WO2018094885A1 - Shaft furnace process for producing iron coke - Google Patents

Shaft furnace process for producing iron coke Download PDF

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WO2018094885A1
WO2018094885A1 PCT/CN2017/074677 CN2017074677W WO2018094885A1 WO 2018094885 A1 WO2018094885 A1 WO 2018094885A1 CN 2017074677 W CN2017074677 W CN 2017074677W WO 2018094885 A1 WO2018094885 A1 WO 2018094885A1
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carbonization
iron
coke
iron coke
chamber
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PCT/CN2017/074677
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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李建涛
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武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B3/00—Coke ovens with vertical chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B3/00—Coke ovens with vertical chambers
    • C10B3/02—Coke ovens with vertical chambers with heat-exchange devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of metal fire smelting, in particular to a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke, which is mainly used for producing iron coke to replace part of coke required for blast furnace production.
  • Coke is an important raw material for blast furnace smelting. It plays the role of hot metal carburizing agent, heat generating agent, reducing agent and column skeleton in the blast furnace.
  • the blast furnace iron making needs to ensure that the blast furnace condition is stable and direct, and the coke consumption should be minimized. Therefore, the quality of the blast furnace coke is required to be high in heat strength and high in reactivity.
  • the iron coke and iron ore are mixed into the furnace for iron making, and the meanings are summarized as follows:
  • Iron coke satisfies the performance requirements of high thermal strength and reactivity of blast furnace coke, and the reactivity of iron coke is significantly higher than ordinary coke, which reduces the temperature of heat preservation zone, reduces energy consumption and improves Production efficiency;
  • Iron coke replaces some coke, which reduces coke consumption, reduces production costs, increases productivity, and reduces CO 2 emissions;
  • One is the hot press block-shaft furnace method of Japan JFE Company. This method is to heat a mixture of iron ore and non-coking coal containing a small amount of binder to a certain temperature, and form a certain shape of agglomerate with a briquetting machine, and then install The product was subjected to dry distillation in a shaft furnace type reactor, and finally a shape-regulated iron coke product was obtained.
  • the advantage of this method is that it can be equipped with iron ore (iron ore ratio up to 30%), and the thermal properties of iron coke are better.
  • its disadvantages are complicated process flow, low productivity, and difficulty in large-scale.
  • Another method is the traditional chamber coke oven method of Nippon Steel Co., Ltd., which has been industrially tested on large coke ovens. It is to add iron ore crushed to the appropriate size to the coal conveyor belt conveyor, without special mixing equipment, but to achieve uniform mixing of coal and iron ore in the belt conveyor process. Industrial test results show that the push-focus operation is smooth and there is no erosion of the furnace wall.
  • the advantage of this method is that the iron coke can be produced by the traditional coking equipment. The cold strength of the iron coke meets the requirements of the actual blast furnace production, the output is large, and the process is mature; the disadvantage is that the iron ore ratio is low, and the thermal performance is poor, and it is difficult. Achieve the desired production results.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke, which is advanced and reliable, can realize large-scale production of iron coke, has good heat strength, high reactivity, and no erosion of the furnace wall in the process, thereby reducing
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is based on the use of a carbonization shaft furnace as shown in FIG. 2, which is a shaft furnace type composed of a carbonization chamber 1 and a combustion chamber 2, and a plurality of carbonization chambers 1 are arranged in a large combustion.
  • the carbonization chamber is modularly combined, and the carbonization chamber 1 is divided into a preheating section 4, a carbonization section 5 and a cooling section 7 from top to bottom, and heat transfer is provided between each of the carbonization chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 2.
  • a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke specifically comprising the following steps:
  • the granularity of the briquetting piece is 15-75 mm;
  • the briquetting material is loaded into the carbonization chamber in the carbonization furnace by the charging device, and the briquetting material runs downward in the carbonization chamber, and the iron coke is formed through the preheating section and the carbonization section of the carbonization chamber, and the preheating temperature is obtained.
  • the carbonization temperature is controlled at 800-1250 ° C, the total time of preheating and carbonization is 10 ⁇ 30h;
  • the iron coke is cooled to a temperature of 50-150 ° C through a cooling section, and is continuously discharged outside the furnace through a discharge device.
  • the mass ratio of iron ore fines to coal powder in the first step is 20-40:60-80.
  • the coal in the first step is non-coking coal, and is selected from one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal or lignite.
  • the speed of the operation of the press block in the carbonization chamber in the third step is controlled to be 3-30 mm/min.
  • the heat required for preheating and carbonization in the carbonization chamber in the third step is derived from the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber outside the partition wall of the carbonization chamber, and the heat is transferred to the briquetting material in the carbonization chamber through the partition wall.
  • the combustor and/or the drying compact for combustor combustion are preheated through the heat exchanger.
  • the shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to the invention not only has simple and reliable process flow, but also can realize large-scale production, because the carbonization chamber can realize the output required for large-scale production through modular combination, and before and after the carbonization furnace Processes and equipment create conditions for large-scale production that significantly overcomes many of the shortcomings of the process of producing iron coke using coke ovens.
