WO2018171522A1 - 一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器及阻力施加方法 - Google Patents

一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器及阻力施加方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018171522A1
WO2018171522A1 PCT/CN2018/079297 CN2018079297W WO2018171522A1 WO 2018171522 A1 WO2018171522 A1 WO 2018171522A1 CN 2018079297 W CN2018079297 W CN 2018079297W WO 2018171522 A1 WO2018171522 A1 WO 2018171522A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chain guide
way bearing
resistance
rotating shaft
movable member
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/079297
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦瑞赞
Original Assignee
速瑞达自行车零件（佛山）有限公司
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Application filed by 速瑞达自行车零件（佛山）有限公司 filed Critical 速瑞达自行车零件（佛山）有限公司
Priority to US16/496,589 priority Critical patent/US11148754B2/en
Publication of WO2018171522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018171522A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/04—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio
    • B62M9/06—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/10—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/12—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like the chain, belt, or the like being laterally shiftable, e.g. using a rear derailleur
    • B62M9/121—Rear derailleurs
    • B62M9/124—Mechanisms for shifting laterally
    • B62M9/1248—Mechanisms for shifting laterally characterised by the use of biasing means, e.g. springs; Arrangements thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/04—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio
    • B62M9/06—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/10—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/12—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like the chain, belt, or the like being laterally shiftable, e.g. using a rear derailleur
    • B62M9/121—Rear derailleurs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bicycle shifting device, and more particularly to a rear derailleur having an additional rotational resistance function and a resistance applying method.
  • shifting is achieved by switching the chain to sprockets of different diameters.
  • the chain changes elastically when the chain is switched between sprocket wheels of different diameters, specifically when the chain is switched from the small sprocket to the large sprocket, the chain becomes tight.
  • the chain will become loose.
  • the bicycle shifting device is tensioned by a chain guide pair provided in the rear derailleur, the chain guide being connected to the rear derailleur by a rotating structure
  • the chain is bypassed from a tensioning wheel disposed on the chain guide, and a spring for generating a bias is provided between the chain guide and the shifting adjustment bracket, and the spring force of the spring causes the chain guide to be backward Rotate to tension the chain;
  • the chain guide will be rotated backward by a certain angle under the action of the spring to tension the chain. If the chain is tightened, the chain guide will overcome The spring force of the spring is rotated forward by a certain angle so that the chain is always in a proper tension during the shifting process.
  • the invention patent of the publication No. CN103373435B discloses "a bicycle transmission" which applies resistance to a chain guide (i.e., the chain guide of the present application) by providing a resistance applying member, so that the chain guides Parts cannot be easily turned forward.
  • the resistance applying element mainly comprises a one-way clutch and a friction applying member, wherein the one-way clutch is a one-way bearing, the rotating shaft of the chain guiding member is connected with the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the friction applying member is wrapped in a single An elastic friction plate outside the outer ring of the bearing is used to apply a resistance to the outer ring of the bearing to prevent the rotation thereof, wherein the direction of rotation of the one-way bearing corresponds to the direction in which the chain guide rotates backward, so that when the speed is adjusted When the chain becomes loose in the process, the chain guide can freely rotate the tension chain backwards under the action of the spring, and when the chain is tightened during the speed regulation, the rider manipulates the transmission to produce a forward direction to the chain guide.
  • the one-way clutch is a one-way bearing
  • the rotating shaft of the chain guiding member is connected with the inner ring of the one-way bearing
  • the friction applying member is wrapped in a single
  • the moment is greater than a frictional resistance moment applied by the friction applying member to the outer ring of the bearing, so that the chain guide can still rotate forward to bring the chain into a proper tension state, and the frictional resistance moment applied by the friction applying member to the outer ring of the bearing can It resists the forward rotation torque generated by the bicycle on the chain guide when it is bumped, thereby solving the problem that the chain is easy to fall off during the bumping process.
  • the above patent solution still has the following drawbacks: it is necessary to provide a friction applying member and a resistance control member that controls the friction applying member to generate resistance, which makes the structure complicated and increases the manufacturing cost.
  • the present invention aims to provide a rear derailleur having an additional rotational resistance function, which not only can effectively prevent the chain from falling off during the bumping process, but also has a simple structure, low cost, and is more convenient to promote. application.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a resistance applying method for applying resistance to a chain guide in a rear derailleur.
