该波束方向对应的第一信道和第二信道上分别通过定向CCA进行物理载波侦听，在第一信道和第二信道各自空闲时，通过第一信道和第二信道向第一接收STA发送复制格式的RTS帧。
也就是说，若STA1不支持信道绑定和信道聚合能力，则只在第二信道上进行定向CCA，在经过物理载波侦听CS确定第二信道空闲后，仅通过第二信道向STA2发送RTS帧。而若STA1支持信道绑定或信道聚合能力，则STA1既在第一信道上进行定向CCA，也在第二信道上进行定向CCA，并在经过物理载波侦听CS确定第一信道或第二信道空闲后，既通过第一信道发送复制格式的(duplicate format)RTS帧，也通过第二信道发送复制格式的 (duplicate format)RTS帧。这样就使得第一信道被占用时，STA1也仍然能在第二信道上成功发送RTS帧，使STA2可以针对STA1的方向进行定向CCA，可大大提高建立空间复用的成功概率。
同时也使得当STA2在通过第一信道接收到RTS帧之后，可在第一信道上进行定向CCA，从而在第一信道上返回CTS帧，最终复用第一信道创建基于第一信道的TXOP2，从而可将第二信道空闲出来给其他的STA使用，通过空间和频率两方面的复用，节省了传输资源。
需要说明的是，STA1定向CCA是指STA1将天线配置为指向STA2传输的天线方向或天线模式。RTS帧的所有实际发送信道都是STA1的空闲信道。
在一些实施例中，所述第一空闲信道可包括多个空闲信道，例如上述第一信道和/或第二信道。
如前所述，作为第一接收STA的STA2在接收到STA1通过第一信道或第二信道发送来的RTS帧之后，即可确定希望向其发送数据的STA为STA1，还可通过模拟波束赋形确定接收STA1的接收波束方向，但STA2需要确保该接收波束方向与前述第二NAV(即前述的NAV2)中记录的TXOP1中的与STA3的发送波束方向对应的接收波束方向不同，即STA2的发送扇区/发送AWV和接收扇区/接收AWV与NAV2中记录的发送扇区/发送AWV和接收扇区/接收AWV都不相同。
在本发明的又一个实施例中，所述可用链路可包括第一信道和第二信道，若所述第一接收STA具备信道绑定或信道聚合能力，则步骤S104的又一种实施方式中：所述第一接收STA对至少一个第二可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道和第二信道均进行物理载波侦听CS。
若所述第一发送STA具备单信道能力，且所述第一接收STA具备信道绑定或信道聚合能力，则步骤S104的又一种实施方式中：所述第一接收STA优先对所述第二可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道进行物理CS，再对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第二信道进行物理CS。
若所述第一发送STA具备单信道能力，且所述第一接收STA具备单信道工作能力，则步骤S104的又一种实施方式中：在所述第一接收STA在第二信道上进行数据通信时(即第一接收STA在第二信道上接收到RTS帧)，所述第一接收STA优先对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第二信道进行物理CS，若所述物理CS的结果显示该第二信道忙，则继续对所述第一可用链路对应波束方向上的第一信道进行物理CS。
需要说明的是，关于步骤S104的相关内容可具体参见前述实施例中的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，在步骤S105的又一种实施方式中：第一接收STA根据所述第二可用链路对应波束方向，在该波束方向上对应的第一信道或第二信道上通过定向CCA进行物理载波侦听，在所述第一信道或第二信道空闲时，通过所述第一信道或第二信道向所述第一发送STA反馈清除发送信号CTS帧，还可与所述第一发送STA建立在所述第一信道或第二信道上的第二TXOP。
具体地，若作为第一发送STA的STA1支持信道绑定或信道聚合能力，则如果STA2可在第一信道上检测到信道空闲，则可以在第一信道上发送CTS帧，并与STA1在第一信道上建立TXOP2，这时可实现TXOP2与TXOP1的空间复用；若只在第二信道上检测到信道空闲，则在第二信道上发送CTS帧，并与STA1只在第二信道上建立TXOP2。如图6所示，虚线的CTS和TXOP2表示需要根据TXOP1潜在的干扰而对信道1的空闲情况进行判断：如果第一信道空闲，则可以在第一信道上反馈CTS帧并建立TXOP2，否则，只能在第二信道上反馈CTS帧和建立TXOP2。这样可以将空闲的第二信道留给其它STA，进一步提高网络吞吐量。需要说明的是，CTS帧的所有实际发送信道都是STA4的空闲信道。
而若作为第一发送STA的STA1支持/具备单信道工作能力，则在STA2支持单信道工作能力的情况下，则STA2接收到第二信道上的RTS帧后，则仅在第二信道上进行定向CAA，如果STA2的定向CCA的结果显示第二信道为空闲，则在第二信道上反馈CTS帧和建立TXOP2。
进一步的，若作为第一发送STA的STA1支持单信道工作能力，则在STA2也支持单信道工作能力的情况下，STA1中还可以在RTS帧中包含是否优先在第一信道上执行定向CCA的指示信息，来指示STA2在接收到RTS帧之后，是否优先在第一信道上执行定向CCA。
而第一接收STA则根据所述RTS帧中的指示信息确定优先在所述第一信道上执行定向CCA，在通过物理载波侦听确定所述第一信道空闲时，通过所述第一信道反馈CTS帧，与所述第一发送STA建立在所述第一信道上的第二TXOP。在通过物理载波侦听确定所述第一信道忙时，在所述第二信道上执行定向CCA，在通过物理载波侦听确定所述第二信道空闲时，通过所述第二信道反馈CTS帧，与所述第一发送STA建立在所述第二信道上的第二TXOP。
也就是说，如果STA2根据RTS帧中的指示信息确定优先在所述第一信道上执行定向CCA之后，可在第一信道上检测到信道空闲，则如图7所示，可以在第一信道上发送CTS帧，并与STA1在第一信道上建立TXOP2，这时可实现TXOP2与TXOP1的空间复用；若在第一信道为忙，而第二信道上检测到信道空闲，则如图8所示，在第二信道上发送CTS帧，并与STA1只在第二信道上建立TXOP2。这样可以将空闲的第二信道留给其它STA，进一步提高网络吞吐量。需要说明的是，CTS帧的所有实际发送信道都是STA4的空闲信道。
