WO2018159785A1 - 反射型マスクブランク、反射型マスク及びその製造方法、並びに半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
反射型マスクブランク、反射型マスク及びその製造方法、並びに半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018159785A1 WO2018159785A1 PCT/JP2018/007897 JP2018007897W WO2018159785A1 WO 2018159785 A1 WO2018159785 A1 WO 2018159785A1 JP 2018007897 W JP2018007897 W JP 2018007897W WO 2018159785 A1 WO2018159785 A1 WO 2018159785A1
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- film
- absorber
- reflective mask
- etching
- pattern
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/22—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/22—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/24—Reflection masks; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/54—Absorbers, e.g. of opaque materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/68—Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50
- G03F1/80—Etching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70008—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
- G03F7/70033—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources by plasma extreme ultraviolet [EUV] sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31144—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means using masks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reflective mask blank, a reflective mask, a manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, which are original plates for manufacturing an exposure mask used for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- EUV lithography using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) with a wavelength of around 13.5 nm has been developed.
- EUV lithography a reflective mask is used because there are few materials transparent to EUV light.
- a multilayer reflective film that reflects exposure light is formed on a low thermal expansion substrate, and a mask structure in which a desired transfer pattern is formed on a protective film for protecting the multilayer reflective film.
- Basic structure In order to realize fine pattern transfer, EUV lithography, a reflective mask is used because there are few materials transparent to EUV light. In this reflective mask, a multilayer reflective film that reflects exposure light is formed on a low thermal expansion substrate, and a mask structure in which a desired transfer pattern is formed on a protective film for protecting the multilayer reflective film. Basic structure.
- a binary-type reflective mask composed of a relatively thick absorber pattern that sufficiently absorbs EUV light, a light that attenuates EUV light by light absorption, and a multilayer reflective film
- a phase shift type reflection mask (halftone phase shift type reflection mask) composed of a relatively thin absorber pattern that generates reflected light whose phase is substantially reversed (about 180 ° phase inversion).
- This phase shift type reflection mask (halftone phase shift type reflection mask) has the effect of improving the resolution because a high transfer optical image contrast can be obtained by the phase shift effect similarly to the transmission type optical phase shift mask.
- the film thickness of the absorber pattern (phase shift pattern) of the phase shift type reflective mask is thin, a fine phase shift pattern can be formed with high accuracy.
- EUV lithography a projection optical system including a large number of reflecting mirrors is used because of the light transmittance. Then, EUV light is incident obliquely on the reflective mask so that the plurality of reflecting mirrors do not block the projection light (exposure light). At present, the incident angle is mainly 6 ° with respect to the vertical plane of the reflective mask substrate. Studies are being conducted in the direction of increasing the numerical aperture (NA) of the projection optical system so that the angle becomes more oblique incidence of about 8 °.
- NA numerical aperture
- EUV lithography has an inherent problem called a shadowing effect because exposure light is incident obliquely.
- the shadowing effect is a phenomenon in which exposure light is incident on the absorber pattern having a three-dimensional structure from an oblique direction, and a shadow is formed, thereby changing the size and position of the pattern formed by transfer.
- the three-dimensional structure of the absorber pattern becomes a wall and a shadow is formed on the shade side, and the size and position of the transferred pattern changes. For example, there is a difference in the size and position of the transfer patterns between the case where the direction of the absorber pattern to be arranged is parallel to the direction of the oblique incident light and the case where the direction is perpendicular, and the transfer accuracy is lowered.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose techniques related to such a reflective mask for EUV lithography and a mask blank for producing the same. Patent Document 1 also discloses a shadowing effect. Conventionally, by using a phase shift type reflective mask as a reflective mask for EUV lithography, the thickness of the phase shift pattern is made relatively thinner than in the case of a binary type reflective mask, and the transfer accuracy is reduced due to the shadowing effect. We are trying to suppress it.
- the film thickness of the absorber film is required to be less than 60 nm, preferably 50 nm or less.
- Ta has been conventionally used as a material for forming an absorber film (phase shift film) of a reflective mask blank.
- the refractive index n of Ta in EUV light for example, wavelength 13.5 nm
- n of Ta in EUV light is about 0.943
- the absorber film (phase shift film) formed only of Ta is used. Thinning is limited to 60 nm.
- a metal material having a high extinction coefficient k high absorption effect
- the metal material having a large extinction coefficient k at a wavelength of 13.5 nm include cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- Co and Ni have magnetism, there is a concern that if an electron beam is drawn on a resist film on an absorber film formed using these materials, a pattern as designed cannot be drawn. Is done.
- the present invention provides a reflective mask blank that can further reduce the shadowing effect of the reflective mask and that can form a fine and highly accurate phase shift pattern, and a reflective mask produced thereby. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- (Configuration 1) A reflective mask blank having a multilayer reflective film and an absorber film in this order on a substrate, The reflective mask blank, wherein the absorber film is made of a material containing an amorphous metal containing at least one element of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the amorphous metal includes at least one element of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium. 2.
- the amorphous metal is obtained by adding tantalum (Ta) to at least one element of the cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), and the content of the tantalum (Ta) is 10 atomic% or more 90%
- An etching mask film is provided on the absorber film, and the etching mask film is made of a material containing chromium (Cr) or a material containing silicon (Si).
- a reflective mask blank according to any one of the above.
- etching stopper film is provided between the protective film and the absorber film, and the etching stopper film is made of a material containing chromium (Cr) or a material containing silicon (Si). Or the reflective mask blank of 5.
- a reflective mask comprising an absorber pattern in which the absorber film in the reflective mask blank according to any one of configurations 1 to 6 is patterned.
- (Configuration 8) A reflective mask characterized in that the absorber film of the reflective mask blank according to any one of configurations 1 to 6 is patterned by dry etching using a chlorine-based gas to form an absorber pattern. Production method.
- a semiconductor comprising a step of setting a reflective mask according to Configuration 7 in an exposure apparatus having an exposure light source that emits EUV light, and transferring a transfer pattern to a resist film formed on a transfer substrate.
- Device manufacturing method
- the thickness of the absorber film can be reduced, the shadowing effect can be reduced, and a fine and highly accurate absorber.
- the pattern can be formed with a stable cross-sectional shape with little sidewall roughness. Therefore, the reflective mask manufactured using the reflective mask blank of this structure can form the absorber pattern itself formed on the mask finely and with high accuracy, and also prevents deterioration in accuracy during transfer due to shadowing. it can. Further, by performing EUV lithography using this reflective mask, it is possible to provide a fine and highly accurate method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- the back-surface conductive film is an intermediate layer and SiO 2 film as a Pt film
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an essential part for explaining the configuration of a reflective mask blank according to the present invention.
- a reflective mask blank 100 includes a substrate 1, a multilayer reflective film 2 that reflects EUV light that is exposure light formed on the first main surface (front surface) side, and the multilayer reflective film. 2, an etchant used for patterning an absorber film 4 to be described later, a protective film 3 formed of a material resistant to a cleaning liquid, and an absorber film that absorbs EUV light 4 and these are stacked in this order. Further, a back surface conductive film 5 for electrostatic chuck is formed on the second main surface (back surface) side of the substrate 1.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the relevant part showing another example of a reflective mask blank according to the present invention.
- the reflective mask blank 300 includes a substrate 1, a multilayer reflective film 2, a protective film 3, an absorber film 4, and a back conductive film 5.
- a reflective mask blank 300 shown in FIG. 13 further has an etching mask film 6 on the absorber film 4 that serves as an etching mask for the absorber film 4 when the absorber film 4 is etched.
- the reflective mask blank 300 which has the etching mask film
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the relevant part showing still another example of the reflective mask blank according to the present invention.
- the reflective mask blank 500 is similar to the reflective mask blank 300 shown in FIG. 13 in that the substrate 1, the multilayer reflective film 2, the protective film 3, the absorber film 4, the etching mask film 6, and the back conductive film. 5.
- a reflective mask blank 500 shown in FIG. 15 further includes an etching stopper film 7 that serves as an etching stopper when the absorber film 4 is etched between the protective film 3 and the absorber film 4.
- the etching mask film 6 and the etching stopper film 7 are peeled off. May be.
- the reflective mask blanks 100, 300, and 500 include a configuration in which the back conductive film 5 is not formed. Further, the reflective mask blanks 100, 300, and 500 include a mask blank with a resist film in which a resist film is formed on the absorber film 4 or the etching mask film 6.
- a multilayer reflective film 2 formed on the main surface of the substrate 1 means that the multilayer reflective film 2 is disposed in contact with the surface of the substrate 1.
- a case where it means that another film is provided between the substrate 1 and the multilayer reflective film 2 is also included.
- the film A is disposed on the film B means that the film A and the film B are not interposed between the film A and the film B without interposing another film. It means that it is arranged so that it touches directly.
- ⁇ Board A substrate 1 having a low thermal expansion coefficient within a range of 0 ⁇ 5 ppb / ° C. is preferably used in order to prevent distortion of the absorber pattern due to heat during exposure with EUV light.
- a material having a low thermal expansion coefficient in this range for example, SiO 2 —TiO 2 glass, multicomponent glass ceramics, and the like can be used.
- the first main surface of the substrate 1 on which the transfer pattern (an absorber film described later constitutes this) is formed is subjected to surface processing so as to have high flatness from the viewpoint of obtaining at least pattern transfer accuracy and position accuracy. ing.
- the flatness is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably in a 132 mm ⁇ 132 mm region on the main surface on the side where the transfer pattern of the substrate 1 is formed. 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the second main surface opposite to the side on which the absorber film is formed is a surface that is electrostatically chucked when being set in the exposure apparatus, and has a flatness of 0.1 ⁇ m in a 132 mm ⁇ 132 mm region. Or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the flatness on the second main surface side in the reflective mask blank 100 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 ⁇ m in a 142 mm ⁇ 142 mm region. It is as follows.
- the high surface smoothness of the substrate 1 is an extremely important item.
- the surface roughness of the first main surface of the substrate 1 on which the transfer absorber pattern is formed is preferably not more than 0.1 nm in terms of root mean square roughness (RMS).
- RMS root mean square roughness
- the surface smoothness can be measured with an atomic force microscope.
- the substrate 1 has high rigidity in order to prevent deformation due to film stress of a film (multilayer reflective film 2 or the like) formed thereon.
- a film multilayer reflective film 2 or the like
- those having a high Young's modulus of 65 GPa or more are preferable.
- the multilayer reflective film 2 gives a function of reflecting EUV light in a reflective mask, and has a multilayer film structure in which layers mainly composed of elements having different refractive indexes are periodically laminated. .
