WO2018137292A1 - 锁盘器 - Google Patents

锁盘器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018137292A1
WO2018137292A1 PCT/CN2017/081001 CN2017081001W WO2018137292A1 WO 2018137292 A1 WO2018137292 A1 WO 2018137292A1 CN 2017081001 W CN2017081001 W CN 2017081001W WO 2018137292 A1 WO2018137292 A1 WO 2018137292A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
wedge
base
clamping
vertical plates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/081001
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩伍林
郝雄毅
Original Assignee
韩伍林
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 韩伍林 filed Critical 韩伍林
Priority to US16/317,900 priority Critical patent/US10988357B2/en
Priority to JP2019507239A priority patent/JP6919921B2/ja
Priority to EP17893542.5A priority patent/EP3486208B1/en
Publication of WO2018137292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018137292A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/12—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with axial effect
    • B66D5/14—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with axial effect embodying discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/24—Operating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/24—Operating devices
    • B66D5/30—Operating devices electrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D2069/004—Profiled friction surfaces, e.g. grooves, dimples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F16D2121/22—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
    • F16D59/02—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety brake, and more particularly to a lock disc for safely braking a wheel.
  • the lock disk includes two a facing frame, between the two frames is a chuck slot for clamping the wheel, in each of the frames is provided a brake block, the brake block in the two frames Opposite to the clamping surface, a friction plate is disposed on the clamping surface of the brake caliper; two of the brake calipers constitute a combined wedge body, and the two frames form a combined wedge groove of the clamping combination wedge body A tension spring is disposed on the frame, and the tension spring is coupled to the brake clamp block in the frame to pull the brake clamp block to abut the back surface of the frame.
  • the locker is small in size and is easy to install on the brake discs of various existing hoisting and lifting equipment.
  • the wedge-shaped structure can be used to perform emergency braking on the high-torque disc.
  • Such a lock disc has certain deficiencies in use, such as occasional deformation of the device during braking with a large torque, resulting in failure to lock the brake disc, and if the brake disc is eccentrically rotated, Mis-braking occurs, which can result in reduced reliability of the lock.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high reliability lock disk device to solve the problem of low reliability of the existing lock disk device.
  • a lock disc comprising a base, a brake caliper, a clamp wall support mechanism, a front damper and a brake trigger mechanism.
  • the base comprises a bottom plate and two side vertical plates integrally formed on the bottom plate, the two side vertical plates are oppositely disposed, and the inner walls thereof are lateral slope surfaces, so that two side vertical plates are formed
  • a wedge-shaped groove having a large opening at the front end and a small opening at the rear end, and a mounting hole through which the brake trigger mechanism is inserted is formed on the side vertical plate.
  • the brake clips are two juxtaposed, disposed in a wedge-shaped groove formed between the two side risers on the base; and disposed on the clamping surface of the brake clip Friction plate, the back of the brake block
  • the brake chuck body is formed into a wedge body, and a lateral sliding groove for inserting the brake push rod is opened on the back surface of the brake clamp.
  • the clamp wall supporting mechanism includes a front supporting mechanism for laterally elastically pushing the front portions of the two brake clips and lateral elastic pushing of the rear portions of the two brake clips Rear support mechanism.
  • the front baffle is fixed at a front port of the wedge groove of the base for blocking the escape of the brake clip in the wedge groove from the front port.
  • the brake trigger mechanism is coupled to the brake push rod by a compression spring, and the brake trigger mechanism is mounted in the mounting hole of the side vertical plate, and the brake push rod passes through the mounting hole. Its front end portion passes through the aperture in the inner wall of the side riser and abuts against the transverse chute of the brake caliper.
  • the invention further includes a limit cover plate laterally disposed on an upper edge of the side riser for blocking the escape of the brake clip from the top of the wedge groove; the limit cover The inner side of the plate is along the clamping surface of the brake clamp on the side of the limit cover on the initial position to limit the deflection of the brake disc to prevent misoperation caused by the deflection of the brake disc move.