需要说明的是，RTS帧中包含的是否优先在所述第一信道上执行定向CCA的指示信息可采用RTS帧的尾部附带的附加数据块(Control Trailer)来携带，或者用能用控制帧格式的RTS帧格式的数据块来携带。
而在另一个实施例中，若STA1具有信道绑定或信道聚合能力，则第一接收STA优先在所述第一信道上执行定向CCA，在通过物理载波侦听确定所述第一信道空闲时，通过所述第一信道反馈CTS帧，与所述第一发送STA建立在所述第一信道上的第二TXOP；在通过物理载波侦听确定所述第一信道忙时，在所述第二信道上执行定向CCA，在通过物理载波侦听确定所述第二信道空闲时，通过所述第二信道反馈CTS帧，与所述第一发送STA建立在所述第二信道上的第二TXOP。
即STA2接收到第二信道上的RTS帧后，仍然优先在第一信道上进行定向CCA。如果STA2的定向CCA的结果显示第一信道为空闲，则在第一信道上反馈CTS帧和建立TXOP2，如图7所示；否则，如果STA2的定向CCA的结果显示第一信道为忙，则返回第二信道上继续定向CCA，如果STA2的定向CCA的结果显示第二信道为空闲，则在第二信道上反馈CTS和建立TXOP2，如图8所示。
也就是说，STA2是否优先返回第一信道上进行定向CCA，对于具有信道绑定或信道聚合能力的STA1来说没有大的影响，因为STA1可以同时接收第一信道或第二信道的数据。
另外，STA1/STA2在第一信道上不能进行空间复用(spatial reuse)时，可返回第二信道进行定向CCA，继续在第二信道上接收数据。这要求RTS和CTS之间的间隔大于执行2个信道的CCA的时间长度和2次信道切换时间之和。
需要指出，如果TXOP1的后面仍然是CBAP接入期，为了使后续的所有信令(例如用于TXOP截断、释放的信令，或者竞争信道时的RTS/CTS等)保持在统一的第一信道上，TXOP2的结束时间应小于TXOP1的结束时间，即在TXOP1结束时，STA1和STA2已能够在主信道上保持接收状态。但是，如果TXOP1的后面是与次信道不重叠的其它STA的服务期SP(Service Period)，则TXOP2结束时间可以晚于TXOP1的结束时间。TXOP2结束时间的控制分类如表3所示。
表3TXOP2结束时间的控制分类
Figure PCTCN2017082386-appb-000004
在另一个实施例中，第一发送STA和第一接收STA还可以支持MIMO能力。通过面向单用户MIMO(SU-MIMO)的BF训练后，每一对发送端和接收端(例如，前述的STA1和STA2，以及STA3和STA4)可能选择并存储了多个波束组合或扇区组合(sector combination)或AWV组合，其中，每个波束组合对应一个MIMO模式，不同波束组合对应的MIMO模式的空间流的数目可能相同，也可能不同。本发明中，一个波束组合或扇区组合(sector combination)或AWV组合指代由一种MIMO天线配置导致的一种MIMO信号传播路径，因此也可称为MIMO链路。例如，第一发送STA和接收STA通过SLS和BRP阶段的BF训练，获得了多个波束组合及其编号(如波束组合1、波束组合2、…)并存储下来，每个编号即对应了一个MIMO链路。
对于第一发送STA和第一接收STA，每一个MIMO模式或MIMO链路对应一个波束组合(beam combination)或扇区组合(sector combination)或AWV组合，即不同波束组合对应的天线模式组合不同。
假设STA1/STA2构成2x2SU-MIMO，双方通过前面的BF训练已存储2个不同波束组合，波束组合1表示2个空间流的波束组合，而波束组合2表示1个空间流的波束组合。由于波束组合1和波束组合2对应的MIMO信号的传播路径不同，因此作为物理载波侦听结果的CCA也可能不同。
在本实施例中，在所述第一发送STA和所述接收STA具备多输入多输出MIMO能力时，所述第一发送STA发出的RTS帧中包含在所述发送波束方向(即第一链路对应的发送波束方向)上的第一空闲MIMO链路，所述第一空闲MIMO链路为所述第一发送STA在所述发送波束方向执行定向CCA时得到。
接收STA发出的CTS帧中包含在所述接收波束方向上的第二空闲MIMO链路，所述第二空闲MIMO链路为所述第一发送STA在所述接收天线方向执行定向CCA时得到。
所述第一接收STA与所述第一发送STA建立在所述第一信道或第二信道上的第二TXOP，包括：
所述第一接收STA与所述第一发送STA根据所述第一空闲MIMO链路和所述第二空闲MIMO链路的交集建立在所述第一信道或第二信道上的第二TXOP。
例如，如图9所示，STA1和STA2在发送RTS和CTS帧之前，分别可以针对双方存储的多个波束组合依次执行定向CCA，STA1按照自己的波束组合1和波束组合2分别执行定向CCA后，得到波束组合1和波束组合2均为空闲，因此在RTS帧内携带的空闲波束组合的信息为：波束组合1和波束组合2。类似的，STA2在反馈CTS帧之前，按照自己的波束组合1和波束组合2分别执行定向CCA后，得到波束组合2为空闲，因此在CTS帧内携带的空闲波束组合的信息为：波束组合2。STA1和STA2按照RTS/CTS帧携带的空闲波束组合信息，找到双方都空闲的最优的波束组合(波束组合2)，在波束组合2上建立TXOP2进行通信，其实质是在波束组合2对应的空闲信道上建立TXOP2进行通信。
需要说明的是，图9中RTS和CTS之间的间隔应足够执行多个MIMO链路的CCA的时长，因此RTS和CTS之间的帧间间隔应大于或等于短帧间间隔SIFS。
综上所述，实施本发明实施例，将具有如下有益效果：
第一发送STA在RTS帧包含一个或多个空闲的可用链路的链路信息，使第一接收STA能根据可用链路的链路信息相应地配置天线的接收模式，即从准全向接收模式(大角度接收范围)切换为第一发送STA所指示的可用链路对应的接收波束(小角度接收范围)，可实现将天线配置调整为指向第一发送STA的空间方向，有利于第一接收STA缩小载波侦听的空间范围，避免受其它波束方向的干扰，从而提高实现空间复用的概率，提高网络的吞吐量。RTS帧内携带多个可用链路，相比只携带一个可用链路，还能提高第一接收STA通过CS发现空闲链路的可能性，因为多个备份可用链路可以提高第一接收STA发现空闲链路和空闲信道的可能性，提高竞争信道的成功概率，从而进一步提高信道利用率。
