WO2018112902A1 - 一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/03—Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00946—Features relating to the reactants or products
- B01J2208/00955—Sampling of the particulate material, the reactants or the products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
- B01J2219/00011—Laboratory-scale plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of natural gas hydrate exploitation, and particularly relates to an experimental device and a method for studying the relationship between the sand production behavior and the radial deformation of a porous medium during the exploitation of natural gas hydrate.
- Natural gas hydrate is a kind of cage-shaped crystalline compound produced by natural gas and water under low temperature and high pressure. Its shape is like ice and snow, and it is burned in case of fire. It is commonly called “combustible ice”. Natural gas hydrates in natural gas hydrates are mainly methane (>90%). At normal temperature and pressure, 1 m 3 of natural gas hydrate decomposes and releases about 160 m 3 of natural gas, so natural gas hydrates have extremely high energy density. Natural gas hydrates in nature are mainly found in sedimentary layers of the continental shelf and terrestrial tundra. In 1964, scientists first discovered natural gas hydrates in the Siberian tundra. Soon after, natural gas hydrates found in seabed sediments were discovered in the Black Sea.
- Natural gas hydrate mining technology is one of the key links to realize the development and utilization of natural gas hydrate resources. Unlike conventional fossil fuels, natural gas hydrates exist in a solid form in a porous medium. The basic idea of mining is: by changing the temperature-pressure environment in which the natural gas hydrate is stable, that is, the hydrate phase equilibrium condition, the solid hydrate is decomposed into natural gas and water in the reservoir and then the natural gas is produced. Accordingly, scientists have proposed several conventional mining techniques, such as: the pressure reduction method, the heat shock method, and the chemical reagent method.
- porous media In the previous simulation experiments, large particles were used to make porous media (particle size >100um), so that the hydrate decomposition process
- the porous medium skeleton cannot be changed, but the particle size of the porous medium in the actual hydrate deposit is composed of 0.01 um microparticles to 500 um large particles, and sand production and deformation are unavoidable during hydrate mining.
- the radial deformation of the porous medium around the well may be the main cause of collapse and sand production in the wellbore.
- natural gas hydrate mining experimental devices have tended to be more accurate measurement and close to the actual development of the field.
- one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an experimental apparatus for studying the relationship between sand-producing behavior and radial deformation of a porous medium during gas hydrate production, by carrying a real-sized mining wellbore and being replaceable.
- the perforating adapter can simulate the sand-producing behavior of hydrate during the mining process and the flow behavior of gas-liquid solidification in the wellbore, and obtain the sand-forming and radial deformation data of the porous medium during the hydrate mining process, so as to find out the sand-producing behavior.
- the relationship between radial deformation and porous media provides basic experimental data and theoretical basis for hydrate mining technology.
- An experimental device for studying the relationship between sand production behavior and radial deformation of porous media during natural gas hydrate production including high pressure reactor, hydrate sample chamber, simulated wellbore, deformation measurement unit, ambient temperature control unit, outlet control unit, and inlet a control unit and a data processing unit;
- the high pressure reaction kettle is placed in an ambient temperature control unit for providing a confining pressure that simulates actual geological conditions, including an upper kettle lid, a kettle body, and a lower kettle lid;
- the high-pressure reaction kettle is further provided with a flexible rubber sleeve, and the flexible rubber sleeve, the upper kettle lid and the lower kettle lid enclose a hydrate sample chamber, and the hydrate sample chamber is filled with a porous medium having a particle diameter of less than 100 um, the flexibility a rubber sleeve, a kettle body and a surrounding pressure chamber between the upper kettle lid and the lower kettle lid;
- the simulated wellbore is a hollow cylindrical structure with perforations on the side wall, which is located in the hydrate sample cavity to simulate the sand production behavior of the hydrate mining process;
- the deformation measuring unit comprises a set of radial deformation measuring units, the radial deformation unit comprising a plurality of hard connecting rods radially distributed along the flexible rubber sleeve, one end of the hard connecting rod is connected to the outer wall of the flexible rubber sleeve, The other end of the hard connecting rod passes through the outer wall of the autoclave and is connected to a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor measures the radial deformation of the porous medium in the hydrate sample cavity by measuring the movement of the hard connecting rod;
- the ambient temperature control unit is configured to control a temperature of a hydrate formation process, a decomposition process, and a sampling process in the high pressure reactor;
- the inlet control unit is configured to inject water and natural gas into the hydrate sample chamber
- the outlet control unit is configured to control the outlet pressure of the simulated wellbore during the hydrate mining process, and perform separation and data measurement of the outlet output;
- the sensing elements of the high pressure reaction kettle, the deformation measuring unit, the ambient temperature control unit, the outlet control unit, and the inlet control unit are electrically connected to the data processing unit through a signal line, and the data processing unit is configured to collect and process the sensing of each sensing element. signal.