- a thin film (high refractive index layer) of a light element or a compound thereof, which is a high refractive index material, and a thin film (low refractive index layer) of a heavy element or a compound thereof, which is a low refractive index material, are alternately 40
- a multilayer film laminated for about 60 cycles is used as the multilayer reflective film 2.
- the multilayer film may be laminated in a plurality of periods, with a laminated structure of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer in which a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are laminated in this order from the substrate 1 side as one cycle.
- a low-refractive index layer and a high-refractive index layer in which the low-refractive index layer and the high-refractive index layer are stacked in this order may be stacked in a plurality of periods.
- the outermost layer of the multilayer reflective film 2, that is, the surface layer opposite to the substrate 1 of the multilayer reflective film 2, is preferably a high refractive index layer.
- the uppermost layer has a low refractive index.
- the low refractive index layer constitutes the outermost surface of the multilayer reflective film 2
- the multilayer film described above when the low-refractive index layer / high-refractive index layer stack structure in which the low-refractive index layer and the high-refractive index layer are stacked in this order from the substrate 1 side is a plurality of periods, Since the upper layer is a high refractive index layer, it can be left as it is.
- a layer containing silicon (Si) is employed as the high refractive index layer.
- Si Si compound containing boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) in addition to Si alone may be used.
- a layer containing Si As the high refractive index layer, a reflective mask for EUV lithography having excellent EUV light reflectivity can be obtained.
- a glass substrate is preferably used as the substrate 1. Si is also excellent in adhesion to the glass substrate.
- a single metal selected from molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), and platinum (Pt), or an alloy thereof is used.
- a Mo / Si periodic laminated film in which Mo films and Si films are alternately laminated for about 40 to 60 periods is preferably used.
- a silicon oxide containing silicon and oxygen is formed between the uppermost layer (Si) and the Ru-based protective film 3 by forming a high refractive index layer, which is the uppermost layer of the multilayer reflective film 2, with silicon (Si).
- a layer may be formed.
- the reflectance of such a multilayer reflective film 2 alone is usually 65% or more, and the upper limit is usually 73%.
- the thickness and period of each constituent layer of the multilayer reflective film 2 may be appropriately selected depending on the exposure wavelength, and are selected so as to satisfy the Bragg reflection law.
- the multilayer reflective film 2 there are a plurality of high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers, but the thicknesses of the high refractive index layers and the low refractive index layers may not be the same.
- the film thickness of the Si layer on the outermost surface of the multilayer reflective film 2 can be adjusted within a range in which the reflectance is not lowered.
- the film thickness of the outermost surface Si (high refractive index layer) can be 3 nm to 10 nm.
- the method for forming the multilayer reflective film 2 is known in the art, but can be formed by depositing each layer of the multilayer reflective film 2 by, for example, ion beam sputtering.
- ion beam sputtering In the case of the Mo / Si periodic multilayer film described above, an Si film having a thickness of about 4 nm is first formed on the substrate 1 using an Si target, for example, by ion beam sputtering, and then about 3 nm in thickness using a Mo target. The Mo film is formed, and this is set as one period, and is laminated for 40 to 60 periods to form the multilayer reflective film 2 (the outermost layer is a Si layer).
- it is preferable to form the multilayer reflective film 2 by supplying krypton (Kr) ion particles from an ion source and performing ion beam sputtering.
- Kr krypton
- the protective film 3 is formed on the multilayer reflective film 2 in order to protect the multilayer reflective film 2 from dry etching and cleaning in the reflective mask manufacturing process described later. In addition, the multilayer reflective film 2 is also protected at the time of correcting the black defect of the absorber pattern using the electron beam (EB).
- FIG. 1 shows a case where the protective film 3 has one layer, but a laminated structure of three or more layers may also be used.
- the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer may be made of the above-described Ru-containing material, and the protective film 3 may be formed by interposing a metal or alloy other than Ru between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer.
- the protective film 3 can be made of a material containing ruthenium as a main component. That is, the material of the protective film 3 may be a single Ru metal, or Ru may be titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), boron (B), lanthanum ( It may be a Ru alloy containing at least one metal selected from La), cobalt (Co), rhenium (Re), etc., and may contain nitrogen.
- the protective film 3 includes the absorber film 4 made of a Co—X amorphous metal material, a Ni—X amorphous metal material, or a CoNi—X amorphous metal material, and is dry-etched with a chlorine-based gas (Cl-based gas). This is effective when patterning the absorber film 4.
- the protective film 3 has an etching selectivity ratio of the absorber film 4 to the protective film 3 in the dry etching using chlorine gas (etching speed of the absorber film 4 / etching speed of the protective film 3) is 1.5 or more, preferably It is preferable to form with the material used as 3 or more.
- the Ru content of this Ru alloy is 50 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%, preferably 80 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%, more preferably 95 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%.
- the Ru content of the Ru alloy is 95 atomic percent or more and less than 100 atomic percent, while suppressing the diffusion of the multilayer reflective film constituent element (silicon) into the protective film 3, while ensuring sufficient EUV light reflectivity. It is possible to combine a mask cleaning resistance, an etching stopper function when the absorber film is etched, and a protective film function for preventing the multilayer reflective film from changing with time.
- EUV lithography since there are few substances that are transparent to exposure light, an EUV pellicle that prevents foreign matter from adhering to the mask pattern surface is not technically simple. For this reason, pellicleless operation without using a pellicle has become the mainstream.
- EUV lithography exposure contamination such as a carbon film is deposited on a mask or an oxide film grows by EUV exposure occurs. For this reason, it is necessary to frequently remove the foreign matter and contamination on the mask while the EUV reflective mask is used for manufacturing the semiconductor device. For this reason, EUV reflective masks are required to have orders of magnitude greater mask cleaning resistance than transmissive masks for photolithography.
- the cleaning resistance to cleaning liquids such as sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid / hydrogen peroxide (SPM), ammonia, ammonia hydrogen peroxide (APM), OH radical cleaning water, or ozone water having a concentration of 10 ppm or less. It is particularly high, and it becomes possible to satisfy the requirement for mask cleaning resistance.
- the thickness of the protective film 3 composed of such Ru or an alloy thereof is not particularly limited as long as it can function as the protective film, but from the viewpoint of the reflectance of EUV light, the thickness of the protective film 3 is not limited. Is preferably from 1.0 nm to 8.0 nm, more preferably from 1.5 nm to 6.0 nm.
- the same method as a known film forming method can be employed without any particular limitation.
- Specific examples include a sputtering method and an ion beam sputtering method.
- the absorber film 4 has a function of absorbing EUV light, and is a material containing an amorphous metal containing at least one element of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) as a material that can be processed by dry etching. Consists of.
- the absorber film 4 contains cobalt (Co) and / or nickel (Ni)
- the extinction coefficient k can be set to 0.035 or more, and the absorber film can be made thinner. Further, by making the absorber film 4 an amorphous metal, it becomes possible to increase the etching rate, improve the pattern shape, and improve the processing characteristics.
- At least one element of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) includes tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium ( Hf), yttrium (Y) and phosphorus (P) to which at least one element (X) is added.
- additive elements (X), W, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf and Y are nonmagnetic metal materials. Therefore, a soft magnetic amorphous metal can be obtained by adding Co and / or Ni to a Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy or CoNi—X alloy, and the magnetic property of the material constituting the absorber film. Can be suppressed. Thereby, good pattern drawing can be performed without affecting the electron beam drawing.
- the content of the additive element (X) in the Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy or CoNi—X alloy is preferably 3 atomic% or more, and preferably 10 atomic% or more. More preferred.
- the content of Zr, Hf and Y is less than 3 atomic%, the Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy or CoNi—X alloy is difficult to be amorphous.
- the content of the additive element (X) in the Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy or CoNi—X alloy is preferably 10 atomic% or more. 15 atom% or more is more preferable.
- the content of W, Nb, Ta, and Ti is less than 10 atomic%, the Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy, or CoNi—X alloy is difficult to become amorphous.
- the content of P in NiP is 9 atomic% or more, more preferably 19 atomic% or more, so that a nonmagnetic amorphous metal can be obtained, and the absorber film is formed.
- the magnetism of the material to be removed can be eliminated.
- the P content is less than 9 atomic%, NiP has magnetism and is difficult to become amorphous.
- the content of the additive element (X) in the Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy or CoNi—X alloy is adjusted so that the extinction coefficient k at a wavelength of 13.5 nm does not become less than 0.035. Therefore, the content of the additive element (X) is preferably 97 atomic percent or less, more preferably 50 atomic percent or less, and further preferably 24 atomic percent or less.
- Nb, Ti, Zr and Y having a single extinction coefficient k of less than about 0.035 are preferably 24 atomic percent or less.
- W, Ta, Hf, and P having a single extinction coefficient k of 0.035 or more have an extinction coefficient k of 0 when Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy, or CoNi—X alloy is used. It is easy to adjust to 035 or more, and the extinction coefficient k can be adjusted to 0.045 or more. For this reason, the content of the additive element (X) can be increased in consideration of processing characteristics.
- Ta can be preferably used as the additive element (X) because of good processing characteristics.
- the Ta content of the alloy is preferably 90 atomic percent or less, and more preferably 80 atomic percent or less.
- the additive element (X) of the Co—X alloy is Ta
- the composition ratio of Co to Ta (Co: Ta) is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 9, more preferably 4: 1 to 1: 4. preferable.
- the composition ratio of Co and Ta was 3: 1, 1: 1, and 1: 3, each sample was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and cross-sectional TEM observation was performed. , Co and Ta-derived peaks changed to broad and had an amorphous structure.
- the composition ratio (Ni: Ta) between Ni and Ta is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 9, and 4: 1 to 1: 4. Is more preferable.
- the composition ratio of Ni and Ta was set to 3: 1, 1: 1, and 1: 3, the analysis by the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the cross-sectional TEM observation were performed on all the samples. , Ni and Ta-derived peaks changed to broad and had an amorphous structure.
- the additive element (X) of the CoNi—X alloy is Ta
- the composition ratio of CoNi and Ta (CoNi: Ta) is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 9, and 4: 1 to 1: 4. Is more preferable.
- the Co—X alloy, Ni—X alloy, or CoNi—X alloy has nitrogen (N), oxygen (within a range not significantly affecting the refractive index and extinction coefficient). Other elements such as O), carbon (C) or boron (B) may be included. Since the etching rate can be increased, it is preferable to use a CoTa alloy, NiTa alloy or CoNi—X alloy containing nitrogen (N) as the absorber film.
- the content of nitrogen (N) in the CoTa alloy, NiTa alloy or CoNi—X alloy is preferably 5 atomic% or more and 55 atomic% or less.
