WO2018103080A1 - 一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺 Download PDF

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WO2018103080A1
WO2018103080A1 PCT/CN2016/109252 CN2016109252W WO2018103080A1 WO 2018103080 A1 WO2018103080 A1 WO 2018103080A1 CN 2016109252 W CN2016109252 W CN 2016109252W WO 2018103080 A1 WO2018103080 A1 WO 2018103080A1
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steel
heat treatment
carbon chromium
bearing steel
chromium bearing
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PCT/CN2016/109252
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French (fr)
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张康
叶永
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张康
叶永
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/109252 priority Critical patent/WO2018103080A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28Normalising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of high carbon chromium bearing steel, in particular to a heat treatment process of high carbon chromium bearing steel.
  • Bearing steel is steel used to make balls, rollers and bearing rings. Bearings are subjected to extreme pressure and friction during operation, so bearing steels are required to have high and uniform hardness and wear resistance, as well as high elastic limits. The uniformity of the chemical composition of the bearing steel, the content and distribution of non-metallic inclusions, and the distribution of carbides are all very strict, and it is one of the most demanding steel grades in all steel production.
  • bearing steel which has high compressive strength and fatigue limit, high hardness, high wear resistance and certain toughness, good hardenability, strict control of sulfur and phosphorus, and is a kind of high-quality steel.
  • the high residual austenite content obtained by the conventional heat treatment process of high carbon chromium bearing steel is very unstable, which easily leads to the change of the dimensional parts of the bearing, leading to premature bearing failure. For this reason, we have proposed a high carbon chromium bearing. Steel heat treatment process to solve the above problems.
  • the present invention proposes a heat treatment process for a high carbon chromium bearing steel.
  • the invention provides a high carbon chromium bearing steel heat treatment process, wherein the high carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following materials by weight: C: 1.1% - 2.2%; Mn: 0.1% - 1.0%; B: 0.3% -1.3%; Ni: 0.1% - 1.1%; Si: 1.1% - 1.5%; Ti: 0.2%-0.5%; Cr: 3.5%-5.5%; Al: 0.15%-0.19%; Be: 0.1%-0.2%; the balance is Fe;
  • the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
  • tempering Put the steel into the tempering furnace, raise the tempering furnace to 150-180 °C, and remove the heat for 1-2 hours to complete the heat treatment of the bearing steel.
  • the carburizing treatment uses gas carburization, and the gas to be passed is ethanol or toluene.
  • the steel material is placed in a vacuum quenching furnace, and after being kept at 860 ° C for 1.5 h, it is quenched into oil at 170 ° C for cooling, and is taken out when the temperature of the steel material is lowered to 165 ° C, and then air-cooled.
  • the composition of the high carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following raw materials by weight: C: 1.3% - 2.0%; Mn: 0.4% - 0.6%; B: 0.6% - 1.0%; Ni: 0.3% - 0.8% ; Si: 1.2% - 1.4%; Ti: 0.3% - 0.4%; Cr: 4.0% - 5.0%; Al: 0.16% - 0.18%; Be: 0.14% - 0.16%;
  • the composition of the high carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following raw materials by weight: C: 1.6%; Mn: 0.5%; B: 0.8%; Ni: 0.5%; Si: 1.3%; Ti: 0.35%; : 4.5%; Al: 0.17%; Be: 0.15%; the balance is Fe.
  • the steel material in S4 is cold treated at a temperature of -70 ° C for 1.5 h.
  • the steel is subjected to conventional annealing and normalizing, and the temperature and time are required to be determined, and the carburizing treatment is performed to improve the performance of the steel and the fatigue life is long, and the carbide is made during the heat treatment. It is finer and evenly distributed, and the content of retained austenite is low.
  • the service life of the resulting bearing steel is obviously longer, and it can be used in different environments and is suitable for promotion.
  • the composition of the high carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following raw materials by weight: C: 1.1%; Mn: 0.1%; B: 0.3%; Ni: 0.1%; Si: 1.1%; Ti: 0.2%; Cr: 3.5%-5.5%; Al: 0.15%; Be: 0.1%; balance: Fe;
  • the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
  • tempering put the steel into the tempering furnace, raise the tempering furnace to 150 ° C, and heat the bearing for 1 h to complete the heat treatment of the bearing steel.
