WO2018171440A1 - 一种单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮 - Google Patents

一种单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018171440A1
WO2018171440A1 PCT/CN2018/078500 CN2018078500W WO2018171440A1 WO 2018171440 A1 WO2018171440 A1 WO 2018171440A1 CN 2018078500 W CN2018078500 W CN 2018078500W WO 2018171440 A1 WO2018171440 A1 WO 2018171440A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bass
woofer
diaphragm
low
subwoofer
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PCT/CN2018/078500
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑晗
郑全录
宋军辉
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深圳纽斯声学***有限公司
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Publication of WO2018171440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018171440A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a car audio system speaker, and more particularly to a single cavity sandwich car subwoofer.
  • One-piece car subwoofer that is, the woofer is set on the low-speaker body, and the bass volume of the low-speaker body is 20 to 30 liters to generate the bass.
  • the car body subwoofer that is, the woofer is installed on a box of a certain space formed by the car body, and uses the body to form 20 to 30 liters to make the low speaker body.
  • the trunk bag car subwoofer, the subwoofer is placed on the rear window platform separated from the trunk luggage compartment in the compartment, and the volume of the reserve luggage compartment is about 500 liters as the subwoofer box.
  • the cabin door low speaker, the woofer is installed in the compartment door, and the low-speaker body is made by using the interlayer space formed by the outer wall and the inner wall of the compartment door.
  • the present invention In order to solve the above problems of the existing automobile subwoofer, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new single-chamber sandwich type automobile subwoofer having a physical acoustic structure.
  • the automobile subwoofer of the present invention can be suitably applied to various automobiles.
  • the invention comprises a low speaker body and a woofer and a woofer set respectively mounted in the low horn body, wherein the woofer is at least one mounted on a wall of the low horn body, and the woofer set is At least one set of two bass radiator units, the two bass radiator units are correspondingly disposed in front and rear, respectively mounted on the wall of the low cabinet body, the mounting plane of the two bass radiator units and the woofer
  • the mounting plane is coplanar, parallel, vertical or inclined;
  • the single cavity sandwich type car subwoofer is provided with an air gap forming an air acoustic air cushion, and the bass sound wave propagates from the air gap to the listening space;
  • the outer side of the diaphragm of the woofer and the bass radiator group The outer side of the diaphragm of each of the bass radiator units is respectively provided with a diaphragm cover connected to the low speaker body, the diaphragm cover and the diaphragm of the woofer and each of the bass radiator units
  • An air gap is formed between the diaphragms;
  • the outer side of the single-chamber sandwich-type car subwoofer is provided with a bass outer casing cover, and the diaphragm cover and the low-profile body are accommodated in the outer casing of the bass enclosure a bass outlet that transmits a bass sound wave to the listening space is disposed on the bass outer casing cover;
  • the diaphragm cover completely covers the diaphragm of the woofer and the diaphragm
  • the outer side of the low-speaker body is provided with a bass outer casing cover, and the bass outer casing cover is mounted on the low-speaker body, and an air gap forming an air acoustic air cushion is left between the low-speaker body, and the bass sound wave is The air gap propagates to the listening space;
  • the woofer is composed of the same woofer unit symmetrically arranged, and all the woofer units are mounted on the same box wall of the low-speaker body, and all of them are connected in an electro-acoustic phase;
  • All of the bass radiator units in each of the bass radiator groups are identical, and the walls of the low speaker bodies in which all of the bass radiator units are mounted are parallel or coplanar, and two bass radiator units in each group of bass radiators Symmetrically mounted on the two box walls of the parallel speaker bodies;
  • the highest point of the vibrating component of the woofer unit of the woofer is on the same plane as the highest point of the vibrating component of the woofer unit of the woofer group;
  • the invention adopts a single cavity low speaker body, and at least one woofer and at least one set of woofer radiators are arranged in the low speaker body, and the acoustic sound conversion is completed by the interaction of sound waves to make the required box
  • the volume of the body is greatly reduced, 20 to 30 liters is reduced to less than 3 liters, the weight is greatly reduced, and the thickness is thinner, which solves the problem that the conventional technology subwoofer is difficult to install and use in the automobile; the invention can be conveniently placed
  • the driver's seat under the driver's seat or the door of the car or a small other place in the car can be well applied to the front-loading of the automobile OEM and the after-sales of the purchased car to improve the sound quality.
  • the invention is provided with a diaphragm cover, which not only effectively protects the woofer diaphragm and the diaphragm of the bass radiator unit, but also forms an air gap, and the bass sound wave can only propagate from the window through the air gap in different directions, thus An acoustic air cushion is formed to further enhance the bass effect.
  • the invention overcomes the traditional technology, the diaphragm of the woofer of the subwoofer directly faces the listening space, radiates unwanted nasty mid-range noise, and reduces the bass purity of the subwoofer; the invention is provided with a diaphragm cover The board, the midrange can't radiate directly into the listening space, so that the bass of the subwoofer is purer.
  • the invention adopts multiple subwoofers to improve the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency and greatly improve the power of the subwoofer; at the same time, the power of each subwoofer is reduced, the voice coil displacement of the subwoofer is reduced, and the bass is lowered.
  • the electroacoustic conversion of the gun is distorted.
  • the present invention employs a bass radiator group, each group of bass radiators being composed of a pair of bass radiator units, the pair of bass radiator units being symmetrically arranged one behind the other, both vibrating at the same time, and the vibration direction is opposite
  • the vibration amplitude is equal, the vibration force is cancelled, the mechanical vibration of the electroacoustic conversion is greatly reduced, the bass noise is increased, the vibration noise is reduced, the bass delay is reduced, and the bass response speed is superior to the conventional inverted phase subwoofer.
