WO2018158938A1 - 冷凍システムおよび制御装置 - Google Patents
冷凍システムおよび制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018158938A1 WO2018158938A1 PCT/JP2017/008524 JP2017008524W WO2018158938A1 WO 2018158938 A1 WO2018158938 A1 WO 2018158938A1 JP 2017008524 W JP2017008524 W JP 2017008524W WO 2018158938 A1 WO2018158938 A1 WO 2018158938A1
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- compressor
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- heat medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration system including a first refrigerant circuit, a second refrigerant circuit, a first refrigerant circuit, and a heat medium circuit connected to the second refrigerant circuit, and the refrigeration system.
- the present invention relates to a control device for controlling.
- the conventional refrigeration system has a plurality of refrigerant circuits, and determines the number of compressors to be operated (hereinafter also referred to as the number of operating units) among the compressors of the plurality of refrigerant circuits according to the frequency ratio.
- An improvement in (Coefficient Of Performance) has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the frequency ratio can be obtained by dividing the total value of the operating frequencies of the plurality of compressors by the rated frequency.
- the rated frequency can be obtained by summing up the maximum frequencies of the plurality of compressors.
- a predetermined frequency ratio is set as a threshold used when changing the number of operating units.
- this threshold value is a fixed value.
- the optimum number of operating units for improving the COP varies depending not only on the frequency ratio but also on factors such as the outside air temperature. Therefore, if the threshold used when changing the number of operating units is a fixed value, COP may not be able to be improved.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system and a control device that can improve COP more reliably.
- a refrigeration system includes a first refrigerant circuit including a first compressor and a first heat exchanger, a second refrigerant circuit including a second compressor and a second heat exchanger, A heat medium circuit including a pump, a first heat medium flow path connected to the first heat exchanger, and a second heat medium flow path connected to the second heat exchanger; A control device that controls the compressor, the second compressor, and the pump, and the control device is configured to first determine a total frequency of the operating frequency of the first compressor and the operating frequency of the second compressor in advance. When the value obtained by dividing by the rated frequency is the first frequency ratio, both the first compressor and the second compressor are operated when the first frequency ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.
- Pressure to operate one of the first compressor and the second compressor when the first frequency ratio is less than the threshold value Includes a machine controller, the threshold value is one that is determined based outside air temperature, the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heating medium circuit, or the output of the pump.
- Embodiment 1 is an overall view of a refrigeration system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of the chiller unit group of the refrigeration system concerning Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is an example of the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the control apparatus of the refrigeration system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a control flowchart of the refrigerating system concerning Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the threshold value specified based on external temperature and frequency ratio in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the threshold value specified based on exit temperature and frequency ratio in Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- Embodiment 1 of this invention It is explanatory drawing of the threshold value specified based on the pump output and frequency ratio in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the chiller unit group of the refrigeration system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the control apparatus of the refrigeration system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a control flowchart of the refrigerating system concerning Embodiment 2 of the present invention. It is a control flowchart of the pump of the refrigerating system concerning Embodiment 2 of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the threshold value specified based on external temperature and frequency ratio in Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 1A is an overall view of a refrigeration system 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the chiller unit group 101 of the refrigeration system 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1C is an example of the refrigerant circuit C1 of the refrigeration system 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1D is an explanatory diagram of the control device Cnt of the refrigeration system 100 according to the first embodiment. 1A to 1C, the flow direction of the heat medium or the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by arrows.
- the refrigeration system 100 of the example of this embodiment includes a chiller unit group 101 that is a heat source side machine and a device 102 that is a load side machine.
- the chiller unit group 101 and the device 102 are directly connected.
- the chiller unit group 101 and the device 102 are relays that include a heat exchanger (not shown). It may be connected via. That is, the refrigeration system 100 of the example of this embodiment should just be provided with the chiller unit group 101 and the apparatus using the heat or cold produced
- the device 102 is supplied with water or the like cooled by the operation of the chiller unit group 101.
- the chiller unit group 101 includes a chiller unit 110, a chiller unit 120, and a chiller unit 130.
- the device 102 is, for example, a fan coil unit or the like that forms an indoor unit of an air conditioner and a tank or the like that stores water of a hot water supply device. In the first embodiment, a case where the device 102 is a fan coil unit of an air conditioner will be described as an example.
- the device 102 includes a heat exchanger 102A and a fan 102B that supplies air to the heat exchanger 102A.
- the refrigeration system 100 includes a first header Hd1 and a second header Hd2. The first header Hd1 is connected to the heat exchanger 102A of the device 102 via the heat medium pipe WP40.
- the second header Hd2 is connected to the heat exchanger 102A of the device 102 via the heat medium pipe WP50.
- the refrigeration system 100 includes a heat medium circuit WC.
- the heat medium circuit WC includes a heat medium pipe WP40, a heat medium pipe WP50, a first header Hd1, and a second header Hd2.