此外，由于第一发送STA可将天线配置在空闲的次信道上进行RTS帧的发送，这就使得处于准全向接收模式的第一接收STA可通过空闲的次信道接收到第一发送STA发送的RTS帧，且接收RTS帧时不会受到第二发送STA发送数据时的干扰。第一接收STA在通过RTS帧识别出希望向其发送数据的STA为第一发送STA后，可进一步调整自己的准全向天线模式为指向第一发送STA的天线模式，通过定向CS，确定自身处于空闲的链路及 该链路对应的空闲信道，以在第一发送STA和第一接收STA均空闲的链路及该链路对应的空闲信道上建立第二传输机会TXOP，这就使得第一TXOP和第二TXOP之间既可在频率上也可在空间上同时进行复用。
上述主要从第一发送STA和第一接收STA交互的角度对本发明实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，第一发送STA和第一接收STA为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。结合本发明中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本发明实施例能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同的方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明实施例的技术方案的范围。
本发明实施例可以根据上述方法示例对第一发送STA或第一接收STA进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本发明实施例中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
在采用集成的单元的情况下，图10示出了本发明实施例提供的第一发送STA和第一接收STA的一种实施例，以及二者构成的竞争期的信道接入***10的结构示意图。如图10所示，第一发送STA100和第一接收STA200之间可存在通信连接，例如蓝牙连接，可实现二者之间的数据通信。下面展开描述。
如图10所示，第一发送STA100可包括：通信单元101和处理单元102，其中；
所述处理单元102，用于对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第一链路和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道；
所述通信单元101，用于在所述第一空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有所述第一链路的链路信息和所述第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
所述通信单元101，还用于接收所述第一接收STA反馈的CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有至少一个第二链路的链路信息和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道的带宽信息，所述第二空闲信道为所述第一接收STA对所述第二链路进行CS确定的，所述第二链路由所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
所述通信单元101，还用于在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第一接收STA发送数据，所述第三链路由所述第二链路的链路信息确定。
在一些实施例中，所述处理单元102具体用于按照链路质量由高到低的顺序，依次对所述至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS。
在一些实施例中，所述处理单元102还用于根据至少一个所述第一链路的链路质量，从至少一个所述第一链路中选取出链路质量最优的第一链路；所述通信单元101具体用于在所述链路质量最优的第一链路对应的第一空闲信道上向第一接收STA发送RTS帧。
如图10所示，第一接收STA200可包括：通信单元201和处理单元202。其中：
所述通信单元201，用于接收第一发送STA在至少一个第一空闲信道上发送的RTS帧， 所述RTS帧携带有至少一个第一链路的链路信息和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
所述处理单元202，用于对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第二链路和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道，所述第二可用链路由所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
所述通信单元201，还用于在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一发送STA反馈CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有所述第二链路的链路信息和所述第二空闲信道的带宽信息。
在一些实施例中，若所述RTS帧还携带接收地址，所述处理单元202还用于当所述RTS帧中的接收地址不同于所述第一接收STA的MAC地址时，所述第一接收STA根据RTS帧携带的所述第一链路的链路信息更新网络分配矢量NAV，所述NAV用于指示所述第一链路对应的信道是否空闲；
当所述RTS帧中的接收地址与所述第一接收STA的MAC地址相同时，若所述第一接收STA接收到所述第一发送STA以复制的物理层协议数据单元PPDU在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上发送的RTS帧，则所述处理单元202具体用于：在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上进行CS。