  • the invention overcomes the drawback that the bass effect of the traditional technology subwoofer drops sharply at a small volume, and the bass reduction is still very good at a small volume, and the bass reduction balance of the bass volume and the small volume is well realized.
  • the invention is small in size and provided with a diaphragm cover, which is more advantageous for ID design.
  • the invention uses a small-diameter ordinary woofer, such as a 3.5-inch ordinary woofer to replace the 10-inch special woofer, which has less overall materials, low cost, and is easy to manufacture.
  • each compartment door is greatly reduced, such as changing from a 6.5-inch speaker to a 2-inch speaker, which greatly reduces the space occupied by the door and reduces the weight of the door.
  • the electroacoustic conversion vibration of the compartment door is reduced, and the door life and the reliability of the vehicle are improved.
  • the subwoofer of the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional technology that the subwoofer cannot be covered on the diaphragm, and is not afraid of covering, and is easier to be placed and installed in the vehicle.
  • the invention eliminates the wind noise generated by the inverted tube of the traditional technology subwoofer and the sound outlet thereof, and eliminates the noise of the bass sound airflow transmission, so that the playing bass is purer.
  • FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1B is a left side view of Figure 1A;
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2B is a bottom view of Figure 2A;
  • Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3B is a bottom view of Figure 3A;
  • 4A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4B is a left side view of Figure 4A;
  • Figure 5A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5B is a bottom view of Figure 5A;
  • Figure 6A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6B is a left side view of Figure 6A;
  • Figure 7A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7B is a left side view of Figure 7A;
  • Embodiment 8A is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8B is a right side sectional view of Figure 8A;
  • Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9B is a right side view of Figure 9A;
  • Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10B is a plan view of Figure 10A;
  • 1 is the low speaker body
  • 2 is the woofer speaker
  • 3 is the bass radiator group
  • 4 is the diaphragm cover
  • 5 is the air gap
  • 6 is the connecting column
  • 7 is the bass outer box cover
  • 8 is the bass outlet.
  • the invention comprises a low-speaker body 1 and a woofer 2 and a woofer set 3 respectively mounted in the low-speaker body 1, wherein the woofer 2 is at least one (which may be one to eight) and is mounted on the low-speaker body
  • the bass radiator group 3 is at least one group (which may be one to eight groups), and each group of two bass radiator units, the two bass radiator units are correspondingly arranged in front and rear, respectively installed in the low speaker body.
  • the mounting planes of the two bass radiator units are coplanar, parallel, vertical or inclined with the mounting plane of the woofer 2.
  • the woofer 2 consists of the same woofer unit, which is symmetrically arranged; all woofer units are mounted on the same wall of the low-profile body 1 and are electrically in-phase connected.
  • All of the bass radiator units in each of the bass radiator groups 3 are identical, and the walls of the low speaker body 1 in which all of the bass radiator units are mounted are parallel or coplanar, and two bass radiators in each group of bass radiator groups 3
  • the unit is symmetrically mounted on the two tank walls of the parallel speaker body 1 which are parallel to each other.
  • the woofer unit of the woofer 2 has the highest point of the vibrating member [such as a diaphragm or a loop (also called a rubber edge, a foam edge, etc.) and the woofer group 3
  • the highest point of the vibrating parts of the bass radiator unit such as diaphragm or folding ring (also known as rubber edge, foam edge, etc.)] is on the same plane.
  • the minimum volume of the subwoofer 1 varies with the diaphragm area of the woofer 2.
  • a minimum volume required for a 92 mm conical 3.5-inch woofer unit is 1.1 liters, and the optimum volume is 1.3 liters because 1.3 liters. After that, the volume of the bass is no longer increased, and the bass effect is drastically reduced.
  • the minimum volume required for a conical woofer unit is 0.1 liter for 2 inches, 0.2 liters for 2.5 inches, and 0.4 liters for 3 inches. 3.5 inches for 1 liter, 4 inches for 2 liters, and 4.5 inches for 4 liters.
  • the required minimum volume of a single elliptical woofer unit refers to a conical woofer unit with a similar diaphragm area according to its diaphragm area.
  • the optimum volume of the body 1, N is the number of woofer units of the woofer 2.
  • the single-chamber sandwich car subwoofer of the present invention is provided with an air gap 5 forming an air acoustic air cushion from which the bass sound waves propagate to the listening space.
  • the outer side of the diaphragm of the woofer 2 and the outer side of the diaphragm of each woofer unit in the woofer group 3 are respectively provided with a diaphragm cover 4 connected to the low-profile body 1, and the diaphragm cover 4 passes through a plurality of connecting columns 6 is connected to the lower speaker body 1, and an air gap 5 is formed between the diaphragm of the woofer 2 and the diaphragm of each of the woofer units.
  • a bass outer casing cover 7 is further provided, and the bass outer casing cover 7 is mounted on the low-speaker body 1 through a plurality of connecting columns 6, the diaphragm cover 4 and the bass
  • the cabinet 1 is housed in the bass outer casing cover 7, and the bass outer casing cover 7 is provided with a bass outlet 8 for transmitting bass sound waves to the listening space.
  • the diaphragm cover 4 completely covers the diaphragm of the woofer 2 and the diaphragm of each woofer unit, and the position of the diaphragm cover 4 corresponding to the diaphragm of the woofer 2 and the position corresponding to the vibration of each woofer unit are respectively.
  • the shape of the woofer 2 diaphragm and each of the woofer radiator units is the same, and an air gap 5 of the same shape is formed.