- the outlet control unit includes a fluid-solid separator, an outlet pressure controller, and a gas-liquid separator that are sequentially connected, the fluid-solid separator being installed at an outlet of the simulated wellbore.
- the radial deformation measuring unit is a plurality of groups and is evenly distributed along the flexible rubber sleeve for measuring the radial deformation of the porous medium in the axial direction.
- the size of the simulated wellbore is the same as the size of the actual wellbore, and the perforation of the simulated wellbore is also A adapter for changing the size of the perforation is provided, the adapter being detachably mounted on the perforation.
- the adapter is also provided with a sand control net for simulating sand control and/or a dead plug for simulating a blocked state.
- the simulated wellbore is also provided with a sensor and an endoscope for directly measuring and observing the sand production situation in the simulated wellbore and the flow in the well.
- the upper kettle lid and the lower kettle lid and the kettle body of the high-pressure reaction kettle adopt a clamp fixing structure, and the high-pressure reaction vessel can provide a confining pressure of up to 25 MPa through the rubber ring seal.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an experimental method for studying the relationship between sand-producing behavior and radial deformation of a porous medium during natural gas hydrate production, by realistically simulating the sediment-producing behavior of the hydrate during the mining process and the gas-liquid solidification in the wellbore
- the internal flow behavior obtaining sand production and radial deformation data of porous media during hydrate mining, so as to find out the relationship between sand production behavior and radial deformation of porous media, and provide basic experimental data and theoretical basis for hydrate mining technology.
- the experimental method includes the following steps:
- the method for controlling the simulated wellbore outlet pressure by the outlet control unit is: first filling the fluid-solid separator of the outlet control unit with water and keeping the pressure in the fluid-solid separator the same as in the high-pressure reactor, and then opening the simulated wellbore outlet valve.
- the simulated wellbore outlet pressure is controlled by an outlet pressure control valve.
- the method for real-time metering the gas, water and sand output of the wellbore through the outlet control unit is: firstly separating the sand by the fluid-solid separator, and weighing the weight of the screen sand remover in the fluid-solid separator in real time. Metering the output of sand, the fluid flowing out of the fluid-solid separator is separated into water and gas through a gas-liquid separator, and passed through The electronic balance measures the output of water in real time, and the gas output is measured in real time by the gas flow meter.
- the measurement of the radial deformation of the porous medium in a circumferential section thereof is realized by a set of radial deformation measuring units disposed on the flexible rubber sleeve, and a plurality of sets of radial deformation measuring units are arranged axially along the flexible rubber sleeve.
- the measurement of the radial deformation of the plurality of circumferential sections of the porous medium from top to bottom is carried out, thereby obtaining the overall radial deformation of the porous medium, and the combination of the hard connecting rod and the flexible rubber sleeve overcomes the high pressure reactor.
- the disadvantage of the radial deformation of the porous medium cannot be measured.
- the export control unit Through the export control unit, the gas, water and sand output of the wellbore are measured in real time, and the gas, water and sand output and the radial deformation of the porous medium are analyzed by the data processing unit to find out the relationship between them. Provide basic experimental data and theoretical basis for hydrate mining technology.
- the actual size of the simulated wellbore is the same size as the actual wellbore. It can more realistically simulate the sand production problem that may occur during the natural gas hydrate mining process.
- the adapter is used to adjust the size of the perforation without replacing the simulated wellbore. Under the circumstances, different tests can be realized. By setting a sand-proof net or dead plug on the adapter, it is possible to more realistically simulate the flow problem in the gas-liquid cementing process of the natural gas hydrate mining process.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an experimental apparatus of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of an experimental device of the present invention
- an experimental device for studying sand production behavior and deformation of porous media during natural gas hydrate production including high pressure reactor, hydrate sample chamber, simulated wellbore 5, deformation measurement unit, and ambient temperature control unit , an exit control unit, an import control unit, and a data processing unit 9.
- the high pressure reaction kettle is placed in an ambient temperature control unit for providing a confining pressure simulating actual geological conditions, comprising an upper kettle lid 1, a kettle body 2 and a lower kettle lid 3, the upper kettle lid 1 and the lower kettle lid 3
- the kettle body 2 can be bolted as shown in Fig. 2, or can be clamped, and sealed by a rubber ring, so that the high pressure reactor can provide a confining pressure of up to 25 MPa.
- the high-pressure reaction kettle is further provided with a flexible rubber sleeve 4, and the flexible rubber sleeve 4, the upper kettle lid 1 and the lower kettle 3 cover a hydrate sample chamber, and the hydrate sample chamber is filled with a porous medium having a particle diameter of less than 100 um. And a hydrate is formed in the porous medium, and the flexible rubber sleeve 4, the kettle body 2, and the upper kettle lid 1 and the lower kettle lid 3 enclose a pressure chamber.