  • the invention further includes a needle roller slide, the needle roller slide is an L-shaped flap, and a plurality of needles arranged in a row are arranged on the surface of the needle; the needle slide slides against the wedge groove of the base A sidewall and a groove bottom surface for providing sliding support for the brake nip to reduce sliding friction between the brake nip and the base wedge groove.
  • a tension spring is attached to the front end of the needle roller, and the other end of the tension spring is fixed to the front baffle by a top wire.
  • the front struts mechanism includes a struts and a top spring sleeved on the struts, and the two ends of the struts are inserted at a position close to the front end of the clamping surface of the brake caliper In the jack, the diameter of the strut is smaller than the diameter of the through hole, and both ends of the top spring abut against the clamping surface of the brake clip.
  • the insertion hole is opened at a position where the clamping surface of the brake caliper is close to a lower portion of the front end, so that the front struts mechanism allows the brake disc passage between the two brake nips to ensure the hoisting machine Normal operation of the heavy equipment; the center line of the insertion hole is perpendicular to the clamping surface of the brake caliper, and the depth of the insertion hole is controlled when the two brake nips are in the clamping braking position
  • the struts still have an axial movement allowance, which avoids the situation in which the struts are held against the brake nips so that they cannot clamp the brake disc.
  • the rear support mechanism is a U-shaped spring fork, and the two upper ends of the U-shaped spring fork are bent into a forwardly folded plug, and the plug is inserted into the rear end surface of the brake clamp. In the hole.
  • the invention has a loose screw hole on the front end surface of the brake clamp block, and a loose lock hole opposite to the position of the loose screw hole on the front surface of the front baffle plate.
  • a bearing or a roller is disposed on the front end of the brake push rod to reduce the frictional resistance between the brake clamp and the brake push rod end during the safety brake.
  • the invention adopts a high-strength rigid body base as a base member and a wedge-shaped groove forming component, and the synergistic action in the brake trigger mechanism, the clamp wall supporting mechanism, the front baffle, the limit cover plate and the needle roller sliding row
  • the flexible movement of the brake clamp, the reliable braking and the eccentric blocking of the brake disc are realized, thereby eliminating the deformation of the device and avoiding the false braking caused by the eccentric rotation of the brake disc, so that the reliability of the device is greatly improved. It meets the requirements of the standard and truly realizes the productization, making it possible to promote and apply the safety brake.
  • the invention utilizes a brake triggering mechanism to apply a positive pushing force to the brake clamping block, so that the friction plate on the brake clamping block abuts against the disk surface of the wheel disk, and is driven by the friction force formed between the disk surface and the disk surface.
  • the two brake nips having the composite wedge structure are inserted into the small end of the base wedge groove, thereby quickly clamping the wheel to achieve the purpose of emergency braking the wheel.
  • the lock disk device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small occupied position, convenient installation on the wheel side of the hoisting lifting device, stable and reliable braking for the large torque wheel, and solving the problem that the existing hoisting lifting device has no safety brake
  • the problem of the installation position also effectively solves the problem of the hoisting and lifting equipment being inconvenient on the wheel side or unable to install the safety brake due to the site.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • the lock disk device of the present invention comprises a base 2, a brake clamp block 7, a clamp wall supporting mechanism, a needle roller slide 13, a front baffle 3, a limit cover plate 1 and a brake trigger mechanism. 10 and so on.
  • the base 2 includes a bottom plate 21 and two oppositely disposed thick-walled side risers 22.
  • the bottom plate 21 and the two side risers 22 are integrally formed from high-strength low carbon steel to maintain maximum rigidity.
  • the inner walls of the two side risers 22 are both lateral sloped surfaces, so that a wedge-shaped groove having a large front end opening and a small rear end opening is formed between the two side vertical plates 22.
  • Mounting holes for the brake trigger mechanism are formed on the side uprights 22.
  • the mounting hole is a stepped circular hole in which the brake trigger mechanism 10 is mounted.
  • the brake clamp block 7 has two symmetrical shapes, and the back surface of the brake clamp block 7 is a lateral slope surface, so that the brake clamp block The body forms a wedge.
  • Two brake calipers 7 are arranged in parallel in the wedge-shaped grooves formed between the two side risers 22 on the base 2, but between the two brake nips are parallel brake disk passages.