  • the outer side of the low-range body 1 is provided with a bass outer casing cover 7, which is mounted on the low-speaker body 1 through a plurality of connecting posts 6, and air is formed between the lower-speaker body 1 and The air gap 5 of the acoustic air cushion is propagated by the air gap 5 to the listening space.
  • the diaphragm cover 4 of the present invention can be replaced by the side wall of the installation environment of the low-profile body 1, such as the body cover, the inner and outer walls of the door, and the like, in place of the diaphragm cover 4.
  • the subwoofer of the present embodiment has only a single-cavity low-speaker body 1, the low-speaker body 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and four subwoofers 2 are disposed in the low-speaker body 1. They are arranged in two groups symmetrically on the front wall of the low-profile body 1; the woofer 2 can be composed of one woofer unit or multiple, and each woofer unit can be circular, also It can be oval. In this embodiment, a circular woofer unit having a diameter of 92 mm is mounted in each woofer 2.
  • each set of bass radiators 3 is composed of a pair of (2) bass radiator units, and a pair of bass radiator units in each group are correspondingly arranged one behind the other.
  • the bass radiator is also called the passive passive low frequency radiator, also known as the empty speaker. It has no magnet and voice coil, only the diaphragm and its supporting device. It may be circular, elliptical or rectangular, and may be either flat or conical.
  • This embodiment uses two sets of identical bass radiator groups 3, each set of bass radiator groups 3 consisting of two identical rectangular bass radiator units having a size of 90 mm x 125 mm.
  • the two sets of bass radiator groups 3 are symmetrically mounted in the middle of the low cabinet body 1, wherein the two bass radiator units are mounted on the front wall of the same low speaker body 1 as the woofer 2, and the other two bass radiations
  • the unit is mounted on the rear box wall corresponding to the front box wall of the lower cabinet body 1 described above.
  • the diaphragm of the woofer 2 and the diaphragm of the woofer group 3 are respectively provided with a diaphragm cover 4, a diaphragm cover 4 and a diaphragm of the woofer 2, and a diaphragm cover.
  • An air gap 5 is formed between the plate 4 and the diaphragm of the bass radiator group 3, and the air gap 5 forms an air acoustic air cushion.
  • the diaphragm cover 4 of this embodiment is a flat plate.
  • the size of the air gap 5 is 2 mm to 50 mm, which is 10 mm in this embodiment.
  • a fixed connection between the low-profile body 1 and the diaphragm cover 4 by the connecting post 6 requires a plurality of connecting posts 6 for the purpose of preventing the diaphragm cover 4 from vibrating, generating vibration noise and affecting the acoustic air cushion.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm cover 4 is 1 mm to 5 mm, which is 3 mm in this embodiment.
  • the material of the diaphragm cover 4 may be plastic or wood or metal, and is a bottom plate which cannot have any holes and slits; this embodiment uses plastic.
  • a two-layer diaphragm cover 4 a two-acoustic air cushion of two air gaps 5, a two-layer diaphragm and a seven-layer sandwich-type subwoofer with a low-profile body can be formed.
  • the low-speaker body 1 can be made of plastic, metal, wood, or the like, or can be made of a plate material, or can be manufactured by an open mold injection method; the low-speaker body 1 of the present embodiment is manufactured by an open-die injection molding method, and its size is 330 mm. ⁇ 280mm ⁇ 65mm. Also note that all woofer units are electrically in-phase connected.
  • the single-chamber sandwich-type car subwoofer of the present invention can be installed in the position of the existing car speaker, and can also be installed under the left and right car doors or under the front and rear passenger seats.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is that the woofer 2 of the embodiment is two, and the woofer group 3 is two sets of four woofer radiator units, and the woofer radiation is used.
  • the units are all the same circular bass radiator unit. The rest are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the woofer 2 of the embodiment is one, and the woofer group 3 is a group of two woofer radiator units. The rest are the same as in the second embodiment.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the woofer speaker 2 of the embodiment is four, and the woofer group 3 is four groups of eight woofer radiator units; four woofer speakers 2 Divided into four rows and two columns, four of the eight bass radiator units are mounted on the same wall of the woofer 2, and the four woofer units together with the four woofer 2 form a matrix of four rows and two columns. That is, the woofer 2 and the woofer unit in each column are alternately arranged, and each woofer 2 is in the same line as one woofer unit.
  • the other four bass radiator units are in one-to-one correspondence with the above-mentioned four bass radiator units, and the corresponding two bass radiator units are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • the diaphragm cover 4 is not provided in this embodiment. The rest are the same as in the second embodiment.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the woofer 2 of the embodiment is two, and the woofer group 3 is two sets of four woofer radiator units;
  • the radiator unit and the two woofer 2 are changed from the lateral arrangement of the second embodiment to the longitudinal arrangement, arranged in a row and alternately arranged;
  • the other two woofer units are in one-to-one correspondence with the two woofer units, and
  • the corresponding two bass radiator units are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • the rest are the same as in the second embodiment.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the woofer speakers 2 of the embodiment are two, and the opposite directions are set, that is, one is installed on the front box wall of the low-speaker body 1, and the other is Installed on the rear box wall of the low cabinet body 1.
  • the woofer radiator group 3 of the present embodiment is a set of two woofer radiator units located in the middle of two woofer speakers 2, one of which is coplanarly mounted with one woofer 2, and the other woofer unit is The other woofer 2 is mounted face to face. The rest are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the sixth embodiment is that the two woofer speakers 2 of the embodiment are installed in a coplanar manner, that is, both are mounted on the same wall of the low-speaker body 1;
  • the shape of the diaphragm cover 4 on the outer side of the diaphragm of the woofer 2 is the same as the shape of the diaphragm of the woofer 2.