  • the process can obtain high-quality iron coke by effectively adjusting the carbonization temperature and carbonization time.
  • the iron coke can meet the thermal strength and reactivity performance requirements of the blast furnace coke, and the reaction of iron coke Significantly higher than ordinary coke, lowering the temperature of the heat preservation zone, so that iron coke can replace part of coke, thereby reducing coke consumption, reducing production costs, increasing productivity, reducing CO 2 emissions, and at the same time due to the addition of iron ore in non-coking coal
  • the stone has been reduced to metallic iron in the process of producing iron coke, which also reduces the coke ratio and improves production efficiency.
  • the high-quality carbonization chamber partition wall of the process adopts high-quality refractory materials, has high thermal conductivity, low porosity, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and provides excellent conditions for high production efficiency, low energy consumption and long life.
  • the carbonization chamber of the process is divided into a preheating section, a carbonization section and a cooling section.
  • the achievable effects are: before the carbonization of the briquetting material, after sufficient preheating, the heat is effectively utilized, and the efficiency of carbonization is improved;
  • the slow downward continuous movement in the carbonization process can well avoid the bonding between the materials in the carbonization chamber and the partition walls and materials, so as not to cause difficulty in discharging and interrupt the production; after the carbonization is completed, the iron coke can be cooled in the cooling section. Cool to the desired temperature.
  • the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber of the process are independent, and the respective reducing atmosphere and the oxidizing atmosphere do not interfere with each other, and the temperature field can be uniform, and high-quality iron coke can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a process of a shaft furnace for producing iron coke according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a carbonization shaft furnace used in the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke for producing iron coke which replaces coke in a blast furnace, and the main production steps thereof include:
  • the iron ore fines (0.3mm) with the qualified particle size and the coal powder are mixed with the binder, mixed and pressed, and the size of the compact is 20-50mm, and then dried;
  • the briquetting material is fed from the top of the carbonization chamber by the charging device, and the carbonization chamber is filled with all the briquetting materials. Filled, the material surface is higher than the height of the carbonization furnace body;
  • the briquetting material runs downward by gravity in the carbonization chamber. After the preheating section and the carbonization section, the carbonization process is completed.
  • the carbonization chamber temperature is 1100 ° C.
  • the heat required for preheating and carbonization in the carbonization chamber is derived from the carbonization chamber. The heat generated by the combustion of the combustion chamber outside the partition wall, the heat is transferred to the briquetting material in the carbonization chamber through the partition wall;
  • the combustion chamber is located around or on both sides of the carbonization chamber. Several burners are arranged in the combustion chamber. The combustion of the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas will generate high-temperature flue gas of 1100-1400 °C. The heat of the high-temperature flue gas is uniformly heated through the partition wall to heat the carbonization chamber.
  • the briquetting material in the wall; the fuel is at least one of coal gas, blast furnace gas, converter gas, coke oven gas, natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas or shale gas;
  • the briquetting material is fully carbonized in the carbonization chamber; according to the raw material conditions and the process requirements, the temperature in the carbonization chamber and the carbonization reaction time can be adjusted and controlled;
  • the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber is relatively high, about 900-1200 ° C.
  • the high-temperature flue gas after discharge is heat-recovered through the heat exchanger, preheating the combustion-supporting gas entering the combustion chamber, and the combustion-supporting gas can be preheated to 500-700. °C, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is reduced to 400-600 ° C, and can also be used for drying raw materials, etc., the flue gas of 100-150 ° C after drying is discharged through the chimney;
  • the iron coke produced after passing through the carbonization section is finally passed through the cooling section, and can reach 50-150 ° C according to the required temperature, and is continuously discharged outside the furnace through the discharge device, and the obtained cold iron coke and the blast furnace raw fuel are added to the blast furnace.
  • the carbonization furnace in the process consists of a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber.
  • the number of carbonization chambers is modularly combined according to the production requirements, and the size and number of combustion chambers are adjusted according to the number of carbonization chambers.
  • the process for producing iron coke of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the preheating section and the carbonization section of the carbonization chamber are rectangular, the width is 300-800 mm, the length is 1000-1800 mm, and the height is 10000-18000 mm;
  • the temperature of the flue gas coming out of the combustion chamber is about 1000 ° C.
  • the high-temperature flue gas after the discharge is heat-recovered through the heat exchanger, and the combustion air entering the combustion chamber is preheated to 600 ° C, and then the briquettes are dried by the heat exchanger.
  • the exhausted flue gas temperature is lowered to 100-150 ° C, and finally discharged through the chimney;
  • the iron coke of 1050 to 1100 °C passes through the cooling section and the temperature reaches 100 ° C or less, and is discharged from the discharge device to obtain qualified iron coke.
  • the production efficiency of the process is obviously improved, the coke ratio and production cost are significantly reduced, the daily iron coke output is about 300 tons, and the annual output can reach more than 1 million tons.