  • the heat treatment process of the high carbon chromium bearing steel proposed by the invention comprises the following materials by weight: C: 1.3%; Mn: 0.4%; B: 0.6%-1.0%; Ni: 0.3%-0.8%; Si: 1.2%-1.4%; Ti: 0.3%-0.4%; Cr: 4.0%-5.0%; Al: 0.16%-0.18%; Be: 0.14%-0.16%; balance is Fe ;
  • the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
  • the steel is placed in a vacuum quenching furnace, and after being incubated at 850 ° C for 1.2 h, it is quenched into 160 ° C oil for cooling, and is taken out when the steel temperature drops to 160 ° C, and then air-cooled;
  • tempering Put the steel into the tempering furnace, heat the tempering furnace to 155 ° C, and remove the heat for 1.2 h to complete the heat treatment of the bearing steel.
  • the composition of the high carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following raw materials by weight: C: 1.6%; Mn: 0.5%; B: 0.8%; Ni: 0.5%; Si: 1.3%; Ti: 0.35%; Cr: 4.5%; Al: 0.17%; Be: 0.15%; balance: Fe;
  • the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
  • tempering put the steel into the tempering furnace, raise the tempering furnace to 165 ° C, and heat it for 1.5 hours to complete the heat treatment of the bearing steel.
  • the high carbon chromium bearing steel The composition includes the following weight percentages of raw materials: C: 2.0%; Mn: 0.6%; B: 1.0%; Ni: 0.8%; Si: 1.4%; Ti: 0.4%; Cr: 5.0%; Al: 0.18%; : 0.16%; the balance is Fe;
  • the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
  • tempering Put the steel into the tempering furnace, raise the tempering furnace to 170 ° C, and remove the heat for 1.8 h to complete the heat treatment of the bearing steel.
  • the present invention provides a high carbon chromium bearing steel heat treatment process
  • the composition of the high carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following weight percentage of raw materials: C: 2.2%; Mn: 1.0%; B: 1.3%; Ni: 1.1%; Si: 1.5%; Ti: 0.5%; Cr: 5.5%; Al: 0.19%; Be: 0.2%; balance: Fe;
  • the heat treatment method includes the following steps:
  • tempering put the steel into the tempering furnace, raise the tempering furnace to 180 ° C, and remove the heat for 2 hours to complete the heat treatment of the bearing steel.
  • the bearing steel prepared by the invention has significantly improved performance and high stability, and meets different production requirements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,该高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.1%-2.2%;Mn:0.1%-1.0%;B:0.3%-1.3%;Ni:0.1%-1.1%;Si:1.1%-1.5%;Ti:0.2%-0.5%;Cr:3.5%-5.5%;Al:0.15%-0.19%;Be:0.1%-0.2%;余量为Fe;热处理方法包括以下步骤:S1,退火:钢材在880-960℃保温1-5h,将温度以40-60℃/h的速度冷至700-800℃,保温1-2h后出炉空冷;S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至780-840℃,放入钢材,保温2-4h,出炉空冷;S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到120-180℃,再进行渗碳处理。该工艺使得碳化物更加细小,且分布均匀,残余奥氏体的含量低,最终得到的轴承钢的使用寿命明显变长,可以适应不同环境下使用。

Description

一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及高碳铬轴承钢热处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺。
背景技术
轴承钢是用来制造滚珠、滚柱和轴承套圈的钢。轴承在工作是承受着极大的压力和摩擦力,所以要求轴承钢有高而均匀的硬度和耐磨性,以及高的弹性极限。对轴承钢的化学成分的均匀性、非金属夹杂物的含量和分布、碳化物的分布等要求都十分严格,是所有钢铁生产中要求最严格的钢种之一。
轴承钢全名叫滚动轴承钢,具有高的抗压强度与疲劳极限,高硬度,高耐磨性及一定韧性,淬透性好,对硫和磷控制极严,是一种高级优质钢。高碳铬轴承钢的常规热处理工艺所得到的的高残余奥氏体量非常不稳定,很容易导致轴承的尺寸零件发生改变,导致轴承过早失效,为此我们提出了一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,用来解决上述问题。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺。
本发明提出的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.1%-2.2%;Mn:0.1%-1.0%;B:0.3%-1.3%;Ni:0.1%-1.1%;Si:1.1%-1.5%;Ti: 0.2%-0.5%;Cr:3.5%-5.5%;Al:0.15%-0.19%;Be:0.1%-0.2%;余量为Fe;
热处理方法包括以下步骤:
S1,退火:钢材在880-960℃保温1-5h,将温度以40-60℃/h的速度冷至700-800℃,保温1-2h后出炉空冷;
S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至780-840℃,放入钢材,保温2-4h,出炉空冷;