  • the rest are the same as in the sixth embodiment.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the third embodiment is that the low-speaker body 1 of the present embodiment has a cylindrical shape, that is, the subwoofer of the present invention can be used according to the installation environment, such as the installation environment.
  • the shape of the low-profile body that is adapted to the physical structure of the vehicle body or the door is made into various shapes.
  • the diaphragm cover 4 of the present embodiment has a flat shape and is curved at both ends. The rest are the same as in the third embodiment.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is that the diaphragm cover 4 is removed in the embodiment, and the bass outer cover 7 is attached to the outer periphery of the low speaker body 1, and the outer casing is provided.
  • the cover 7 is fixed to the low-profile body 1 through a plurality of connecting posts 6, and the bass outer cover 8 is provided with a bass outlet 8, and an air gap 5 is disposed between the bass outer cover 7 and the low-profile body 1.
  • the diaphragm cover 4 can be replaced with a bass outer case cover 7.
  • the bass outer casing cover 7 is realized by using the installation environment of the subwoofer of the present invention. For example, in the interior application, the front and rear walls of the vehicle body or the door can be used as the diaphragm cover 4 to form an air gap. The role of 5. The rest are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that the woofer speaker 2 of the embodiment is two, and the woofer group 3 is a group of two.
  • This embodiment does not cancel the first embodiment.
  • the working principle of the invention is:
  • the diaphragm of the woofer 2 When low frequency audio power is applied to each of the woofer 2, the diaphragm of the woofer 2 generates vibration to realize electroacoustic conversion. Since the low speaker body 1 in which the woofer speaker 2 is located is a single cavity, when the diaphragm of the woofer 2 vibrates in the direction of the low speaker body 1, the air in the low speaker body 1 is compressed, and a spring effect is generated. The air pressure in the low speaker body 1 is stronger than the atmospheric pressure, so that the diaphragms of the mutually corresponding bass radiator units of the bass radiator group 3 are simultaneously vibrated outside the low speaker body 1.
  • the air spring in the compressed low cabinet body 1 is released, and the restoring force generated by the booster boosts the diaphragm of the woofer 2,
  • the pressure in the low speaker body 1 is further reduced, so that the pressure in the low speaker body 1 is lower than the atmospheric pressure, so that the diaphragm of the bass radiator unit vibrates into the low speaker body 1 at the same time, which not only greatly increases the bass vibration.