- the absorber film 4 made of such an amorphous metal can be formed by a known method such as a magnetron sputtering method such as a DC sputtering method or an RF sputtering method.
- the target may be a Co—X metal target, a Ni—X metal target, or a CoNi—X metal target, or a Co target, a Ni target, or a CoNi target, and a target of an additive element (X). Co-sputtering can also be used.
- the absorber film 4 may be the absorber film 4 for the purpose of absorbing EUV light as a binary type reflective mask blank, and the phase difference of EUV light is also considered as a phase shift type reflective mask blank.
- the absorber film 4 having a phase shift function may be used.
- the film thickness is set so that the reflectance of the EUV light with respect to the absorber film 4 is 2% or less, preferably 1% or less.
- the thickness of the absorber film is required to be less than 60 nm, preferably 50 nm or less.
- the reflectivity at 13.5 nm is set to 0.11% by setting the film thickness to 39.8 nm. Can do.
- a portion of the absorber film 4 where the absorber film 4 is formed reflects part of light at a level that does not adversely affect pattern transfer while absorbing and reducing EUV light.
- a desired phase difference is formed with the reflected light from the field part reflected from the multilayer reflective film 2 via the protective film 3.
- the absorber film 4 is formed so that the phase difference between the reflected light from the absorber film 4 and the reflected light from the multilayer reflective film 2 is 160 ° to 200 °.
- Image contrast of the projection optical image is improved because light beams having inverted phase differences in the vicinity of 180 ° interfere with each other at the pattern edge portion.
- the standard of the reflectivity for sufficiently obtaining this phase shift effect is 1% or more in absolute reflectivity, and 2 in reflectivity ratio with respect to a multilayer reflective film (with a protective film). % Or more.
- the absorber film 4 may be a single layer film or a multilayer film composed of two or more layers. In the case of a single layer film, the number of processes at the time of manufacturing a mask blank can be reduced and production efficiency is increased.
- the absorber film 4 When the absorber film 4 is a multilayer film, for example, it can have a two-layer structure including a lower layer film and an upper layer film from the substrate side.
- the lower layer film can be formed of a Co—X amorphous metal, a Ni—X amorphous metal, or a CoNi—X amorphous metal having a large EUV light extinction coefficient.
- the upper layer film can be formed of a material in which oxygen (O) is added to Co—X amorphous metal, Ni—X amorphous metal, or CoNi—X amorphous metal. It is preferable that the optical constant and the film thickness of the upper layer film are appropriately set so as to be an antireflection film at the time of mask pattern inspection using DUV light, for example.
- the upper layer film functions as an antireflection film, the inspection sensitivity at the time of mask pattern inspection using light is improved.
- various functions can be added by using a multilayer film.
- the absorber film 4 is the absorber film 4 having a phase shift function, the range of adjustment on the optical surface is expanded by making a multilayer film, and a desired reflectance can be easily obtained.
- one of the multilayer films may be a Co—X amorphous metal, a Ni—X amorphous metal, or a CoNi—X amorphous metal.
- an oxide layer may be formed on the surface of the absorber film 4.
- an oxide layer of Co—X amorphous metal, Ni—X amorphous metal, or CoNi—X amorphous metal it is possible to improve the cleaning resistance of the absorber pattern 4 a of the obtained reflective mask 200.
- the thickness of the oxide layer is preferably 1.0 nm or more, and more preferably 1.5 nm or more.
- the thickness of the oxide layer is preferably 5 nm or less, and more preferably 3 nm or less.
- the thickness of the oxide layer is less than 1.0 nm, the effect is not expected because it is too thin, and when it exceeds 5 nm, the influence on the surface reflectance with respect to the mask inspection light becomes large, and a predetermined surface reflectance is obtained. It becomes difficult to control.
- the method for forming the oxide layer is as follows: hot water treatment, ozone water treatment, heat treatment in a gas containing oxygen, and ultraviolet rays in a gas containing oxygen. Examples include performing irradiation treatment and O 2 plasma treatment.
- an oxide layer due to natural oxidation may be formed on the surface layer.
- an oxide layer having a thickness of 1 to 2 nm is formed.
- the etching gas for the absorber film 4 is a chlorine-based gas such as Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , and BCl 3 , two or more mixed gases selected from these chlorine-based gases, and a chlorine-based gas A mixed gas containing a gas and He at a predetermined ratio, a mixed gas containing a chlorine-based gas and Ar at a predetermined ratio, a halogen gas containing at least one selected from fluorine gas, chlorine gas, bromine gas and iodine gas As well as those selected from at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen halide gases.
- etching gases include CF 4 , CHF 3 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 6 , C 4 F 6 , C 4 F 8 , CH 2 F 2 , CH 3 F, C 3 F 8 , SF 6 and A gas selected from fluorine-based gas such as F 2 and a mixed gas containing fluorine-based gas and O 2 at a predetermined ratio can be used. Further, as the etching gas, a mixed gas containing these gases and oxygen gas or the like can be used.
- the upper layer film and the lower layer film may have different etching gases.
- the etching gas for the upper layer film is CF 4 , CHF 3 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 6 , C 4 F 6 , C 4 F 8 , CH 2 F 2 , CH 3 F, C 3 F 8 , SF
- a gas selected from fluorine-based gases such as 6 and F 2 and a mixed gas containing fluorine-based gas and O 2 at a predetermined ratio can be used.
- the etching gas for the lower layer film is chlorine gas such as Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , and BCl 3 , two or more kinds of mixed gases selected from these chlorine gases, and chlorine gas And a gas mixture selected from a mixed gas containing a predetermined ratio of chlorine and He and a mixed gas containing a chlorine-based gas and Ar at a predetermined ratio can be used.
- the etching gas contains oxygen at the final stage of etching, the Ru-based protective film 3 is roughened. For this reason, it is preferable to use an etching gas containing no oxygen in the overetching stage in which the Ru-based protective film 3 is exposed to etching.
- the oxide layer is removed using the first etching gas, and the remaining absorber film 4 is dry-etched using the second etching gas.
- the first etching gas can be a chlorine-based gas containing BCl 3 gas
- the second etching gas can be a chlorine-based gas containing a Cl 2 gas or the like different from the first etching gas.
- etching mask film 6 may be formed on the absorber film 4 as shown in FIG.
- the material of the etching mask film 6 a material having a high etching selectivity of the absorber film 4 with respect to the etching mask film 6 is used.
- the etching selectivity ratio of B with respect to A refers to the ratio of the etching rate between A, which is a layer (a layer serving as a mask), which is not desired to be etched, and B, which is a layer where etching is desired.
- etching selectivity ratio of B to A etching rate of B / etching rate of A”.
- high selection ratio means that the value of the selection ratio defined above is large with respect to the comparison target.
- the etching selectivity of the absorber film 4 with respect to the etching mask film 6 is preferably 1.5 or more, and more preferably 3 or more.
- Examples of materials having a high etching selectivity of the absorber film 4 with respect to the etching mask film 6 include chromium and chromium compound materials.
- the absorber film 4 can be etched with a fluorine-based gas or a chlorine-based gas.
- Examples of the chromium compound include a material containing Cr and at least one element selected from N, O, C, and H.
- Examples of the chromium compound include CrN, CrON, CrCN, CrCON, CrBN, CrBON, CrBCN, and CrBOCN. In order to increase the etching selectivity with a chlorine-based gas, it is preferable to use a material that does not substantially contain oxygen.
- the chromium compound substantially not containing oxygen examples include CrN, CrCN, CrBN, and CrBCN.
- the Cr content of the chromium compound is preferably 50 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%, and more preferably 80 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%.
- substantially free of oxygen corresponds to a chromium compound having an oxygen content of 10 atomic% or less, preferably 5 atomic% or less.
- the said material can contain metals other than chromium in the range with which the effect of this invention is acquired.
- a silicon or silicon compound material can be used.
- the silicon compound include a material containing at least one element selected from Si and N, O, C, and H, a metal silicon (metal silicide) containing a metal in silicon or a silicon compound, a metal silicon compound (metal silicide compound), and the like. Materials. Specific examples of the material containing silicon include SiO, SiN, SiON, SiC, SiCO, SiCN, SiCON, MoSi, MoSiO, MoSiN, and MoSiON. In addition, the said material can contain semimetals or metals other than silicon in the range with which the effect of this invention is acquired.
- the additive element (X) of the absorber film 4 is 20 atomic% or more. preferable.
- the film thickness of the etching mask film 6 is desirably 3 nm or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a function as an etching mask for accurately forming the transfer pattern on the absorber film 4.
- the thickness of the etching mask film 6 is preferably 15 nm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness of the resist film, and more preferably 10 nm or less.
- an etching stopper film 7 may be formed between the protective film 3 and the absorber film 4.
- a material for the etching stopper film 7 a material having a high etching selectivity of the absorber film 4 to the etching stopper film 7 in the dry etching using a chlorine-based gas (etching speed of the absorber film 4 / etching speed of the etching stopper film 7).
- Such materials include materials of chromium and chromium compounds. Examples of the chromium compound include a material containing Cr and at least one element selected from N, O, C, and H.
- the chromium compound examples include CrN, CrON, CrCN, CrCON, CrBN, CrBON, CrBCN, and CrBOCN.
- a material that does not substantially contain oxygen examples include CrN, CrCN, CrBN, and CrBCN.
- the Cr content of the chromium compound is preferably 50 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%, and more preferably 80 atom% or more and less than 100 atom%.
- the material for the etching stopper film can contain a metal other than chromium as long as the effects of the present invention are obtained.
- the etching stopper film 7 can be made of silicon or a silicon compound material.
- the silicon compound a material containing Si and at least one element selected from N, O, C and H, and metal silicon (metal silicide) or metal silicon compound (metal silicide compound) containing metal in silicon or silicon compound ) And the like.
- the material containing silicon include SiO, SiN, SiON, SiC, SiCO, SiCN, SiCON, MoSi, MoSiO, MoSiN, and MoSiON.
- the said material can contain semimetals or metals other than silicon in the range with which the effect of this invention is acquired.
- the etching stopper film 7 is preferably formed of the same material as the etching mask film 6. As a result, the etching mask film 6 can be removed simultaneously when the etching stopper film 7 is patterned.
- the etching stopper film 7 and the etching mask film 6 may be formed of a chromium compound or a silicon compound, and the composition ratios of the etching stopper film 7 and the etching mask film 6 may be different from each other.
- the film thickness of the etching stopper film 7 is desirably 2 nm or more from the viewpoint of suppressing damage to the protective film 3 during the etching of the absorber film 4 to change the optical characteristics.