- the chiller unit 110 includes a refrigerant circuit C1, a pump 14, a control device 15, an inverter 16, an outside air temperature sensor 18, and a heat medium temperature sensor 19.
- the refrigerant circuit C1 includes a compressor 12, a heat exchanger 13A, a throttling device V1, a heat exchanger 13B, and a refrigerant pipe Rp.
- the compressor 12 can control the operating frequency.
- the compressor 12 operates based on a signal output from the inverter 16.
- the heat exchanger 13A functions as a condenser or an evaporator.
- the expansion device V1 depressurizes the refrigerant.
- the heat exchanger 13B functions as an evaporator or a condenser.
- FIG. 1C a circuit in which the refrigerant cools the heat medium is shown as an example.
- the refrigerant circuit C1 may include a flow path switching valve or the like (not shown), and may switch between a state in which the refrigerant cools the heat medium and a state in which the refrigerant heats the heat medium.
- the refrigerant circuit C1 is connected to the heat medium pipe WP2 and the heat medium pipe WP3.
- the heat medium flowing through the heat medium pipe WP2 is heated or cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit C1, and flows into the heat medium pipe WP3.
- the pump 14 has a heat medium suction portion connected to the heat medium pipe WP1, and a heat medium discharge portion connected to the heat medium pipe WP2.
- the heat medium pipe WP3 is connected to the first header Hd1, and the heat medium pipe WP1 is connected to the second header Hd2.
- the control device 15 controls the inverter 16 and the pump 14. Further, the control device 15 controls the inverter 16 to change the frequency of the compressor 12.
- the control device 15 communicates with the remote controller RC.
- the remote controller RC is installed, for example, in an administrator room.
- the control device 15 receives a driving instruction from the remote controller RC.
- the control device 15 communicates with the control device 25 and the control device 35 and operates in cooperation with the control device 25 and the control device 35.
- the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 18 is output to the control device 15. Further, the temperature detected by the heat medium temperature sensor 19 is output to the control device 15. Further, the control device 15 acquires the output of the pump 14.
- the refrigeration system 100 is not provided with an inverter that drives the pump 14. That is, the pump 14 operates at a constant frequency.
- a set value of the operating frequency of the pump 14 transmitted from the control device 15 to the pump 14 can be adopted.
- a power meter (not shown) may be provided in the pump 14, and the power consumption of the pump 14 acquired from the power meter may be used as the output of the pump 14.
- the chiller unit 120 includes a refrigerant circuit C ⁇ b> 2, a pump 24, a control device 25, and an inverter 26.
- the pump 24 has the same configuration as the pump 14.
- the pump 24 has a heat medium suction part connected to the heat medium pipe WP21 and a heat medium discharge part connected to the heat medium pipe WP22.
- the refrigerant circuit C2 is connected to the heat medium pipe WP22 and the heat medium pipe WP23.
- the heat medium flowing through the heat medium pipe WP22 is heated or cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit C2, and flows into the heat medium pipe WP23.
- the control device 25 controls the inverter 26 and the pump 24. Further, the control device 25 controls the inverter 26 so that the frequency of the compressor 22 changes.
- the heat medium pipe WP23 is connected to the first header Hd1, and the heat medium pipe WP21 is connected to the second header Hd2.
- the chiller unit 130 includes a refrigerant circuit C3, a pump 34, a control device 35, and an inverter 36.
- the pump 34 has the same configuration as the pump 14.
- the pump 34 has a heat medium suction part connected to the heat medium pipe WP31 and a heat medium discharge part connected to the heat medium pipe WP32.
- the refrigerant circuit C3 is connected to the heat medium pipe WP32 and the heat medium pipe WP33.
- the heat medium flowing through the heat medium pipe WP32 is heated or cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit C3, and flows into the heat medium pipe WP33.
- the control device 35 controls the inverter 36 and the pump 34.
- the frequency of the compressor 32 changes because the control apparatus 35 controls the inverter 36.
- the heat medium pipe WP33 is connected to the first header Hd1, and the heat medium pipe WP31 is connected to the second header Hd2.
- control device 15 the control device 25, and the control device 35 are collectively referred to as a control device Cnt.
- the control device Cnt is, for example, dedicated hardware or a CPU (also called a central processing unit, a central processing unit, a processing unit, a processing unit, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a processor, etc.) that executes a program stored in a memory. Composed.
- the control device Cnt is dedicated hardware
- the control device Cnt is, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a combination thereof. The thing corresponds.
- Each functional unit realized by the control device Cnt may be realized by individual hardware, or each functional unit may be realized by one piece of hardware.
- each function executed by the control device Cnt is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- Software and firmware are described as programs and stored in a memory.
- the CPU implements each function of the control device Cnt by reading and executing a program stored in the memory.
- a nonvolatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as a RAM, a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or an EEPROM can be adopted as the memory.