- the hydrate sample chamber is cylindrical, and the internally filled porous medium is preferably an actual deposit sample.
- porous medium of the present invention has a particle diameter of less than 100 ⁇ m, and can be visually observed due to hydrate decomposition. Caused by changes in the skeleton of the porous medium.
- the simulated wellbore 5 is a hollow cylindrical structure with perforations 6 on the side wall, which is located in the hydrate sample cavity to simulate the sand production behavior of the hydrate mining process, the simulation
- the size 5 of the wellbore is consistent with the size of the actual wellbore, which can more realistically simulate the sand production problems that may occur during gas hydrate mining.
- the perforation 6 of the simulated wellbore 5 is further provided with a joint 7 for changing the size of the perforation 6, the adapter 7 is detachably mounted on the perforation 6, and the adapter 7 is located at one end of the simulated wellbore 5
- a sand control net 71 for simulating sand control and/or a dead plug 72 for simulating a clogging state for studying hydrate sand production and sand prevention means and the simulation wellbore 5 is also provided with a sensor and an endoscope ( Not shown in the figure), the sensor is connected to the data processing unit 9, and the endoscope is connected to the data processing unit 9 through the endoscope display 8 to directly measure and observe the sand production in the simulated wellbore 5 and the flow in the well.
- the deformation measuring unit includes at least one set of radial deformation measuring units including a plurality of hard connecting rods 10 radially distributed along the flexible rubber sleeve 4, the hard connecting rods 10 being stainless steel rods
- One end is connected to the outer wall of the flexible rubber sleeve 4, the other end is passed through the outer wall of the kettle body 2 of the high-pressure reaction vessel, and is connected to the displacement sensor 11, and the displacement sensor 11 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 9, the displacement sensor 11
- the amount of radial deformation of the porous medium in the hydrate sample chamber is obtained by measuring the movement of the hard link 10 .
- the ambient temperature control unit uses a constant temperature water bath 12 for precisely controlling the temperature of the hydrate formation process, the decomposition process, and the sampling process in the high pressure reactor.
- the inlet control unit injects a set amount of natural gas into the hydrate sample chamber through the booster pump 13, and injects a set amount of water into the hydrate sample chamber through the advection pump 14.
- the outlet control unit is connected at the exit of the simulated wellbore 5 for controlling the outlet pressure of the simulated wellbore 5 during the hydrate production process, and performing separation of the outlet product and gas-liquid solid data measurement, including sequential fluid-solid separation.
- the outlet pressure controller 16 and the gas-liquid separator 17 are installed at the outlet of the simulated wellbore 5 so as to prevent the sand produced by the simulated wellbore 5 from clogging the outlet pressure controller 16 and causing the outlet
- the pressure cannot be controlled, and at the same time, in order to prevent the influence of the fluid-solid separator 15 on the internal pressure of the high-pressure reactor, the fluid-solid separator 15 needs to fill the water to the same pressure as the internal pressure of the high-pressure reactor before the start of the experiment, and then the fluid-solid separator 15 and The high pressure reactor is connected, then the simulated wellbore outlet valve is opened, and the outlet pressure of the simulated wellbore 5 is controlled by the outlet pressure control valve 16.
- the output from the simulated wellbore 5 is first separated by the fluid-solid separator 15, and the amount of sand is measured in real time by the weight change of the screen remover in the weighing fluid-solid separator 15, and the separation from the fluid-solid is performed.
- the fluid flowing out of the device 15 is separated into gas and water by the gas-liquid separator 17, and the output of the water is measured in real time through the electronic balance 18, and the gas output is measured in real time by the gas flow meter 19.
- the sensing elements of the high pressure reactor, the deformation measuring unit, the ambient temperature control unit, the outlet control unit, and the inlet control unit are all electrically connected to the data processing unit 9 through signal lines, and the data processing unit 9 is configured to collect and process the sensing elements. Inductive signal.
- An experimental method for using the above experimental apparatus for studying sand production behavior and deformation of a porous medium during natural gas hydrate production comprising the following steps:
- the method for controlling the outlet pressure of the simulated wellbore 5 by the outlet control unit is: first filling the fluid-solid separator 15 of the outlet control unit with water and keeping the pressure in the fluid-solid separator 15 the same as in the high-pressure reactor, and then opening the simulation
- the wellbore 5 outlet valve controls the outlet pressure of the simulated wellbore 5 through an outlet pressure control valve 16.
- the method for metering the gas, water and sand output in real time through the outlet control unit is: first separating the sand by the fluid-solid separator 15, and measuring the weight change of the screen sand remover in the weighing fluid-solid separator 15 in real time.