  • a friction plate 4 is provided on the clamping surface of the brake caliper 7, and a lateral sliding groove 71 is formed on the rear surface of the brake caliper 7.
  • the brake trigger mechanism 10 is coupled to the brake push rod 12 by a compression spring.
  • the brake triggering mechanism 10 can be an electromagnet, a hydraulic device or a pneumatic device, etc., and can be a power failure trigger or a power-triggered operation mode.
  • the brake trigger mechanism 10 is inserted into the mounting hole from the outside of the side vertical plate 22, and the brake push rod 12 passes through the mounting hole, and the front end thereof passes through the opening in the inner wall of the side vertical plate 22 and abuts against the brake clamp 7 On the lateral chute 71.
  • a bearing 11 is provided on the front end of the brake pusher 12, and a roller or the like may be provided to reduce the frictional resistance between the brake clamp 7 and the brake pusher tip during the safe braking.
  • the clamp wall supporting mechanism includes a front supporting mechanism for laterally elastically pushing the front portions of the two brake clips and lateral elastic pushing of the rear portions of the two brake clips Rear support mechanism.
  • the front ejector mechanism includes a struts 6 and a top spring 5 sleeved on the struts 6; the two ends of the struts 6 are inserted into the insertion holes which are opened at the clamping surface of the brake caliper 7 near the front end position.
  • the diameter of the strut 6 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole, so that the strut 6 has an axial movable margin.
  • Both ends of the top spring 5 abut against the clamping faces of the brake caliper block 7, so that the front end of the brake caliper 7 abuts against the side uprights 22.
  • the center line of the insertion hole on the brake caliper 7 is perpendicular to the clamping surface of the brake caliper, and the depth of the insertion hole is controlled when the two brake calipers are in the clamping braking position, the struts 6 are still There is an axial activity margin.
  • the insertion hole is opened at a position where the clamping surface of the brake caliper 7 is close to the lower portion of the front end to allow the working channel of the brake disc in the disc locker to be opened.
  • the rear support mechanism is a U-shaped spring fork 9, and the two upper ends of the U-shaped spring fork 9 are bent into a forwardly angled plug, and a jack is formed on the rear end surface of the brake clamp block 7, and a plug is inserted.
  • the rear end of the brake nipple 7 is brought against the side upright 22 by the elastic restoring action of the U-shaped yoke 9.
  • the clamping block wall supporting mechanism realizes the elastic wall supporting of the brake clamping block, so that the state of the brake clamping block and the smoothness of the brake disk passage between the two brake clamping blocks can be realized, which is beneficial to Avoid accidental braking.
  • the front struts in the wall-retaining mechanism of the clamp block also has the function of synchronously moving the two brake nips 7 to avoid the situation that the safety brake cannot be performed due to the unsynchronization of the brake nips. occur.
  • the front baffle 3 is fixed at the front port of the wedge-shaped groove of the base 2 for blocking the brake nip 7 in the wedge-shaped groove to prevent the brake caliper from coming out of the front port of the wedge-shaped groove.
  • the front baffle 3 may be a one-piece plate with a gap in the middle shown in FIG. 1, or two symmetrical bodies that are disconnected in the middle.
  • the width of the intermediate slit or spacing of the front baffle 3 is greater than the thickness of the brake disc to provide a rotational working space for the brake disc.
  • a fixing hole 33 is opened, and a fixing screw hole 23 is formed on the front end surface of the base 2.
  • the front bezel 3 can be fixed at the front port of the base wedge groove by using a fixing bolt.
  • the limiting cover 1 may be a tongue formed on the inner side of the side upright 21 and integrally formed with the base 2, or may be a separate cover.
  • the limiting cover 1 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of two elongated soft metal plates (such as copper plates, etc.), and each limiting cover 1 is fixed on the top surface of one side vertical plate 21.
  • the limit cover 1 may also be a metal plate to which a copper strip is attached at its inner side.
  • Each of the limiting cover plates 1 is fixed to the upper edge of a side vertical plate 22 by a fastener, and the limiting cover plate 1 protrudes inwardly, and the inner side thereof is covered above the wedge groove of the base for sealing the brake clip Block to prevent the brake clip from coming off the top of the wedge groove.