- part of the functions of the control device Cnt may be realized by dedicated hardware, and part of it may be realized by software or firmware.
- the control device Cnt includes a first frequency acquisition unit 50A, an operating number determination unit 50B, a compressor control unit 50C, and a storage unit 50G.
- the first frequency acquisition unit 50A acquires the first frequency ratio.
- the first frequency ratio can be obtained by dividing the total frequency of the operation frequency of the compressor 12, the operation frequency of the compressor 22, and the operation frequency of the compressor 32 by a predetermined first rated frequency.
- the first rated frequency can be obtained by summing the maximum value of the operating frequency of the compressor 12, the maximum value of the operating frequency of the compressor 22, and the maximum value of the operating frequency of the compressor 32.
- the operating number determining unit 50B determines the operating number based on the first frequency ratio.
- the number of operating units determining unit 50B determines the number of operating units depending on whether the frequency ratio is greater than or equal to the first frequency ratio than the threshold described in FIG.
- the threshold value used by the operating number determining unit 50B is a value based on the detected outside air temperature of the outside temperature sensor 18. Further, the threshold used by the operating number determining unit 50 ⁇ / b> B is a value based on the detected heat medium temperature of the heat medium temperature sensor 19. Furthermore, the threshold value used by the operating number determination unit 50B is a value based on the output of the pump 14.
- the storage unit 50G stores various data such as threshold values.
- FIG. 2 is a control flowchart of the refrigeration system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the control device Cnt calculates the first frequency ratio (step S1).
- the control device Cnt acquires a threshold value based on the detected outside air temperature, the detected heat medium temperature, and the output of the pump 14 (step S2).
- the control device Cnt compares the first frequency ratio with the acquired threshold value to determine the number of operating units (step S3).
- the control device Cnt transmits an operation signal or a stop signal to the inverter corresponding to each compressor (step S4).
- step S3 the number of operating units is determined, but in addition to this, which compressor is to be operated may be determined. For example, when it is determined that the number of operating units is two, the compressor 12 and the compressor 22 may be operated, and the compressor 32 may be stopped (first pattern). Further, the compressor 12 and the compressor 32 may be operated, and the compressor 22 may be stopped (second pattern). Further, the compressor 32 and the compressor 22 may be operated and the compressor 12 may be stopped (third pattern).
- the control device Cnt can select which of the first to third patterns is selected based on, for example, the operation time of the compressor.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of threshold values specified based on the outside air temperature and the frequency ratio.
- Curve A1 shows the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is one.
- Curve A2 shows the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is two.
- a curve A3 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is three.
- a curve A4 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the first frequency ratio that can improve the COP increases as the number of operating units increases.
- Curve B1 shows the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 35 degrees and the number of operating compressors is one.
- Curve B2 shows the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 35 degrees and the number of operating compressors is two.
- a curve B3 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 35 degrees and the number of operating compressors is three.
- Curve B4 shows the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 35 degrees and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the curves B1 to B4 show the same tendency as the curves A1 to A4. That is, it can be seen that the first frequency ratio that can improve the COP increases as the number of operating units increases. However, the curves B1 to B4 are generally located below the curves A1 to A4.
- the straight line L1 corresponds to a threshold value that separates when the number of operating units is one and when the number of operating units is two.
- the straight line L2 corresponds to a threshold value that separates the number of operating units from two and the number of operating units from three.
- the straight line L3 corresponds to a threshold value that divides when the number of operating units is three and when the number of operating units is four.
- the straight line L1, the straight line L2, and the straight line L3 are inclined. That is, FIG. 3 shows that the threshold value for dividing the number of operating units changes based on the detected outside air temperature.
- the slopes of the straight line L1, the straight line L2, and the straight line L3 indicate that the threshold value increases as the outside air temperature increases.
- Straight lines L1, L2, and L3 are linear expressions. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the optimum number of operating units, the straight lines L1, L2, and L3 can be set to a quadratic expression, a cubic expression, or the like in consideration of the memory of the control device Cnt.
- the refrigeration system 100 adopts the embodiment of FIG. 3 to improve the COP by, for example, about 10% compared to the conventional case.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of threshold values specified based on the outlet temperature and the frequency ratio.
- Curve C1 shows the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 15 degrees and the number of operating compressors is one.
- a curve C2 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 15 degrees and the number of operating compressors is two.
- a curve C3 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 15 degrees and the number of operating compressors is three.
- a curve D4 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 15 degrees and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the first frequency ratio that can improve the COP increases as the number of operating units increases.
- a curve D1 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 7 degrees and the number of operating compressors is one.
- a curve D2 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 7 degrees and the number of operating compressors is two.
- a curve D3 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 7 degrees and the number of operating compressors is three.