- the output of sand, the fluid flowing out of the fluid-solid separator 15 is separated into water and gas through the gas-liquid separator 17, and the output of the water is measured in real time through the electronic balance 18, and the gas output is measured in real time through the gas flow meter 19. the amount.
- the actual size of the simulated wellbore is the same size as the actual wellbore, which can more realistically simulate the sand production problem that may occur during the natural gas hydrate mining process.
- the adapter is used to adjust the size of the perforation without replacing the simulated wellbore. In the case of the case, different tests can be realized. By setting a sand control net or a dead plug on the adapter, it is possible to more realistically simulate the flow problem in the gas-liquid cementing process of the natural gas hydrate production process.
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Abstract
一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为及多孔介质形变的实验装置,包括高压反应釜、水合物样品腔、模拟井筒(5)、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元以及数据处理单元(9)。还公开了一种采用该实验装置进行实验的方法。该实验装置及方法能够便捷地测量水合物分解过程中多孔介质的变形情况和模拟井筒内的出砂情况,能够模拟天然气水合物开采过程产沙问题,能够模拟天然气水合物开采过程气液固井内流动问题,可以准确地获得天然气水合物分解过程中的气固液三相实时产出量,操作简单,易于控制。
Description
本发明涉及天然气水合物开采领域,具体涉及一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置及方法。
天然气水合物(Natural gas hydrate,NGH)是一种在低温高压下由天然气和水生成的一种笼形结晶化合物,其外形如冰雪状,遇火既燃,俗称“可燃冰”。自然界的天然气水合物中的天然气成分主要是甲烷(>90%),在常温常压下1m3的天然气水合物分解释放约160m3天然气,所以天然气水合物具有极高的能量密度。自然界中的天然气水合物主要存在于海洋大陆架的沉积物层和陆地冻土带。1964年,科学家在西伯利亚冻土带首次发现了自然存在的天然气水合物,不久之后,在黑海也发现了赋存于海底沉积物中的天然气水合物。到上世纪90年代,业内学者一致认为,全球天然气水合物所储藏的能量超过所有石油、煤及天然气所储藏能量的总和。在过去的20年中,全球范围内展开包括深海钻探计划(DSDP)、大洋钻探计划(ODP)和综合大洋钻探计划(IODP),对天然气水合物的矿藏资源进行调研。目前全球天然气水合物总量的估计约1015~1018标准立方米,所以,天然气水合物被认为是21世纪石油天然气最具潜力的替代能源。资源调查显示,我国南海、东海陆坡-冲绳海、青藏高原冻土带都蕴藏着天然气水合物。因此,研究出天然气水合物有效、快速、经济的开采方法,为大规模开采天然气水合物提供实验基础和依据,是缓解与日俱增的能源压力的有效途径。
天然气水合物开采技术是实现天然气水合物资源开发利用的关键环节之一。与常规化石能源不同,天然气水合物以固体形态存在于多孔介质中。其开采的基本思路是:通过改变天然气水合物稳定存在的温-压环境,即水合物相平衡条件,造成固体水合物在储层原位分解成天然气和水后再将天然气采出。据此,科学家提出了几种常规开采技术,如:降压法、热激法以及化学试剂法。由于水合物矿藏地质环境复杂,赋存形式多样,并且开采过程包含了复杂的天然气-水-沉积物
-水合物-冰组成的多相体系的相变过程及多相渗流过程,水合物开采过程中伴随水合物分解的多孔介质骨架变化是目前水合物开采中所遇到的最大问题之一。由于固态赋存的天然气水合物变为流动的水和气,原先的水合物矿藏地质特性会发生巨大变化,例如渗透率、孔隙度、力学性质和孔隙压力都发生强烈变化,从而导致多孔介质变形,引起气固液三相混合流动场,最终可能导致地层变形。所以研究天然气水合物分解过程中产沙对多孔介质变形的影响,对于水合物开采技术是否能够顺利完成以及水合物开采技术的安全性有着重要的作用。