  • the inner extension of the limit cover 1 is such that the inner side of the brake clip on the side of the limit cover is in the initial position (but cannot exceed the position of the brake block in the working position).
  • the clamping surface is used to limit the yaw rotation of the brake disc by the inner side to prevent the brake chuck 7 from being touched by the yaw of the brake disc, thereby causing false braking.
  • a needle roller slide 13 is also provided in the base wedge groove.
  • the needle roller slide 13 is an L-shaped flap, and three rows of needle rollers are arranged on the surface thereof - two rows of side walls and one row of bottom faces, and two rows of needle rollers on the side walls are used to support the rear wall of the brake clamp block.
  • a row of needle rollers on the bottom surface is used to support the bottom surface of the brake caliper.
  • the needle roller slide 13 abuts against the side wall of the base wedge groove and the bottom surface of the groove for providing sufficient effective sliding support for the brake caliper 2 to reduce the frictional resistance between the brake caliper 7 and the inner wall of the wedge groove.
  • a lateral strip hole is formed in the surface between the upper and lower rows of needle rollers on the side wall of the needle roller slide 13 to allow the brake pusher 12 to pass through the needle roller.
  • a tension spring 14 is attached to the front end of the needle roller slide 13, and the front end of the tension spring 14 is fixed to the front bezel 3 by the top wire 8.
  • the fixing manner is that a through hole locating hole 32 is formed in the front surface of the front baffle 3, and a threaded hole for threading the top wire is opened on the side edge of the front baffle 3, and the screw hole and the tension spring are positioned. The holes 32 are communicated, and the top wire is screwed from the screw hole.
  • the front end of the tension spring 14 can be positioned.