- the thickness of the etching stopper film 7 is reduced from the viewpoint of reducing the total film thickness of the absorber film 4 and the etching stopper film 7, that is, reducing the height of the pattern formed of the absorber pattern 4a and the etching stopper pattern 7a. It is preferably 7 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less.
- the film thickness of the etching stopper film 7 is preferably equal to or smaller than the film thickness of the etching mask film. Further, when (film thickness of the etching stopper film 7) ⁇ (film thickness of the etching mask film 6), the relationship of (etching speed of the etching stopper film 7) ⁇ (etching speed of the etching mask film 6) is satisfied. Is preferred.
- a back surface conductive film 5 for an electrostatic chuck is formed on the second main surface (back surface) side of the substrate 1 (opposite the surface on which the multilayer reflective film 2 is formed).
- the electrical characteristics (sheet resistance) required for the back surface conductive film 5 for the electrostatic chuck are usually 100 ⁇ / ⁇ ( ⁇ / Square) or less.
- the back surface conductive film 5 can be formed, for example, by a magnetron sputtering method or an ion beam sputtering method using a target of a metal such as chromium or tantalum or an alloy.
- the material containing chromium (Cr) of the back surface conductive film 5 is preferably a Cr compound containing at least one selected from boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon in Cr.
- the Cr compound include CrN, CrON, CrCN, CrCON, CrBN, CrBON, CrBCN, and CrBOCN.
- Ta tantalum
- Ta tantalum
- an alloy containing Ta or a Ta compound containing at least one of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon is used. It is preferable.
- Ta compounds include TaB, TaN, TaO, TaON, TaCON, TaBN, TaBO, TaBON, TaBCON, TaHf, TaHfO, TaHfN, TaHfON, TaHfCON, TaSi, TaSiO, TaSiN, TaSiON, and TaSiCON. it can.
- nitrogen (N) present in the surface layer is small.
- the content of nitrogen in the surface layer of the back surface conductive film 5 made of a material containing tantalum (Ta) or chromium (Cr) is preferably less than 5 atomic%, and substantially does not contain nitrogen in the surface layer. It is more preferable. This is because in the back surface conductive film 5 made of a material containing tantalum (Ta) or chromium (Cr), the wear resistance is higher when the content of nitrogen in the surface layer is smaller.
- the back conductive film 5 is preferably made of a material containing tantalum and boron.
- the conductive film 23 having wear resistance and chemical resistance can be obtained.
- the back surface conductive film 5 contains tantalum (Ta) and boron (B)
- the B content is preferably 5 to 30 atomic%.
- the ratio of Ta and B (Ta: B) in the sputtering target used for forming the back conductive film 5 is preferably 95: 5 to 70:30.
- the thickness of the back surface conductive film 5 is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the function for an electrostatic chuck, but is usually 10 nm to 200 nm. Further, the back surface conductive film 5 also has stress adjustment on the second main surface side of the mask blank 100, and balances with stress from various films formed on the first main surface side so that a flat reflective mask. It is adjusted to obtain a blank.
- a femtosecond laser pulse is applied to the transfer mask substrate in order to correct errors such as alignment of a transfer mask such as a reflective mask.
- a technique of modifying the substrate surface or the inside of the substrate by locally irradiating and correcting the error of the transfer mask include a sapphire laser (wavelength 800 nm) or an Nd-YAG laser (532 nm).
- the back conductive film 5 is preferably formed using a material having a transmittance of 20% or more for a wavelength of at least 532 nm.
- Examples of the material of the back conductive film (transparent conductive film) 5 having a high transmittance include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), or antimony-doped tin oxide ( ATO) is preferably used.
- the film thickness of the transparent conductive film is set to 50 nm or more, the electrical characteristics (sheet resistance) required for the back surface conductive film 5 for the electrostatic chuck can be set to 100 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- an ITO film having a thickness of 100 nm has a transmittance of about 79.1% for a wavelength of 532 nm and a sheet resistance of 50 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the material of the back conductive film (transparent conductive film) 5 having a high transmittance it is preferable to use a metal simple substance of platinum (Pt), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), or copper (Cu).
- a metal compound containing at least one of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon as the metal can be used as long as desired transmittance and electrical characteristics are satisfied. Since these metal films have higher electrical conductivity than the above ITO or the like, they can be made thinner.
- the thickness of the metal film is preferably 50 nm or less and more preferably 20 nm or less from the viewpoint of transmittance.
- the film thickness of the metal film is preferably 2 nm or more from the viewpoint of stability during film formation.
- a 10.1 nm thick Pt film has a transmittance of 20.3% for a wavelength of 532 nm and a sheet resistance of 25.3 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the back surface conductive film 5 is a Pt film was prepared and evaluated. That is, the back surface conductive film 5 made of a Pt film is formed on the second main surface (back surface) of the SiO 2 —TiO 2 glass substrate 1 by a DC magnetron sputtering method using a Pt target in an Ar gas atmosphere at 5.2 nm, 10 nm Each film was formed with a thickness of 0.1 nm, 15.2 nm, and 20.0 nm, and four substrates with conductive films were prepared.
- the transmittance was measured by irradiating light having a wavelength of 532 nm from the second main surface (back surface) of the four substrates with conductive films produced, the transmittance was 39.8%, as shown in FIG.
- the substrates with conductive films having film thicknesses of 5.2 nm and 10.1 nm satisfy the transmittance of 20% or more, respectively, 20.3%, 10.9%, and 6.5%.
- the sheet resistance is 57.8 ⁇ / ⁇ , 25.3 ⁇ / ⁇ , 15.5 ⁇ / ⁇ , and 11.2 ⁇ / ⁇ , respectively, as measured by a four-terminal measurement method. It was something to satisfy.
- a reflective mask blank 100 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 described later, and then a reflective mask 200 was produced.
- a laser beam of an Nd-YAG laser having a wavelength of 532 nm is irradiated from the second main surface (back surface) side of the substrate 1 of the manufactured reflective mask 200, the back surface conductive film 5 is formed of a highly transparent Pt film. Therefore, the alignment error of the reflective mask 200 could be corrected.
- the back surface conductive film 5 may have a single layer film or a laminated structure of two or more layers. Or to improve the mechanical durability when performing electrostatic chuck, in order to or to improve the washing resistance, the top layer CrO, it is preferable to TaO or SiO 2.
- the uppermost layer may be an oxide film of the metal film, that is, PtO, AuO, AiO, or CuO.
- the thickness of the uppermost layer is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and even more preferably 10 nm or more. In the case where the back surface conductive film is a transparent conductive film, the material and film thickness satisfy the transmittance of 20% or more.
- an intermediate layer may be provided on the substrate side of the back conductive film 5.
- the intermediate layer can have a function of improving the adhesion between the substrate 1 and the back surface conductive film 5 or suppressing hydrogen from entering the back surface conductive film 5 from the substrate 1.
- vacuum ultraviolet light and ultraviolet light (wavelength: 130 to 400 nm) called out-of-band light when EUV light is used as an exposure source are transmitted through the substrate 1 and reflected by the back surface conductive film 5. The function which suppresses this can be given.
- Examples of the material of the intermediate layer include Si, SiO 2 , SiON, SiCO, SiCON, SiBO, SiBO, Cr, CrN, CrON, CrC, CrCN, CrCO, CrCON, Mo, MoSi, MoSiN, MoSiO, MoSiCO, MoSiON, Examples include MoSiCON, TaO, and TaON.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and even more preferably 10 nm or more. In the case where the back surface conductive film is a transparent conductive film, the material and film thickness satisfying a transmittance of 20% or more of the laminate of the intermediate layer and the transparent conductive film.
- the back surface conductive film 5 is required to have electrical characteristics (sheet resistance) and a desired transmittance when irradiating a laser beam from the back surface, in order to satisfy these requirements. If the thickness of the back conductive film 5 is reduced, another problem may occur.
- the multilayer reflective film 2 has a high compressive stress
- the first main surface side of the substrate 1 has a convex shape
- the second main surface (back surface) side has a concave shape.
- the stress is adjusted by annealing (heating treatment) of the multilayer reflective film 2 and the film formation of the back surface conductive film 5 so that a reflective mask blank having a flat surface or a slightly concave shape on the second main surface side is obtained as a whole.
- the second main surface (back surface) side of the substrate with the conductive film on which the back conductive film 5 is formed has a convex shape.
- the shape of the second main surface side of the substrate 1 before forming the back surface conductive film 5 is made convex.
- the back surface conductive film 5 made of a Pt film having a film thickness of about 10 nm or the like and having a small film stress is formed, and the multilayer reflective film 2 having a high compressive stress is formed. Even when the film is formed, the shape on the second main surface side can be a convex shape.
- a method of annealing at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. after forming the multilayer reflective film 2 can be mentioned. . It is particularly preferable to anneal at a high temperature of 210 ° C. or higher.
- the annealing resistance of the multilayer reflective film 2 can be improved, and high reflectivity can be maintained even when annealed at a high temperature. Therefore, the film stress of the multilayer reflective film 2 can be reduced by annealing at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. after the multilayer reflective film 2 is formed by Kr sputtering. In this case, even when the back surface conductive film 5 having a small film stress composed of a Pt film or the like having a film thickness of about 10 nm is formed, the shape on the second main surface side can be a convex shape.
- the first method and the second method may be combined.
- the back surface conductive film 5 is a transparent conductive film such as an ITO film
- the film thickness can be increased. Therefore, the second main surface (back surface) side of the substrate with the conductive film can be formed into a convex shape by increasing the thickness within a range that satisfies the electrical characteristics.
- an intermediate layer may be provided on the substrate side of the back surface conductive film 5 in order to solve the above-described problem that occurs when the back surface conductive film (transparent conductive film) 5 is thin.
- the intermediate layer has a stress adjusting function and can obtain a desired transmittance (for example, 20% or more at a wavelength of 532 nm) when combined with the transparent conductive film.
- Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include Si 3 N 4 and SiO 2 . Since Si 3 N 4 has a high transmittance with respect to a wavelength of 532 nm, there is less restriction on the film thickness compared to other materials, and for example, it is possible to adjust the stress in a film thickness range of 1 to 200 nm.
- FIG. 9 shows a case where the back surface conductive film 5 on the back surface of the substrate 1 is a Pt film having a film thickness of 10 nm and the intermediate layer is a Si 3 N 4 film, and light having a wavelength of 532 nm is irradiated from the back surface conductive film 5 side. The change in transmittance with respect to the change in the film thickness of the intermediate layer was investigated. The same applies to FIGS.