Abstract

A shaft furnace process for producing iron coke. The iron coke produced by the shaft furnace process can partially replace an important raw material, coke, for a blast furnace production. The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke comprises the following main steps: after crushing iron ore and non-coking coal, mixing uniformly with a binder, briquetting, and drying; then adding briquettes into a carbonization chamber of a carbonization furnace by using a charging device; finishing reduction of iron and carbonization of the non-coking coal in the carbonization chamber by a preheating section and a carbonizing section, thereby forming the iron coke; and cooling the iron coke, discharging same, and charging same into an iron coke groove. The process has remarkable advantages that the process is advanced and reliable, can implement large-scale production of iron coke, provides good product quality, reduces the amount of used coke for blast furnace iron making, reduces the production costs of blast furnace iron making, improves the production efficiency of blast furnace iron making, reduces CO2 emission of blast furnace iron making, and the like.

Description

一种生产铁焦的竖炉工艺Shaft furnace process for producing iron coke 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及金属火法冶炼的技术领域，具体涉及一种生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，主要用于生产铁焦以替代高炉生产需要的部分焦炭。The invention relates to the technical field of metal fire smelting, in particular to a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke, which is mainly used for producing iron coke to replace part of coke required for blast furnace production.
背景技术Background technique
焦炭是高炉冶炼的重要原料，在高炉内同时发挥铁水渗碳剂、发热剂、还原剂和料柱骨架的作用，高炉炼铁既要保证高炉炉况稳定顺行，又要尽量降低焦炭消耗。因此，高炉对焦炭质量的要求是热强度要高，同时反应性也要高。Coke is an important raw material for blast furnace smelting. It plays the role of hot metal carburizing agent, heat generating agent, reducing agent and column skeleton in the blast furnace. The blast furnace iron making needs to ensure that the blast furnace condition is stable and direct, and the coke consumption should be minimized. Therefore, the quality of the blast furnace coke is required to be high in heat strength and high in reactivity.
为了保证焦炭的质量，焦炭的生产原料采用专用的焦煤，然而焦煤的资源是十分有限的，为了降低焦炭的消耗，高炉炼铁积极推广了喷吹煤粉的技术，该技术已在国内外得到普遍推广，降低焦炭的效果虽然明显，但是目前一般高炉焦比高达每吨铁水350-380公斤，先进的高炉焦比每吨铁水也有300-320公斤，不仅消耗量仍然很大，而且焦煤的价格逐年升高，使得降低生产成本的压力越来越大。In order to ensure the quality of coke, coke production raw materials use special coking coal. However, the resources of coking coal are very limited. In order to reduce the consumption of coke, blast furnace ironmaking has actively promoted the technology of blowing coal powder, which has been obtained at home and abroad. Generally popularized, although the effect of reducing coke is obvious, at present, the general blast furnace coke ratio is as high as 350-380 kg per ton of molten iron, and the advanced blast furnace coke ratio is 300-320 kg per ton of molten iron, not only the consumption is still large, but also the price of coking coal. Increasing year by year, the pressure to reduce production costs is increasing.
从目前全球焦煤分布和储量来看，分布极不均衡且优质焦煤资源总储量很有限，在每年消耗近10亿吨优质焦煤的情况下，再过不到70年世界的优质焦煤资源将消耗殆尽，如何进一步降低焦煤的消耗及CO2的排放量，已经成为十分重要的课题。From the current global coking coal distribution and reserves, the distribution is extremely uneven and the total reserves of high-quality coking coal resources are very limited. In the case of consumption of nearly 1 billion tons of high-quality coking coal per year, the world's high-quality coking coal resources will be consumed in less than 70 years. How to further reduce the consumption of coking coal and CO 2 emissions has become an important issue.
近几年国内外积极开展了铁焦替代焦炭的研究，所谓铁焦，就是向非焦煤中添加一定比例的铁矿粉，通过高温炭化得到的含有金属铁的一种焦炭。由于金属铁对C+CO2＝2CO反应具有催化作用，铁焦的反应性明显高于普通焦炭。In recent years, the research on iron coke instead of coke has been actively carried out at home and abroad. The so-called iron coke is a kind of coke containing metal iron obtained by adding a certain proportion of iron ore powder to non-coking coal. Since metallic iron has a catalytic effect on C+CO 2 = 2CO reaction, the reactivity of iron coke is significantly higher than that of ordinary coke.
将铁焦与铁矿石混装入炉用于炼铁，其意义归纳起来有以下几点：The iron coke and iron ore are mixed into the furnace for iron making, and the meanings are summarized as follows:
(1)铁焦很好地满足高炉对焦炭的热强度和反应性都要高的性能要求，并且铁焦的反应性明显高于普通焦炭，降低了热保存区温度，降低了能耗，提高了生产效率；(1) Iron coke satisfies the performance requirements of high thermal strength and reactivity of blast furnace coke, and the reactivity of iron coke is significantly higher than ordinary coke, which reduces the temperature of heat preservation zone, reduces energy consumption and improves Production efficiency;
(2)铁焦替代部分焦炭，从而降低了焦炭消耗，降低了生产成本，提高了生产率,降低了CO2的排放；(2) Iron coke replaces some coke, which reduces coke consumption, reduces production costs, increases productivity, and reduces CO 2 emissions;
(3)非焦煤中配加的铁矿石在生产铁焦的过程中已还原成金属铁，这样 也能够降低焦比、提高生产效率。(3) The iron ore added to the non-coking coal has been reduced to metallic iron in the process of producing iron coke, It can also reduce the coke ratio and increase production efficiency.