当前世界上较为先进的天然气水合物开采研究,其研究重点在不同的开采方法对水合物相变分解的效果,以及水合物分解过程中热量的消耗传递,对于真实条件下,水合物分解过程的复杂相变渗流机理的认识还处于模糊的状态。在水合物开采模拟实验中几乎全部忽略水合物开采过程中产沙与多孔介质形变之间的关系,在以往的模拟实验中利用大颗粒组成多孔介质(粒径>100um),令水合物分解过程中的多孔介质骨架无法变化,但实际水合物矿藏中的多孔介质粒径是由0.01um的微颗粒至500um的大颗粒共同组成的,并且在水合物开采过程中产沙和形变是不可避免的。尤其是在井周围的多孔介质径向形变,可能是导致井壁坍塌和产沙的主要因素,而目前缺乏有效的实验手段对水合物分解引起的径向形变进行测量。目前天然气水合物开采实验装置已趋于更精确测量、贴近野外实际的样式发展,但具体工程实施仍面临着巨大的挑战,现有实验室装置研究成果尚不能完全满足安全经济的实地水合物开采技术的需要,需进一步研究开发可实现更精确反演海底实际水合物藏开采变化和开采设备运行情况的先进实验装备和平台,为实现安全可靠开采奠定坚实的基础。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,通过搭载真实尺寸的开采井筒,以及可更换的射孔转接头,真实模拟水合物在开采过程中的产沙行为以及气液固在井筒内的流动行为,获取水合物开采过程中产沙以及多孔介质径向形变数据,从而找出产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变之间的关系,为水合物开采技术提供基础实验数据及理论依据。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,包括高压反应釜、水合物样品腔、模拟井筒、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元以及数据处理单元;
所述高压反应釜置于环境温度控制单元中,用于提供模拟实际地质条件的围压,其包括上釜盖、釜体和下釜盖;
所述高压反应釜内还设有柔性橡胶套,所述柔性橡胶套、上釜盖和下釜盖围成水合物样品腔,所述水合物样品腔填充有粒径小于100um多孔介质,所述柔性橡胶套、釜体以及上釜盖和下釜盖之间围成围压腔;
所述模拟井筒为侧壁设有射孔的中空圆柱结构,其位于水合物样品腔内,用以模拟水合物开采过程的产沙行为;
所述形变测量单元包括一组径向形变测量单元,所述径向形变单元包括多个沿柔性橡胶套径向均布的硬连接杆,所述硬连接杆的一端与柔性橡胶套外壁连接,所述硬连接杆的另一端穿出高压反应釜釜体外壁,并与位移传感器连接,所述位移传感器通过测量硬连接杆的移动以获取水合物样品腔中多孔介质的径向变形量;
所述环境温度控制单元用于控制高压反应釜中的水合物生成过程、分解过程以及取样过程的温度;
所述进口控制单元用于向水合物样品腔中注入水和天然气;
所述出口控制单元用于控制水合物开采过程中模拟井筒的出口压力,并进行出口产出物的分离及数据计量;
所述高压反应釜、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元的感应元件均通过信号线与数据处理单元电连接,该数据处理单元用以采集和处理各感应元件的感应信号。
所述出口控制单元包括依次连通的流固分离器、出口压力控制器和气液分离器,所述流固分离器安装在模拟井筒的出口处。
所述径向形变测量单元为多组,且沿柔性橡胶套轴向均布,用于测量多孔介质在轴向方向的径向变形情况。
所述模拟井筒的尺寸与实际钻井井筒的尺寸一致,所述模拟井筒的射孔上还
设有用于改变射孔大小的转接头,所述转接头可拆卸地安装在射孔上。
所述转接头上还设置有用于模拟防沙的防沙网或/和用于模拟堵塞状态的死堵。
所述模拟井筒内还设置有传感器和内窥镜,用于直接测量和观察模拟井筒内产沙情况以及井内流动情况。
所述高压反应釜的上釜盖和下釜盖与釜体均采用卡箍固定结构,通过橡胶圈密封使得高压反应釜可提供最高25Mpa的围压。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验方法,通过真实模拟水合物在开采过程中的产沙行为以及气液固在井筒内的流动行为,获取水合物开采过程中产沙以及多孔介质径向形变数据,从而找出产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变之间的关系,为水合物开采技术提供基础实验数据及理论依据,该实验方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将高压反应釜置于环境温度控制单元中,将模拟井筒置于水合物样品腔中,在水合物样品腔内填充粒径小于100um的多孔介质;
S2、设定实验环境温度,设定高压反应釜的实验围压,通过进口控制单元向水合物样品腔中注入水和天然气,生成天然气水合物样品;
S3、当天然气水合物生成完成后,保持高压反应釜围压不变,通过环境温度控制单元控制分解温度,对天然气水合物样品进行分解;
S4、通过出口控制单元控制模拟井筒出口压力,通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒的气、水、沙产出量;