- FIG. 10 shows the change in transmittance with respect to the change in thickness of the intermediate layer when the back surface conductive film 5 is a Pt film having a thickness of 10 nm and the intermediate layer is a SiO 2 film. According to this, since the intermediate layer has a transmittance of 20% or more in the range up to at least 100 nm, it is possible to adjust the stress in this range.
- the thickness of the back surface conductive film 5 made of a metal film is preferably 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less from the viewpoint of ensuring conductivity and transmittance. .
- a Ta-based oxide film and a Cr-based oxide film having a small extinction coefficient can be used as the material for the intermediate layer.
- the Ta-based oxide film include TaO, TaON, TaCON, TaBO, TaBON, and TaBCON.
- the Cr-based oxide film include CrO, CrON, CrCON, CrBO, CrBON, and CrBOCN.
- the material of the intermediate layer may be an oxide film of the metal film of the back surface conductive film 5, that is, PtO, AuO, AiO, or CuO.
- FIG. 11 shows the change in transmittance with respect to the change in film thickness of the intermediate layer when the back conductive film 5 is a Pt film having a thickness of 5 nm and the intermediate layer is a TaBO film. According to this, since the intermediate layer has a transmittance of 20% or more in the range up to 58 nm, the stress can be adjusted in this range.
- FIG. 12 shows the change in transmittance with respect to the change in the thickness of the intermediate layer when the back conductive film 5 is a Pt film having a thickness of 5 nm and the intermediate layer is a CrOCN film. According to this, since the intermediate layer has a transmittance of 20% or more in the range up to at least 100 nm, it is possible to adjust the stress in this range.
- the film thickness of the back surface conductive film 5 made of a metal film is 2 nm or more from the viewpoint of ensuring conductivity and transmittance.
- the thickness is preferably 5 nm or less.
- the back surface conductive film 5 was a Pt film having a thickness of 10 nm, and a sample was prepared and evaluated when an intermediate layer made of a Si 3 N 4 film was provided between the substrate 1 and the Pt film.
- Si 3 is formed by reactive sputtering (RF sputtering) in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar gas and N 2 gas using a Si target on the second main surface (back surface) of the SiO 2 —TiO 2 glass substrate 1.
- An intermediate layer made of N 4 film was formed to a thickness of 90 nm.
- the back surface conductive film 5 made of a Pt film was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by a DC magnetron sputtering method using a Pt target in an Ar gas atmosphere to produce a substrate with a conductive film.
- the transmittance was measured by irradiating light with a wavelength of 532 nm from the second main surface (back surface) of the produced conductive film-coated substrate, it was 21%.
- the sheet resistance was 25 ⁇ / ⁇ as measured by a four-terminal measurement method.
- a reflective mask blank 100 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 described later for a substrate with a conductive film in which a Si 3 N 4 film and a Pt film were laminated. As a result of measuring the flatness of the back surface of the reflective mask blank 100 using a flatness measuring apparatus utilizing optical interference, it was confirmed that the convex shape had a flatness of 95 nm.
- the flatness of the back surface of the reflective mask blank was measured when the back surface conductive film of the Pt film having a thickness of 10 nm was provided without providing the intermediate layer made of the Si 3 N 4 film, the flat shape of the concave shape was 401 nm. It was confirmed that the Si 3 N 4 film had a stress adjusting function.
- a reflective mask 200 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 described later.
- a laser beam of an Nd-YAG laser having a wavelength of 532 nm is irradiated from the second main surface (back surface) side of the substrate 1 of the manufactured reflective mask 200, the intermediate layer and the back surface conductive film 5 have high transmittance Si 3 N. Since the four films and the Pt film are used, the alignment error of the reflective mask 200 can be corrected.
- a reflective mask blank 100 is prepared, and a resist film is formed on the absorber film 4 on the first main surface (not required if a resist film is provided as the reflective mask blank 100).
- a predetermined resist pattern is formed by drawing (exposure), developing, and rinsing.
- the absorber film 4 is etched using this resist pattern as a mask to form an absorber pattern, and the resist pattern is removed by ashing or resist stripping solution to form the absorber pattern. Is done. Finally, wet cleaning using an acidic or alkaline aqueous solution is performed.
- etching gas for the absorber film 4 chlorine-based gas such as Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , and BCl 3 , a mixed gas containing chlorine-based gas and He at a predetermined ratio, chlorine A mixed gas containing a system gas and Ar in a predetermined ratio is used.
- the Ru-based protective film does not become rough.
- the gas substantially free of oxygen corresponds to a gas having an oxygen content of 5 atomic% or less.
- a desired transfer pattern based on the absorber pattern on the reflective mask 200 is reduced on the semiconductor substrate due to the shadowing effect. And can be formed. Further, since the absorber pattern is a fine and highly accurate pattern with little sidewall roughness, a desired pattern can be formed on the semiconductor substrate with high dimensional accuracy.
- a semiconductor device in which a desired electronic circuit is formed can be manufactured through various processes such as etching of a film to be processed, formation of an insulating film and a conductive film, introduction of a dopant, and annealing. it can.
- the EUV exposure apparatus includes a laser plasma light source that generates EUV light, an illumination optical system, a mask stage system, a reduction projection optical system, a wafer stage system, and a vacuum facility.
- the light source is provided with a debris trap function, a cut filter that cuts light of a long wavelength other than exposure light, and equipment for vacuum differential evacuation.
- the illumination optical system and the reduction projection optical system are composed of reflection type mirrors.
- the EUV exposure reflective mask 200 is electrostatically adsorbed by the conductive film formed on the second main surface thereof and placed on the mask stage.
- the light from the EUV light source is applied to the reflective mask through an illumination optical system at an angle of 6 ° to 8 ° with respect to the vertical surface of the reflective mask.
- the reflected light from the reflective mask 200 with respect to this incident light is reflected (regular reflection) in the opposite direction to the incident angle and at the same angle as the incident angle, and is usually guided to a reflective projection optical system having a reduction ratio of 1/4.
- the resist on the wafer (semiconductor substrate) placed on the wafer stage is exposed. During this time, at least the place where EUV light passes is evacuated.
- a resist pattern can be formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- a mask having a high-accuracy absorber pattern which is a thin film with a small shadowing effect and has little sidewall roughness is used. For this reason, the resist pattern formed on the semiconductor substrate becomes a desired one having high dimensional accuracy.
- etching or the like using this resist pattern as a mask, for example, a predetermined wiring pattern can be formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- a semiconductor device is manufactured through such other necessary processes such as an exposure process, a processed film processing process, an insulating film or conductive film formation process, a dopant introduction process, or an annealing process.
- the reflective mask blank 100 of Example 1 includes a back surface conductive film 5, a substrate 1, a multilayer reflective film 2, a protective film 3, and an absorber film 4.
- the absorber film 4 is made of a material containing an amorphous alloy of NiTa.
- a resist film 11 is formed on the absorber film 4.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an essential part showing a process of manufacturing the reflective mask 200 from the reflective mask blank 100.
- a SiO 2 —TiO 2 glass substrate which is a low thermal expansion glass substrate of 6025 size (about 152 mm ⁇ 152 mm ⁇ 6.35 mm), in which both main surfaces of the first main surface and the second main surface are polished, did. Polishing including a rough polishing process, a precision polishing process, a local processing process, and a touch polishing process was performed so as to obtain a flat and smooth main surface.
- a back conductive film 5 made of a CrN film was formed on the second main surface (back surface) of the SiO 2 —TiO 2 glass substrate 1 by a magnetron sputtering (reactive sputtering) method under the following conditions.
- Back surface conductive film formation conditions Cr target, mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 (Ar: 90%, N: 10%), film thickness 20 nm.
- the multilayer reflective film 2 was formed on the main surface (first main surface) of the substrate 1 opposite to the side on which the back conductive film 5 was formed.
- the multilayer reflective film 2 formed on the substrate 1 was a periodic multilayer reflective film made of Mo and Si in order to obtain a multilayer reflective film suitable for EUV light having a wavelength of 13.5 nm.
- the multilayer reflective film 2 was formed by alternately stacking Mo layers and Si layers on the substrate 1 by an ion beam sputtering method in an Ar gas atmosphere using a Mo target and a Si target. First, a Si film was formed with a thickness of 4.2 nm, and then a Mo film was formed with a thickness of 2.8 nm.
- a protective film 3 made of a Ru film was formed to a thickness of 2.5 nm by an ion beam sputtering method using a Ru target in an Ar gas atmosphere.
- an absorber film 4 made of a NiTa film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the NiTa film was formed to a thickness of 39.8 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a NiTa target.
- the element ratio of the NiTa film was 80 atomic% for Ni and 20 atomic% for Ta. Further, when the crystal structure of the NiTa film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure.
- the refractive index n of the NiTa film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 0.947, and the extinction coefficient k was about 0.063.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the absorber film 4 made of the NiTa film was 0.11% because the film thickness was 39.8 nm (FIG. 3).
- the reflective mask 200 of Example 1 was manufactured using the reflective mask blank 100 of Example 1 above.
- the resist film 11 was formed with a thickness of 150 nm on the absorber film 4 of the reflective mask blank 100 (FIG. 2A). Then, a desired pattern was drawn (exposed) on the resist film 11, and further developed and rinsed to form a predetermined resist pattern 11a (FIG. 2B). Next, using the resist pattern 11a as a mask, dry etching of the NiTa film (absorber film 4) was performed using Cl 2 gas to form the absorber pattern 4a (FIG. 2C).
- the resist pattern 11a was removed by ashing or resist stripping solution.
- wet cleaning using pure water (DIW) was performed to manufacture the reflective mask 200 (FIG. 2D). If necessary, a mask defect inspection can be performed after wet cleaning, and mask defect correction can be performed as appropriate.
- the reflective mask 200 of Example 1 it was confirmed that a pattern as designed could be drawn even when electron beam drawing was performed on the resist film 11 on the NiTa film. Further, since the NiTa film is an amorphous alloy, the processability with chlorine-based gas is good, and the absorber pattern 4a can be formed with high accuracy.
- the film thickness of the absorber pattern 4a is 39.8 nm, which can be made thinner than the absorber film formed of a conventional Ta-based material, and the shadowing effect can be reduced.
- the reflective mask 200 produced in Example 1 was set in an EUV scanner, and EUV exposure was performed on a wafer having a film to be processed and a resist film formed on a semiconductor substrate. Then, by developing the exposed resist film, a resist pattern was formed on the semiconductor substrate on which the film to be processed was formed.
- the resist pattern is transferred to a film to be processed by etching, and a semiconductor device having desired characteristics can be manufactured through various processes such as formation of an insulating film and a conductive film, introduction of a dopant, and annealing. did it.