  • Membrane area (about 2 times increase), while increasing the amplitude of the diaphragm, so that the generated bass sound waves are enhanced without depending on the volume of the cabinet (the volume of the conventional subwoofer is generally 20 liters to 50 liters) .
  • a diaphragm cover 4 is disposed above the diaphragm of the low-profile body 1, thereby forming an air gap 5, and the bass sound wave cannot be directly radiated as in the conventional technique, and the sound airflow flows in the air gap 5, thus An air acoustic air cushion is formed to further enhance the bass. This way, you can get a shocking, heavy, elastic bass with a small box.
  • the air spring reaction force generated in the low-speaker body 1 reduces the voice coil displacement of each woofer, and the audio power is shared by a plurality of woofer units.
  • the voice coil displacement is further reduced, and the electroacoustic conversion distortion is reduced while increasing the power of the subwoofer.
  • the pair of bass radiator units of each group of bass radiators 3 are arranged correspondingly to each other, when the low-frequency electroacoustic conversion is realized, the symmetric vibrations have the same amplitude, and the vibration directions are opposite, and the vibration force cancels, greatly eliminating the subwoofer. Vibration and displacement.
  • the invention greatly reduces the volume of the low-speaker body by 90%, and is light in weight.
  • a small-diameter ordinary low-frequency speaker and a small box of about 3 inches the effect of the traditional technology subwoofer of 8 inches or more can be obtained, and the bass is greatly enhanced; It is thicker, more shocking, deeper in dive, less distorted, lower in cost, easier to manufacture, smaller and thinner.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，包括一个低音箱体及分别安装在低音箱体内的低音扬声器和低音辐射器组，低音扬声器为至少一个、安装在低音箱体的箱壁上，低音辐射器组为至少一组、每组两只低音辐射器单元，两只低音辐射器单元前后对应设置、分别安装在低音箱体的箱壁上，两只低音辐射器单元的安装平面与低音扬声器的安装平面共面、平行、垂直或倾斜设置。本发明通过低音扬声器与低音辐射器组的相互作用，共同在单一的低音箱体内完成电声转换，使低音炮的体积减少了90％，重量轻，又能产生震撼、厚重、富有弹性更纯净的低音，解决了低音炮硕大不易安装使用的问题，适用于要求体积小、薄，低音又好的汽车前装、后装等内安装使用。

Description

一种单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车音响***音箱，具体地说是一种单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮。
背景技术
随着科学技术的进步，人们对汽车音响的音质要求越来越高。在福建科学技术出版社于2008年7月出版的《扬声器与音箱设计手册》中，公开了密闭式音箱(60～67页)、开口式音箱(67～77页)、无源辐射音箱(77～78页)。这些公开技术制作的汽车低音炮为以下四种结构：
1.一体式汽车低音炮，即低音扬声器设置在低音箱体上，利用低音箱体20～30升的箱体容积产生低音。
2.车体式汽车低音炮，即低音扬声器安装在汽车车体形成的一定空间的箱体上，利用车身形成20～30升来做低音箱体。
3.后备行李厢汽车低音炮，将低音扬声器设置在车厢内与后备行李厢隔离的后窗平台上，利用后备行李厢500升左右的容积来做为低音炮的箱体。
4.车厢门低音箱，将低音扬声器安装在车厢门内，利用车厢门的外壁与内壁形成的夹层空间做低音箱体。
以上汽车低音炮都要用6.5寸～12寸的大口径低音扬声器，大部分还需要超薄的，需要特别工艺制造，成本很高；车厢门和后备行李厢无法密封，漏气，不能形成真正的低音箱，且容积不是过大就是过小，不能满足低音炮要求，因此，低音效果很差；而宝贵的车体可利用来做低音箱的非常受限，必须对整车车体进行重新设计，容积很难满足要求，且密封工艺复杂困难；这样，已有技术的汽车低音炮就形成了体积大，车内安装密封工艺复杂困难，成本高，低音效果差的弊端。
发明内容
为了解决现有汽车低音炮存在的上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种新的物理声学结构的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮。本发明的汽车低音炮，能很好地应用于各种汽车中。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