- a curve D4 indicates the COP ratio when the detected heat medium temperature is 7 degrees and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the curves D1 to D4 show the same tendency as the curves C1 to C4. That is, it can be seen that the first frequency ratio that can improve the COP increases as the number of operating units increases. However, the curves D1 to D4 are generally located below the curves C1 to C4.
- the straight line L11 corresponds to a threshold value that separates when the number of operating units is one and when the number of operating units is two.
- the straight line L12 corresponds to a threshold value that separates the number of operating units from two and the number of operating units from three.
- the straight line L13 corresponds to a threshold value that divides when the number of operating units is three and when the number of operating units is four.
- the straight line L11, the straight line L12, and the straight line L13 are inclined. That is, FIG. 4 shows that the threshold value for dividing the number of operating units changes based on the detected outside air temperature.
- the slopes of the straight line L11, the straight line L12, and the straight line L13 indicate that the threshold value increases as the heat medium temperature increases.
- Straight lines L11, L12, and L13 are linear expressions. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the optimum number of operating units, the straight lines L11, L12, and L13 can be set to a secondary expression, a tertiary expression, or the like in consideration of the memory of the control device Cnt.
- the refrigeration system 100 adopts the embodiment of FIG. 4 to improve the COP by, for example, about 5% compared to the conventional case.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the threshold value specified based on the outside and the frequency ratio.
- Curve E1 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 3.7 kW and the number of operating compressors is one.
- a curve E2 indicates the COP ratio when the pump output is 3.7 kW and the number of operating compressors is two.
- Curve E3 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 3.7 kW and the number of operating compressors is three.
- Curve E4 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 3.7 kW and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the first frequency ratio that can improve the COP increases as the number of operating units increases.
- Curve F1 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 7.5 kW and the number of operating compressors is one.
- Curve F2 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 7.5 kW and the number of operating compressors is two.
- Curve F3 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 7.5 kW and the number of operating compressors is three.
- Curve F4 shows the COP ratio when the pump output is 7.5 kW and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the curves F1 to F4 show the same tendency as the curves E1 to E4. That is, it can be seen that the first frequency ratio that can improve the COP increases as the number of operating units increases. However, the curves F1 to F4 are generally located below the curves E1 to E4.
- the straight line L21 corresponds to a threshold value that separates when the number of operating units is one and when the number of operating units is two.
- the straight line L22 corresponds to a threshold value that separates the number of operating units from two and the number of operating units from three.
- the straight line L23 corresponds to a threshold value that divides when the number of operating units is three and when the number of operating units is four.
- the straight line L21, the straight line L22, and the straight line L23 are inclined. That is, FIG. 5 shows that the threshold value for dividing the number of operating units changes based on the output of the pump.
- the slopes of the straight line L21, straight line L22, and straight line L23 indicate that the threshold value increases as the pump output increases.
- Straight lines L21, L22, and L23 are linear expressions. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the optimum number of operating units, the straight lines L21, L22, and L23 can be set to a quadratic expression, a cubic expression, or the like in consideration of the memory of the control device Cnt.
- the refrigeration system 100 adopts the embodiment of FIG. 5 to improve the COP by, for example, about 10% compared to the conventional case.
- the control device Cnt stores data corresponding to the straight lines L1, L2, L3, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22 and L23 described above. Then, the control device Cnt acquires information on the detected outside air temperature, the detected heat medium temperature, and the output of the pump, and determines the number of operating units.
- a threshold for determining the number of operating units is determined based on at least one of the outside air temperature, the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circuit, and the output of the pump. For this reason, COP can be improved more reliably.
- FIG. FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a chiller unit group 201 of the refrigeration system according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram of a control device Cnt of the refrigeration system according to Embodiment 2.
- parts different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described, and common parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- Embodiment 1 assumes a mode in which the flow rate of the heat medium is constant. That is, in the first embodiment, the pump operating frequency is constant.
- inverters inverter 17, inverter 27, and inverter 37 for controlling the pump are provided.
- the chiller unit 211 is provided with an inverter 17, the chiller unit 221 is provided with an inverter 27, and the chiller unit 231 is provided with an inverter 37.
- the control frequency of the pump 14, the pump 24, and the pump 34 is changed by the control device Cnt controlling the inverter 17, the inverter 27, and the inverter 37.
- the operating frequencies of the pump 14, the pump 24, and the pump 34 have a predetermined minimum frequency. That is, the minimum frequency is stored in the control device Cnt.
- the refrigeration system according to Embodiment 2 can reduce the operating frequency of the pump according to the situation and suppress the power consumption of the pump. For example, in the case of transporting a heated heat medium to the device 102, when the load generated in the device 102 (required heat amount of the device 102) becomes small, the control device Cnt controls the inverter and sets the operation frequency of the pump. Lower. Thereby, the refrigeration system according to Embodiment 2 can improve COP.
- the second frequency ratio acquisition unit 50D acquires the second frequency ratio.