  • a rear derailleur having an additional rotational resistance function comprising a base member, a link assembly, a movable member and a chain guide, wherein the base member is mounted on the frame, and the link assembly is movably coupled to the base Between the seat member and the movable member, the chain guide is coupled to the movable member by a resistance rotating structure;
  • the resistance rotating structure includes a rotating shaft, a one-way bearing, and a resistance applying spring, wherein the rotating shaft is disposed on the movable member Or a chain guide, a one-way bearing that cooperates with the rotating shaft is correspondingly disposed on the chain guide or the movable member;
  • the rotating shaft is interference-fitted with the inner hole of the one-way bearing, wherein the one-way bearing is freely rotated
  • the direction corresponds to the direction when the chain guide rotates backward; the interference between the rotating shaft and the inner hole of the one-way bearing is x, and the rotational resistance torque corresponding to the interference amount x is M(x);
  • the rotating shaft is disposed on the movable member, and the one-way bearing is disposed on the chain guide.
  • the chain guide comprises a first chain guide plate, a second chain guide plate, a guide wheel, a tensioning wheel and a one-way bearing seat, wherein the guide wheel and the tensioning wheel respectively pass the bolt Fixed between the first chain guide plate and the second chain guide plate, the one-way bearing seat is fixed to the first chain guide plate by bolts; the one-way bearing is disposed in the one-way bearing seat.
  • the one-way bearing comprises a needle roller, a support frame and a casing, wherein the casing is polygonal, and the one-way bearing seat is provided with a polygon matching the polygonal casing of the one-way bearing a groove, the one-way bearing being embedded in the polygonal groove.
  • the polygonal groove is provided with sealing rings on both sides of the one-way bearing.
  • the movable member includes a housing, and the rotating shaft is mounted in a mounting groove of the housing through a mounting portion of the end thereof and is locked by a bolt.
  • the resistance applying spring is a torsion spring
  • the first end of the resistance applying spring is inserted into the inner groove of the housing of the movable member
  • the second end is inserted into the slot of the one-way bearing seat.
  • the resistance applying spring generates a biasing force that causes the chain guide to rotate backward.
  • the base member is mounted to a tail groove of the frame
  • the link assembly is coupled between the base member and the movable member by a pin
  • the link assembly includes the first link a member and a second link member
  • the base member, the first link member, the second link member and the moving member form a parallelogram structure
  • the return member is connected to the return spring, and the return spring
  • the moving member is laterally outwardly biased relative to the plurality of rear sprockets such that the parallelogram structure always has a tendency to be in a minimum retracted position.
  • a method of applying resistance to a resistance of a chain guide in a rear derailleur comprising the steps of:
  • the resistance rotating structure comprising a rotating shaft, a one-way bearing and a resistance applying spring, wherein the rotating shaft is disposed on the movable member,
  • the one-way bearing is disposed on the chain guide; or the rotating shaft is disposed on the chain guide, and the one-way bearing is disposed on the movable member;
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention utilizes the one-way bearing to be unidirectionally rotating, so that the chain guide can be rotated backwards freely; at the same time, the one-way bearing is used in the other direction to resist the resistance of the chain guide to resist the forward direction of the chain guide.
  • the rotational torque by reasonably setting the interference x between the rotating shaft and the inner bore of the one-way bearing, causes the one-way bearing to generate a rotational resistance moment M(x) to the rotating shaft in a non-free rotational direction, and this rotational resistance moment M (x) is related to the interference x, the larger the interference x, the larger the rotational resistance moment M(x), and vice versa, so the magnitude of the rotational resistance moment M(x) can be designed by specifying the specific interference
  • the mode of x is set; and the steering torque M1 generated by the chain guide during the shifting operation is also determinable.
  • the steering torque M1 causes the chain guide to rotate forward, and at the same time, the maximum torque that the chain guide can resist when the bicycle is bumped For M2, it is an expected value, which can be set according to the actual situation. Therefore, by letting M(x) be greater than M2 and less than M1, it can achieve the torque that does not affect the normal shifting operation and resists the bump. Purpose.
  • the interference between the rotating shaft and the inner hole of the one-way bearing is set from the point of being able to effectively prevent the relative rotation of the two, and it is not thought that the interference is appropriately reduced so that it has the resistance characteristic. It is the core of the technical idea of the present invention to have the characteristics of rotation, and to break the ideological inertia in combination with specific needs, and to apply the opposite direction to the one-way bearing.
  • the invention can realize the functions of the prior art that the one-way bearing, the friction applying member and the resistance control component are needed only by using the one-way bearing, thereby greatly simplifying the structure, reducing the production cost, and being more favorable for popularization and application.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a bicycle provided with a transmission.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the rear derailleur of the present invention mounted on the frame;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the rear derailleur of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the chain guide of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the one-way bearing of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the assembly of the chain guide and the resistance applying spring of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of a resistance applying spring in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the movable member of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the structure of the movable member and the chain guide of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line H-H of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line K-K of Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the one-way bearing of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a side view of the rotating shaft of the present invention.