本发明包括一个低音箱体及分别安装在该低音箱体内的低音扬声器和低音辐射器组，其中低音扬声器为至少一个、安装在所述低音箱体的箱壁上，所述低音辐射器组为至少一组、每组两只低音辐射器单元，该两只低音辐射器单元前后对应设置、分别安装在低音箱体的箱壁上，所述两只低音辐射器单元的安装平面 与低音扬声器的安装平面共面、平行、垂直或倾斜设置；
其中：所述单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮上设有形成空气声学气垫的空气间隙，低音声波由该空气间隙传播至听音空间；所述低音扬声器的振膜外侧及所述低音辐射器组中各所述低音辐射器单元的振膜外侧分别设有与低音箱体连接的振膜盖板，该振膜盖板与所述低音扬声器的振膜之间和各所述低音辐射器单元的振膜之间均形成空气间隙；所述单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮最外侧设有低音外箱体罩，所述振膜盖板与低音箱体均容置于该低音外箱体罩内，所述低音外箱体罩上开设有向听音空间传播低音声波的低音出口；所述振膜盖板将低音扬声器的振膜、各低音辐射器单元的振膜完全覆盖，该振膜盖板对应低音扬声器振膜的位置以及对应各低音辐射器单元振摸的位置分别与低音扬声器振膜、各低音辐射器单元振摸的形状相同，且形成同样形状的所述空气间隙；
所述低音箱体的外侧设有低音外箱体罩，该低音外箱体罩安装在所述低音箱体上，且与低音箱体之间留有形成空气声学气垫的空气间隙，低音声波由该空气间隙传播至听音空间；
所述低音扬声器由相同的低音扬声器单元对称设置组成，所有的低音扬声器单元均安装在所述低音箱体的同一箱壁上，且均为电声同相连接；
各所述低音辐射器组中的所有低音辐射器单元均相同，且所有低音辐射器单元安装的低音箱体的箱壁平行或共面，每组低音辐射器组中的两只低音辐射器单元对称安装在相互平行的低音箱体的两箱壁上；
所述低音扬声器的低音扬声器单元的振动部件的最高点与低音辐射器组的低音辐射器单元的振动部件的最高点在同一平面上；
所述低音箱体的最小容积随低音扬声器的振膜面积而变化，该低音箱体的最佳容积随低音扬声器的低音扬声器单元的数量线性改变，即R＝C×N，其中R为所述低音箱体的最佳容积，C为一只低音扬声器单元的低音箱体的最佳容积，N为所述低音扬声器的低音扬声器单元的只数。
本发明的优点与积极效果为：
1.本发明采用了单一腔体的低音箱体，并在低音箱体内设置有至少一个低音扬声器和至少一组低音辐射器组，它们通过声波的相互作用共同完成电声转换，使所需箱体容积大幅度减小，20～30升减为不到3升，重量大幅度减轻，厚度更薄，解决了传统技术低音炮硕大在汽车内不易安装使用难题；本发明能够很方便地安放在正负驾驶员的座椅下或车厢门或车内其他一个很小的地方，可以很好地应用于汽车整车厂前装和已购在用汽车提高音质的后装。
2.本发明设置有振膜盖板，不但有效保护了低音扬声器振膜和低音辐射器单元振膜，而且形成了空气间隙，低音声波只能从不同方向的空气间隙从窗口传播出去，这样就形成了声学气垫，使低音效果进一步得到提升。
3.本发明克服了传统技术低音炮的低音扬声器的振膜直接面对听音空间， 会辐射出去不需要的讨厌的中音杂音，降低了低音炮的低音纯度；本发明设置有振膜盖板，中音不能直接辐射到听音空间，这样，就使低音炮的低音更纯净。
4.本发明采用了多只低音扬声器，提高了电声转换效率，还大大提高了低音炮的功率；同时，每只低音扬声器承受的功率降低，低音扬声器的音圈位移减小，降低了低音炮的电声转换失真。
5.本发明采用了低音辐射器组，每组低音辐射器组均由一对低音辐射器单元组成，这一对低音辐射器单元一前一后前后对称设置，它们同时振动，且振动方向相反，振动幅度相等，振动力抵消，大幅度减少了电声转换的机械振动，在使低音增强的同时，振动杂音降低，低音延迟减小，低音反应速度优于传统技术的倒相式开口低音炮。
6.本发明克服了传统技术的低音炮在小音量时低音效果急剧下降的弊端，在小音量时低音还原仍然非常好，很好地实现了低音大音量和小音量的低音还原平衡。
7.本发明体积小，且设有振膜盖板，更利于ID设计。
8.本发明用小口径普通低音扬声器，如用3.5寸普通低音扬声器替代10寸特别低音扬声器，总体用料少，成本低，易于生产制造。
9.本发明在车内安装时，会使各车厢门的扬声器尺寸大幅度降低，如从6.5寸扬声器改变为2寸扬声器，大大减少了占用车门的空间，降低了车门重量。
10.本发明应用在车内时，降低了车厢门的电声转换震动，提高车门寿命和整车可靠性。
11.本发明低音炮克服了传统技术低音炮的振膜上面不能遮盖的弊端，其不怕遮盖，更易于在车内摆放和安装使用。
12.本发明消除了传统技术低音炮的倒相管及其出声口产生的风噪，低音声气流传输噪声的消除，使播放的低音更纯净。
附图说明
图1A为本发明实施例一的结构剖视图；
图1B为图1A的左视图；
图2A为本发明实施例二的结构剖视图；
图2B为图2A的仰视图；
图3A为本发明实施例三的结构剖视图；
图3B为图3A的仰视图；
图4A为本发明实施例四的结构剖视图；
图4B为图4A的左视图；
图5A为本发明实施例五的结构剖视图；
图5B为图5A的仰视图；
图6A为本发明实施例六的结构剖视图；
图6B为图6A的左视图；
图7A为本发明实施例七的结构剖视图；
图7B为图7A的左视图；
图8A为本发明实施例八的结构示意图；
图8B为图8A的右视剖视图；
图9A为本发明实施例九的结构剖视图；
图9B为图9A的右视图；
图10A为本发明实施例十的结构剖视图；
图10B为图10A的俯视图；
其中：1为低音箱体，2为低音扬声器，3为低音辐射器组，4为振膜盖板，5为空气间隙，6为连接柱，7为低音外箱体罩，8为低音出口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详述。
本发明包括一个低音箱体1及分别安装在该低音箱体1内的低音扬声器2和低音辐射器组3，其中低音扬声器2为至少一个(可为一～八个)、安装在低音箱体1的箱壁上，低音辐射器组3为至少一组(可为一～八组)、每组两只低音辐射器单元，该两只低音辐射器单元前后对应设置、分别安装在低音箱体1的箱壁上，两只低音辐射器单元的安装平面与低音扬声器2的安装平面共面、平行、垂直或倾斜设置。低音扬声器2由相同的低音扬声器单元组成，这些低音扬声器单元对称设置；所有的低音扬声器单元均安装在低音箱体1的同一箱壁上，且均为电声同相连接。