- the second frequency ratio can be obtained by dividing the total frequency of the operation frequency of the pump 14, the operation frequency of the pump 24, and the operation frequency of the pump 34 by a predetermined second rated frequency.
- the second rated frequency can be obtained by summing the maximum value of the operating frequency of the pump 14, the maximum value of the operating frequency of the pump 24, and the maximum value of the operating frequency of the pump 34.
- the operating frequency determination unit 50E determines the operating frequency of the pump to be operated based on the first frequency ratio and the second frequency ratio. For example, when the compressor 12 and the compressor 22 are operating, the operating frequency determination unit 50E determines the operating frequencies of the pump 14 and the pump 24 based on the first frequency ratio and the second frequency ratio. To do. The operating frequency determination unit 50E determines the operating frequency of the pump to be operated so that the second frequency ratio approaches the first frequency ratio.
- the pump control unit 50F controls the inverter 17, the inverter 27, and the inverter 37. Thereby, the operating frequency of the pump 14, the pump 24, and the pump 34 changes.
- FIG. 7 is a control flowchart of the refrigeration system according to the second embodiment.
- Step S20, step S21, step S24, step S25, and step S26 in FIG. 7 are the same as step S0, step S1, and steps S3 to S5 in FIG.
- the controller Cnt determines whether the pump operating frequency is constant or variable flow rate control (inverter control) that makes the pump operating frequency variable (step S22).
- the control device Cnt acquires the threshold value without setting the flag for executing the variable flow rate control (step S23-1).
- the control device Cnt sets a flag for executing the variable flow rate control, and acquires a threshold value (step S23-2).
- the pump corresponding to the chiller unit that has operated the compressor performs variable flow control.
- FIG. 8 is a control flowchart of the pump of the refrigeration system according to the second embodiment.
- the control device Cnt calculates the first frequency ratio (step S31).
- the control device Cnt acquires the second frequency ratio.
- the controller Cnt determines the pump operating frequency so that the second frequency ratio approaches the first frequency ratio acquired in the flow shown in FIG. 7 (step S32). It is determined whether or not the determined pump operating frequency is equal to or lower than a predetermined minimum frequency (step S33). If it is higher than the minimum frequency, the command frequency of the pump is set to the operation frequency determined in step S32. (Step S34-2). If the frequency is equal to or lower than the minimum frequency, the pump command frequency is set to the minimum frequency (step S34-2).
- the control device Cnt transmits an operation signal or a stop signal to the inverter corresponding to each pump (step S35).
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of threshold values specified based on the outside air temperature and the frequency ratio in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram when the pump output is 50%. When the pump output is 100%, the pump is operating at the maximum operating frequency.
- a curve G1 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is one.
- a curve G2 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is two.
- a curve G3 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is three.
- a curve G4 indicates the COP ratio when the detected outside air temperature is 25 degrees and the number of operating compressors is four.
- the straight line L31 corresponds to a threshold value that divides when the number of operating units is one and when the number of operating units is two.
- the straight line L32 corresponds to a threshold value that divides when the number of operating units is two and when the number of operating units is three.
- the straight line L33 corresponds to a threshold value that divides when the number of operating units is three and when the number of operating units is four.
- the straight line L31, the straight line L32, and the straight line L33 are inclined. That is, FIG. 9 shows that the threshold for dividing the number of operating units changes based on the detected outside air temperature, as in FIG.
- the slopes of the straight line L31, the straight line L32, and the straight line L33 indicate that the threshold value increases as the outside air temperature increases.
- Straight lines L31, L32, and L33 are linear expressions. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the optimum number of operating units, the straight lines L31, L32, and L33 are quadratic in consideration of the memory of the control device Cnt. A cubic equation can also be used. In the refrigeration system according to Embodiment 2, the COP is improved by, for example, about 10% compared to the conventional case.
- Embodiment 2 The refrigeration system according to Embodiment 2 optimizes not only the compressor but also the operation of the pump, and can further improve COP.
- any one of the refrigerant circuit C1, the refrigerant circuit C2, and the refrigerant circuit C3 of the first and second embodiments corresponds to the first refrigerant circuit, and the remaining one corresponds to the second refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant circuit corresponding to the first refrigerant circuit corresponds to the first pump
- the remaining pumps of C1, the refrigerant circuit C2, and the refrigerant circuit C3 correspond to the second pump.
- any one of the heat medium pipe WP2, the heat medium pipe WP22, and the heat medium pipe WP32 of the first and second embodiments corresponds to the first heat medium flow path, and any of the remaining heat medium pipes WP32 is the second heat medium flow path.
- Embodiments 1 and 2 the embodiment in which the number of refrigerant circuits is three has been described as an example, but two or four or more may be used.