铁焦的制备方法目前主要有两种：There are two main methods for preparing iron coke:
一种是日本JFE公司的热压块—竖炉法，这种方法是将含有少量黏结剂的铁矿石和非焦煤的混合物加热到一定温度，用压块机制成一定形状的团矿，然后装入竖炉型反应器中进行干馏，最后制得形状规整的铁焦产品。这种方法的优点是可以多配铁矿石(铁矿石配比最高可达30％)，铁焦的热性质较好。但其缺点是工艺流程复杂、生产率低且难以大型化。One is the hot press block-shaft furnace method of Japan JFE Company. This method is to heat a mixture of iron ore and non-coking coal containing a small amount of binder to a certain temperature, and form a certain shape of agglomerate with a briquetting machine, and then install The product was subjected to dry distillation in a shaft furnace type reactor, and finally a shape-regulated iron coke product was obtained. The advantage of this method is that it can be equipped with iron ore (iron ore ratio up to 30%), and the thermal properties of iron coke are better. However, its disadvantages are complicated process flow, low productivity, and difficulty in large-scale.
另一种方法是日本新日铁公司的传统室式炼焦炉法，曾在大型焦炉上做过工业性试验。它是将破碎到合适粒度的铁矿石添加到配合煤的运输皮带机上，没有设置专门的混匀设备，而是在皮带机的转运过程中实现配合煤与铁矿石的均匀混合。工业试验结果显示，推焦作业顺利，没有发生炉墙侵蚀现象。这种方法的优点是可以利用传统的炼焦设备生产铁焦，铁焦的冷强度符合实际高炉生产的要求，产量大，工艺成熟；缺点是铁矿石配比低，而且热性能较差，难以达到理想的生产效果。Another method is the traditional chamber coke oven method of Nippon Steel Co., Ltd., which has been industrially tested on large coke ovens. It is to add iron ore crushed to the appropriate size to the coal conveyor belt conveyor, without special mixing equipment, but to achieve uniform mixing of coal and iron ore in the belt conveyor process. Industrial test results show that the push-focus operation is smooth and there is no erosion of the furnace wall. The advantage of this method is that the iron coke can be produced by the traditional coking equipment. The cold strength of the iron coke meets the requirements of the actual blast furnace production, the output is large, and the process is mature; the disadvantage is that the iron ore ratio is low, and the thermal performance is poor, and it is difficult. Achieve the desired production results.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供了一种生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，该工艺先进可靠、能够实现铁焦的大规模生产、产品热强度好、反应性高、工艺过程没有炉墙侵蚀，从而减少高炉炼铁焦炭用量、降低高炉炼铁生产成本、提高高炉炼铁生产效率、减少高炉炼铁CO2排放等显著优点。The object of the present invention is to provide a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke, which is advanced and reliable, can realize large-scale production of iron coke, has good heat strength, high reactivity, and no erosion of the furnace wall in the process, thereby reducing The advantages of blast furnace ironmaking coke consumption, reduction of blast furnace ironmaking production cost, improvement of blast furnace ironmaking production efficiency, and reduction of blast furnace ironmaking CO 2 emissions.
本发明所采用的技术方案基于使用了如图2所示的炭化竖炉，该炭化炉为竖炉型式，由炭化室1和燃烧室2组成，多个炭化室1布置在一个很大的燃烧室2中，炭化室通过模块化组合而成，炭化室1从上到下分为预热段4、炭化段5和冷却段7，每个炭化室1和燃烧室2之间设有传热隔墙6，通过燃烧室2中的燃烧器3燃烧煤气产生炭化室1所需要的热量，各炭化室1内温度基本一致，压块料从顶部加入后经过预热段4、炭化段5和冷却段7后，在排料装置8的控制下按照合理流量排出。The technical solution adopted by the present invention is based on the use of a carbonization shaft furnace as shown in FIG. 2, which is a shaft furnace type composed of a carbonization chamber 1 and a combustion chamber 2, and a plurality of carbonization chambers 1 are arranged in a large combustion. In the chamber 2, the carbonization chamber is modularly combined, and the carbonization chamber 1 is divided into a preheating section 4, a carbonization section 5 and a cooling section 7 from top to bottom, and heat transfer is provided between each of the carbonization chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 2. The partition wall 6, the combustion of the gas through the burner 3 in the combustion chamber 2 generates heat required for the carbonization chamber 1, the temperature in each of the carbonization chambers 1 is substantially the same, and the briquetting material is fed from the top through the preheating section 4, the carbonization section 5 and After the cooling section 7, it is discharged at a reasonable flow rate under the control of the discharge device 8.