需要说明，图10实施例中未提及的内容以及各个功能单元的具体实现，请参考图4实施例，这里不再赘述。
参见图11，本申请实施例提供的网络设备(即第一发送STA或第一接收STA)包括：存储单元810、通信接口820及与所述存储单元810和通信接口820耦合的处理器830。所述存储单元810用于存储指令，所述处理器820用于执行所述指令，所述通信接口820用于在所述处理器830的控制下与其他设备进行通信。当所述处理器830在执行所述指令时可根据所述指令执行本申请上述实施例中的任意一种竞争期的信道接入方法。
处理器830还可称中央处理单元(CPU，Central Processing Unit)。存储单元810可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器830提供指令和数据等。存储单元810的一部分还可包括非易失性随机存取存储器。具体的应用中更换壁纸的装置的各组件例如通过总线***耦合在一起。总线***除了可包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线***840。上述本发明实施例揭示的方法可应用于处理器830中，或由处理器830实现。处理器830可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器830中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。其中，上述处理器830可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器、专用集成电路、现成可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。处理器830可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储单元810，例如处理器830 可读取存储单元810中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法实施例中的相关步骤。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory，ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，RAM)等。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种竞争期的信道接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一站点STA对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第一链路和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道；
    在所述第一空闲信道上向第二STA发送RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有所述第一链路的链路信息和所述第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
    接收所述第二STA反馈的CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有至少一个第二链路的链路信息和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道的带宽信息，所述第二空闲信道为所述第二STA对所述第二链路进行CS确定的，所述第二链路根据所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
    在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据，所述第三链路根据所述第二链路的链路信息确定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一可用链路包括单输入单输出SISO链路，一个SISO链路对应一个发送波束和/或一个接收波束，所述对至少一个可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：
    根据所述至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应的发送波束来配置天线，对所述发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一可用链路包括多输入多输出MIMO链路，一个MIMO链路对应一个波束组合，所述对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：
    根据所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合中每个发送波束来配置天线，对所述每个发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，所述第二链路为所述第二STA对至少一个所述第一链路进行CS后确定的空闲的链路，所述第三链路为至少一个所述第二链路中链路质量最优的链路。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，所述第二链路不同于所述第一链路，所述在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据之前，还包括：所述第一STA对至少一个所述第二链路进行CS，得到至少一个空闲的第四链路和每个所述第四链路对应的第四空闲信道；
    所述第三链路为至少一个所述第四链路中链路质量最优的链路。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS；