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Abstract
Description
図1Aは、実施の形態1に係る冷凍システム100の全体図である。図1Bは、実施の形態1に係る冷凍システム100のチラーユニット群101の概要図である。図1Cは、実施の形態1に係る冷凍システム100の冷媒回路C1の一例である。図1Dは、本実施の形態1に係る冷凍システム100の制御装置Cntの説明図である。なお、図1A~図1Cでは、熱媒体の流れ方向又は冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示している。
図1Aに示すように、この実施の形態の例の冷凍システム100は、熱源側機であるチラーユニット群101と、負荷側機である機器102とを備えている。なお、図1Aの例では、チラーユニット群101と機器102とが、直接的に接続されているが、チラーユニット群101と機器102とは、熱交換器を備えた中継器(図示を省略)を介して接続されていてもよい。すなわち、この実施の形態の例の冷凍システム100は、チラーユニット群101と、チラーユニット群101で生成された温熱または冷熱を利用する装置とを備えるものであればよい。機器102は、チラーユニット群101が運転することで冷却等された水等が供給される。チラーユニット群101は、チラーユニット110と、チラーユニット120と、チラーユニット130とを備えている。機器102は、例えば空気調和装置の室内ユニットを形成するファンコイルユニット等及び給湯装置の水を貯留するタンク等である。実施の形態1では、機器102が空気調和装置のファンコイルユニットである場合を一例に説明する。機器102は、熱交換器102Aと、熱交換器102Aに空気を供給するファン102Bとを備えている。また、冷凍システム100は、第1のヘッダーHd1及び第2のヘッダーHd2を備えている。第1のヘッダーHd1は、熱媒体配管WP40を介して機器102の熱交換器102Aに接続されている。第2のヘッダーHd2は、熱媒体配管WP50を介して機器102の熱交換器102Aに接続されている。冷凍システム100は、熱媒体回路WCを含む。熱媒体回路WCは、熱媒体配管WP40、熱媒体配管WP50、第1のヘッダーHd1及び第2のヘッダーHd2を含む。
図1Bに示すように、チラーユニット110は、冷媒回路C1と、ポンプ14と、制御装置15と、インバータ16と、外気温度センサ18と、熱媒体温度センサ19とを備えている。冷媒回路C1は、図1Cに示すように、圧縮機12と、熱交換器13Aと、絞り装置V1と、熱交換器13Bと、冷媒配管Rpとを備えている。圧縮機12は、運転周波数の制御をすることができる。圧縮機12は、インバータ16から出力される信号に基づいて動作する。熱交換器13Aは凝縮器又は蒸発器として機能する。絞り装置V1は冷媒を減圧させる。熱交換器13Bは蒸発器又は凝縮器として機能する。なお、図1Cでは、冷媒が熱媒体を冷却する回路を一例として示している。冷媒回路C1は、流路切替弁等を備え(図示省略)、冷媒が熱媒体を冷却する状態と、冷媒が熱媒体を加温する状態とを切り替えることができてもよい。
チラーユニット120は、冷媒回路C2と、ポンプ24と、制御装置25と、インバータ26とを備えている。ポンプ24は、ポンプ14と同様の構成である。ポンプ24は熱媒体の吸入部が熱媒体配管WP21に接続され、熱媒体の吐出部が熱媒体配管WP22に接続されている。冷媒回路C2は、熱媒体配管WP22及び熱媒体配管WP23に接続されている。熱媒体配管WP22を流れる熱媒体は、冷媒回路C2を流れる冷媒に加温又は冷却され、熱媒体配管WP23に流入する。制御装置25は、インバータ26及びポンプ24を制御する。また、制御装置25がインバータ26を制御することで、圧縮機22の周波数が変わる。なお、熱媒体配管WP23は第1のヘッダーHd1に接続され、熱媒体配管WP21は第2のヘッダーHd2に接続されている。
チラーユニット130は、冷媒回路C3と、ポンプ34と、制御装置35と、インバータ36とを備えている。ポンプ34は、ポンプ14と同様の構成である。ポンプ34は熱媒体の吸入部が熱媒体配管WP31に接続され、熱媒体の吐出部が熱媒体配管WP32に接続されている。冷媒回路C3は、熱媒体配管WP32及び熱媒体配管WP33に接続されている。熱媒体配管WP32を流れる熱媒体は、冷媒回路C3を流れる冷媒に加温又は冷却され、熱媒体配管WP33に流入する。制御装置35は、インバータ36及びポンプ34を制御する。また、制御装置35がインバータ36を制御することで、圧縮機32の周波数が変わる。なお、熱媒体配管WP33は第1のヘッダーHd1に接続され、熱媒体配管WP31は第2のヘッダーHd2に接続されている。
制御装置CntがCPUの場合には、制御装置Cntが実行する各機能は、ソフトウエア、ファームウエア、又はソフトウエアとファームウエアとの組み合わせにより実現される。ソフトウエアやファームウエアはプログラムとして記述され、メモリに格納される。CPUは、メモリに格納されたプログラムを読み出して実行することにより、制御装置Cntの各機能を実現する。ここで、メモリは、例えば、RAM、ROM、フラッシュメモリ、EPROM、EEPROM等の不揮発性又は揮発性の半導体メモリを採用することができる。なお、制御装置Cntの機能の一部を専用のハードウエアで実現し、一部をソフトウエア又はファームウエアで実現するようにしてもよい。
圧縮機制御部50Cは、第1の周波数比が予め定められる閾値以上であるか否かに応じて、圧縮機12、圧縮機22及び圧縮機32のうちの少なくとも1つを運転する。圧縮機制御部50Cがインバータ16、インバータ26及びインバータ36を制御することで、圧縮機12、圧縮機22及び圧縮機32の運転周波数が変化する。
図2は、実施の形態1に係る冷凍システム100の制御フローチャートである。
制御装置Cntは、第1の周波数比を算出する(ステップS1)。制御装置Cntは、検出外気温度と、検出熱媒体温度と、ポンプ14の出力とに基づいて、閾値を取得する(ステップS2)。制御装置Cntは、第1の周波数比と、取得した閾値とを比較して、運転台数を決定する(ステップS3)。制御装置Cntは、各圧縮機に対応するインバータに対し、運転信号又は停止信号を送信する(ステップS4)。