  • the purpose of the tension spring is to elastically pull the needle roller 13 to prevent the needle roller 13 from coming off the rear slot of the wedge groove as the brake clamp moves, and can automatically return when the brake is operated. Bit.
  • the brake trigger mechanism 10 presses against the compression spring, and the brake pusher 12 does not touch the brake clamp 2, and the wheel rim of the brake disc can normally pass through the working passage between the two brake clamps.
  • the system sends a signal to disconnect the working power of the lock disc, the brake trigger mechanism 10 releases the compression spring, and the brake push rod 12 is rapidly moved by the compression spring.
  • the front pusher pushes the brake clamp 7 against the brake disc, and the high-speed rotating brake disc drives the brake clamp 7 to move toward the small port of the wedge groove by the frictional force between the brake disc and the brake clamp, thereby being
  • the brake clamp 2 with lateral relative motion in the lower wedge-shaped motion state is quickly clamped, thereby achieving the purpose of emergency braking.
  • Two loose screw holes 72 are also formed in the front end surface of the brake caliper block 7, and a lock hole 31 is formed on the front surface of the front baffle plate 3 opposite to the position of the loose screw hole.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种锁盘器，包括底座（2）、制动夹块（7）、夹块靠壁撑顶机构、前挡板（3）、限位盖板（1）、滚针滑排（13）和制动触发机构（10）等。底座（2）包括底板（21）和一体地设立在底板（21）上的两个侧立板（22），两个侧立板（22）相对设置，其内壁均为横向斜坡面，使两个侧立板之间形成前端开口大、后端开口小的楔形槽，在侧立板（22）上开有穿接制动触发机构（10）的安装孔。夹块靠壁撑顶机构包括前撑顶机构和后撑顶机构。该锁盘器实现了制动夹块的灵活移动、可靠制动和制动盘偏心阻挡，由此消除了装置变形，避免了因制动盘偏心转动导致的误制动，使得装置的可靠性大幅提高，满足了标准要求，真正实现了产品化，使安全制动器的推广应用成为可能。

Description

锁盘器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种安全制动器，具体地说是一种用于对轮盘进行安全制动的锁盘器。
背景技术
为解决现有用于轮盘侧的安全制动器体积大、占地多和安装困难的问题，申请人在先申请了一种锁盘器专利(公开号为CN 105480890A)，这种锁盘器包括两个相向设置的框架，两个所述框架之间为夹持轮盘用的夹盘缝隙，在每个所述框架中设置有制动夹块，两个框架中的所述制动夹块的夹合面相对，在所述制动夹块的夹合面上设置有摩擦片；两个所述制动夹块构成组合楔形体，两个所述框架构成卡接组合楔形体的组合楔形槽；在所述框架上设置有拉簧，所述拉簧与框架中的所述制动夹块相接，以拉动制动夹块使其背面贴靠在框架内缘上。这种锁盘器体积小，便于安装在现有各种卷扬起重设备的制动轮盘上，依靠楔形结构可对大扭矩轮盘实施紧急制动。