各低音辐射器组3中的所有低音辐射器单元均相同，且所有低音辐射器单元安装的低音箱体1的箱壁平行或共面，每组低音辐射器组3中的两只低音辐射器单元对称安装在相互平行的低音箱体1的两箱壁上。低音扬声器2和低音辐射器组3设置时，低音扬声器2的低音扬声器单元的振动部件[如振膜或折环(又称橡皮边、泡沫边等)]的最高点与低音辐射器组3的低音辐射器单元的振动部件[如振膜或折环(又称橡皮边、泡沫边等)]的最高点在同一平面上。低音箱体1的最小容积随低音扬声器2的振膜面积不同而变化，例如一只直径92mm圆锥形3.5英寸低音扬声器单元所需的最小容积是1.1升，最佳容积是1.3升，因为1.3升后再增加容积低音效果不再增加，减少时低音效果会急剧下降，对于一只圆锥形低音扬声器单元所需最小容积是：2英寸为0.1升、2.5英寸为0.2升、3英寸为0.4升、3.5英寸为1升、4英寸为2升、4.5英寸为4升。单只椭圆形低音扬声器单元的所需最小容积按其振膜面积参照振膜面积相似的圆锥形低音扬声器单元。低音箱体1的最佳容积随低音扬声器2的低音扬声器单元的数量线性 改变，即R＝C×N，其中R为低音箱体1的最佳容积，C为一只低音扬声器单元的低音箱体1的最佳容积，N为低音扬声器2的低音扬声器单元的只数。
本发明的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮上设有形成空气声学气垫的空气间隙5，低音声波由该空气间隙5传播至听音空间。
低音扬声器2的振膜外侧及低音辐射器组3中各低音辐射器单元的振膜外侧分别设有与低音箱体1连接的振膜盖板4，该振膜盖板4通过多个连接柱6连接于低音箱体1上，与低音扬声器2的振膜之间和各低音辐射器单元的振膜之间均形成空气间隙5。在单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮最外侧还加设有低音外箱体罩7，该低音外箱体罩7通过多个连接柱6安装在低音箱体1上，振膜盖板4与低音箱体1均容置于该低音外箱体罩7内，低音外箱体罩7上开设有向听音空间传播低音声波的低音出口8。振膜盖板4将低音扬声器2的振膜、各低音辐射器单元的振膜完全覆盖，该振膜盖板4对应低音扬声器2振膜的位置以及对应各低音辐射器单元振摸的位置分别与低音扬声器2振膜、各低音辐射器单元振摸的形状相同，且形成同样形状的空气间隙5。
或者，低音箱体1的外侧设有低音外箱体罩7，该低音外箱体罩7通过多个连接柱6安装在低音箱体1上，且与低音箱体1之间留有形成空气声学气垫的空气间隙5，低音声波由该空气间隙5传播至听音空间。
本发明的振膜盖板4可由低音箱体1的安装环境侧壁替代，如利用车体、车门的内外厢壁等来替代振膜盖板4。
实施例一
如图1A、图1B所示，本实施例的低音炮仅有一个单腔体的低音箱体1，该低音箱体1呈长方体形状，在低音箱体1内设置有四个低音扬声器2，它们两个一组，分别对称安装在低音箱体1的前箱壁上；低音扬声器2可以由一只低音扬声器单元组成，也可以是多只，每个低音扬声器单元可以是圆形的，也可以是椭圆形的。本实施例为每个低音扬声器2内安装了一只直径92mm的圆形低音扬声器单元。在低音箱体1内还设置有两组低音辐射器组3，每组低音辐射器3由一对(2只)低音辐射器单元组成，每组中的一对低音辐射器单元前后相互对应设置。低音辐射器又称无源被动低频辐射器，又称空喇叭，其没有磁体和音圈，只有振膜及其支撑装置。它可以是圆形的，也可以是椭圆形的或长方形的，形状可以是平板的也可以是圆锥型的。本实施例用了两组相同的低音辐射器组3，每组低音辐射器组3由两只相同的长方形的低音辐射器单元构成，其尺寸为90mm×125mm。这两组低音辐射器组3互相对称地安装在低音箱体1的中部，其中两只低音辐射器单元安装在与低音扬声器2同一个低音箱体1的前箱壁上，另外2只低音辐射器单元安装在和上述低音箱体1前箱壁对应的后箱壁上。
在低音箱体1外面，低音扬声器2的振膜和低音辐射器组3的振膜上面，分别设置有振膜盖板4，振膜盖板4与低音扬声器2振膜之间及振膜盖板4与低音 辐射器组3振膜之间分别形成空气间隙5，该空气间隙5就形成了空气声学气垫。本实施例的振膜盖板4为平板。空气间隙5的尺寸为2mm～50mm，本实施例为10mm。在低音箱体1和振膜盖板4之间用连接柱6固定连接，需要用多个连接柱6，目的是防止振膜盖板4振动，产生振动杂音及影响声学气垫的效果。振膜盖板4的厚度为1mm～5mm，本实施例为3mm。振膜盖板4的材料可以是塑料也可以是木材或金属等，并且是不能有任何孔洞和缝隙的底板；本实施例用的是塑料。这样，就可以前后形成两层振膜盖板4、两层空气间隙5的双声学气垫、两层振膜和一层低音箱体的七层三明治式结构的低音炮。
低音箱体1可以用塑料、金属和木材等制作，也可以用板材制造，或可以用开模注塑的方法制造；本实施例的低音箱体1采用开模注塑方法制造，其尺寸为：330mm×280mm×65mm。另外注意，所有低音扬声器单元全部为电声同相连接。
本发明的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮除安装在现有汽车音箱位置外，还可安装在汽车左右车厢门或正副驾驶座椅下等位置。
实施例二
如图2A、图2B所示，本实施例与实施例一的区别在于：本实施例的低音扬声器2为两个，低音辐射器组3为两组四只低音辐射器单元，且这些低音辐射器单元均为相同的圆形低音辐射器单元。其余均与实施例一相同。
实施例三
如图3A、图3B所示，本实施例与实施例二的区别在于：本实施例的低音扬声器2为一个，低音辐射器组3为一组两只低音辐射器单元。其余均与实施例二相同。
实施例四
如图4A、图4B所示，本实施例与实施例二的区别在于：本实施例的低音扬声器2四个，低音辐射器组3为四组八只低音辐射器单元；四个低音扬声器2分为四行两列布置，八只低音辐射器单元有四只安装在与低音扬声器2同一箱壁上，这四只低音辐射器单元与四个低音扬声器2共同形成四行两列的矩阵，即每列中的低音扬声器2与低音辐射器单元交替布置，且每个低音扬声器2均与一个低音辐射器单元处于同一行。另外四只低音辐射器单元与上述四只低音辐射器单元一一对应，且相对应的两只低音辐射器单元相互平行布置。本实施例未设置振膜盖板4。其余均与实施例二相同。
实施例五
如图5A、图5B所示，本实施例与实施例二的区别在于：本实施例的低音扬声器2为两个，低音辐射器组3为两组四只低音辐射器单元；其中两只低音辐射器单元与两个低音扬声器2由实施例二的横向排列改为纵向排列，排成一列、且交替布置；另外两只低音辐射器单元与上述两只低音辐射器单元一一对应，且相对应的两只低音辐射器单元相互平行布置。其余均与实施例二相同。
实施例六
如图6A、图6B所示，本实施例与实施例一的区别在于：本实施例的低音扬声器2为两个，设置方向相反，即一个安装在低音箱体1的前箱壁，另一个安装在低音箱体1的后箱壁上。本实施例的低音辐射器组3为一组两个低音辐射器单元，位于两个低音扬声器2的中间，其中一个低音辐射器单元与一个低音扬声器2共面安装，另一个低音辐射器单元与另一个低音扬声器2共面安装。其余均与实施例一相同。
实施例七
如图7A、图7B所示，本实施例与实施例六的区别在于：本实施例的两个低音扬声器2共面安装、即均安装在低音箱体1的同一个箱壁上；另外，低音扬声器2振膜外侧的振膜盖板4的形状和低音扬声器2的振膜形状相。其余均和实施例六相同。
实施例八