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:
一种生产铁焦的竖炉工艺,具体包括以下步骤：A shaft furnace process for producing iron coke, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1)将铁矿和煤均粉碎至粒度小于0.5mm的粉末,然后将铁矿粉与煤粉 加入粘结剂一起混匀后形成混匀料；(1) pulverize iron ore and coal to a powder with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, and then iron ore powder and pulverized coal Adding a binder and mixing to form a mixing material;
(2)将混匀料经过压块、烘干后形成压块料，压块的粒度大小为15-75mm；(2) After the kneading material is pressed and dried to form a briquetting material, the granularity of the briquetting piece is 15-75 mm;
(3)压块料由装料装置装入炭化炉中的炭化室中，压块料在炭化室中向下运行，先后经过炭化室的预热段和炭化段形成铁焦，预热的温度在300-800℃，炭化温度控制在800-1250℃，预热和炭化总的时间为10～30h；(3) The briquetting material is loaded into the carbonization chamber in the carbonization furnace by the charging device, and the briquetting material runs downward in the carbonization chamber, and the iron coke is formed through the preheating section and the carbonization section of the carbonization chamber, and the preheating temperature is obtained. At 300-800 ° C, the carbonization temperature is controlled at 800-1250 ° C, the total time of preheating and carbonization is 10 ~ 30h;
(4)铁焦经过冷却段冷却至50-150℃的温度，通过排料装置连续排出炉外。(4) The iron coke is cooled to a temperature of 50-150 ° C through a cooling section, and is continuously discharged outside the furnace through a discharge device.
优选地，所述步骤一中铁矿粉与煤粉的质量比为20～40：60～80。Preferably, the mass ratio of iron ore fines to coal powder in the first step is 20-40:60-80.
优选地，所述步骤一中的煤为非焦煤，选自无烟煤、烟煤或褐煤中的一种或多种。Preferably, the coal in the first step is non-coking coal, and is selected from one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal or lignite.
优选地，所述步骤三中压块料在炭化室中运行的速度控制在3-30mm/min。Preferably, the speed of the operation of the press block in the carbonization chamber in the third step is controlled to be 3-30 mm/min.
所述步骤三中炭化室中预热和炭化所需的热量，来源于炭化室隔墙外燃烧室燃料燃烧产生的热量，热量通过隔墙传给炭化室中的压块料。The heat required for preheating and carbonization in the carbonization chamber in the third step is derived from the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber outside the partition wall of the carbonization chamber, and the heat is transferred to the briquetting material in the carbonization chamber through the partition wall.
所述燃烧室燃烧产生的高温烟气排出燃烧室后，通过换热器来预热燃烧室燃烧用助燃气体和/或烘干压块。After the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the combustion chamber exits the combustion chamber, the combustor and/or the drying compact for combustor combustion are preheated through the heat exchanger.
实施本发明生产铁焦的工艺，具有以下有益效果：The process for producing iron coke of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1)采用本发明生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，不仅工艺流程简单可靠，而且可以实现大规模生产，原因在于：炭化室可以通过模块化组合来实现大规模生产需要的产量，另外炭化炉前后的工艺及装备为规模化生产创造了条件，该工艺明显克服了采用焦炉生产铁焦这种工艺的许多缺点。1) The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to the invention not only has simple and reliable process flow, but also can realize large-scale production, because the carbonization chamber can realize the output required for large-scale production through modular combination, and before and after the carbonization furnace Processes and equipment create conditions for large-scale production that significantly overcomes many of the shortcomings of the process of producing iron coke using coke ovens.
2)该工艺根据不同的原料条件，可通过有效的调节炭化温度和炭化时间，来得到优质的铁焦，铁焦能够达到高炉对焦炭的热强度和反应性的性能要求，并且铁焦的反应性明显高于普通焦炭，降低了热保存区温度，这样铁焦能够替代部分焦炭，从而降低焦炭消耗，降低生产成本，提高生产率,降低CO2的排放，同时由于非焦煤中配加的铁矿石在生产铁焦的过程中已还原成金属铁，这样也能够降低焦比和提高了生产效率。2) According to different raw material conditions, the process can obtain high-quality iron coke by effectively adjusting the carbonization temperature and carbonization time. The iron coke can meet the thermal strength and reactivity performance requirements of the blast furnace coke, and the reaction of iron coke Significantly higher than ordinary coke, lowering the temperature of the heat preservation zone, so that iron coke can replace part of coke, thereby reducing coke consumption, reducing production costs, increasing productivity, reducing CO 2 emissions, and at the same time due to the addition of iron ore in non-coking coal The stone has been reduced to metallic iron in the process of producing iron coke, which also reduces the coke ratio and improves production efficiency.
3)该工艺高品质的炭化室隔墙采用优质耐材，具有高导热、低气孔、耐高温、耐磨损等性能，为高生产效率、降低能耗和长寿命提供了很好的条件。3) The high-quality carbonization chamber partition wall of the process adopts high-quality refractory materials, has high thermal conductivity, low porosity, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and provides excellent conditions for high production efficiency, low energy consumption and long life.