但是，这种锁盘器在使用时还存在一定的不足，如在大力矩制动时偶有装置变形的情况发生，导致不能锁死制动盘，另外，如果制动盘偏心转动，就会发生误制动，这些都会导致锁盘器的可靠性降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种高可靠性的锁盘器，以解决现有锁盘器存在的可靠性不高的问题。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种锁盘器，包括底座、制动夹块、夹块靠壁撑顶机构、前挡板和制动触发机构。
所述底座包括底板和一体地设立在所述底板上的两个侧立板，两个所述侧立板相对设置，其内壁均为横向斜坡面，使两个所述侧立板之间形成前端开口大、后端开口小的楔形槽，在所述侧立板上开有穿接制动触发机构的安装孔。
所述制动夹块为并置的两个，设置在所述底座上的两个所述侧立板之间所形成的楔形槽中；在所述制动夹块的夹合面上设置有摩擦片，所述制动夹块的背面 为横向斜坡面，使制动夹块本体形成楔形体，在所述制动夹块的背面开有供制动推杆***的横向滑槽。
所述夹块靠壁撑顶机构包括对两个所述制动夹块的前部进行横向弹性推顶的前撑顶机构以及对两个所述制动夹块的后部进行横向弹性推顶的后撑顶机构。
所述前挡板固定在所述底座的楔形槽的前端口处，用于阻挡楔形槽中的制动夹块从前端口的脱出。
所述制动触发机构通过压缩弹簧与制动推杆相接，所述制动触发机构安装在所述侧立板的所述安装孔中，所述制动推杆穿过所述安装孔，其前端部从侧立板内壁上的孔口中穿出并顶靠在制动夹块的所述横向滑槽中。
本发明还包括有有限位盖板，所述限位盖板横向设置在所述侧立板的上沿，用于封挡所述制动夹块从楔形槽顶部的脱出；所述限位盖板的内侧沿超出限位盖板所在侧的所述制动夹块于初始位置时的夹合面，以对制动盘的偏摆进行限位，防止因制动盘偏摆造成的误制动。
本发明还包括有滚针滑排，所述滚针滑排为L形折板，在其板面上设有若干成排设置的滚针；所述滚针滑排贴靠在底座楔形槽的侧壁和槽底面，用于为所述制动夹块提供滑动支撑，以减少制动夹块与底座楔形槽之间的滑动摩擦。
本发明在所述滚针滑排的前端接有拉簧，所述拉簧的另一端通过顶丝固定在所述前挡板上。
所述前撑顶机构包括支杆和套接在所述支杆上的顶簧，所述支杆的两端插接在所述制动夹块的夹合面靠近前端位置上开出的穿插孔中，所述支杆的直径小于所述穿插孔的直径，所述顶簧的两端顶靠在所述制动夹块的夹合面上。
所述穿插孔开在所述制动夹块的夹合面靠近前端下部的位置上，以使前撑顶机构让开两个制动夹块之间的制动盘通道，保证卷扬机类起重设备的正常工作；所述穿插孔的中心线垂直于制动夹块的夹合面，所述穿插孔的深度控制在当两个制动夹块处于夹紧制动位时所述支杆仍有轴向活动余量，这样就可避免支杆顶住制动夹块而使其不能夹紧制动盘的情况出现。
所述后撑顶机构为U形簧叉，所述U形簧叉的两个上伸端弯制成向前折角的插头，所述插头插接在制动夹块后端面上开出的插孔中。
本发明在所述制动夹块的前端面开有松闸螺孔，在所述前挡板的板面上开有与所述松闸螺孔位置相对的松闸孔。
在所述制动推杆的前端头上设置有轴承或滚轮，以减少制动夹块在安全制动时与制动推杆端头之间的摩擦阻力。
本发明以一个高强度的刚性体底座作为基础构件和楔形槽的形成部件，在制动触发机构、夹块靠壁撑顶机构、前挡板、限位盖板和滚针滑排的协同作用下，实现了制动夹块的灵活移动、可靠制动和制动盘偏心阻挡，由此消除了装置变形，避免了因制动盘偏心转动导致的误制动，使得装置的可靠性大幅提高，满足了标准要求，真正实现了产品化，使安全制动器的推广应用成为可能。
本发明利用制动触发机构对制动夹块施加正向推动力，使制动夹块上的摩擦片贴靠到轮盘的盘面上，在与轮盘盘面间所形成的摩擦力的带动下，使具有复合楔形结构的两个制动夹块进入到底座楔形槽的小口端，从而快速夹紧轮盘，达到紧急制动轮盘的目的。
本发明锁盘器结构简单，占用位置小，方便安装在卷扬起重设备的轮盘侧，对大扭矩轮盘可实施稳定可靠的制动，解决了现有卷扬起重设备没有安全制动器安装位置的难题，也有效地解决了卷扬起重设备因场地所限在轮盘侧不便或不能安装安全制动器的老大难问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中：1、限位盖板，2、底座，21、底板，22、侧立板，23、固定螺孔，3、前挡板，31、松闸孔，32、拉簧定位孔，33、固定孔，4、摩擦片，5、顶簧，6、支杆，7、制动夹块，71、横向滑槽，72、松闸螺孔，8、顶丝，9、U形簧叉，10、制动触发机构，11、轴承，12、制动推杆，13、滚针滑排，14、拉簧。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明锁盘器包括底座2、制动夹块7、夹块靠壁撑顶机构、滚针滑排13、前挡板3、限位盖板1和制动触发机构10等部分。