  • a variable speed bicycle 50 that includes a frame 30 in which a front wheel 31 and a rear wheel 32 are rotatably coupled to the frame 30 in a conventional manner.
  • the front derailleur 33 is mounted on the seat tube 30a of the frame 30, and the rear derailleur 34 is mounted on the rear of the frame 30.
  • the front derailleur 33 converts the chain C between the plurality of front sprockets FS
  • the rear derailleur 34 converts the chain C between the plurality of rear sprockets RS.
  • Conventional shift switching control devices 35 and 36 are mounted on the handlebar 37 for controlling the front derailleur 33 and the rear derailleur 34 by conventional guide members 38 and 39, respectively.
  • the present invention is an improvement to the rear derailleur 34 of the bicycle 50, and only the rear derailleur 34 will be discussed in detail below.
  • FIG. 2 is a front external view of the rear derailleur 34 of the present invention mounted on a bicycle
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the rear derailleur 34.
  • the rear derailleur 34 is fixed by the base thereof.
  • the bolt 2 is rotatably mounted on the rear tail groove of the bicycle frame 30.
  • the wire guide member 39 is attached to the base member 1 of the rear derailleur 34, and the core 39a of the wire guide member 39 passes through the shift driving arm 3, and is locked and fixed by the wire pressing block 5 by the bolt 4.
  • the rear sprocket RS of the bicycle is coupled to the bicycle frame 30 via a connecting shaft.
  • the rear derailleur 34 of the present invention includes a base member 1, a link assembly 6, a movable member 7, and a chain guide 8.
  • the base member 1 is mounted to the tail groove of the frame, and the link assembly 6 is coupled between the base member 1 and the movable member 7 via a pin 11, the link assembly 6 including the first link member 9 and the second link
  • the member 10 the chain guide 8 is rotatably coupled to the movable member 7 by a resistance rotating structure, such that the base member 1, the first link member 9, the second link member 10 and the moving member 7 constitute a parallelogram structure,
  • the chain guide 8 is movable to a plurality of changing positions corresponding to the number of the rear sprocket RS, and the movable member 7 is connected to the return spring 12, and the return spring 12 laterally faces the movable member 6 with respect to the plurality of rear sprocket RS
  • the external biasing causes the parallelogram structure to always have a tendency to be in a minimum contraction position.
  • the chain guide 8 includes a first chain guide plate 13, a second chain guide plate 14, a guide wheel 15, a tension pulley 16, and a one-way bearing housing 17.
  • the guide wheel 15 and the tensioning pulley 16 are fixed between the first chain guide plate 13 and the second chain guide plate 14 by bolts 18 and 19, respectively, and the one-way bearing block 17 is fixed to the first chain guide plate 13 by bolts 20 and 21. on.
  • Figure 5 shows a one-way bearing 22 used in an example of the rear derailleur 34 of the present invention, which has a non-circular polygonal shape.
  • Figure 6 shows a side view of the chain guide 8 with the movable member 7 removed, and Figures 6 and 7 show a resistance applying spring 23 that applies a rearward rotational moment to the chain guide 8, this resistance applying spring 23
  • the resistance applying spring 23 is assembled to generate a rearward (clockwise) biasing force to the chain guide 8
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the movable member 7, including the movable member housing 24 and the rotation. Axis 25.
  • the resistance applying spring 23 generates a biasing force in the clockwise direction of the chain guide 8;
  • the one-way bearing 22 (the polygonal needle bearing in this embodiment) is mounted on the single In the polygonal groove 17a of the bearing housing 17, and firmly fixed;
  • the chain guide 8 is rotatably coupled to the rotating shaft 25 of the movable member 8 through the inner hole 22a of the one-way bearing 22, and is mounted on the rotating shaft 25
  • the retaining spring 28 in the rotating shaft groove 25c prevents the chain guide from coming loose, and the sealing rings 27 and 29 respectively seal the two ends of the one-way bearing 22 to prevent dust and other dirty objects from being applied to the one-way bearing. 22 invasion and destruction.
  • the resistance applying spring 23 applies a clockwise rotational resistance thereto.
  • the rotating shaft, the one-way bearing, and the resistance applying spring constitute a resistance rotating structure.
  • the rotating shaft 25 is in an interference fit with the inner bore 22a of the one-way bearing.
  • the one-way bearing 22 has been utilized in many aspects of the industry, the principle of which is also well known, that is, the one-way bearing 22 cooperates with its corresponding rotating shaft 25, when the rotating shaft 25 or one-way When the bearing 22 rotates, one direction is smoothly rotated without resistance, and the other direction is subject to resistance and cannot be rotated.
  • the one-way bearing 22 includes a needle roller 22c, a support frame 22b, and a casing 22d.