4)该工艺炭化室分为预热段、炭化段和冷却段，可达到的效果有：压块料在炭化前，经过了充分的预热，热量得到有效利用，炭化的效率得到提高； 炭化过程中采用缓慢向下的连续运动，能够很好地避免炭化室中物料与隔墙及物料之间的粘接，不至于造成排料困难和中断生产；炭化完毕，铁焦在冷却段能够冷却到需要的温度。4) The carbonization chamber of the process is divided into a preheating section, a carbonization section and a cooling section. The achievable effects are: before the carbonization of the briquetting material, after sufficient preheating, the heat is effectively utilized, and the efficiency of carbonization is improved; The slow downward continuous movement in the carbonization process can well avoid the bonding between the materials in the carbonization chamber and the partition walls and materials, so as not to cause difficulty in discharging and interrupt the production; after the carbonization is completed, the iron coke can be cooled in the cooling section. Cool to the desired temperature.
5)该工艺炭化室和燃烧室各自独立，各自的还原气氛和氧化气氛互不干涉，能够实现温度场均匀，能够得到优质的铁焦。5) The carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber of the process are independent, and the respective reducing atmosphere and the oxidizing atmosphere do not interfere with each other, and the temperature field can be uniform, and high-quality iron coke can be obtained.
6)该工艺压块料中煤和铁氧化物充分接触，能够使得铁在炭化过程中得到很好的还原，并且由于金属铁对C+CO2＝2CO反应具有催化作用，铁焦的反应性明显高于普通焦炭。6) The coal and iron oxides in the process block material are in full contact, which can make the iron be well reduced in the carbonization process, and the reactivity of the iron coke is due to the catalytic effect of the metal iron on the C+CO 2 = 2CO reaction. Significantly higher than ordinary coke.
7)该工艺燃烧室最终排出的高温烟气采用高温热交换器进行热量回收，用来预热进入燃烧室用助燃空气和压块料，降低了能耗，提高了能源利用效率。7) The high-temperature flue gas finally discharged from the combustion chamber of the process is heat-recovered by a high-temperature heat exchanger for preheating the combustion air and the briquetting material into the combustion chamber, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving energy utilization efficiency.
8)该工艺炭化室预热段排出的炭化性气体返回至燃烧室再利用，可节约能源、降低能源消耗。8) The carbonized gas discharged from the preheating section of the carbonization chamber of the process is returned to the combustion chamber for reuse, thereby saving energy and reducing energy consumption.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明生产铁焦的竖炉工艺的流程图；1 is a flow chart showing a process of a shaft furnace for producing iron coke according to the present invention;
图2为本发明所使用的炭化竖炉的示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a carbonization shaft furnace used in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明技术方案更容易理解，现结合附图采用具体实施例的方式，对本发明的技术方案进行清晰、完整的描述。应当注意，在此所述的实施例仅为本发明的部分实施例，而非本发明的全部实现方式，所述实施例只有示例性，其作用只在于为审查员及公众提供理解本发明内容更为直观明了的方式，而不是对本发明所述技术方案的限制。在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，所有本领域普通技术人员没有做出创造性劳动就能想到的其它实施方式，及其它对本发明技术方案的简单替换和各种变化，都属于本发明的保护范围。In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the manner of the specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only partial embodiments of the present invention, and are not all implementations of the present invention. The embodiments are merely exemplary and only serve to provide an understanding of the present invention to examiners and the public. A more straightforward manner, rather than a limitation of the technical solution of the present invention. Other embodiments that can be conceived by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the inventive concept, and other simple alternatives and various changes to the technical solutions of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention. .