    所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个第一可用链路对应的波束进行定向空闲信道评估CCA，所述定向CCA将天线配置为所述第一可用链路对应的波束；
    所述虚拟CS为根据所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个第一可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV确定，所述NAV用于指示所述第一可用链路对应的信道是否空闲。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述链路信息包括以下中的任一项或多项：链路标识、链路对应的波束的标识、链路对应的天线的标识、链路对应的波 束组合中每个波束的标识、链路对应的波束组合中每个波束对应的天线标识。
  8. 一种竞争期的信道接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二STA接收第一STA在至少一个第一空闲信道上发送的RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有至少一个第一链路的链路信息和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
    对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第二链路和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道，所述第二可用链路根据所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
    在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一STA反馈CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有所述第二链路的链路信息和所述第二空闲信道的带宽信息。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述方法，其特征在于，若所述RTS帧还携带接收地址，所述方法还包括：
    当所述RTS帧中的接收地址与所述第二STA的MAC地址相同时，若所述第二STA在所述第一空闲信道中的至少一个信道上接收到RTS帧复制物理层协议数据单元PPDU的至少一个分量，则所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：所述第二STA在所述第一空闲信道上进行CS。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二可用链路包括所述至少一个第一链路，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：
    对所述至少一个所述第一链路中每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道进行载波侦听CS。
  11. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二可用链路包括除所述至少一个第一链路之外的可用链路，所述对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，包括：
    对所述除所述至少一个第一链路之外的可用链路所对应的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一STA反馈CTS帧，包括：
    根据至少一个所述第二链路的链路质量，从至少一个所述第二链路中选取出链路质量最优的第二链路；
    在所述链路质量最优的第二链路对应的第二空闲信道上向第一STA发送CTS帧。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS；
    所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个第二可用链路中每个第二可用链路对应的波束进行定向CCA，所述定向CCA用于将天线配置为指向所述第二可用链路对应波束的波束方向；
    所述虚拟CS为确定所述至少一个第二可用链路中每个第二可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV。
  14. 根据权利要求8-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述链路信息包括以下中的任一项或多项：链路标识、链路对应的波束的标识、链路对应的天线的标识、链路对应的波束组合中每个波束的标识、链路对应的波束组合中每个波束对应的天线标识。
  15. 一种第一站点STA，其特征在于，包括通信单元和处理单元，其中：
    所述处理单元，用于对至少一个第一可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第一链路和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道；
    所述通信单元，用于在所述第一空闲信道上向第二STA发送RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有所述第一链路的链路信息和所述第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
    所述通信单元，还用于接收所述第二STA反馈的CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有至少一个第二链路的链路信息和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道的带宽信息，所述第二空闲信道为所述第二STA对所述第二链路进行CS确定的，所述第二链路根据所述第一链路的链路信息确定；