  • the needle roller 22c in the one-way bearing 22 is squeezed into the bearing housing 22d by the needle roller when the one-way bearing rotates clockwise.
  • the wide raceway 22d1 at this time, the rotating shaft and the needle 22c are clearance fit, so the rotating shaft is not subjected to the pressing force of the needle 22c, and naturally does not receive the resistance.
  • the needle roller 22c It will be squeezed onto the narrow raceway 22d2.
  • the needle roller 22c and the rotary shaft 25 are in an interference fit, and the rotation generates friction and naturally receives resistance.
  • the steering torque M1 causes the chain guide 8 to rotate forward, and at the same time, the maximum torque that the chain guide 8 can resist when the bicycle is bumped is M2 is an expected value. , can be set according to the actual situation, therefore, by let M (x) be greater than M2 and less than M1, it can achieve the purpose of not affecting the normal shifting operation and resisting the moment when bumping. Since the one-way bearing 22 is usually a standard member, the magnitude of the adjustment of the rotational resistance torque M(x) can be achieved only by controlling the size of the rotating shaft during machining.
  • the rotational resistance torque M(x) is 12 Nm, which can be changed by reducing the diameter of the rotating shaft that fits the one-way bearing.
  • the magnitude of the rotational resistance moment M(x) is between 7.92 mm and 7.93 mm, the rotational resistance moment M(x) is 1.5 Nm to 3.5 Nm.
  • Fig. 13 is a side view of the rotary shaft 25, and the connecting portion 25b of the rotary shaft 25 is a portion that engages with the one-way bearing 22, and is also a portion that generates frictional resistance.
  • a resistance applying method for applying resistance to a chain guide in a rear derailleur 34 of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • a resistance rotating structure is provided between the movable member 7 of the rear derailleur 34 and the chain guide 8, the resistance rotating structure including a rotating shaft 25, a one-way bearing 22, and a resistance applying spring 23, wherein the rotating shaft is disposed On the movable member, the one-way bearing is disposed on the chain guide; or the rotating shaft is disposed on the chain guide, and the one-way bearing is disposed on the movable member;