S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到120-180℃,再进行渗碳处理;
S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在840-880℃温度下保温1-2h后,淬入140-200℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至150-180℃时取出,随后空冷;
S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-80℃到-60℃温度下冷处理1-2h;
S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至150-180℃,保温1-2h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
优选地,所述S3中,渗碳处理采用气体渗碳,所通气体为乙醇或甲苯。
优选地,所述S4中,将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在860℃温度下保温1.5h后,淬入170℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至165℃时取出,随后空冷。
优选地,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.3%-2.0%;Mn:0.4%-0.6%;B:0.6%-1.0%;Ni:0.3%-0.8%; Si:1.2%-1.4%;Ti:0.3%-0.4%;Cr:4.0%-5.0%;Al:0.16%-0.18%;Be:0.14%-0.16%;余量为Fe。
优选地,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.6%;Mn:0.5%;B:0.8%;Ni:0.5%;Si:1.3%;Ti:0.35%;Cr:4.5%;Al:0.17%;Be:0.15%;余量为Fe。
优选地,所述S5中,将S4中的钢材在-70℃温度下冷处理1.5h。
本发明中,先将钢材进行常规的退火、正火,并对其中的温度和时间作出一定的要求,并进行渗碳处理,使得钢材性能提高,疲劳寿命长,在热处理过程中,使得碳化物更加细小,且分布均匀,残余奥氏体的含量低,最终得到的轴承钢的使用寿命明显变长,可以适应不同环境下使用,适合推广。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解说。
实施例一
本发明提出的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.1%;Mn:0.1%;B:0.3%;Ni:0.1%;Si:1.1%;Ti:0.2%;Cr:3.5%-5.5%;Al:0.15%;Be:0.1%;余量为Fe;
热处理方法包括以下步骤:
S1,退火:钢材在880℃保温1h,将温度以40℃/h的速度冷至700℃,保温1h后出炉空冷;
S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至780℃,放入钢材,保温2h,出炉 空冷;
S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到120℃,再进行渗碳处理;
S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在840℃温度下保温1h后,淬入140℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至150℃时取出,随后空冷;
S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-80℃温度下冷处理1-2h;
S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至150℃,保温1h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
实施例二
本发明提出的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.3%;Mn:0.4%;B:0.6%-1.0%;Ni:0.3%-0.8%;Si:1.2%-1.4%;Ti:0.3%-0.4%;Cr:4.0%-5.0%;Al:0.16%-0.18%;Be:0.14%-0.16%;余量为Fe;
热处理方法包括以下步骤:
S1,退火:钢材在900℃保温2h,将温度以45℃/h的速度冷至725℃,保温1.2h后出炉空冷;
S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至800℃,放入钢材,保温2.5h,出炉空冷;
S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到130℃,再进行渗碳处理;
S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在850℃温度下保温1.2h后,淬入160℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至160℃时取出,随后空冷;
S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-75℃温度下冷处理1.2h;
S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至155℃,保温1.2h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
实施例三
本发明提出的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.6%;Mn:0.5%;B:0.8%;Ni:0.5%;Si:1.3%;Ti:0.35%;Cr:4.5%;Al:0.17%;Be:0.15%;余量为Fe;
热处理方法包括以下步骤:
S1,退火:钢材在920℃保温3h,将温度以50℃/h的速度冷至750℃,保温1。5h后出炉空冷;
S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至810℃,放入钢材,保温3h,出炉空冷;
S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到150℃,再进行渗碳处理;
S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在860℃温度下保温1.5h后,淬入170℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至165℃时取出,随后空冷;
S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-70℃温度下冷处理1.5h;
S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至165℃,保温1.5h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
实施例四
本发明提出的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,所述高碳铬轴承钢 的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:2.0%;Mn:0.6%;B:1.0%;Ni:0.8%;Si:1.4%;Ti:0.4%;Cr:5.0%;Al:0.18%;Be:0.16%;余量为Fe;
热处理方法包括以下步骤:
S1,退火:钢材在940℃保温4h,将温度以55℃/h的速度冷至780℃,保温1.8h后出炉空冷;
S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至830℃,放入钢材,保温3.5h,出炉空冷;
S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到165℃,再进行渗碳处理;
S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在870℃温度下保温1.8h后,淬入180℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至170℃时取出,随后空冷;