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，用于生产替代高炉部分焦炭的铁焦，其主要生产步骤包括：As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a shaft furnace process for producing iron coke for producing iron coke which replaces coke in a blast furnace, and the main production steps thereof include:
1)粉粹后达到合格粒度的铁矿粉(0.3mm)和煤粉与粘结剂一起混匀，混匀后进行压块，压块的粒度大小为20-50mm，然后进行烘干；1) After the powder is powdered, the iron ore fines (0.3mm) with the qualified particle size and the coal powder are mixed with the binder, mixed and pressed, and the size of the compact is 20-50mm, and then dried;
2)烘干后的压块料由装料装置从炭化室顶部进料，炭化室被压块料全部 填充，料面高出炭化炉本体一定高度；2) After the drying, the briquetting material is fed from the top of the carbonization chamber by the charging device, and the carbonization chamber is filled with all the briquetting materials. Filled, the material surface is higher than the height of the carbonization furnace body;
3)压块料在炭化室中靠重力向下运行，经过预热段、炭化段后完成炭化过程，炭化室内温度1100℃，炭化室中进行预热和炭化所需的热量，来源于炭化室隔墙外燃烧室燃烧产生的热量，热量通过隔墙传给炭化室中的压块料；3) The briquetting material runs downward by gravity in the carbonization chamber. After the preheating section and the carbonization section, the carbonization process is completed. The carbonization chamber temperature is 1100 ° C. The heat required for preheating and carbonization in the carbonization chamber is derived from the carbonization chamber. The heat generated by the combustion of the combustion chamber outside the partition wall, the heat is transferred to the briquetting material in the carbonization chamber through the partition wall;
4)燃烧室位于炭化室四周或两侧，燃烧室内设置若干个烧嘴，燃料和助燃气体燃烧会产生1100～1400℃的高温烟气，高温烟气的热量整体均匀通过隔墙加热炭化室隔墙内的压块料；燃料为煤制煤气、高炉煤气、转炉煤气、焦炉煤气、天然气、石油液化气或页岩气等的至少一种；4) The combustion chamber is located around or on both sides of the carbonization chamber. Several burners are arranged in the combustion chamber. The combustion of the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas will generate high-temperature flue gas of 1100-1400 °C. The heat of the high-temperature flue gas is uniformly heated through the partition wall to heat the carbonization chamber. The briquetting material in the wall; the fuel is at least one of coal gas, blast furnace gas, converter gas, coke oven gas, natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas or shale gas;
5)压块料在炭化室内进行充分的炭化反应；根据原料条件和工艺需要，炭化室内的温度和炭化反应的时间均能实现可调、可控；5) The briquetting material is fully carbonized in the carbonization chamber; according to the raw material conditions and the process requirements, the temperature in the carbonization chamber and the carbonization reaction time can be adjusted and controlled;
6)燃烧室排出的烟气温度较高，约900～1200℃，排出后的高温烟气通过换热器进行热量回收，预热进入燃烧室的助燃气体，助燃气体可预热至500～700℃，换热后的烟气温度降低至400～600℃，还可用于烘干原料等，烘干后的100～150℃的烟气通过烟囱外排；6) The temperature of the flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber is relatively high, about 900-1200 ° C. The high-temperature flue gas after discharge is heat-recovered through the heat exchanger, preheating the combustion-supporting gas entering the combustion chamber, and the combustion-supporting gas can be preheated to 500-700. °C, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is reduced to 400-600 ° C, and can also be used for drying raw materials, etc., the flue gas of 100-150 ° C after drying is discharged through the chimney;
7)各个炭化室内部被炭化物料在反应过程中，产生的气体，如CO、H2等，在炭化室顶部空间返回至燃烧室作为补充燃料；7) The gases generated in the interior of each carbonization chamber during the reaction process, such as CO, H 2 , etc., are returned to the combustion chamber as a supplementary fuel in the head space of the carbonization chamber;
8)经过炭化段后生产的铁焦最后经过冷却段，根据需要的温度可以达到50-150℃，通过排料装置连续排出炉外，得到的冷态铁焦与高炉原燃料配料后加入高炉。8) The iron coke produced after passing through the carbonization section is finally passed through the cooling section, and can reach 50-150 ° C according to the required temperature, and is continuously discharged outside the furnace through the discharge device, and the obtained cold iron coke and the blast furnace raw fuel are added to the blast furnace.
本发明工艺具有以下优点：The process of the invention has the following advantages:
1)该工艺对铁矿石的品位要求不高，低品位铁矿石也可以使用；1) The process does not require high grades of iron ore, and low grade iron ore can also be used;
2)该工艺的能源利用充分，能源浪费很少，并且资源都得到循环利用；2) The energy utilization of the process is sufficient, energy waste is small, and resources are recycled;
3)该工艺中的炭化炉由炭化室和燃烧室组成，炭化室的数量根据产量要求进行模块化的组合，燃烧室的大小和数量根据炭化室的多少进行调整。3) The carbonization furnace in the process consists of a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber. The number of carbonization chambers is modularly combined according to the production requirements, and the size and number of combustion chambers are adjusted according to the number of carbonization chambers.