    所述通信单元，还用于在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据，所述第三链路根据所述第二链路的链路信息确定。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的第一STA，其特征在于，所述第一可用链路包括单输入单输出SISO链路，一个SISO链路对应一个发送波束和/或一个接收波束，所述处理单元具体用于根据所述至少一个SISO链路中每个SISO链路对应的发送波束来配置天线，对所述发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的第一STA，其特征在于，所述第一可用链路包括多输入多输出MIMO链路，一个MIMO链路对应一个波束组合，所述处理单元具体用于根据所述至少一个MIMO链路对应波束组合中每个发送波束来配置天线，对所述每个发送波束的波束方向上的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
  18. 根据权利要求15-17任一项所述的第一STA，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于对至少一个所述第一链路进行CS确定出空闲的第二链路，且所述第三链路为至少一个所述第二链路中链路质量最优的链路。
  19. 根据权利要求15-17任一项所述的第一STA，其特征在于，所述第二链路不同于所述第一链路，所述通信单元用于在第三链路对应的第三空闲信道上向所述第二STA发送数据之前，
    所述处理单元，还用于所述第一STA对至少一个所述第二链路进行CS，得到至少一个空闲的第四链路和每个所述第四链路对应的第四空闲信道；所述第三链路为至少一个所述第四链路中链路质量最优的链路。
  20. 根据权利要求15-19任一项所述的第一STA，其特征在于，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS；所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个第一可用链路对应的波束进行定向空闲信道评估CCA，所述定向CCA将天线配置为所述第一可用链路对应的波束；所述虚拟CS为根据所述至少一个第一可用链路中每个第一可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV确定，所述NAV用于指示所述第一可用链路对应的信道是否空闲。
  21. 一种第二站点STA，其特征在于，包括通信单元和处理单元，其中：
    所述通信单元，用于接收第一STA在至少一个第一空闲信道上发送的RTS帧，所述RTS帧携带有至少一个第一链路的链路信息和每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道的带宽信息；
    所述处理单元，用于对至少一个第二可用链路进行载波侦听CS，得到至少一个空闲的第二链路和每个所述第二链路对应的第二空闲信道，所述第二可用链路由所述第一链路的 链路信息确定；
    所述通信单元，还用于在所述第二空闲信道上向所述第一STA反馈CTS帧，所述CTS帧携带有所述第二链路的链路信息和所述第二空闲信道的带宽信息。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的第二STA，其特征在于，若所述RTS帧还携带接收地址，
    所述处理单元，还用于当所述RTS帧中的接收地址不同于所述第二STA的MAC地址时，所述第二STA根据RTS帧携带的所述第一链路的链路信息更新网络分配矢量NAV，所述NAV用于指示所述第一链路对应的信道是否空闲；
    当所述RTS帧中的接收地址与所述第二STA的MAC地址相同时，若所述第二STA接收到所述第一STA以复制的物理层协议数据单元PPDU在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上发送的RTS帧，
    所述处理单元，具体用于在所述第一空闲信道中的多个空闲信道上进行CS。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的第二STA，其特征在于，所述第二可用链路包括所述至少一个第一链路，
    所述处理单元，具体用于对所述至少一个所述第一链路中每个所述第一链路对应的第一空闲信道进行载波侦听CS。
  24. 根据权利要求21或22所述的第二STA，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二可用链路包括除所述至少一个第一链路之外的可用链路，
    所述处理单元，具体用于对所述除所述至少一个第一链路之外的可用链路所对应的至少一个信道进行载波侦听CS。
  25. 根据权利要求21-24任一项所述的第二STA，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于根据至少一个所述第二链路的链路质量，从至少一个所述第二链路中选取出链路质量最优的第二链路；
    所述通信单元，具体用于在所述链路质量最优的第二链路对应的第二空闲信道上向第一STA发送CTS帧。
  26. 根据权利要求21-25任一项所述的第二STA，其特征在于，所述载波侦听CS包括物理CS和/或虚拟CS；所述物理CS为针对所述至少一个第二可用链路中每个第二可用链路对应的波束进行定向CCA，所述定向CCA用于将天线配置为指向所述第二可用链路对应波束的波束方向；所述虚拟CS为确定所述至少一个第二可用链路中每个第二可用链路对应的网络分配矢量NAV。
  27. 一种竞争期的信道接入***，其特征在于，包括第一站点STA和第二站点STA，其中：
    所述第一STA是权利要求15-20中任一项所述的第一STA；
    所述第二STA是权利要求21-26中任一项所述的第二STA。
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