  • the interference amount between the rotating shaft and the inner hole of the one-way bearing 22 is set to x, and the one-way bearing 22 generates a rotational resistance moment M corresponding to the interference amount x with respect to the rotating shaft 25 in the non-free rotation direction.
  • the steering torque generated by the chain guide during the shifting operation is M1
  • the maximum set torque that the chain guide 8 can resist when the bicycle is bumped is M2, M2 ⁇ M(x) ⁇ M1.

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Abstract

一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器及阻力施加方法，所述后拨链器（34）包括基座构件（1）、连杆组件（6）、可移动构件（7）和链条导向件（8），其中，基座构件（1）安装在车架（30）上，连杆组件（6）可活动地连接在基座构件（1）和可移动构件（7）之间，链条导向件（8）通过阻力转动结构与可移动件（7）连接，所述阻力转动结构包括旋转轴（25）、单向轴承（22）以及阻力施加弹簧（23），其中，所述旋转轴（25）设在可移动件（7）或链条导向件（8）上，与旋转轴（25）配合的单向轴承（22）相应的设置在链条导向件（8）或可移动件（7）上；所述旋转轴（25）与单向轴承（22）的内孔过盈配合。该后拨链器不但能够有效防止链条在颠簸过程中脱落，而且结构简单，成本低，更便于推广应用。

Description

一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器及阻力施加方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自行车变速装置，具体为一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器及阻力施加方法。
背景技术
在自行车变速装置中，通过将链条切换至不同直径的链轮上实现变速。在变速调节过程中，由于链条的长度固定，因此链条在不同直径的链轮之间切换时链条呈现松紧的变化，具体是当从小链轮切换至大链轮时，链条会变紧，而当从大链轮切换至小链轮时，链条会变松。为了确保链条在变速过程中始终处于合适的张紧状态，自行车变速装置中通过设置在后拨链器中的链引导件对进行张紧，所述链条导向件通过转动结构连接在后拨链器的可移动件上，链条从设置在链条导向件上的张紧轮上绕过，链条导向件与变速调节支架之间设有用于产生偏压的弹簧，该弹簧的弹力促使链条导向件向后转动将链条张紧；链条在不同链轮之间切换时，如果链条变松，链条导向件在弹簧的作用下向后转动一定角度将链条张紧，如果链条变紧，链条导向件则会克服弹簧的弹力向前转动一定角度，使得在变速过程中链条始终处于合适的张紧状态。
然而，自行车在骑行过程中，由于道路的崎岖会造成引起颠簸和振动，颠簸和振动过程中的惯性会促使链条导向件克服弹黄的弹力向前转动，该过程中链条发生松弛，从而容易造成链条脱落，影响骑行的安生。为了解决该问题，授权公告号为CN103373435B的发明专利公开了“一种自行车变速器”，该自行车变速器通过设置阻力施加元件对链引导件(即本申请所述链条导向件)施加阻力，使得链引导件不能轻易向前转动。所述阻力施加元件主要包括单向离 合器和摩擦施加构件，其中，单向离合器为一个单向轴承，链引导件的转轴与单向轴承的内圈连接，所述摩擦施加构件为一个包裹在单向轴承外圈外的弹性摩擦片，用于对轴承外圈施加阻止其转动的阻力，其中，单向轴承的可转动方向对应于链引导件向后转动时的方向，这样，当在调速过程中链条变松时，链引导件可以在弹簧的作用下自由向后转动张紧链条，而当在调速过程中链条变紧时，骑行者操控变速器时对链引导件产生的向前的力矩大于所述摩擦施加构件对轴承外圈施加的摩擦阻力力矩，使得链引导件依然能够向前转动使链条处于合适的张紧状态，而摩擦施加构件对轴承外圈施加的摩擦阻力力矩则能够抵挡自行车在颠簸时对链引导件产生的向前转动的力矩，从而解决链条在颠簸过程中容易脱落的问题。然而上述专利方案仍然存在以下的不足：需要设置摩擦施加构件以及控制摩擦施加构件产生阻力的阻力控制元件，使得结构复杂，增加制造成本。
发明内容
针对上述存在的问题，本发明旨在提供一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，该后拨链器不但能够有效防止链条在颠簸过程中脱落，而且结构简单，成本低，更便于推广应用。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种对后拨链器中的链条导向件施加阻力的阻力施加方法。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现：