如图8A、8B所示，本实施例与实施例三的区别在于：本实施例的低音箱体1形状为圆柱形，也就是本发明的低音炮在实际应用中，可以根据安装环境，如车体或车门等安装物理结构环境不一样而适应的低音箱体的外形做成各种形状。本实施例的振膜盖板4为平板状，两端为弧形。其余均和实施例三相同。
实施例九
如图9A、9B所示，本实施例与实施例一的区别在于：本实施例取消了振膜盖板4而在低音箱体1***加设了低音外箱体罩7，低音外箱体罩7通过多个连接柱6固定在低音箱体1上，在低音外箱体罩7上设置有低音出口8，低音外箱体罩7与低音箱体1之间设置有空气间隙5，也就是在实际使用中，振膜盖板4可以用低音外箱体罩7替代。这个低音外箱体罩7就是利用本发明低音炮的安装环境来实现的，例如在车内应用时，可以利用车身或车门的前后壁等来做为振膜盖板4，从而达到形成空气间隙5的作用。其余均和实施例一相同。
实施例十
如图10A、10B所示，本实施例与实施例九的区别在于：本实施例的低音扬声器2为两个，低音辐射器组3为一组两个，本实施例没有取消实施例一中原有的振膜盖板4，而是在带有振膜盖板4的低音箱体1的外面又增加了一个低音外箱体罩7，并在低音箱体1与低音外箱体罩7之间设置有另一个空气间隙5。其余均和实施例九相同。
本发明的工作原理为：
当低频音频功率施加于各个低音扬声器2时，低音扬声器2的振膜产生震动，实现电声转换。由于低音扬声器2所在的低音箱体1为单一腔体，当低音扬声器2的振膜向低音箱体1内方向震动时，就压缩了低音箱体1内的空气，这时就会产生弹簧效应，使低音箱体1内的空气压强大于大气压强，从而驱动低音辐射器 组3的相互对应的低音辐射器单元的振膜同时向低音箱体1外震动。当低音扬声器2的振膜受低音频功率驱动同时向低音箱体1外震动时，被压缩的低音箱体1内的空气弹簧释放，其产生的恢复力助推低音扬声器2的振膜，使低音箱体1内的压强进一步降低，使低音箱体1内的压强更加低于大气压强，从而使低音辐射器单元的振膜同时向低音箱体1内震动，这样不但大幅度增加了低音振膜面积(增加约2倍左右)，同时使振膜振幅增加，使产生的低音声波得到增强的同时又不依赖箱体容积(传统技术的低音炮的箱体容积一般为20升～50升)。另外，在低音箱体1的振膜上方设置了振膜盖板4，从而形成空气间隙5，而低音声波不能如传统技术那样直接辐射出去，这个声气流要在空气间隙5中流动，这样就形成了空气声学气垫，使低音进一步增强。这样用小箱体就能得到震撼的、厚重的、富有弹性的低音了。另外，由于单腔体低音箱体是个密闭的箱体，在此低音箱体1内产生的空气弹簧反作用力，使各低音扬声器音圈位移减小，又由多只低音扬声器单元分担音频功率，使音圈位移进一步减少，在增大低音炮功率的同时降低了电声转换失真度。同时由于每组低音辐射器组3的一对低音辐射器单元相互对应设置，在实现低频电声转换时，对称振动，振动幅度相等，而振动方向相反，振动力抵消，极大消除了低音炮的振动和位移。
本发明大幅度降低了低音箱体体积的90％，而且重量轻，用3寸左右小口径普通低频扬声器和小箱体，就能得到8寸以上传统技术低音炮的效果，使低音大大增强；并且更加厚重、震撼、下潜更深、失真更小，且成本更低，制造更容易，体积更小、更薄。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：包括一个低音箱体(1)及分别安装在该低音箱体(1)内的低音扬声器(2)和低音辐射器组(3)，其中低音扬声器(2)为至少一个、安装在所述低音箱体(1)的箱壁上，所述低音辐射器组(3)为至少一组、每组两只低音辐射器单元，该两只低音辐射器单元前后对应设置、分别安装在低音箱体(1)的箱壁上，所述两只低音辐射器单元的安装平面与低音扬声器(2)的安装平面共面、平行、垂直或倾斜设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮上设有形成空气声学气垫的空气间隙(5)，低音声波由该空气间隙(5)传播至听音空间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述低音扬声器(2)的振膜外侧及所述低音辐射器组(3)中各所述低音辐射器单元的振膜外侧分别设有与低音箱体(1)连接的振膜盖板(4)，该振膜盖板(4)与所述低音扬声器(2)的振膜之间和各所述低音辐射器单元的振膜之间均形成空气间隙(5)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮最外侧设有低音外箱体罩(7)，所述振膜盖板(4)与低音箱体(1)均容置于该低音外箱体罩(7)内，所述低音外箱体罩(7)上开设有向听音空间传播低音声波的低音出口(8)。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述振膜盖板(4)将低音扬声器(2)的振膜、各低音辐射器单元的振膜完全覆盖，该振膜盖板(4)对应低音扬声器(2)振膜的位置以及对应各低音辐射器单元振摸的位置分别与低音扬声器(2)振膜、各低音辐射器单元振摸的形状相同，且形成同样形状的所述空气间隙(5)。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述低音箱体(1)的外侧设有低音外箱体罩(7)，该低音外箱体罩(7)安装在所述低音箱体(1)上，且与低音箱体(1)之间留有形成空气声学气垫的空气间隙(5)，低音声波由该空气间隙(5)传播至听音空间。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述低音扬声器(2)由相同的低音扬声器单元对称设置组成，所有的低音扬声器单元均安装在所述低音箱体(1)的同一箱壁上，且均为电声同相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：各所述低音辐射器组(3)中的所有低音辐射器单元均相同，且所有低音辐射器单元安装的低音箱体(1)的箱壁平行或共面，每组低音辐射器组(3)中的两只低音辐射器单元对称安装在相互平行的低音箱体(1)的两箱壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述低音扬声器(2)的低音扬声器单元的振动部件的最高点与低音辐射器组(3)的低音辐射器单元的振动部件的最高点在同一平面上。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的单腔体三明治式汽车低音炮，其特征在于：所述低音箱体(1)的最小容积随低音扬声器(2)的振膜面积而变化，该低音箱体(1)的最佳容积随低音扬声器(2)的低音扬声器单元的数量线性改变，即R＝C×N，其中R为所述低音箱体(1)的最佳容积，C为一只低音扬声器单元的低音箱体(1)的最佳容积，N为所述低音扬声器(2)的低音扬声器单元的只数。
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