实施例2Example 2
本发明生产铁焦的工艺包括以下步骤：The process for producing iron coke of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)将粉粹后含铁品位53％的铁矿粉和褐煤与粘结剂充分混匀，铁矿粉与褐煤的质量比例为30：70，混匀后压块，压块后的粒度大小约30mm，经过烘干机烘干处理后运至槽下料仓；1) Mix the iron ore fines and lignite with 53% iron content in the powder and the binder. The mass ratio of iron ore fines to brown coal is 30:70. After mixing, press the block and the size of the compacted block. About 30mm, dried by the dryer and transported to the silo silo;
2)将以上得到的烘干块料由炉顶装置从炭化炉顶部装入炭化室，压块料 将炭化室全部装满，并高出炭化炉顶面一定高度；2) The dried block material obtained above is loaded into the carbonization chamber from the top of the carbonization furnace by the top device, and the briquetting material is used. Filling the carbonization chamber completely, and above the top surface of the carbonization furnace;
3)炭化室的预热段和炭化段为长方形，其宽度为300～800mm，长度为1000～1800mm，高度10000～18000mm；3) The preheating section and the carbonization section of the carbonization chamber are rectangular, the width is 300-800 mm, the length is 1000-1800 mm, and the height is 10000-18000 mm;
4)通过管道向燃烧器供应的煤气和预热后达到600℃的助燃空气在燃烧室内燃烧，燃烧产生1350℃的高温烟气，混合料在炭化室内进行炭化反应；炭化室内的温度控制在1100℃，预热和炭化反应时间控制在15-18h；4) The gas supplied to the burner through the pipeline and the combustion air reaching 600 °C after preheating are burned in the combustion chamber, and the combustion produces high-temperature flue gas at 1350 ° C, and the mixture is carbonized in the carbonization chamber; the temperature in the carbonization chamber is controlled at 1100 °C, preheating and carbonization reaction time is controlled at 15-18h;
5)燃烧室出来的烟气温度约1000℃，排出后的高温烟气通过热交换器进行热量回收，将进入燃烧室助燃空气预热至600℃，再经过换热器将压块料烘干，排出的烟气温度降低至100～150℃，最后通过烟囱外排；5) The temperature of the flue gas coming out of the combustion chamber is about 1000 ° C. The high-temperature flue gas after the discharge is heat-recovered through the heat exchanger, and the combustion air entering the combustion chamber is preheated to 600 ° C, and then the briquettes are dried by the heat exchanger. The exhausted flue gas temperature is lowered to 100-150 ° C, and finally discharged through the chimney;
6)各炭化室混合料反应完毕后，1050～1100℃铁焦经过冷却段后温度达到100℃以下后从排料装置排出，得到合格铁焦。6) After the reaction of the carbonization chamber mixture is completed, the iron coke of 1050 to 1100 °C passes through the cooling section and the temperature reaches 100 ° C or less, and is discharged from the discharge device to obtain qualified iron coke.
该工艺生产效率明显提高，焦比和生产成本明显降低，每天铁焦产量为约300吨以上，年产量可达100万吨以上。The production efficiency of the process is obviously improved, the coke ratio and production cost are significantly reduced, the daily iron coke output is about 300 tons, and the annual output can reach more than 1 million tons.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。 The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art In the light of the present invention, many forms may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种生产铁焦的竖炉工艺,其特征在于具体包括以下步骤：A shaft furnace process for producing iron coke, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    (1)将铁矿粉和煤粉均粉碎至粒度小于0.5mm的粉末,然后将铁矿粉与煤粉加入粘结剂一起混匀后形成混匀料；(1) pulverizing iron ore fines and coal powder to a powder having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, and then mixing the iron ore fines with the coal powder and adding a binder to form a mixing material;
    (2)将混匀料经过压块、烘干后形成压块料，压块的粒度大小为15-75mm；(2) After the kneading material is pressed and dried to form a briquetting material, the granularity of the briquetting piece is 15-75 mm;
    (3)压块料由装料装置装入炭化炉中的炭化室中，压块料在炭化室中向下运行，先后经过炭化室的预热段和炭化段形成铁焦，预热的温度在300-800℃，炭化温度控制在800-1250℃，预热和炭化总的时间为10～30h；(3) The briquetting material is loaded into the carbonization chamber in the carbonization furnace by the charging device, and the briquetting material runs downward in the carbonization chamber, and the iron coke is formed through the preheating section and the carbonization section of the carbonization chamber, and the preheating temperature is obtained. At 300-800 ° C, the carbonization temperature is controlled at 800-1250 ° C, the total time of preheating and carbonization is 10 ~ 30h;
    (4)铁焦经过冷却段冷却至50-150℃的温度，通过排料装置连续排出炉外。(4) The iron coke is cooled to a temperature of 50-150 ° C through a cooling section, and is continuously discharged outside the furnace through a discharge device.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤一中铁矿粉与煤粉的质量比为20～40：60～80。The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the iron ore fines to the coal powder in the first step is 20 to 40:60 to 80.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤一中的煤为非焦煤，选自无烟煤、烟煤或褐煤中的一种或多种。The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coal in the first step is non-coking coal, and is selected from one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal or lignite.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤三中压块料在炭化室中运行的速度控制在3-30mm/min。The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to claim 1, characterized in that the speed of the operation of the press block in the carbonization chamber in the third step is controlled to be 3-30 mm/min.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤三中炭化室中预热和炭化所需的热量，来源于炭化室隔墙外燃烧室燃料燃烧产生的热量，热量通过隔墙传给炭化室中的压块料。The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to claim 1, wherein the heat required for preheating and carbonization in the carbonization chamber in the third step is derived from heat generated by combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber outside the partition wall of the carbonization chamber. Heat is transferred through the partition to the compact in the carbonization chamber.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述生产铁焦的竖炉工艺，其特征在于，所述燃烧室燃烧产生的高温烟气排出燃烧室后，通过换热器来预热燃烧室燃烧用助燃气体和/或烘干压块。 The shaft furnace process for producing iron coke according to claim 5, characterized in that after the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the combustion chamber exits the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is preheated by the heat exchanger for combustion of the combustion gas and/or baked Dry compaction.
PCT/CN2017/074677 2016-11-24 2017-02-24 Shaft furnace process for producing iron coke WO2018094885A1 (en)

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