S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-65℃温度下冷处理1.8h;
S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至170℃,保温1.8h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
实施例五
本发明提出的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:2.2%;Mn:1.0%;B:1.3%;Ni:1.1%;Si:1.5%;Ti:0.5%;Cr:5.5%;Al:0.19%;Be:0.2%;余量为Fe;
热处理方法包括以下步骤:
S1,退火:钢材在960℃保温5h,将温度以60℃/h的速度冷至 800℃,保温2h后出炉空冷;
S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至840℃,放入钢材,保温4h,出炉空冷;
S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到180℃,再进行渗碳处理;
S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在880℃温度下保温2h后,淬入200℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至180℃时取出,随后空冷;
S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-60℃温度下冷处理2h;
S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至180℃,保温2h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
对本发明实施例1-5所得到的轴承钢进行检测,检测结果如下:
组别 HRC 冲击力/J
实施例一 62.4 8.9
实施例二 63.3 9.1
实施例三 63.8 10.3
实施例四 62.5 9.6
实施例五 61.9 9.3
由上表可知,本发明制备出的轴承钢性能显著提高,稳定性高,满足不同生产需求。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,其特征在于,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.1%-2.2%;Mn:0.1%-1.0%;B:0.3%-1.3%;Ni:0.1%-1.1%;Si:1.1%-1.5%;Ti:0.2%-0.5%;Cr:3.5%-5.5%;Al:0.15%-0.19%;Be:0.1%-0.2%;余量为Fe;
    热处理方法包括以下步骤:
    S1,退火:钢材在880-960℃保温1-5h,将温度以40-60℃/h的速度冷至700-800℃,保温1-2h后出炉空冷;
    S2,正火:将炉内的温度升至780-840℃,放入钢材,保温2-4h,出炉空冷;
    S3,渗碳:将钢材预热到120-180℃,再进行渗碳处理;
    S4,淬火:将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在840-880℃温度下保温1-2h后,淬入140-200℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至150-180℃时取出,随后空冷;
    S5,冷冻处理:将S4中的钢材在-80℃到-60℃温度下冷处理1-2h;
    S6,回火:将钢材放入回火炉,将回火炉升温至150-180℃,保温1-2h取出后即可完成轴承钢的热处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,其特征在于,所述S3中,渗碳处理采用气体渗碳,所通气体为乙醇或甲苯。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,其特 征在于,所述S4中,将钢材放入真空淬火炉,在860℃温度下保温1.5h后,淬入170℃的油中冷却,待钢材温度降至165℃时取出,随后空冷。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,其特征在于,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.3%-2.0%;Mn:0.4%-0.6%;B:0.6%-1.0%;Ni:0.3%-0.8%;Si:1.2%-1.4%;Ti:0.3%-0.4%;Cr:4.0%-5.0%;Al:0.16%-0.18%;Be:0.14%-0.16%;余量为Fe。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,其特征在于,所述高碳铬轴承钢的成分包括以下重量百分比的原料:C:1.6%;Mn:0.5%;B:0.8%;Ni:0.5%;Si:1.3%;Ti:0.35%;Cr:4.5%;Al:0.17%;Be:0.15%;余量为Fe。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高碳铬轴承钢热处理工艺,其特征在于,所述S5中,将S4中的钢材在-70℃温度下冷处理1.5h。
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CN109355475A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-02-19 重庆聚泽福机械有限公司 一种轴承滚珠淬火工艺
CN109439856A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-03-08 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 能够提高50CrVA柱塞弹簧疲劳强度的热处理工艺
CN109971937A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-07-05 浙江辛子精工机械股份有限公司 高碳铬钢乘用车发动机凸轮片整体淬火工艺及其设备
CN110004316A (zh) * 2019-05-23 2019-07-12 河北工业大学 原位纳米陶瓷颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法
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CN112893774A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 衡水中裕铁信装备工程有限公司 一种减少桥梁支座用耐腐蚀钢裂纹的方法
CN114085980A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-25 江西振扬精密机械制造有限公司 一种十字轴热处理***及其处理工艺
CN114427018A (zh) * 2022-01-17 2022-05-03 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 一种高铬磨段分级淬火热处理工艺
CN114959549A (zh) * 2022-05-13 2022-08-30 山东宏丰智能装备有限公司 一种活动弯头低温冲击吸收功高的化学热处理工艺

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CN112893774A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 衡水中裕铁信装备工程有限公司 一种减少桥梁支座用耐腐蚀钢裂纹的方法
CN114085980A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-25 江西振扬精密机械制造有限公司 一种十字轴热处理***及其处理工艺
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CN114959549A (zh) * 2022-05-13 2022-08-30 山东宏丰智能装备有限公司 一种活动弯头低温冲击吸收功高的化学热处理工艺

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