S5、通过形变测量单元测量水合物样品腔中多孔介质的变形量;
S6、分析计算多孔介质的变形量、模拟井筒的产气量、产水量、产沙量,获取水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系。
所述通过出口控制单元控制模拟井筒出口压力的方法是:首先将出口控制单元的流固分离器中注满水并保持流固分离器中压力与高压反应釜内相同,然后打开模拟井筒出口阀门,通过出口压力控制阀控制模拟井筒出口压力。
所述通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒的气、水、沙产出量的方法是:首先通过流固分离器将沙分离,称量流固分离器中的筛网除砂器的重量变化实时计量沙的产出量,从流固分离器流出的流体再经过气液分离器分离成水和气,通过
电子天平实时计量水的产出量,通过气体流量计实时计量气的产出量。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、通过设置在柔性橡胶套上的一组径向形变测量单元,实现对多孔介质在其一圆周截面的径向形变的测量,通过沿柔性橡胶套轴向设置多组径向形变测量单元,实现对多孔介质从上到下的多个圆周截面的径向形变的测量,从而得出多孔介质整体径向形变状况,采用硬连接杆和柔性橡胶套相结合的测量方式,克服了高压反应釜内无法测量多孔介质径向形变的缺点,传统测量方式通过轴向活塞杆移动仅能测量轴向形变,而本发明能够准确测量天然气水合物在开采过程中多孔介质的径向形变,并且柔性外套与硬连接杆连接的测量方式不会影响多孔介质本身的形变和产沙的过程,具有结构简单,测量效果好的优点。
2、通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒的气、水、沙产出量,通过数据处理单元对气、水、沙产出量以及多孔介质径向形变量进行分析,找出它们之间的关系,为水合物开采技术提供基础实验数据及理论依据。
3、采用真实尺寸的模拟井筒,其尺寸大小与实际井筒一致,能够更加真实的模拟天然气水合物开采过程中可能出现的产沙问题,采用转接头调节射孔的大小,在不更换模拟井筒的情况下,就能实现不同的测试,通过在转接头上设置防沙网或死堵,能够更加真实的模拟天然气水合物开采过程气液固井内流动问题。
4、通过在模拟井筒内设置传感器和内窥镜,可直接测量和观察模拟井筒内产沙情况以及井内流动情况。
图1是本发明的实验装置的方框图;
图2是本发明的实验装置结构示意图;
附图标记说明:1-上釜盖;2-釜体;3-下釜盖;4-柔性橡胶套;5-模拟井筒;6-射孔;7-转接头;71-防沙网;72-死堵;8-内窥镜显示屏;9-数据处理单元;10-硬连接杆;11-位移传感器;12-恒温水浴;13-增压泵;14-平流泵;15-流固分离器;16-出口压力控制器;17-气液分离器;18-电子天平;19-气体流量计。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的内容做进一步详细说明。
实施例:
如图1和图2所示,一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为及多孔介质形变的实验装置,包括高压反应釜、水合物样品腔、模拟井筒5、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元以及数据处理单元9。
所述高压反应釜置于环境温度控制单元中,用于提供模拟实际地质条件的围压,其包括上釜盖1、釜体2和下釜盖3,所述上釜盖1和下釜盖3与釜体2可以采用如图2的螺栓固定方式,也可采用卡箍固定结构,通过橡胶圈密封,使得高压反应釜能够提供最高25Mpa的围压。
所述高压反应釜内还设有柔性橡胶套4,所述柔性橡胶套4、上釜盖1和下釜3盖围成水合物样品腔,水合物样品腔内部填充有粒径小于100um多孔介质,并在多孔介质中生成水合物,所述柔性橡胶套4、釜体2以及上釜盖1和下釜盖3之间围成围压腔。本实施例中,水合物样品腔为圆柱形,内部填充的多孔介质优选实际沉积物样品。在以往的模拟实验中利用大颗粒组成多孔介质(粒径>100um),令水合物分解过程中的多孔介质骨架无法变化,本发明的多孔介质粒径小于100um,能够直观观察到由于水合物分解引起的多孔介质骨架变化。
如图2和图3所示,所述模拟井筒5为侧壁设有射孔6的中空圆柱结构,其位于水合物样品腔内,用以模拟水合物开采过程的产沙行为,所述模拟井筒的尺寸5与实际钻井井筒的尺寸一致,能够更加真实的模拟天然气水合物开采过程中可能出现的产沙问题。所述模拟井筒5的射孔6上还设有用于改变射孔6大小的转接头7,所述转接头7可拆卸地安装在射孔6上,转接头7位于模拟井筒5外部的一端设置有用于模拟防沙的防沙网71或/和用于模拟堵塞状态的死堵72,用以研究水合物出沙及防沙手段,所述模拟井筒5内还设置有传感器和内窥镜(图中未示出),传感器与数据处理单元9连接,内窥镜通过内窥镜显示屏8与数据处理单元9连接,可直接测量和观察模拟井筒5内产沙情况以及井内流动情况。
所述形变测量单元包括至少一组径向形变测量单元,该径向形变测量单元包括多个沿柔性橡胶套4径向均布的硬连接杆10,所述硬连接杆10为不锈钢杆,其一端与柔性橡胶套4外壁连接,另一端穿出高压反应釜的釜体2外壁,并与位移传感器11连接,位移传感器11与数据处理单元9电连接,所述位移传感器