曲線A1は、検出外気温度が25度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が1台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線A2は、検出外気温度が25度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が2台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線A3は、検出外気温度が25度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が3台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線A4は、検出外気温度が25度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が4台のときのCOP比を示している。
曲線A1~曲線A4に示すように、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。
曲線B1~曲線B4も曲線A1~曲線A4と同様の傾向を示している。つまり、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。ただし、曲線B1~曲線B4は全体的に、曲線A1~曲線A4よりも下側に位置している。
曲線C1は、検出熱媒体温度が15度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が1台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線C2は、検出熱媒体温度が15度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が2台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線C3は、検出熱媒体温度が15度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が3台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線D4は、検出熱媒体温度が15度であり、圧縮機の運転台数が4台のときのCOP比を示している。
曲線C1~曲線C4に示すように、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。
曲線D1~曲線D4も曲線C1~曲線C4と同様の傾向を示している。つまり、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。ただし、曲線D1~曲線D4は全体的に、曲線C1~曲線C4よりも下側に位置している。
曲線E1は、ポンプの出力が3.7kWであり、圧縮機の運転台数が1台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線E2は、ポンプの出力が3.7kWであり、圧縮機の運転台数が2台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線E3は、ポンプの出力が3.7kWであり、圧縮機の運転台数が3台のときのCOP比を示している。曲線E4は、ポンプの出力が3.7kWであり、圧縮機の運転台数が4台のときのCOP比を示している。
曲線E1~曲線E4に示すように、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。
曲線F1~曲線F4も曲線E1~曲線E4と同様の傾向を示している。つまり、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。ただし、曲線F1~曲線F4は全体的に、曲線E1~曲線E4よりも下側に位置している。
冷凍システム100は、運転台数を決定するための閾値が、外気温度、熱媒体回路を流れる熱媒体の温度、及びポンプの出力のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて定められている。このため、より確実にCOPを向上させることができる。
図6Aは、実施の形態2に係る冷凍システムのチラーユニット群201の概要図である。図6Bは、実施の形態2に係る冷凍システムの制御装置Cntの説明図である。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1と相違する部分について中心に説明をし、共通する部分については同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。
ポンプ制御部50Fは、インバータ17、インバータ27及びインバータ37を制御する。これにより、ポンプ14、ポンプ24及びポンプ34の運転周波数が変化する。
図7のステップS20、ステップS21、ステップS24、ステップS25、ステップS26は、図2のステップS0、ステップS1、ステップS3~ステップS5と同様であるため、説明を割愛する。
制御装置Cntは、第1の周波数比を算出する(ステップS31)。制御装置Cntは、第2の周波数比を取得する。制御装置Cntは、図7に示すフローにて取得した第1の周波数比に第2の周波数比が近づくように、ポンプの運転周波数を決定する(ステップS32)。決定したポンプの運転周波数が、予め定められる最低周波数以下であるか否かを判定する(ステップS33)。最低周波数より高い場合には、ポンプの指令周波数をステップS32で決定した運転周波数とする。(ステップS34-2)。最低周波数以下である場合には、ポンプの指令周波数を最低周波数とする(ステップS34-2)。制御装置Cntは、各ポンプに対応するインバータに対し、運転信号又は停止信号を送信する(ステップS35)。
曲線G1~曲線G4に示すように、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。また、図3に示す曲線A1~A4よりも、曲線G1~曲線G4は上側に移動している。ポンプ出力が50%まで下げたので、冷凍システムのCOPが向上したためである。
曲線H1~曲線H4に示すように、運転台数が増大するにつれて、COPを向上させることができる第1の周波数比が、高くなっていくことがわかる。曲線H1~曲線H4は、曲線G1~曲線G4よりも下側に位置している。一方、曲線H1~曲線H4は、図3に示す曲線B1~曲線B4よりも上側に位置している。ポンプ出力が50%まで下げたので、冷凍システムのCOPが向上したためである。
実施の形態2に係る冷凍システムは、圧縮機だけでなく、ポンプの動作の最適化を図っており、更なるCOPの向上を実現することができる。