- Example 2 is an example in which the absorber film 4 is made of an amorphous alloy of NiZr, and other than that is the same as Example 1.
- the absorber film 4 made of a NiZr film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the NiZr film was formed to a thickness of 53.9 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a NiZr target.
- the element ratio of the NiZr film was 80 atomic% for Ni and 20 atomic% for Zr. Further, when the crystal structure of the NiZr film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure.
- the refractive index n of the NiZr film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 0.952, and the extinction coefficient k was about 0.049.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the absorber film 4 made of the NiZr film was 0.12% because the film thickness was 53.9 nm (FIG. 4).
- Example 1 when the reflective mask 200 and the semiconductor device of Example 2 were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, good results were obtained as in Example 1.
- Example 3 is an example in which the absorber film 4 is made of NiP amorphous metal, and other than that is the same as Example 1.
- the absorber film 4 made of a NiP film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the NiP film was formed with a thickness of 46.4 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a NiP target.
- the element ratio of the NiP film was 79.5 atomic% for Ni and 20.5 atomic% for P. Further, when the crystal structure of the NiP film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure.
- the NiP film had a refractive index n of about 0.956 and an extinction coefficient k of about 0.056 at a wavelength of 13.5 nm.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the absorber film 4 made of the NiP film was 0.13% because the film thickness was 46.4 nm (FIG. 5).
- Example 1 when the reflective mask 200 and the semiconductor device of Example 3 were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, good results were obtained as in Example 1.
- Example 4 In Example 4, a reflective mask blank 300 provided with an etching mask film 6 was used as shown in FIG.
- Example 4 is an example in which the absorber film 4 is made of an amorphous CoTa alloy, and an etching mask film 6 made of a CrN film is provided on the absorber film 4. Otherwise, the example is the same as in Example 1. is there.
- the absorber film 4 made of a CoTa film was formed by the DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the CoTa film was formed with a thickness of 40.4 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a CoTa target.
- the element ratio of the CoTa film was 80 atomic% for Co and 20 atomic% for Ta. Further, when the crystal structure of the CoTa film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure.
- the CoTa film had a refractive index n of about 0.936 at a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an extinction coefficient k of about 0.059.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the absorber film 4 made of the above CoTa film was 0.18% because the film thickness was 40.4 nm (FIG. 6).
- a CrN film was formed as an etching mask film 6 on the manufactured substrate with an absorber film by the magnetron sputtering (reactive sputtering) method under the following conditions to obtain a reflective mask blank 300 of Example 4.
- Etching mask film formation conditions Cr target, mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 (Ar: 90%, N: 10%), film thickness 10 nm.
- a reflective mask 400 of Example 4 was manufactured using the reflective mask blank 300 of Example 4.
- a resist film 11 was formed to a thickness of 100 nm on the etching mask film 6 of the reflective mask blank 300 (FIG. 14A). Then, a desired pattern was drawn (exposed) on the resist film 11, and further developed and rinsed to form a predetermined resist pattern 11a (FIG. 14B). Next, by using the resist pattern 11a as a mask, dry etching of the CrN film (etching mask film 6) is performed using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 (Cl 2 + O 2 gas), whereby an etching mask pattern is obtained. 6a was formed (FIG. 14 (c)). Subsequently, the CoTa film (absorber film 4) was dry-etched using Cl 2 gas to form the absorber pattern 4a. The resist pattern 11a was removed by ashing or resist stripping solution (FIG. 14D).
- the etching mask pattern 6a was removed by dry etching using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 (FIG. 14E). Finally, wet cleaning using pure water (DIW) was performed to manufacture the reflective mask 400 of Example 4.
- DIW pure water
- the etching mask film 6 was formed on the absorber film 4, the absorber film 4 could be easily etched. Further, the resist film 11 for forming the transfer pattern can be thinned, and the reflective mask 400 having a fine pattern is obtained.
- the reflective mask 400 of Example 4 it was confirmed that a pattern as designed could be drawn even when electron beam drawing was performed on the resist film 11 on the CoTa film. Moreover, since the CoTa film is an amorphous alloy and the etching mask film 6 is provided on the absorber film 4, the absorber pattern 4a can be formed with high accuracy.
- the film thickness of the absorber pattern 4a is 40.4 nm, which can be made thinner than an absorber film formed of a conventional Ta-based material, and the shadowing effect can be reduced.
- the reflective mask 400 produced in Example 4 was set in an EUV scanner, and EUV exposure was performed on a wafer on which a processed film and a resist film were formed on a semiconductor substrate. Then, by developing the exposed resist film, a resist pattern was formed on the semiconductor substrate on which the film to be processed was formed.
- the resist pattern is transferred to a film to be processed by etching, and a semiconductor device having desired characteristics can be manufactured through various processes such as formation of an insulating film and a conductive film, introduction of a dopant, and annealing. did it.
- Example 5 is an example in which the absorber film 4 is made of a CoNb amorphous alloy, and is otherwise the same as Example 4.
- the absorber film 4 made of a CoNb film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the CoNb film was formed to a thickness of 47.9 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a CoNb target.
- the element ratio of the CoNb film was 80 atomic% for Co and 20 atomic% for Nb. Further, when the crystal structure of the CoNb film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure.
- the CoNb film had a refractive index n of about 0.933 and an extinction coefficient k of about 0.048 at a wavelength of 13.5 nm.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the absorber film 4 made of the above CoNb film was 0.18% because the film thickness was 47.9 nm (FIG. 7).
- Example 4 when the reflective mask and the semiconductor device of Example 5 were manufactured as in Example 4, good results were obtained as in Example 4.
- Example 6 In Example 6, as shown in FIG. 13, a reflective mask blank 300 provided with an etching mask film 6 was used.
- Example 6 is an example in which the protective film 3 is a RuNb film, the absorber film 4 is an NiTa amorphous alloy, and an etching mask film 6 made of a CrN film is provided on the absorber film 4.
- a protective film 3 was formed on a substrate with a multilayer reflective film on which the back conductive film 5 and the multilayer reflective film 2 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the protective film 3 was formed as a RuNb film having a thickness of 2.5 nm by an ion beam sputtering method using a RuNb target in an Ar gas atmosphere.
- an absorber film 4 made of a NiTa film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the NiTa film was formed to a thickness of 40 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a NiTa target.
- the elemental composition of the NiTa film was 50 atomic% for Ni and 50 atomic% for Ta. Further, when the crystal structure of the NiTa film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure. Further, the refractive index n of the NiTa film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 0.951, and the extinction coefficient k was about 0.049. Further, the reflectance of the absorber film 4 made of the NiTa film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was 1.1%.
- a CrN film was formed as an etching mask film 6 on the manufactured substrate with an absorber film by a magnetron sputtering (reactive sputtering) method.
- the CrN film was formed with a film thickness of 10 nm in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 using a Cr target.
- Cr was 90 atomic% and N was 10 atomic%.
- the reflective mask blank 300 of Example 6 was manufactured.
- a reflective mask 400 of Example 6 was manufactured using the reflective mask blank 300 of Example 6 above.
- a resist film 11 was formed to a thickness of 100 nm on the etching mask film 6 of the reflective mask blank 300 (FIG. 14A). Then, a desired pattern was drawn (exposed) on the resist film 11, and further developed and rinsed to form a predetermined resist pattern 11a (FIG. 14B). Next, by using the resist pattern 11a as a mask, dry etching of the CrN film (etching mask film 6) is performed using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 (Cl 2 + O 2 gas), whereby an etching mask pattern is obtained. 6a was formed (FIG. 14 (c)).
- the etching mask pattern 6a was removed by dry etching using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 (FIG. 14E). Finally, wet cleaning using pure water (DIW) was performed to manufacture the reflective mask 400 of Example 6.
- the etching mask film 6 was formed on the absorber film 4, the absorber film 4 could be easily etched. Further, the resist film 11 for forming the transfer pattern can be thinned, and the reflective mask 400 having a fine pattern is obtained.
- the reflective mask 400 of Example 6 it was confirmed that a pattern as designed could be drawn even when electron beam drawing was performed on the resist film 11 on the NiTa film. Moreover, since the NiTa film is an amorphous alloy and the etching mask film 6 is provided on the absorber film 4, the absorber pattern 4a can be formed with high accuracy. Moreover, the film thickness of the absorber pattern 4a is 40 nm, which can be made thinner than the absorber film formed of a conventional Ta-based material, and the shadowing effect can be reduced.
- the reflective mask 400 produced in Example 6 was set in an EUV scanner, and EUV exposure was performed on a wafer on which a processed film and a resist film were formed on a semiconductor substrate. Then, by developing the exposed resist film, a resist pattern was formed on the semiconductor substrate on which the film to be processed was formed.
- the resist pattern is transferred to a film to be processed by etching, and a semiconductor device having desired characteristics can be manufactured through various processes such as formation of an insulating film and a conductive film, introduction of a dopant, and annealing. did it.
- Example 7 is an example in which the composition ratio of the NiTa film of Example 6 is changed, and is otherwise the same as Example 6.
- the absorber film 4 made of a NiTa film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the NiTa film was formed to a thickness of 40 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a NiTa target.
- the elemental composition of the NiTa film was 25 atomic% for Ni and 75 atomic% for Ta. Further, when the crystal structure of the NiTa film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure. Further, the refractive index n of the NiTa film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 0.951, and the extinction coefficient k was about 0.040. In addition, the reflectance of the absorber film 4 made of the NiTa film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was 2.3%.
- Example 6 when the reflective mask 400 of Example 7 was produced, the etching selectivity was higher than that of Example 6, and the etching time could be shortened. Further, when the semiconductor device of Example 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6, good results were obtained as in Example 6.
- Example 8 is an example in which the absorber film 4 is made of an amorphous alloy of CoTaN, and other than that is the same as Example 6.
- the absorber film 4 made of a CoTaN film was formed by DC magnetron sputtering.
- the CoTaN film was formed with a thickness of 40 nm by reactive sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 using a CoTa target.
- the elemental composition of the CoTaN film was 40 atomic% Co, 40 atomic% Ta, and 20 atomic% N. Further, when the crystal structure of the CoTaN film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure. Further, when the film thickness of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the CoTaN film was measured using the X-ray reflectivity method (XRR), it was 1.5 nm. The refractive index n of the CoTaN film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 0.950, and the extinction coefficient k was about 0.047. Further, the reflectance of the absorber film 4 made of the above CoTaN film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was 1.1%.
- Example 6 As in Example 6, when the reflective mask and semiconductor device of Example 8 were manufactured, good results were obtained as in Example 6.