一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，包括基座构件、连杆组件、可移动构件和链条导向件，其中，基座构件安装在车架上，连杆组件可活动地连接在基座构件和可移动构件之间，链条导向件通过阻力转动结构与可移动件连接；所述阻力转动结构包括旋转轴、单向轴承以及阻力施加弹簧，其中，所述旋转轴设在可移动件或链条导向件上，与旋转轴配合的单向轴承相应的设置在链条 导向件或可移动件上；所述旋转轴与单向轴承的内孔过盈配合，其中，单向轴承的自由转动方向对应于链条导向件向后转动时的方向；所述旋转轴与单向轴承的内孔之间的过盈量为x，与该过盈量x对应的旋转阻力力矩为M(x)；在进行变速操控时对链条导向件产生的操控力矩为M1，自行车颠簸时链条导向件能抵抗的最大设定力矩为M2，M2＜M(x)＜M1。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述旋转轴设在可移动件上，所述单向轴承设置在链条导向件上。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述链条导向件包括第一链条导向板、第二链条导向板、导向轮、张紧轮以及单向轴承座，其中，导向轮和张紧轮分别通过螺栓固定在第一链条导向板和第二链条导向板之间，所述单向轴承座通过螺栓固定在第一链条导向板上；所述单向轴承设置在单向轴承座内。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述单向轴承包括滚针、支持架以及外壳，其中，所述外壳为多边形，所述单向轴承座中设有与单向轴承的多边形外壳匹配的多边形槽，所述单向轴承嵌入在所述多边形槽中。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述多边形槽中在单向轴承的两侧设有密封圈。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述可移动构件包括壳体，所述旋转轴通过其端部的安装部安装在壳体的安装槽内，并通过螺栓锁紧。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述阻力施加弹簧为扭簧，该阻力施加弹簧的第一端插进可移动构件的壳体的内槽中，第二端插进单向轴承座的槽中，该阻力施加弹簧产生促使链条导向件向后转动的偏压力。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述基座构件安装到车架尾沟上，所述连杆组件通过销轴联接在基座构件和可移动构件之间，连杆组件包括第一连杆构 件和第二连杆构件；所述基座构件、第一连杆构件、第二连杆构件和移动构件组成一个平行四边形结构；所述可移动构件上连接有复位弹簧，该复位弹簧将可移动构件相对于多个后链轮横向向外偏压，使平行四边形结构体始终具有处于最小收缩位置趋势。
一种对后拨链器中的链条导向件施加阻力的阻力施加方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在后拨链器的可移动件与链条导向件之间设置阻力转动结构，该阻力转动结构包括旋转轴、单向轴承和阻力施加弹簧，其中，旋转轴设置在可移动件上、单向轴承设置在链条导向件；或者旋转轴设置在链条导向件上、单向轴承设置在可移动件上；
(2)让阻力施加弹簧对链条导向件施加的弹力使链条导向件始终具有向后转动的趋势；所述旋转轴与单向轴承的内孔采用过盈配合，单向轴承的自由转动方向对应于链条导向件向后转动时的方向；
(3)将转轴与单向轴承的内孔之间的过盈量设置为x，单向轴承在非自由转动方向上对旋转轴产生与该过盈量x对应的旋转阻力力矩M(x)；在进行变速操控时对链条导向件产生的操控力矩为M1，自行车颠簸时链条导向件能抵抗的最大设定力矩为M2，M2＜M(x)＜M1。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的有益效果：
1、本发明利用单向轴承可单向转动的特性，使链导向件可以自由向后转动；同时巧妙地利用单向轴承另一个方向转动受阻的特性来抵抗链导向件在颠簸时向前的转动力矩，通过合理设置旋转轴与单向轴承内孔之间的过盈量x，使得单向轴承在非自由转动方向上对旋转轴产生一个旋转阻力力矩M(x)，这个旋转阻力力矩M(x)与过盈量x相关，过盈量x越大，旋转阻力力矩M(x)也越大，反之亦然，因此旋转阻力力矩M(x)的大小可以通过设计特定的过盈量x 的方式设置；而在进行变速操控时对链条导向件产生的操控力矩M1也是可以确定的，该操控力矩M1促使链条导向件向前转动，同时，自行车颠簸时链条导向件能抵抗的最大力矩为M2是一个期望值，是可以根据实际情况设定的，因此，通过让M(x)大于M2且小于M1，就可以达到既不影响正常的变速操作又能抵抗颠簸时的力矩的目的。在传统思维中，设置旋转轴与单向轴承内孔之间的过盈量都是从能够有效阻止两者相对转动的角度出发，而没有想到适当减小过盈量使之既具备阻力特性有具有转动特性，结合具体的需要而打破这一思维惯势对单向轴承进行“反其道而行”的应用是本发明的技术构思的核心。
2、本发明仅仅采用单向轴承即可实现现有技术中需要采用单向轴承、摩擦施加构件以及阻力控制元件的功能，从而大大简化了结构，降低了生产成本，更有利于推广应用。
3、由于单向轴承通常为标准件，因此调节旋转阻力力矩M(x)的大小只需通过在加工时控制旋转轴的尺寸即可实现，无需像现有技术那样需要采用复杂的阻力控制元件来控制。
附图说明
图1为设有有变速器的自行车的侧视图。
图2为本发明的后拔链器的安装在车架上的正面外视图；
图3为本发明的后拔链器的侧视图；
图4为本发明中链条导向件的侧视图；
图5为本发明中单向轴承的侧视图；
图6为本发明中链条导向件和阻力施加弹簧装配的侧视图；
图7为本发明中阻力施加弹簧的立体结构示意图；
图8为本发明中可移动构件的侧视图；
图9为本发明中可移动构件和链条导件的立体结构示意图；