11通过测量硬连接杆10的移动以获取水合物样品腔中多孔介质的径向变形量。
径向形变测量单元能够对柔性橡胶套4的一个圆周截面的径向形变进行测量,本实施例的径向形变测量单元包括2套硬连接杆10和位移传感器11,其分别设置在柔性橡胶套4的左右两侧,当然为了测量的更加准确,还可以设置为4套或更多套。为了对整个柔性橡胶套4内的多孔介质的径向形变进行测量,本实施例沿柔性橡胶套4轴向从上往下依次设置有4组径向形变测量单元,从而能够精确测量水合物样品腔中的多孔介质整体变形情况。
所述环境温度控制单元采用恒温水浴12,用于精准控制高压反应釜中的水合物生成过程、分解过程以及取样过程的温度。
所述进口控制单元通过增压泵13向水合物样品腔中注入设定量的天然气,通过平流泵14向水合物样品腔中注入设定量的水。
所述出口控制单元连接在模拟井筒5出口处,用于控制水合物开采过程中模拟井筒5的出口压力,并进行出口产出物的分离及气液固数据计量,包括依次连通的流固分离器15、出口压力控制器16和气液分离器17,流固分离器15安装在模拟井筒5的出口处,这样设计目的是防止模拟井筒5产出的沙将出口压力控制器16堵塞,导致出口压力无法控制,同时为防止流固分离器15对高压反应釜内部压力的影响,流固分离器15在实验开始前需要填充水达到与高压反应釜内部压力相同,再将流固分离器15与高压反应釜连通,然后打开模拟井筒出口阀门,通过出口压力控制阀16控制模拟井筒5出口压力。
从模拟井筒5出来的产出物首先通过流固分离器15将沙分离,通过称量流固分离器15中的筛网除砂器的重量变化实时计量沙的产出量,从流固分离器15流出的流体再通过气液分离器17分离成气和水,再分别通过电子天平18实时计量水的产出量,通过气体流量计19实时计量气的产出量。
所述高压反应釜、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元的感应元件均通过信号线与数据处理单元9电连接,该数据处理单元9用以采集和处理各感应元件的感应信号。
本发明实施例的一种采用上述研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为及多孔介质形变的实验装置的实验方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将高压反应釜置于环境温度控制单元中,将模拟井筒5置于水合物样品
腔中,在水合物样品腔内填充粒径小于100um的多孔介质;
S2、设定实验环境温度,设定高压反应釜的实验围压,通过进口控制单元向水合物样品腔中注入水和天然气,生成天然气水合物样品;
S3、当天然气水合物生成完成后,保持高压反应釜围压不变,通过环境温度控制单元控制分解温度,对天然气水合物样品进行分解;
S4、通过出口控制单元控制模拟井筒5出口压力,通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒5的气、水、沙产出量;
S5、通过形变测量单元测量水合物样品腔中多孔介质的变形量;
S6、分析计算多孔介质的变形量、模拟井筒的产气量、产水量、产沙量,获取水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质形变的关系。
所述通过出口控制单元控制模拟井筒5出口压力的方法是:首先将出口控制单元的流固分离器15中注满水并保持流固分离器15中压力与高压反应釜内相同,然后打开模拟井筒5出口阀门,通过出口压力控制阀16控制模拟井筒5的出口压力。
所述通过出口控制单元实时计量气、水、沙产出量的方法是:首先通过流固分离器15将沙分离,称量流固分离器15中的筛网除砂器的重量变化实时计量沙的产出量,从流固分离器15流出的流体再经过气液分离器17分离成水和气,通过电子天平18实时计量水的产出量,通过气体流量计19实时计量气的产出量。
本发明所提供的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的实验装置,与现有的实验装置相比,具有明显的优势:
(1)通过设置在柔性橡胶套上的一组径向形变测量单元,实现对多孔介质在其一圆周截面的径向形变的测量,通过沿柔性橡胶套轴向设置的多组径向形变测量单元,实现对多孔介质从上到下的多个圆周截面的径向形变的测量,从而得出多孔介质整体径向形变状况,采用硬连接杆和柔性橡胶套相结合的测量方式,能够准确测量天然气水合物在开采过程中多孔介质的径向形变,具有结构简单,测量效果好的优点。
(2)通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒的气、水、沙产出量,通过数据处理单元对气、水、沙产出量以及多孔介质径向形变量进行分析,找出它们之间的关系,为水合物开采技术提供基础实验数据及理论依据。
(3)采用真实尺寸的模拟井筒,其尺寸大小与实际井筒一致,能够更加真实的模拟天然气水合物开采过程中可能出现的产沙问题,采用转接头调节射孔的大小,在不更换模拟井筒的情况下,就能实现不同的测试,通过在转接头上设置防沙网或死堵,能够更加真实的模拟天然气水合物开采过程气液固井内流动问题。
(4)通过在模拟井筒内设置传感器和内窥镜,可直接测量和观察模拟井筒内产沙情况以及井内流动情况。