底座2包括底板21和两个相对设置的厚壁侧立板22，底板21和两个侧立板22是用高强度的低碳钢一体制造成型，可以保持最大的刚性。两个侧立板22的内壁均为横向斜坡面，使两个侧立板22之间形成前端开口大、后端开口小的楔形槽。在侧立板22上开有穿接制动触发机构的安装孔。该安装孔为阶梯圆孔，制动触发机构10安装在该安装孔内。
制动夹块7有对称的两个，制动夹块7的背面为横向斜坡面，使制动夹块本 体形成楔形体。两个制动夹块7并行设置在底座2上的由两个侧立板22之间所形成的楔形槽中，但两个制动夹块之间为平行的制动盘通道。在制动夹块7的夹合面上设置有摩擦片4，在制动夹块7的背面开有横向滑槽71。
制动触发机构10通过压缩弹簧与制动推杆12相接。制动触发机构10可以是电磁铁、液压装置或者气动装置等，可以是失电触发，也可以是得电触发的工作方式。制动触发机构10从侧立板22的外侧***安装孔中，制动推杆12穿过安装孔，其前端从侧立板22内壁上的孔口中穿出并顶靠在制动夹块7的横向滑槽71上。在制动推杆12的前端头上设置有轴承11，也可设置滚轮等，以减少制动夹块7在安全制动时与制动推杆端头之间的摩擦阻力。
所述夹块靠壁撑顶机构包括对两个所述制动夹块的前部进行横向弹性推顶的前撑顶机构以及对两个所述制动夹块的后部进行横向弹性推顶的后撑顶机构。
前撑顶机构包括支杆6和套接在支杆6上的顶簧5；支杆6的两端插接在制动夹块7的夹合面靠近前端位置上开出的穿插孔中，支杆6的直径小于穿插孔的直径，使支杆6具有轴向活动余量。顶簧5的两端顶靠在制动夹块7的夹合面上，使制动夹块7的前端贴靠在侧立板22上。制动夹块7上的穿插孔的中心线垂直于制动夹块的夹合面，穿插孔的深度控制在当两个制动夹块处于夹紧制动位时，支杆6仍有轴向的活动余量。穿插孔开在制动夹块7的夹合面靠近前端下部的位置上，以让开锁盘器中制动盘的工作通道。
后撑顶机构是一个U形簧叉9，U形簧叉9的两个上伸端弯制成向前折角的插头，在制动夹块7的后端面上开有插孔，一个插头插接在一个制动夹块7上的插孔中，利用U形簧叉9的弹性复位扩展作用，可使制动夹块7的后端贴靠在侧立板22上。
夹块靠壁撑顶机构实现了对制动夹块的弹性靠壁撑顶，这样就可实现制动夹块的状态稳定和两制动夹块之间的制动盘通道的通畅，有利于避免误制动情况的发生。另外，夹块靠壁撑顶机构中的前撑顶机构还具有使两个制动夹块7实现同步动作的作用，以避免出现因制动夹块不同步现象而使安全制动不能的情况发生。
前挡板3固定在底座2的楔形槽的前端口处，用于阻挡楔形槽中的制动夹块7，防止制动夹块从楔形槽的前端口脱出。前挡板3可以是图1所示的中间带豁口的整块板体，也可以是中间断开的两个对称本体。前挡板3的中间豁口或间隔的宽度要大于制动盘的厚度，以便为制动盘提供转动工作空间。在前挡板3下部 开有固定孔33，在底座2的前端面开有位置相对的固定螺孔23，使用固定螺栓，即可将前挡板3固定在底座楔形槽的前端口处。
限位盖板1可以是设立在侧立板21上沿内侧并与底座2一体成型的檐口，也可以是单独的盖板。图1所示的限位盖板1是由两个长条形的软质金属板(如铜板等)组成，每个限位盖板1固定在一个侧立板21的上沿顶面。限位盖板1也可以是在其内侧端贴附铜条的金属板。每个限位盖板1通过紧固件固定在一个侧立板22的上沿，限位盖板1向内侧伸出，其内侧沿遮盖在底座楔形槽的上方，用于封挡制动夹块，防止制动夹块从楔形槽的顶部脱出。另外，限位盖板1的内伸度是要使内侧沿超出该限位盖板所在侧的制动夹块于初始位置时的夹合面(但不能超出制动夹块于工作位置时的夹合面)，其作用是依靠内侧沿对制动盘的偏摆转动进行限位，防止因制动盘偏摆转动触碰到制动夹块7，造成误制动。
在底座楔形槽中还设置有滚针滑排13。滚针滑排13为L形折板，在其板面上设有三排滚针——侧壁两排、底面一排，侧壁上的两排滚针用于支撑制动夹块的后壁，底面的一排滚针用于支撑制动夹块的底面。滚针滑排13贴靠在底座楔形槽的侧壁和槽底面，用于为制动夹块2提供充足有效的滑动支撑，以减少制动夹块7与楔形槽内壁之间的摩擦阻力。在滚针滑排13的侧壁的上、下两排滚针之间的板面上开有横向条孔，以使制动推杆12穿过滚针滑排。在滚针滑排13的前端接有拉簧14，拉簧14的前端通过顶丝8固定在前挡板3上。具体固定方式是，在前挡板3的板面上开有贯通的拉簧定位孔32，在前挡板3的侧沿上开有穿接顶丝的螺孔，该螺孔与拉簧定位孔32相通，将顶丝从螺孔中拧入，在穿套拉簧前端的拉环后，拧紧在螺孔中，即可将拉簧14的前端定位。设置拉簧的目的是对滚针滑排13进行弹性拉接，防止滚针滑排13随着制动夹块的移动而从楔形槽后端口脱出，并可在松闸操作时，实现自动回位。