图10为图9中沿着H-H线的剖视图；
图11为沿着图9的K-K线的剖视图；
图12为本发明的单向轴承的剖视图；
图13为本发明的旋转轴的侧视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进行进一步解释，但本实施例不应看作是对本发明的限定。
图1是一种变速自行车50，该自行车包括车架30，其中前轮31和后轮32以传统方式可旋转地联接至车架30。前拔链器33安装在车架30的座管30a上，后拔链器34安装在车架30的后部。前拔链器33将链条C在多个前链轮FS之间转换，而后拔链器34将链条C在多个后链轮RS之间转换。传统的变速切换控制装置35和36安装在车把37上，用于分别通过传统的导绳构件38和39来控制前拔链器33和后拔链器34。本发明是对自行车50的后拔链器34的改进，下面仅对后拔链器34进行详细的讨论。
参见图2和图3，图2是本发明的后拔链器34安装在自行车上的正面外视图，图3为后拔链器34的立体结构示意图，后拔链器34通过其基座固定螺栓2可旋转地安装在自行车车架30的后尾沟上。导绳构件39安装在后拔链器34基座构件1上，导绳构件39的线芯39a穿过变速驱动臂3，被导线压块5通过螺栓4而锁紧固定。自行车的后链轮RS通过连接轴连接在自行车车架30上。
如图3所示，本发明的后拔链器34包括：基座构件1、连杆组件6、可移动构件7和链条导向件8。基座构件1安装到车架尾沟上，连杆组件6通过销轴11联接在基座构件1和可移动构件7之间，连杆组件6包括第一连杆构件9和 第二连杆构件10，链条导向件8通过阻力转动结构可旋转地与可移动构件7联接，这样基座构件1、第一连杆构件9、第二连杆构件10和移动构件7组成一个平行四边形结构，使得链条导向件8可移动到与后链轮RS数量对应的多个变换位置，可移动构件7上连接有复位弹簧12，复位弹簧12将可移动构件6相对于多个后链轮RS横向向外偏压，使平行四边形结构体始终具有处于最小收缩位置趋势。
如图4所示，链条导向件8包括第一链条导向板13、第二链条导向板14、导向轮15、张紧轮16和单向轴承座17。导向轮15和张紧轮16分别通过螺栓18和19固定在第一链条导向板13和第二链条导向板14之间，单向轴承座17通过螺栓20和21固定在第一链条导向板13上。
图5显示的是本发明的后拔链器34的一种实例所使用的单向轴承22，此单向轴承22外形为非圆的多边形。图6显示的是移开可移动构件7后链条导向件8的侧视图，图6和图7上显示的是对链条导向件8施加向后转动力矩的阻力施加弹簧23，此阻力施加弹簧23为扭簧，此阻力施加弹簧23装配后对链条导向件8预先产生向后(顺时针)的偏压力，图8显示的是可移动构件7的侧视图，包括可移动构件壳体24和旋转轴25。
由图9和图10可看到，这是本发明的后拔链器34的各个构件装配后的正确位置图，可移动构件7的旋转轴25由安装部25a安装在壳体24的安装槽24b内，并通过螺栓26锁紧固定；阻力施加弹簧23的第一端23a插进可移动构件7的壳体24的内槽24a中，第二端23b插进轴承座17b的定位槽17b中(参见图4、图6和图7)，并使阻力施加弹簧23产生对链条导向件8的顺时方向的偏压力；单向轴承22(本实施例为多边形的滚针轴承)安装在单向轴承座17的多边形槽17a中，并牢固固定；链条导向件8可旋转地通过单向轴承22的内孔22a 与可移动构件8的旋转轴25相联，并由安装在旋转轴25的旋转轴槽25c(参见图13)中的卡簧片28，防止链条导向件松脱，密封圈27和29分别对单向轴承22的两端进行密封，防止灰尘等脏的物体对单向轴承22侵袭和破坏。当链条导向件8产生逆时针方向旋转时，阻力施加弹簧23就会对其施加顺时针的旋转阻力。
参见图8和图10，所述旋转轴、单向轴承以及阻力施加弹簧构成了阻力转动结构。所述旋转轴25与单向轴承的内孔22a为过盈配合。
如图11和图12所示，单向轴承22在工业中的许多方面都已得到运用，其原理也是众所周知的，即单向轴承22与其对应的旋转轴25配合，当旋转轴25或单向轴承22旋转时，一个方向不受阻力而顺利旋转，另一个方向会受到阻力不能旋转。如图12所示，单向轴承22包括滚针22c、支持架22b和外壳22d，由于单向轴承22内的滚针22c在单向轴承顺时针旋转时会挤到轴承外壳22d的比滚针宽的滚道22d1处，此时旋转轴和滚针22c是间隙配合，所以旋转轴不会受到滚针22c的挤压力，自然不受到阻力，当单向轴承逆时针旋转时，滚针22c会挤压到窄的滚道22d2上，此时滚针22c和旋转轴25是过盈配合，旋转会产生摩擦力，自然就会受到阻力。
参见图11和图12，通过合理设置旋转轴25与单向轴承22内孔之间的过盈量x(是指当滚针22c位于滚道22d2上时，旋转轴25的外径与滚针22c构成的孔径之间的差值)，使得单向轴承,2在非自由转动方向上对旋转轴25产生一个旋转阻力力矩M(x)，这个旋转阻力力矩M(x)与过盈量x相关，过盈量x越大，旋转阻力力矩M(x)也越大，反之亦然，因此旋转阻力力矩M(x)的大小可以通过设计特定的过盈量x的方式设置；而在进行变速操控时对链条导向件8产生的操控力矩M1也是可以确定的，该操控力矩M1促使链条导向件8 向前转动，同时，自行车颠簸时链条导向件8能抵抗的最大力矩为M2是一个期望值，是可以根据实际情况设定的，因此，通过让M(x)大于M2且小于M1，就可以达到既不影响正常的变速操作又能抵抗颠簸时的力矩的目的。由于单向轴承22通常为标准件，因此调节旋转阻力力矩M(x)的大小只需通过在加工时控制旋转轴的尺寸即可实现。例如，对于A款单向轴承，当与之配合的旋转轴25的直径为8.0mm时，旋转阻力力矩M(x)是12Nm，通过减小与单向轴承配合的旋转轴直径大小就可以改变旋转阻力力矩M(x)的大小，如当旋转轴的大小在7.92mm～7.93mm之间时，则旋转阻力力矩M(x)则是1.5Nm～3.5Nm。