- Example 9 is an example in the case where the etching gas for the absorber film 4 is changed. Otherwise, Example 9 is the same as Example 8.
- the resist film 11 was formed with a thickness of 100 nm on the etching mask film 6 of the reflective mask blank 300 (FIG. 14A). Then, a desired pattern was drawn (exposed) on the resist film 11, and further developed and rinsed to form a predetermined resist pattern 11a (FIG. 14B). Next, by using the resist pattern 11a as a mask, dry etching of the CrN film (etching mask film 6) is performed using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 (Cl 2 + O 2 gas), whereby an etching mask pattern is obtained. 6a was formed (FIG. 14 (c)).
- Example 8 when the reflective mask and semiconductor device of Example 9 were manufactured, good results were obtained as with Example 8. Moreover, the etching time of the absorber film 4 could be shortened compared with Example 8.
- Example 10 a reflective mask blank 500 provided with an etching stopper film 7 and an etching mask film 6 was used as shown in FIG.
- the absorber film 4 is made of CoTa amorphous alloy
- an etching stopper film 7 made of CrN film is provided under the absorber film 4
- an etching mask film 6 made of CrN film is provided on the absorber film 4. This is an example of the case.
- a CrN film as the etching stopper film 7 is magnetron sputtered (reactive sputtering) on the substrate with the protective film on which the back surface conductive film 5, the multilayer reflective film 2, and the protective film 3 formed in the same manner as in Example 6. ) Method.
- the CrN film was formed with a film thickness of 5 nm in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 using a Cr target.
- Cr was 90 atomic% and N was 10 atomic%.
- the absorber film 4 made of a CoTa film was formed by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the CoTa film was formed to a thickness of 40 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a CoTa target.
- the elemental composition of the CoTa film was 75 atomic% Co and 25 atomic% Ta. Further, when the crystal structure of the CoTa film was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), it was an amorphous structure.
- the CoTa film had a refractive index n of about 0.952 and an extinction coefficient k of about 0.040 at a wavelength of 13.5 nm.
- the reflectance of the absorber film 4 made of the above CoTa film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was 2.4%.
- a CrN film was formed as an etching mask film 6 on the manufactured substrate with an absorber film by a magnetron sputtering (reactive sputtering) method.
- the absorber film 4 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 using a Cr target.
- Cr was 90 atomic% and N was 10 atomic%.
- the reflective mask blank 500 of Example 10 was obtained.
- a reflective mask 600 was manufactured using the reflective mask blank 500 of Example 10 above.
- a resist film 11 was formed with a thickness of 80 nm (FIG. 16A). Then, a desired pattern was drawn (exposed) on the resist film 11, and further developed and rinsed to form a predetermined resist pattern 11a (FIG. 16B). Next, by using the resist pattern 11a as a mask, dry etching of the CrN film (etching mask film 6) is performed using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 (Cl 2 + O 2 gas), whereby an etching mask pattern is obtained. 6a was formed (FIG. 16C).
- the etching stopper film 7 was patterned by dry etching using a mixed gas of Cl 2 gas and O 2 , and the etching mask pattern 6a was simultaneously removed (FIG. 16E). Finally, wet cleaning using pure water (DIW) was performed to manufacture the reflective mask 600 of Example 10.
- Example 10 since the etching stopper film 7 was formed under the absorber film 4, the absorber film 4 could be easily etched without damaging the protective film 3. Further, the resist film 11 for forming the transfer pattern can be thinned, and a reflective mask 600 having a fine pattern is obtained.
- the reflective mask 600 of Example 10 it was confirmed that a pattern as designed could be drawn even when electron beam drawing was performed on the resist film 11 on the CoTa film.
- the CoTa film is an amorphous alloy and the etching mask film 6 and the etching stopper film 7 are provided above and below the absorber film 4, the absorber pattern 4a can be formed with high accuracy without damaging the protective film 3.
- the film thickness of the absorber pattern 4a is 40 nm, which can be made thinner than the absorber film formed of a conventional Ta-based material, and the shadowing effect can be reduced.
- Example 11 is an example in which the etching stopper film 7 and the etching mask film 6 of Example 10 are each changed to a SiO 2 film, and the etching gas of the absorber film 4 is changed. Is the same.
- a SiO 2 film is formed by RF sputtering as an etching stopper film 7 on the substrate with the protective film on which the back surface conductive film 5, the multilayer reflective film 2 and the protective film 3 formed in the same manner as in Example 6 are formed. did.
- the SiO 2 film was formed to a thickness of 5 nm in an Ar gas atmosphere using a SiO 2 target.
- the elemental composition of the etching stopper film 7 was measured by Rutherford backscattering analysis, it was confirmed to be SiO 2 .
- an absorber film 4 made of a CoTa film was formed by DC magnetron sputtering.
- the CoTa film was formed to a thickness of 40 nm by reactive sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere using a CoTa target.
- An SiO 2 film was formed as an etching mask film 6 on the manufactured substrate with an absorber film by an RF sputtering method.
- the SiO 2 film was formed to a thickness of 5 nm in an Ar gas atmosphere using a SiO 2 target.
- the elemental composition of the etching mask film 6 was measured by Rutherford backscattering analysis, it was confirmed to be SiO 2 .
- the reflective mask blank 500 of Example 11 was obtained.
- a resist film 11 having a thickness of 80 nm was formed on the etching mask film 6 of the reflective mask blank 500 of Example 11 (FIG. 16A). Then, a desired pattern was drawn (exposed) on the resist film 11, and further developed and rinsed to form a predetermined resist pattern 11a (FIG. 16B). Next, by using the resist pattern 11a as a mask, dry etching of the SiO 2 film (etching mask film 6) is performed using a fluorine-containing gas (specifically, CF 4 gas), thereby forming the etching mask pattern 6a. It formed (FIG.16 (c)).
- a fluorine-containing gas specifically, CF 4 gas
- the etching stopper film 7 was patterned by dry etching using CF 4 gas, and the etching mask pattern 6a was simultaneously removed (FIG. 16E). Finally, wet cleaning using pure water (DIW) was performed to manufacture a reflective mask 600 of Example 11.
- DIW pure water
- Example 10 when a semiconductor device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10, good results were obtained as in Example 10.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, a reflective mask blank and a reflective mask were manufactured by the same structure and method as in Example 1 except that a single layer TaBN film was used as the absorber film 4, and the same as in Example 1 The semiconductor device was manufactured by this method.
- a single-layer TaBN film was formed on the protective film 3 having the mask blank structure of Example 1 instead of the NiTa film.
- the TaBN film was formed to a thickness of 62 nm by reactive sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar gas and N 2 gas using a TaB mixed sintered target.
- the element ratio of the TaBN film was 75 atomic% for Ta, 12 atomic% for B, and 13 atomic% for N.
- the refractive index n of the TaBN film at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 0.949, and the extinction coefficient k was about 0.030.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the absorber film made of the single-layer TaBN film was 1.4%.
- a resist film was formed on the absorber film made of a TaBN film by the same method as in Example 1, and a desired pattern was drawn (exposure), developed, and rinsed to form a resist pattern. Then, using this resist pattern as a mask, the absorber film made of a TaBN film was dry-etched using chlorine gas to form an absorber pattern. Resist pattern removal, mask cleaning, and the like were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to manufacture a reflective mask of Comparative Example 1.