正常情况下，制动触发机构10压住压缩弹簧，制动推杆12不触动制动夹块2，制动盘的轮沿得以在两个制动夹块间的工作通道中正常通过。当发生(卷扬机的制动器失灵等)紧急情况时，***发出信号，断开本锁盘器的工作电源，制动触发机构10释放压缩弹簧，制动推杆12在压缩弹簧的作用下被迅速向前推出，推动制动夹块7压向制动盘，高速转动的制动盘通过与制动夹块间的摩擦力，带动制动夹块7向着楔形槽的小端口方向移动，从而被两个下楔形运动状态下带有横向相对运动的制动夹块2快速夹死，由此实现紧急制动的目的。
在制动夹块7的前端面上还开有两个松闸螺孔72，在前挡板3的板面上开有与松闸螺孔位置相对的松闸孔31。当制动夹块2夹死制动盘后，可以通过手动操作的方式，利用松闸螺栓穿入制动夹块7的松闸螺孔中，在连续拧动松闸螺栓的过程中，即可将制动夹块2强制回拉，从而使夹死的锁盘器打开，实现松闸操作。这种松闸方式十分简便，便于维修人员的学习和操作。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种锁盘器，其特征是，包括底座、制动夹块、夹块靠壁撑顶机构、前挡板和制动触发机构；
    所述底座包括底板和一体地设立在所述底板上的两个侧立板，两个所述侧立板相对设置，其内壁均为横向斜坡面，使两个所述侧立板之间形成前端开口大、后端开口小的楔形槽，在所述侧立板上开有穿接制动触发机构的安装孔；
    所述制动夹块为并置的两个，设置在所述底座上的两个所述侧立板之间所形成的楔形槽中；在所述制动夹块的夹合面上设置有摩擦片，所述制动夹块的背面为横向斜坡面，使制动夹块本体形成楔形体，在所述制动夹块的背面开有供制动推杆***的横向滑槽；
    所述夹块靠壁撑顶机构包括对两个所述制动夹块的前部进行横向弹性推顶的前撑顶机构以及对两个所述制动夹块的后部进行横向弹性推顶的后撑顶机构；
    所述前挡板固定在所述底座的楔形槽的前端口处，用于阻挡楔形槽中的制动夹块从前端口的脱出；
    所述制动触发机构通过压缩弹簧与制动推杆相接，所述制动触发机构安装在所述侧立板的所述安装孔中，所述制动推杆穿过所述安装孔，其前端部从侧立板内壁上的孔口中穿出并顶靠在制动夹块的所述横向滑槽中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锁盘器，其特征是，还包括有限位盖板，所述限位盖板横向设置在所述侧立板的上沿，用于封挡所述制动夹块从楔形槽顶部的脱出；所述限位盖板的内侧沿超出限位盖板所在侧的所述制动夹块于初始位置时的夹合面，以对制动盘的偏摆进行限位。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的锁盘器，其特征是，还包括有滚针滑排，所述滚针滑排为L形折板，在其板面上设有若干成排设置的滚针；所述滚针滑排贴靠在底座楔形槽的侧壁和槽底面，用于为所述制动夹块提供滑动支撑。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的锁盘器，其特征是，在所述滚针滑排的前端接有拉簧，所述拉簧的另一端通过顶丝固定在所述前挡板上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锁盘器，其特征是，所述前撑顶机构包括支杆和套接在所述支杆上的顶簧，所述支杆的两端插接在所述制动夹块的夹合面靠近前 端位置上开出的穿插孔中，所述支杆的直径小于所述穿插孔的直径，所述顶簧的两端顶靠在所述制动夹块的夹合面上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的锁盘器，其特征是，所述穿插孔开在所述制动夹块的夹合面靠近前端下部的位置上，所述穿插孔的中心线垂直于制动夹块的夹合面，所述穿插孔的深度控制在当两个制动夹块处于夹紧制动位时所述支杆仍有轴向活动余量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的锁盘器，其特征是，所述后撑顶机构为U形簧叉，所述U形簧叉的两个上伸端弯制成向前折角的插头，所述插头插接在制动夹块后端面上开出的插孔中。
  8. 根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6或7所述的锁盘器，其特征是，在所述制动夹块的前端面开有松闸螺孔，在所述前挡板的板面上开有与所述松闸螺孔位置相对的松闸孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6或7所述的锁盘器，其特征是，在所述制动推杆的前端头上设置有轴承或滚轮。
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US10988357B2 (en) 2021-04-27
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