图13为旋转轴25的侧视图，旋转轴25的连接段25b是与单向轴承22配合的部位，也是产生摩擦阻力的部位。
参见图1-图13，本发明的对后拨链器34中的链条导向件施加阻力的阻力施加方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在后拨链器34的可移动件7与链条导向件8之间设置阻力转动结构，该阻力转动结构包括旋转轴25、单向轴承22和阻力施加弹簧23，其中，旋转轴设置在可移动件上、单向轴承设置在链条导向件；或者旋转轴设置在链条导向件上、单向轴承设置在可移动件上；
(2)让阻力施加弹簧23对链条导向件8施加的弹力使链条导向件8始终具有向后转动的趋势；所述旋转轴与单向轴承22的内孔采用过盈配合，单向轴承的自由转动方向对应于链条导向件向后转动时的方向；
(3)将转轴与单向轴承22的内孔之间的过盈量设置为x，单向轴承22在非自由转动方向上对旋转轴25产生与该过盈量x对应的旋转阻力力矩M(x)；在进行变速操控时对链条导向件产生的操控力矩为M1，自行车颠簸时链条导向件8能抵抗的最大设定力矩为M2，M2＜M(x)＜M1。
上述为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述内容的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，包括基座构件、连杆组件、可移动构件和链条导向件，其中，基座构件安装在车架上，连杆组件可活动地连接在基座构件和可移动构件之间，链条导向件通过阻力转动结构与可移动件连接，其特征在于，所述阻力转动结构包括旋转轴、单向轴承以及阻力施加弹簧，其中，所述旋转轴设在可移动件或链条导向件上，与旋转轴配合的单向轴承相应的设置在链条导向件或可移动件上；所述旋转轴与单向轴承的内孔过盈配合，其中，单向轴承的自由转动方向对应于链条导向件向后转动时的方向；所述旋转轴与单向轴承的内孔之间的过盈量为x，与该过盈量x对应的旋转阻力力矩为M(x)；在进行变速操控时对链条导向件产生的操控力矩为M1，自行车颠簸时链条导向件能抵抗的最大设定力矩为M2，M2＜M(x)＜M1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述旋转轴设在可移动件上，所述单向轴承设置在链条导向件上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述链条导向件包括第一链条导向板、第二链条导向板、导向轮、张紧轮以及单向轴承座，其中，导向轮和张紧轮分别通过螺栓固定在第一链条导向板和第二链条导向板之间，所述单向轴承座通过螺栓固定在第一链条导向板上；所述单向轴承设置在单向轴承座内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述单向轴承包括滚针、支持架以及外壳，其中，所述外壳为多边形，所述单向轴承座中设有与单向轴承的多边形外壳匹配的多边形槽，所述单向轴承嵌入在所述多边形槽中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述多边形槽中在单向轴承的两侧设有密封圈。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一项所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述可移动构件包括壳体，所述旋转轴通过其端部的安装部安装在壳体的安装槽内，并通过螺栓锁紧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述阻力施加弹簧为扭簧，该阻力施加弹簧的第一端插进可移动构件的壳体的内槽中，第二端插进单向轴承座的定位槽中，该阻力施加弹簧产生促使链条导向件向后转动的偏压力。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的具有附加旋转阻力功能的后拨链器，其特征在于，所述基座构件安装到车架尾沟上，所述连杆组件通过销轴联接在基座构件和可移动构件之间，连杆组件包括第一连杆构件和第二连杆构件；所述基座构件、第一连杆构件、第二连杆构件和移动构件组成一个平行四边形结构；所述可移动构件上连接有复位弹簧，该复位弹簧将可移动构件相对于多个后链轮横向向外偏压，使平行四边形结构体始终具有处于最小收缩位置趋势。
  9. 一种对后拨链器中的链条导向件施加阻力的阻力施加方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)在后拨链器的可移动件与链条导向件之间设置阻力转动结构，该阻力转动结构包括旋转轴、单向轴承和阻力施加弹簧，其中，旋转轴设置在可移动件上、单向轴承设置在链条导向件；或者旋转轴设置在链条导向件上、单向轴承设置在可移动件上；
    (2)让阻力施加弹簧对链条导向件施加的弹力使链条导向件始终具有向后转动的趋势；所述旋转轴与单向轴承的内孔采用过盈配合，单向轴承的自由转动方向对应于链条导向件向后转动时的方向；
    (3)将转轴与单向轴承的内孔之间的过盈量设置为x，单向轴承在非自由转动方向上对旋转轴产生与该过盈量x对应的旋转阻力力矩M(x)；在进行变速操控时对链条导向件产生的操控力矩为M1，自行车颠簸时链条导向件能抵抗的最大设定力矩为M2，M2＜M(x)＜M1。
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