Claims (7)
- 第1の圧縮機及び第1の熱交換器を含む第1の冷媒回路と、
第2の圧縮機及び第2の熱交換器を含む第2の冷媒回路と、
ポンプ、前記第1の熱交換器に接続されている第1の熱媒体流路、及び前記第2の熱交換器に接続されている第2の熱媒体流路を含む熱媒体回路と、
前記第1の圧縮機、前記第2の圧縮機及び前記ポンプを制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第1の圧縮機の運転周波数及び前記第2の圧縮機の運転周波数の合計周波数を予め定められる第1の定格周波数で割って得られる値を第1の周波数比としたとき、前記第1の周波数比が予め定められる閾値以上である場合に前記第1の圧縮機及び前記第2の圧縮機の両方を運転し、前記第1の周波数比が前記閾値未満である場合に前記第1の圧縮機及び前記第2の圧縮機のうちの一方を運転する圧縮機制御部を含み、
前記閾値は、外気温度、前記熱媒体回路を流れる熱媒体の温度、及び前記ポンプの出力のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて定められている
冷凍システム。 - 前記閾値は、前記外気温度が高くなるにしがたって、高くなる
請求項1に記載の冷凍システム。 - 前記閾値は、前記第1の熱媒体流路のうち前記第1の熱交換器の出口を流れる前記熱媒体の温度、又は、前記第2の熱媒体流路のうち前記第2の熱交換器の出口を流れる前記熱媒体の温度、が低くなるにしたがって、高くなる
請求項1又は2に記載の冷凍システム。 - 前記閾値は、前記ポンプの出力が増大するにしたがって、高くなる
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍システム。 - 前記ポンプを制御するインバータを更に備え、
前記制御装置は、前記インバータを制御するポンプ制御部を更に含む
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍システム。 - 前記ポンプは、前記第1の熱媒体流路に設けられている第1のポンプと、前記第2の熱媒体流路に設けられている第2のポンプとを含み、
前記ポンプ制御部は、前記第1のポンプの運転周波数及び前記第2のポンプの運転周波数の合計周波数を予め定められる第2の定格周波数で割って得られる値を第2の周波数比としたとき、前記第2の周波数比が前記第1の周波数比に近づくように、前記第1のポンプの運転周波数及び前記第2のポンプの運転周波数を定めている
請求項5に記載の冷凍システム。 - 第1の圧縮機及び第1の熱交換器を含む第1の冷媒回路と、
第2の圧縮機及び第2の熱交換器を含む第2の冷媒回路と、
ポンプ、前記第1の熱交換器に接続されている第1の熱媒体流路、及び前記第2の熱交換器に接続されている第2の熱媒体流路を含む熱媒体回路と、備えた冷凍システムを制御する制御装置であって、
前記第1の圧縮機の運転周波数及び前記第2の圧縮機の運転周波数の合計周波数を予め定められる第1の定格周波数で割って得られる値を第1の周波数比としたとき、前記第1の周波数比が予め定められる閾値以上である場合に前記第1の圧縮機及び前記第2の圧縮機の両方を運転し、前記第1の周波数比が前記閾値未満である場合に前記第1の圧縮機及び前記第2の圧縮機のうちの一方を運転する圧縮機制御部を含み、
前記閾値は、外気温度、前記熱媒体回路を流れる熱媒体の温度、及び前記ポンプの出力のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて定められている
制御装置。
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- 2017-03-03 JP JP2019502409A patent/JP6707172B2/ja active Active
- 2017-03-03 GB GB1909643.7A patent/GB2573437B/en active Active
- 2017-03-03 WO PCT/JP2017/008524 patent/WO2018158938A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
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JPH0599484A (ja) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-04-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和機の運転制御装置 |
JP2000002474A (ja) * | 1998-04-15 | 2000-01-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍空調装置およびその制御方法 |
JP2012112557A (ja) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-06-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷温水システム及び冷温水システムのポンプ制御方法 |
JP2013231542A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ヒートポンプ装置 |
JP2014214954A (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-11-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷温水供給システム及び空気調和装置 |
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GB201909643D0 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
JP6707172B2 (ja) | 2020-06-10 |
JPWO2018158938A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
GB2573437B (en) | 2021-02-10 |
GB2573437A (en) | 2019-11-06 |
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