- the film thickness of the absorber pattern was 62 nm, and the shadowing effect could not be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
基板上に、多層反射膜及び吸収体膜をこの順で有する反射型マスクブランクであって、
前記吸収体膜は、コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素を含有するアモルファス金属を含む材料からなることを特徴とする反射型マスクブランク。
前記アモルファス金属は、前記コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素に、タングステン(W)、ニオブ(Nb)、タンタル(Ta)、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、イットリウム(Y)及びリン(P)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素を添加したものであることを特徴とする構成1に記載の反射型マスクブランク。
前記アモルファス金属は、前記コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素に、タンタル(Ta)を添加したものであり、前記タンタル(Ta)の含有量は、10原子%以上90原子%以下であることを特徴とする構成1又は2に記載の反射型マスクブランク。
前記多層反射膜と前記吸収体膜との間に、保護膜を有することを特徴とする構成1乃至3の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランク。
前記吸収体膜の上に、エッチングマスク膜を有し、前記エッチングマスク膜は、クロム(Cr)を含む材料又はケイ素(Si)を含む材料を含む材料からなることを特徴とする構成1乃至4の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランク。
前記保護膜と前記吸収体膜との間に、エッチングストッパー膜を有し、前記エッチングストッパー膜は、クロム(Cr)を含む材料又はケイ素(Si)を含む材料からなることを特徴とする構成4又は5に記載の反射型マスクブランク。
構成1乃至6の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランクにおける前記吸収体膜がパターニングされた吸収体パターンを有することを特徴とする反射型マスク。
構成1乃至6の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランクの前記吸収体膜を、塩素系ガスを用いたドライエッチングでパターニングして吸収体パターンを形成することを特徴とする反射型マスクの製造方法。
構成1乃至6の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランクの前記吸収体膜を、第1の塩素系ガスと、該第1の塩素系ガスとは異なる第2の塩素系ガスとを用いたドライエッチングでパターニングして吸収体パターンを形成することを特徴とする反射型マスクの製造方法。
EUV光を発する露光光源を有する露光装置に、構成7に記載の反射型マスクをセットし、被転写基板上に形成されているレジスト膜に転写パターンを転写する工程を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
図1は、本発明に係る反射型マスクブランクの構成を説明するための要部断面模式図である。同図に示されるように、反射型マスクブランク100は、基板1と、第1主面(表面)側に形成された露光光であるEUV光を反射する多層反射膜2と、当該多層反射膜2を保護するために設けられ、後述する吸収体膜4をパターニングする際に使用するエッチャントや、洗浄液に対して耐性を有する材料で形成される保護膜3と、EUV光を吸収する吸収体膜4とを有し、これらがこの順で積層されるものである。また、基板1の第2主面(裏面)側には、静電チャック用の裏面導電膜5が形成される。
<<基板>>
基板1は、EUV光による露光時の熱による吸収体パターンの歪みを防止するため、0±5ppb/℃の範囲内の低熱膨張係数を有するものが好ましく用いられる。この範囲の低熱膨張係数を有する素材としては、例えば、SiO2-TiO2系ガラス、多成分系ガラスセラミックス等を用いることができる。
多層反射膜2は、反射型マスクにおいて、EUV光を反射する機能を付与するものであり、屈折率の異なる元素を主成分とする各層が周期的に積層された多層膜の構成となっている。
保護膜3は、後述する反射型マスクの製造工程におけるドライエッチング及び洗浄から多層反射膜2を保護するために、多層反射膜2の上に形成される。また、電子線(EB)を用いた吸収体パターンの黒欠陥修正の際の多層反射膜2の保護も兼ね備える。ここで、図1では保護膜3が1層の場合を示しているが、3層以上の積層構造とすることもできる。例えば、最下層と最上層を、上記Ruを含有する物質からなる層とし、最下層と最上層との間に、Ru以外の金属、若しくは合金を介在させた保護膜3としても構わない。例えば、保護膜3は、ルテニウムを主成分として含む材料により構成されることもできる。すなわち、保護膜3の材料は、Ru金属単体でもよいし、Ruにチタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、モリブデン(Mo)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、イットリウム(Y)、ホウ素(B)、ランタン(La)、コバルト(Co)、及びレニウム(Re)などから選択される少なくとも1種の金属を含有したRu合金であってよく、窒素を含んでいても構わない。このような保護膜3は、特に、吸収体膜4をCo-Xアモルファス金属材料、Ni-Xアモルファス金属材料又はCoNi-Xアモルファス金属材料とし、塩素系ガス(Cl系ガス)のドライエッチングで当該吸収体膜4をパターニングする場合に有効である。保護膜3は、塩素系ガスを用いたドライエッチングにおける保護膜3に対する吸収体膜4のエッチング選択比(吸収体膜4のエッチング速度/保護膜3のエッチング速度)が1.5以上、好ましくは3以上となる材料で形成されることが好ましい。
保護膜3の上に、EUV光を吸収する吸収体膜4が形成される。吸収体膜4は、EUV光を吸収する機能を有し、ドライエッチングにより加工が可能な材料として、コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素を含有するアモルファス金属を含む材料からなる。吸収体膜4をコバルト(Co)及び/又はニッケル(Ni)を含む構成とすることにより、消衰係数kを0.035以上とすることができ、吸収体膜の薄膜化が可能となる。また、吸収体膜4をアモルファス金属とすることにより、エッチング速度を速めたり、パターン形状を良好にしたり加工特性を向上させることが可能となる。
吸収体膜4の上には、図13に示すように、エッチングマスク膜6を形成してもよい。エッチングマスク膜6の材料としては、エッチングマスク膜6に対する吸収体膜4のエッチング選択比が高い材料を用いる。ここで、「Aに対するBのエッチング選択比」とは、エッチングを行いたくない層(マスクとなる層)であるAとエッチングを行いたい層であるBとのエッチングレートの比をいう。具体的には「Aに対するBのエッチング選択比=Bのエッチング速度/Aのエッチング速度」の式によって特定される。また、「選択比が高い」とは、比較対象に対して、上記定義の選択比の値が大きいことをいう。エッチングマスク膜6に対する吸収体膜4のエッチング選択比は、1.5以上が好ましく、3以上が更に好ましい。
また、図15に示すように、保護膜3と吸収体膜4との間に、エッチングストッパー膜7を形成してもよい。エッチングストッパー膜7の材料として、塩素系ガスを用いたドライエッチングにおけるエッチングストッパー膜7に対する吸収体膜4のエッチング選択比(吸収体膜4のエッチング速度/エッチングストッパー膜7のエッチング速度)が高い材料を用いることが好ましい。このような材料としては、クロム及びクロム化合物の材料が挙げられる。クロム化合物としては、Crと、N、O、C及びHから選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素とを含む材料が挙げられる。クロム化合物としては、例えば、CrN、CrON、CrCN、CrCON、CrBN、CrBON、CrBCN及びCrBOCN等が挙げられる。塩素系ガスでのエッチング選択比を上げるためには、実質的に酸素を含まない材料とすることが好ましい。実質的に酸素を含まないクロム化合物として、例えばCrN、CrCN、CrBN及びCrBCN等が挙げられる。クロム化合物のCr含有量は、50原子%以上100原子%未満であることが好ましく、80原子%以上100原子%未満であることがより好ましい。なお、エッチングストッパー膜の材料は、本発明の効果が得られる範囲で、クロム以外の金属を含有することができる。
基板1の第2主面(裏面)側(多層反射膜2形成面の反対側)には、一般的に、静電チャック用の裏面導電膜5が形成される。静電チャック用の裏面導電膜5に求められる電気的特性(シート抵抗)は通常100Ω/□(Ω/Square)以下である。裏面導電膜5の形成方法は、例えばマグネトロンスパッタリング法やイオンビームスパッタリング法により、クロム、タンタル等の金属や合金のターゲットを使用して形成することができる。
本実施形態の反射型マスクブランク100を使用して、反射型マスクを製造する。ここでは概要説明のみを行い、後に実施例において図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
上記本実施形態の反射型マスク200を使用してEUV露光を行うことにより、半導体基板上に反射型マスク200上の吸収体パターンに基づく所望の転写パターンを、シャドーイング効果による転写寸法精度の低下を抑えて形成することができる。また、吸収体パターンが、側壁ラフネスの少ない微細で高精度なパターンであるため、高い寸法精度で所望のパターンを半導体基板上に形成できる。このリソグラフィ工程に加え、被加工膜のエッチング、絶縁膜及び導電膜の形成、ドーパントの導入、並びにアニールなど種々の工程を経ることで、所望の電子回路が形成された半導体装置を製造することができる。
実施例1の反射型マスクブランク100は、図1に示すように、裏面導電膜5と、基板1と、多層反射膜2と、保護膜3と、吸収体膜4とを有する。吸収体膜4はNiTaのアモルファス合金を含む材料からなる。そして、図2(a)に示されるように、吸収体膜4上にレジスト膜11を形成する。図2は、反射型マスクブランク100から反射型マスク200を作製する工程を示す要部断面模式図である。
裏面導電膜形成条件:Crターゲット、ArとN2の混合ガス雰囲気(Ar:90%、N:10%)、膜厚20nm。
実施例2は、吸収体膜4をNiZrのアモルファス合金とした場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例1と同様である。
実施例3は、吸収体膜4をNiPのアモルファス金属とした場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例1と同様である。
実施例4は、図13に示すように、エッチングマスク膜6を備えた反射型マスクブランク300とした。実施例4は、吸収体膜4をCoTaのアモルファス合金とし、吸収体膜4上にCrN膜からなるエッチングマスク膜6を設けた場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例1と同様である。
エッチングマスク膜形成条件:Crターゲット、ArとN2の混合ガス雰囲気(Ar:90%、N:10%)、膜厚10nm。
実施例5は、吸収体膜4をCoNbのアモルファス合金とした場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例4と同様である。
実施例6は、図13に示すように、エッチングマスク膜6を備えた反射型マスクブランク300とした。実施例6は、保護膜3をRuNb膜とし、吸収体膜4をNiTaのアモルファス合金とし、吸収体膜4の上にCrN膜からなるエッチングマスク膜6を設けた場合の実施例である。
実施例7は、実施例6のNiTa膜の組成比を変えた場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例6と同様である。
実施例8は、吸収体膜4をCoTaNのアモルファス合金とした場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例6と同じである。
実施例9は、吸収体膜4のエッチングガスを変えた場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例8と同様である。
実施例10は、図15示すように、エッチングストッパー膜7及びエッチングマスク膜6を備えた反射型マスクブランク500とした。実施例10は、吸収体膜4をCoTaのアモルファス合金とし、吸収体膜4の下にCrN膜からなるエッチングストッパー膜7を設け、吸収体膜4上にCrN膜からなるエッチングマスク膜6を設けた場合の実施例である。
実施例11は、実施例10のエッチングストッパー膜7及びエッチングマスク膜6を各々SiO2膜に変え、吸収体膜4のエッチングガスを変えた場合の実施例であって、それ以外は実施例10と同じである。
比較例1では、吸収体膜4として単層のTaBN膜を用いた以外、実施例1と同様の構造と方法で、反射型マスクブランク、反射型マスクを製造し、また、実施例1と同様の方法で半導体装置を製造した。
2 多層反射膜
3 保護膜
4 吸収体膜
4a 吸収体パターン
5 裏面導電膜
6 エッチングマスク膜
6a エッチングマスクパターン
7 エッチングストッパー膜
7a エッチングストッパーパターン
11 レジスト膜
11a レジストパターン
100、300、500 反射型マスクブランク
200、400、600 反射型マスク
Claims (10)
- 基板上に、多層反射膜及び吸収体膜をこの順で有する反射型マスクブランクであって、
前記吸収体膜は、コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素を含有するアモルファス金属を含む材料からなることを特徴とする反射型マスクブランク。 - 前記アモルファス金属は、前記コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素に、タングステン(W)、ニオブ(Nb)、タンタル(Ta)、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、イットリウム(Y)及びリン(P)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素を添加したものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反射型マスクブランク。
- 前記アモルファス金属は、前記コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)のうち少なくとも1以上の元素に、タンタル(Ta)を添加したものであり、
前記タンタル(Ta)の含有量は、10原子%以上90原子%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の反射型マスクブランク。 - 前記多層反射膜と前記吸収体膜との間に、保護膜を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランク。
- 前記吸収体膜の上に、エッチングマスク膜を有し、
前記エッチングマスク膜は、クロム(Cr)を含む材料又はケイ素(Si)を含む材料を含む材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランク。 - 前記保護膜と前記吸収体膜との間に、エッチングストッパー膜を有し、
前記エッチングストッパー膜は、クロム(Cr)を含む材料又はケイ素(Si)を含む材料からなることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の反射型マスクブランク。 - 請求項1乃至6の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランクにおける前記吸収体膜がパターニングされた吸収体パターンを有することを特徴とする反射型マスク。
- 請求項1乃至6の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランクの前記吸収体膜を、塩素系ガスを用いたドライエッチングでパターニングして吸収体パターンを形成することを特徴とする反射型マスクの製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至6の何れか一つに記載の反射型マスクブランクの前記吸収体膜を、第1の塩素系ガスと、該第1の塩素系ガスとは異なる第2の塩素系ガスとを用いたドライエッチングでパターニングして吸収体パターンを形成することを特徴とする反射型マスクの製造方法。
- EUV光を発する露光光源を有する露光装置に、請求項7に記載の反射型マスクをセットし、被転写基板上に形成されているレジスト膜に転写パターンを転写する工程を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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Also Published As
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KR20190117745A (ko) | 2019-10-16 |
TW201842208A (zh) | 2018-12-01 |
TWI810176B (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
US11237472B2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
US20190384157A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
JPWO2018159785A1 (ja) | 2019-12-26 |
SG11201907622YA (en) | 2019-09-27 |
JP7082606B2 (ja) | 2022-06-08 |
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