上述实施例只是为了说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的是在于让本领域内的普通技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容的实质所做出的等效的变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,其特征在于,包括高压反应釜、水合物样品腔、模拟井筒、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元以及数据处理单元;所述高压反应釜置于环境温度控制单元中,用于提供模拟实际地质条件的围压,其包括上釜盖、釜体和下釜盖;所述高压反应釜内还设有柔性橡胶套,所述柔性橡胶套、上釜盖和下釜盖围成水合物样品腔,所述水合物样品腔填充有粒径小于100um多孔介质,所述柔性橡胶套、釜体以及上釜盖和下釜盖之间围成围压腔;所述模拟井筒为侧壁设有射孔的中空圆柱结构,其位于水合物样品腔内,用以模拟水合物开采过程的产沙行为;所述形变测量单元包括一组径向形变测量单元,所述径向形变单元包括多个沿柔性橡胶套径向均布的硬连接杆,所述硬连接杆的一端与柔性橡胶套外壁连接,所述硬连接杆的另一端穿出高压反应釜釜体外壁,并与位移传感器连接,所述位移传感器通过测量硬连接杆的移动以获取水合物样品腔中多孔介质的径向变形量;所述环境温度控制单元用于控制高压反应釜中的水合物生成过程、分解过程以及取样过程的温度;所述进口控制单元用于向水合物样品腔中注入水和天然气;所述出口控制单元用于控制水合物开采过程中模拟井筒的出口压力,并进行出口产出物的分离及数据计量;所述高压反应釜、形变测量单元、环境温度控制单元、出口控制单元、进口控制单元的感应元件均通过信号线与数据处理单元电连接,该数据处理单元用以采集和处理各感应元件的感应信号。
- 根据权利要求1所述的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,其特征在于,所述出口控制单元包括依次连通的流固分离器、出口压力控制器和气液分离器,所述流固分离器安装在模拟井筒的出口处。
- 根据权利要求2所述的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,其特征在于,所述径向形变测量单元为多组,且沿柔性橡胶套轴向均布,用于测量多孔介质在轴向方向的径向变形情况。
- 根据权利要求3所述的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,其特征在于,所述模拟井筒的尺寸与实际钻井井筒的尺寸一致,所述模拟井筒的射孔上还设有用于改变射孔大小的转接头,所述转接头可拆卸地安装在射孔上。
- 根据权利要求4所述的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,所述转接头上还设置有用于模拟防沙的防沙网或/和用于模拟堵塞状态的死堵。
- 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,其特征在于,所述模拟井筒内还设置有传感器和内窥镜,用于直接测量和观察模拟井筒内产沙情况以及井内流动情况。
- 根据权利要求6所述的研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验装置,其特征在于,所述高压反应釜的上釜盖和下釜盖与釜体均采用卡箍固定结构,通过橡胶圈密封使得高压反应釜可提供最高25Mpa的围压。
- 一种研究天然气水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系的实验方法,采用权利要求1-7之一所述的实验装置,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:S1、将高压反应釜置于环境温度控制单元中,将模拟井筒置于水合物样品腔中,在水合物样品腔内填充粒径小于100um的多孔介质;S2、设定实验环境温度,设定高压反应釜的实验围压,通过进口控制单元向水合物样品腔中注入水和天然气,生成天然气水合物样品;S3、当天然气水合物生成完成后,保持高压反应釜围压不变,通过环境温度控制单元控制分解温度,对天然气水合物样品进行分解;S4、通过出口控制单元控制模拟井筒出口压力,通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒的气、水、沙产出量;S5、通过形变测量单元测量水合物样品腔中多孔介质的变形量;S6、分析计算多孔介质的变形量、模拟井筒的产气量、产水量、产沙量,获取水合物开采过程中产沙行为与多孔介质径向形变的关系。
- 根据权利要求7所述的实验方法,其特征在于,所述通过出口控制单元控制模拟井筒出口压力的方法是:首先将出口控制单元的流固分离器中注满水并保持流固分离器中压力与高压反应釜内相同,然后打开模拟井筒出口阀门,通过出口压力控制阀控制模拟井筒出口压力。
- 根据权利要求7所述的实验方法,其特征在于,所述通过出口控制单元实时计量模拟井筒的气、水、沙产出量的方法是:首先通过流固分离器将沙分离,称量流固分离器中的筛网除砂器的重量变化实时计量沙的产出量,从流固分离器流出的流体再经过气液分离器分离成水和气,通过电子天平实时计量水的产出量,通过气体流量计实时计量气的产出量。
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